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Tavares ER, de Lima TF, Bartolomeu-Gonçalves G, de Castro IM, de Lima DG, Borges PHG, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT, Venancio EJ, Tarley CRT, de Almeida ERD, Pelisson M, Vespero EC, Simão ANC, Perugini MRE, Kerbauy G, Fornazieri MA, Tognim MCB, Góes VM, de Souza TDACB, Oliveira DBL, Durigon EL, Faccin-Galhardi LC, Yamauchi LM, Yamada-Ogatta SF. Development of a Melting-Curve-Based Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Viruses Causing Respiratory Infection. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2692. [PMID: 38004704 PMCID: PMC10672821 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The prompt and accurate identification of the etiological agents of viral respiratory infections is a critical measure in mitigating outbreaks. In this study, we developed and clinically evaluated a novel melting-curve-based multiplex real-time PCR (M-m-qPCR) assay targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein N of SARS-CoV-2, the Matrix protein 2 of the Influenza A virus, the RdRp domain of the L protein from the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and the polyprotein from Rhinovirus B genes. The analytical performance of the M-m-qPCR underwent assessment using in silico analysis and a panel of reference and clinical strains, encompassing viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens, exhibiting 100% specificity. Moreover, the assay showed a detection limit of 10 copies per reaction for all targeted pathogens using the positive controls. To validate its applicability, the assay was further tested in simulated nasal fluid spiked with the viruses mentioned above, followed by validation on nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 811 individuals. Among them, 13.4% (109/811) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and 1.1% (9/811) tested positive for Influenza A. Notably, these results showed 100% concordance with those obtained using a commercial kit. Therefore, the M-m-qPCR exhibits great potential for the routine screening of these respiratory viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliandro Reis Tavares
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (E.R.T.); (D.G.d.L.)
| | - Thiago Ferreira de Lima
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.); (I.M.d.C.); (P.H.G.B.); (G.N.); (R.K.T.K.); (L.C.F.-G.)
| | - Guilherme Bartolomeu-Gonçalves
- Graduate Program in Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil; (G.B.-G.); (E.J.V.); (M.P.); (E.C.V.); (A.N.C.S.); (M.R.E.P.)
| | - Isabela Madeira de Castro
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.); (I.M.d.C.); (P.H.G.B.); (G.N.); (R.K.T.K.); (L.C.F.-G.)
| | - Daniel Gaiotto de Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (E.R.T.); (D.G.d.L.)
| | - Paulo Henrique Guilherme Borges
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.); (I.M.d.C.); (P.H.G.B.); (G.N.); (R.K.T.K.); (L.C.F.-G.)
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.); (I.M.d.C.); (P.H.G.B.); (G.N.); (R.K.T.K.); (L.C.F.-G.)
| | - Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.); (I.M.d.C.); (P.H.G.B.); (G.N.); (R.K.T.K.); (L.C.F.-G.)
| | - Emerson José Venancio
- Graduate Program in Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil; (G.B.-G.); (E.J.V.); (M.P.); (E.C.V.); (A.N.C.S.); (M.R.E.P.)
| | | | | | - Marsileni Pelisson
- Graduate Program in Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil; (G.B.-G.); (E.J.V.); (M.P.); (E.C.V.); (A.N.C.S.); (M.R.E.P.)
| | - Eliana Carolina Vespero
- Graduate Program in Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil; (G.B.-G.); (E.J.V.); (M.P.); (E.C.V.); (A.N.C.S.); (M.R.E.P.)
| | - Andrea Name Colado Simão
- Graduate Program in Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil; (G.B.-G.); (E.J.V.); (M.P.); (E.C.V.); (A.N.C.S.); (M.R.E.P.)
| | - Márcia Regina Eches Perugini
- Graduate Program in Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil; (G.B.-G.); (E.J.V.); (M.P.); (E.C.V.); (A.N.C.S.); (M.R.E.P.)
| | - Gilselena Kerbauy
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Department of Nursing, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil;
| | - Marco Aurélio Fornazieri
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Surgery, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil;
| | | | | | | | - Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira
- Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Lígia Carla Faccin-Galhardi
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.); (I.M.d.C.); (P.H.G.B.); (G.N.); (R.K.T.K.); (L.C.F.-G.)
| | - Lucy Megumi Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (E.R.T.); (D.G.d.L.)
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.); (I.M.d.C.); (P.H.G.B.); (G.N.); (R.K.T.K.); (L.C.F.-G.)
| | - Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (E.R.T.); (D.G.d.L.)
