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Patiño-Medina JA, Alejandre-Castañeda V, Valle-Maldonado MI, Martínez-Pacheco MM, Ruiz-Herrera LF, Ramírez-Emiliano J, Ramírez-Marroquín OA, Castro-Cerritos KV, Campos-García J, Ramírez-Díaz MI, Garre V, Binder U, Meza-Carmen V. Blood Serum Stimulates the Virulence Potential of Mucorales through Enhancement in Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism and Rhizoferrin Production. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1127. [PMID: 38132728 PMCID: PMC10744254 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the role of blood serum in enhancing the mitochondrial metabolism and virulence of Mucorales through rhizoferrin secretion. We observed that the spores of clinically relevant Mucorales produced in the presence of serum exhibited higher virulence in a heterologous infection model of Galleria mellonella. Cell-free supernatants of the culture broth obtained from spores produced in serum showed increased toxicity against Caenorhabditis elegans, which was linked with the enhanced secretion of rhizoferrin. Spores from Mucoralean species produced or germinated in serum showed increased respiration rates and reactive oxygen species levels. The addition of non-lethal concentrations of potassium cyanide and N-acetylcysteine during the aerobic or anaerobic growth of Mucorales decreased the toxicity of the cell-free supernatants of the culture broth, suggesting that mitochondrial metabolism is important for serum-induced virulence. In support of this hypothesis, a mutant strain of Mucor lusitanicus that lacks fermentation and solely relies on oxidative metabolism exhibited virulence levels comparable to those of the wild-type strain under serum-induced conditions. Contrary to the lower virulence observed, even in the serum, the ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 deletion strain exhibited decreased mitochondrial activity. Moreover, spores produced in the serum of M. lusitanicus and Rhizopus arrhizus that grew in the presence of a mitophagy inducer showed low virulence. These results suggest that serum-induced mitochondrial activity increases rhizoferrin levels, making Mucorales more virulent.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto Patiño-Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (J.A.P.-M.); (V.A.-C.); (M.M.M.-P.); (L.F.R.-H.); (J.C.-G.); (M.I.R.-D.)
| | - Viridiana Alejandre-Castañeda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (J.A.P.-M.); (V.A.-C.); (M.M.M.-P.); (L.F.R.-H.); (J.C.-G.); (M.I.R.-D.)
| | | | - Mauro Manuel Martínez-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (J.A.P.-M.); (V.A.-C.); (M.M.M.-P.); (L.F.R.-H.); (J.C.-G.); (M.I.R.-D.)
| | - León Francisco Ruiz-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (J.A.P.-M.); (V.A.-C.); (M.M.M.-P.); (L.F.R.-H.); (J.C.-G.); (M.I.R.-D.)
| | | | | | | | - Jesús Campos-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (J.A.P.-M.); (V.A.-C.); (M.M.M.-P.); (L.F.R.-H.); (J.C.-G.); (M.I.R.-D.)
| | - Martha Isela Ramírez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (J.A.P.-M.); (V.A.-C.); (M.M.M.-P.); (L.F.R.-H.); (J.C.-G.); (M.I.R.-D.)
| | - Victoriano Garre
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Ulrike Binder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Víctor Meza-Carmen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (J.A.P.-M.); (V.A.-C.); (M.M.M.-P.); (L.F.R.-H.); (J.C.-G.); (M.I.R.-D.)
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Mainas G, Nibali L, Ide M, Mahmeed WA, Al-Rasadi K, Al-Alawi K, Banach M, Banerjee Y, Ceriello A, Cesur M, Cosentino F, Firenze A, Galia M, Goh SY, Janež A, Kalra S, Kapoor N, Kempler P, Lessan N, Lotufo P, Papanas N, Rizvi AA, Sahebkar A, Santos RD, Stoian AP, Toth PP, Viswanathan V, Rizzo M. Associations between Periodontitis, COVID-19, and Cardiometabolic Complications: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence. Metabolites 2022; 13:40. [PMID: 36676965 PMCID: PMC9865290 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a microbially driven, host-mediated disease that leads to loss of periodontal attachment and resorption of bone. It is associated with the elevation of systemic inflammatory markers and with the presence of systemic comorbidities. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the majority of patients have mild symptoms, others experience important complications that can lead to death. After the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, several investigations demonstrating the possible relationship between periodontitis and COVID-19 have been reported. In addition, both periodontal disease and COVID-19 seem to provoke and/or impair several cardiometabolic complications such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and neurological and neuropsychiatric complications. Therefore, due to the increasing number of investigations focusing on the periodontitis-COVID-19 relationship and considering the severe complications that such an association might cause, this review aims to summarize all existing emerging evidence regarding the link between the periodontitis-COVID-19 axis and consequent cardiometabolic impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mainas
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mark Ide
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Wael Al Mahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112412, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalid Al-Rasadi
- Medical Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 113, Oman
| | - Kamila Al-Alawi
- Department of Training and Studies, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat 113, Oman
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), 90419 Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93338 Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, 65417 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Yajnavalka Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Bin Rashid University, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mustafa Cesur
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Ankara Güven Hospital, 06540 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, University of Stockholm, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Firenze
- Unit of Research and International Cooperation, University Hospital of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Galia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bind), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Su-Yen Goh
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Andrej Janež
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital & BRIDE, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Peter Kempler
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nader Lessan
- The Research Institute, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 48338, United Arab Emirates
| | - Paulo Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Center, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ali A. Rizvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 1313199137, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 1313199137, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 1313199137, Iran
| | - Raul D. Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor) University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Anca P. Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Peter P. Toth
- Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Huang SF, Ying-Jung Wu A, Shin-Jung Lee S, Huang YS, Lee CY, Yang TL, Wang HW, Chen HJ, Chen YC, Ho TS, Kuo CF, Lin YT. COVID-19 associated mold infections: Review of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis and mucormycosis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2022:S1684-1182(22)00285-7. [PMID: 36586744 PMCID: PMC9751001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19-associated mold infection (CAMI) is defined as development of mold infections in COVID-19 patients. Co-pathogenesis of viral and fungal infections include the disruption of tissue barrier following SARS CoV-2 infection with the damage in the alveolar space, respiratory epithelium and endothelium injury and overwhelming inflammation and immune dysregulation during severe COVID-19. Other predisposing risk factors permissive to fungal infections during COVID-19 include the administration of immune modulators such as corticosteroids and IL-6 antagonist. COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) and COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) is increasingly reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. CAPA usually developed within the first month of COVID infection, and CAM frequently arose 10-15 days post diagnosis of COVID-19. Diagnosis is challenging and often indistinguishable during the cytokine storm in COVID-19, and several diagnostic criteria have been proposed. Development of CAPA and CAM is associated with a high mortality despiteappropriate anti-mold therapy. Both isavuconazole and amphotericin B can be used for treatment of CAPA and CAM; voriconazole is the primary agent for CAPA and posaconazole is an alternative for CAM. Aggressive surgery is recommended for CAM to improve patient survival. A high index of suspicion and timely and appropriate treatment is crucial to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiang-Fen Huang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,School of Internal Medicine, National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alice Ying-Jung Wu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shin-Jung Lee
- School of Internal Medicine, National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan,Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yuan Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Liang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho- Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung Jui Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi Ching Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan,College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Pediatrics, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Kuo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan,Corresponding author
| | - Yi-Tsung Lin
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan,Corresponding author
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Amponsah SK, Tagoe B, Adams I, Bugyei KA. Efficacy and safety profile of corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in COVID-19 management: A narrative review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1063246. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1063246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the fact that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still prevalent, and current reports show that some parts of the world have seen increase in incidence, it is relevant that health professionals and scientists know about recent or novel trends, especially drug treatments. Additionally, the safety profiles of these drug treatments need to be documented and shared with the public. Some studies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment. On the contrary, others have also reported that NSAIDs and corticosteroids may worsen symptoms associated with COVID-19. While some researchers have suggested that corticosteroids may be helpful if used in the early stages of COVID-19, there are still some conflicting findings regarding the use of corticosteroids in certain viral infections. Our review suggests that methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, and ibuprofen have therapeutic potential in reducing mortality due to COVID-19 among hospitalized patients. This review also highlights the fact that the use of NSAIDs is not associated with adverse outcomes of COVID-19. In reality, evidence suggests that NSAIDs do not increase the risk of COVID-19 infections. Also, the literature reviewed suggests that corticosteroid treatment in COVID-19 was linked with a decrease in all-cause mortality and disease progression, without increase in adverse events when compared to no corticosteroid treatment.
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Moleiro AF, Cunha AM, Vilares-Morgado R, Cruz AJ, Almeida AI, Peixoto F, Falcão-Reis F, Meira J, Leal V. Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis After COVID-19 Recovery: A Case Report. Int Med Case Rep J 2022; 15:579-586. [PMID: 36267194 PMCID: PMC9578500 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s379078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains a health care concern, despite vaccination programs. Mucormycosis, especially rhino-orbital-mucormycosis, has been described as a severe complication of COVID-19. Although it has been described mostly in India and other developing countries, few cases in the western world have also been described. We present a case of rhino-orbito-mucormycosis after recovery from severe COVID-19 in Portugal. A 75-year-old diabetic and obese man presented with right proptosis associated with right eye pain and low vision one month after recovery from severe COVID-19. Considering the most probable etiology for this clinical picture, anti-fungal therapy with liposomal amphotericin B was promptly initiated, followed by endoscopic sinus debridement. However, due to persistent and progressive infection, and after a multidisciplinary revision of the case, orbital exenteration was performed. One year after surgery, the patient is stable, without clinical or imagological signs of relapse of the disease. Although the evolution of the pandemic, along with vaccination programs, led to a lower incidence of severe COVID-19 disease, there are still patients presenting with severe COVID-19, requiring intensive care and at risk for serious complications. This case illustrates the importance of being aware of the development of post-COVID-19 mucormycosis and the need for close surveillance of patients recovering from severe COVID-19. COVID-19 prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary approach are essential for a timely intervention achieving better survival while minimizing morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Moleiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal,Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Correspondence: Ana Filipa Moleiro, Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal, Tel +351 915689259, Email
| | - Ana Maria Cunha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Vilares-Morgado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal,Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António José Cruz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Almeida
- Department of Neuroradiology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Peixoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Falcão-Reis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal,Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Meira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Leal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
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Letter: Spectrum of hospitalized NeuroCOVID diagnoses from a tertiary care neurology centre in Eastern India. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 96:227-228. [PMID: 35000765 PMCID: PMC8733856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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