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.); (I.M.d.C.); (P.H.G.B.); (G.N.); (R.K.T.K.); (L.C.F.-G.)
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Fontes V, Ferreira H, Ribeiro M, Pinheiro A, Maramaldo C, Pereira E, Batista L, Júnior A, Lobato L, Silva F, Sousa L, Lima W, Lima C, Soczek S, Carvalho R, Santos M, Fernandes E, Sousa E, Neto L. High Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia from a City in the Brazilian Pre-Amazon Region. Viruses 2023; 15:1306. [PMID: 37376604 PMCID: PMC10305439 DOI: 10.3390/v15061306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although fewer children have been affected by the severe form of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) continues to be the leading global cause of child hospitalizations and deaths. AIM This study investigated the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as well its subtypes (RSV A and B), adenovirus (ADV), rhinovirus (HRV), metapneumovirus (HMPV), coronavirus (NL63, OC43, 229E and HKU1), parainfluenza virus subtypes (PI1, PI2 and PI3), bocavirus and influenza A and B viruses (FluA and FluB) in children diagnosed with CAP during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A total of 200 children with clinically confirmed CAP were initially recruited, of whom 107 had negative qPCR results for SARS-CoV-2 and were included in this study. Viral subtypes were identified using a real-time polymerase chain reaction in the nasopharyngeal swab samples. RESULTS Viruses were identified in 69.2% of the patients. RSV infections were the most frequently identified (65.4%), with type RSV B being the most prevalent (63.5%). In addition, HCoV 229E and HRV were detected in 6.5% and 3.7% of the patients, respectively. RSV type B was associated with severe acute respiratory infection (ARI) and a younger age (less than 24 months). CONCLUSIONS New strategies for preventing and treating viral respiratory infections, particularly RSV infections, are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Fontes
- Laboratory of Virology, Post-Graduate Programme in Microbial Biology, CEUMA University, São Luís, MA 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Hivylla Ferreira
- Central Public Health Laboratory of Maranhão—LACEN-MA, Osvaldo Cruz Institute, São Luís, MA 65020-904, Brazil
| | - Marilene Ribeiro
- Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão, HU-UFMA, São Luís, MA 65020-070, Brazil
| | - Aruanã Pinheiro
- Postdoctoral Program in Microbial Biology, CEUMA University, São Luís, MA 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Carlos Maramaldo
- Central Public Health Laboratory of Maranhão—LACEN-MA, Osvaldo Cruz Institute, São Luís, MA 65020-904, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pereira
- Laboratory of Virology, Post-Graduate Programme in Microbial Biology, CEUMA University, São Luís, MA 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Luís Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, UFMA, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Antonio Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, UFMA, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Luis Lobato
- Central Public Health Laboratory of Maranhão—LACEN-MA, Osvaldo Cruz Institute, São Luís, MA 65020-904, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Programme in Tropical Medicine, FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Silva
- Central Public Health Laboratory of Maranhão—LACEN-MA, Osvaldo Cruz Institute, São Luís, MA 65020-904, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Programme in Tropical Medicine, FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Luis Sousa
- Laboratory of Virology, Post-Graduate Programme in Microbial Biology, CEUMA University, São Luís, MA 65075-120, Brazil
- Central Public Health Laboratory of Maranhão—LACEN-MA, Osvaldo Cruz Institute, São Luís, MA 65020-904, Brazil
| | - Washington Lima
- Post-Graduate Programme in Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIONORTE), CEUMA University, São Luís, MA 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Claudia Lima
- Laboratory of Virology, Post-Graduate Programme in Microbial Biology, CEUMA University, São Luís, MA 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Suzany Soczek
- Post-Graduate Programme in Biotechnology Applied to Child and Adolescent Health, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Curitiba, PR 80250-060, Brazil
| | - Rafael Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, UFMA, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabeth Fernandes
- Post-Graduate Programme in Biotechnology Applied to Child and Adolescent Health, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Curitiba, PR 80250-060, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sousa
- Laboratory of Virology, Post-Graduate Programme in Microbial Biology, CEUMA University, São Luís, MA 65075-120, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, UFMA, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Lidio Neto
- Laboratory of Virology, Post-Graduate Programme in Microbial Biology, CEUMA University, São Luís, MA 65075-120, Brazil
- Central Public Health Laboratory of Maranhão—LACEN-MA, Osvaldo Cruz Institute, São Luís, MA 65020-904, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Programme in Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIONORTE), CEUMA University, São Luís, MA 65075-120, Brazil
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Yan Y, Sun J, Ji K, Guo J, Han L, Li F, Sun Y. High incidence of the virus among respiratory pathogens in children with lower respiratory tract infection in northwestern China. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28367. [PMID: 36458544 PMCID: PMC9877598 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is one of the major reasons for childhood mortality that threaten the health of the public. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological pathogens and their infection analysis among children with LRTI. Sputum specimens were collected for polymerase chain reaction detection and microbiological tests to identify the viral infection and bacterial infection. The serological specimens were separated from venous blood using for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae detection. The virus was confirmed in 86.2% of the children. Human rhinovirus (38.3%), respiratory syncytial virus (32.1%), and parainfluenza virus type 3 (27.2%) were the most frequently identified pathogens. Patients with viral and bacterial coinfection showed younger age (p = 0.032), a higher proportion of wheezing rales (p = 0.032), three depressions sign (p = 0.028), and tachypnea (p = 0.038), and more likely associated with severe pneumonia (p = 0.035). Additionally, older children were more susceptible to viral-atypical bacterial coinfection (p = 0.032). Vomiting (p = 0.011) and fever (p = 0.003) were more likely to occur in children with viral-atypical bacterial coinfection. Attention should be paid to the virus infection of LRTI, as viral-bacterial coinfection and viral-atypical bacterial co-infection may have a detrimental impact on the gravity of LTRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical ScienceNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Jinhan Sun
- Department of Clinical MedicineNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Kai Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical ScienceNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical ScienceNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Lei Han
- Clinical Laboratory of Yinchuan Women and Children Healthcare HospitalYinchuanChina
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Yuning Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical ScienceNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
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Varela FH, Sartor ITS, Polese-Bonatto M, Azevedo TR, Kern LB, Fazolo T, de David CN, Zavaglia GO, Fernandes IR, Krauser JRM, Stein RT, Scotta MC. Rhinovirus as the main co-circulating virus during the COVID-19 pandemic in children. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2022; 98:579-586. [PMID: 35490727 PMCID: PMC9015957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Changes in the epidemiology of respiratory infections during the restrictions imposed as a response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have been reported elsewhere. The present study's aim was to describe the prevalence of a large array of respiratory pathogens in symptomatic children and adolescents during the pandemic in Southern Brazil. METHODS Hospitalized and outpatients aged 2 months to 18 years with signs and symptoms of acute COVID-19 were prospectively enrolled in the study from May to November 2020 in two hospitals in a large metropolitan area in a Brazilian city. All participants performed a real-time PCR panel assessing 20 respiratory pathogens (three bacteria and 17 viruses). RESULTS 436 participants were included, with 45 of these hospitalized. Rhinovirus was the most prevalent pathogen (216/436) followed by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, 97/436), with a coinfection of these two viruses occurring in 31/436 participants. The remaining pathogens were found in 24 symptomatic participants (adenovirus, n = 6; Chlamydophila pneumoniae, n = 1; coronavirus NL63, n = 2; human enterovirus, n = 7; human metapneumovirus, n = 2; Mycoplasma pneumoniae, n = 6). Hospitalization was more common among infants (p = 0.004) and those with pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION During the period of social distancing in response to COVID-19, the prevalence of most respiratory pathogens was unusually low. Rhinovirus remained as the main virus co-circulating with SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 in symptomatic children was less associated with hospitalization than with other respiratory infections in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Hammes Varela
- Social Responsibility, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Tiago Fazolo
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Renato T Stein
- Social Responsibility, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Comerlato Scotta
- Social Responsibility, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Perret C, Le Corre N, Castro-Rodriguez JA. Emergent Pneumonia in Children. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:676296. [PMID: 34222146 PMCID: PMC8247473 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.676296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades there have been multiple pathogens, viruses and bacteria, which have emerged as causal agents of pneumonia affecting adults, albeit less frequently, to children. For the purposes of this article we have classified emerging pathogens as follows: True emerging, to pathogens identified for the very first time affecting human population (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, avian influenza, and hantavirus); Re-emerging, to known pathogens which circulation was controlled once, but they have reappeared (measles, tuberculosis, antimicrobial resistant bacteria such as CA-MRSA, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and new serotypes of post-vaccine pneumococcal); and finally, those that we have called old known with new presentations, including common pathogens that, in particular condition, have changed their form of presentation (rhinovirus, and non-SARS coronavirus). We will review for each of them their epidemiology, forms of presentation, therapy, and prognosis in children compared to the adult with the aim of being able to recognize them to establish appropriate therapy, prognostics, and effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Perret
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Le Corre
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose A Castro-Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cardiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Martinez-Rodriguez C, Banos-Lara MDR. HMPV in Immunocompromised Patients: Frequency and Severity in Pediatric Oncology Patients. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9010051. [PMID: 31936721 PMCID: PMC7168653 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the first cause of death by disease in childhood globally. The most frequent types of cancers in children and adolescents are leukemias, followed by brain and central nervous system tumors and lymphomas. The recovery rate of cancer in children is around 80% in developed countries and up to 30% in developing countries. Some of the main causes of complications in children and adolescents with cancer are respiratory viral infections, mainly in bone marrow-transplanted patients. Respiratory viruses have been detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage or nasal wash specimens from cancer patients with or without respiratory illness symptoms. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is within the ten most common viruses that are encountered in samples from pediatric patients with underlying oncology conditions. In most of cases, HMPV is found as the only viral agent, but co-infection with other viruses or with bacterial agents has also been reported. The discrepancies between the most prevalent viral agents may be due to the different populations studied or the range of viral agents tested. Some of the cases of infection with HMPV in cancer patients have been fatal, especially in those who have received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. This review seeks to show a general view of the participation of HMPV in respiratory illness as a complication of cancer in childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Martinez-Rodriguez
- School of Medicine. Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Médicas y Humanísticas de Nayarit; Tepic 63190, Mexico;
| | - Ma. del Rocio Banos-Lara
- Centro de Investigación Oncológica Una Nueva Esperanza-Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla; Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, 21 sur #1103, Barrio de Santiago, Puebla 72410, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Ferreira HLDS, Costa KLP, Cariolano MS, Oliveira GS, Felipe KKP, Silva ESA, Alves MS, Maramaldo CEC, de Sousa EM, Rego JS, Silva ICPA, Albuquerque RKS, Araújo NSC, Amorim AMM, Costa LD, Pinheiro CS, Guimarães VA, Santos MC, Mello WA, Falcai A, Lima-Neto LG. High incidence of rhinovirus infection in children with community-acquired pneumonia from a city in the Brazilian pre-Amazon region. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1751-1758. [PMID: 31230362 PMCID: PMC7166869 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of child death worldwide. Viruses are the most common pathogens associated with CAP in children, but their incidence varies greatly. This study investigated the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, human rhinovirus (HRV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV‐OC43 and HCoV‐NL63), and influenza A virus (FluA) in children with CAP and the contributing risk factors. Here, children with acute respiratory infections were screened by pediatrics; and a total of 150 radiographically‐confirmed CAP patients (aged 3 months to 10 years) from two clinical centers in Sao Luis, Brazil were recruited. Patient's clinical and epidemiological data were recorded. Nasopharyngeal swab and tracheal aspirate samples were collected to extract viral nucleic acid. RSV, adenovirus, rhinovirus, FluA, HMPV, HCoV‐OC43, and HCoV‐NL63 were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The severe CAP was associated with ages between 3 and 12 months. Viruses were detected in 43% of CAP patients. Rhinovirus infections were the most frequently identified (68%). RSV, adenovirus, FluA, and coinfections were identified in 14%, 14%, 5%, and 15% of children with viral infection, respectively. Rhinovirus was associated with nonsevere CAP (P = .014); RSV, FluA, and coinfections were associated with severe CAP (P < .05). New strategies for prevention and treatment of viral respiratory infections, mainly rhinovirus and RSV infections, are necessary. This is the first study conducted in a city in the Brazilian pre‐Amazon region to identify viruses in children with CAP. Rhinovirus infections were the most frequently identified. RSV, adenovirus, FluA, and co‐infections were associated with severe CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gustavo S Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Karen K P Felipe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Elen S A Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Matheus S Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | | | - Eduardo M de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Joseany S Rego
- Complexo Hospitalar Materno Infantil do Maranhão Hospital Dr. Juvêncio Mattos Maternidade Benedito Leite, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Ilana C P A Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | | | | | - Angela M M Amorim
- Hospital da Criança Dr. Odorico de Amaral Matos, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Luciane D Costa
- Hospital da Criança Dr. Odorico de Amaral Matos, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | | | - Vinícius A Guimarães
- Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Mirleide C Santos
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil
| | - Wyller A Mello
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil
| | - Angela Falcai
- Mestrado em Meio Ambiente, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
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