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Vázquez-Lorente H, Herrera-Quintana L, Jiménez-Sánchez L, Fernández-Perea B, Plaza-Diaz J. Antioxidant Functions of Vitamin D and CYP11A1-Derived Vitamin D, Tachysterol, and Lumisterol Metabolites: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Future Directions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:996. [PMID: 39199241 PMCID: PMC11351441 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence is increasing that vitamin D and CYP11A1-derived vitamin D, tachysterol, and lumisterol metabolites play a significant antioxidant role beyond its classical functions in bone health and calcium metabolism. Several recent studies have linked these elements to reduced oxidative stress as well as improved immune, cardiovascular, and neurological functions as a result of chronic kidney disease and cancer. Additionally, supplementation with this vitamin has been shown to be one of the most cost-effective micronutrient interventions worldwide, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic approach. The underlying mechanisms and implications of this antioxidant function of vitamin D or CYP11A1-derived vitamin D, tachysterol, and lumisterol metabolites are not well understood. This comprehensive and narrative review is aimed at summarizing the current evidence regarding the molecular mechanisms implicated in this antioxidant function of vitamin D, as well as to provide a general overview and to identify key research areas for the future, offering an extensive perspective that can guide both researchers and clinicians in the management of diseases associated with oxidative stress and/or insufficient vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Vázquez-Lorente
- Department of Physiology, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.V.-L.); (L.H.-Q.); (L.J.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Herrera-Quintana
- Department of Physiology, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.V.-L.); (L.H.-Q.); (L.J.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Jiménez-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.V.-L.); (L.H.-Q.); (L.J.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Perea
- Immunology and Clinical Analysis Service, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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Chu J, Hua L, Liu X, Xiong H, Jiang F, Zhou W, Wang L, Xue G. Superoxide dismutase alterations in COVID-19: implications for disease severity and mortality prediction in the context of omicron variant infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362102. [PMID: 38464514 PMCID: PMC10921560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the few reports to date, the changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD), a key factor in cellular protection against superoxide, in COVID-19 have been very inconsistent and contradictory. There is also a lack of data on COVID-19 induced by Omicron variant. Further investigation is warranted to figure out SOD alterations in COVID-19, particularly within the context of ongoing Omicron variant infection, which may provide clues to its role within COVID-19 pathogenesis and open up new avenues for COVID-19 treatment. Methods SOD activity in 109 COVID-19 patients (including 46 severe cases and 63 mild to moderate cases) and 30 matched healthy controls were quantified. Demographic data, blood cell counts, biochemical indicators, coagulation indicators, and inflammatory markers were also recorded. Results SOD, an important key node, experienced a significant decrease in COVID-19, with the severe patients exhibiting lower activity compared to the mild to moderate patients and control healthy. Notably, severe patients who deceased had the lowest SOD activity. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between SOD and inflammatory markers, organ injury markers, coagulation dysfunction indicators, nutritional markers, and lymphocytes counts. The ROC curve also showed good performance for the differentiation of severe cases and the prediction of death. Conclusion SOD activity was significantly decreased in COVID-19 infected with Omicron variant and significantly correlated with systemic changes, and could be used as a biomarker to assess disease severity and predict mortality in COVID-19 clinical pathway management. Additionally, this finding will contribute to exploring new potential direction for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshen Chu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No.1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Lin Hua
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No.1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No.1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Huomei Xiong
- Department of Microbiology, Jiujiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiujiang, China
| | - Fangtinghui Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No.1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No.1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No.1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Guohui Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No.1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
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Szarpak L, Feduniw S, Pruc M, Ciebiera M, Cander B, Rahnama-Hezavah M, Szarpak Ł. The Vitamin D Serum Levels in Pregnant Women Affected by COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112588. [PMID: 37299555 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D can modulate immune responses, and its deficiency is linked to increased autoimmunity and susceptibility to infection. In the general population, it has been observed that serum vitamin D levels are connected with the risk of COVID-19 and its severity. Our study aims to examine reported findings on the effect of vitamin D serum levels on infection of COVID-19 during pregnancy. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies. Serum vitamin D serum levels in COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative pregnant women were 24.61 ± 20.86 ng/mL and 24.12 ± 17.33 ng/mL, respectively. In mild vs. moderate to critical COVID-19 pregnant women, vitamin D serum levels were 16.71 ± 9.04 ng/mL vs. 10.7 ± 9.37 ng/mL and severe vs. non-severe were 13.21 ± 11.47 ng/mL vs. 15.76 ± 10.0 ng/mL. Only one study reported vitamin D serum levels in the placenta of COVID-19-positive pregnant women compared with the control and results varied and amounted to 14.06 ± 0.51 ng/mL vs. 12.45 ± 0.58 ng/mL, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency tends to be common in pregnant women who have COVID-19, and the level of this vitamin has been demonstrated to have a strong correlation with the severity of the illness. As vitamin D serum levels correlate with COVID-19 symptoms and even with its occurrence, appropriate vitamin D supplementation in the prenatal period is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Szarpak
- Research Unit, Polish Society of Disaster Medicine, 05-806 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stepan Feduniw
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Pruc
- Research Unit, Polish Society of Disaster Medicine, 05-806 Warsaw, Poland
- Research Unit, International Academy of Ecology and Medicine, 02091 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Michal Ciebiera
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-189 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Basar Cander
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mansur Rahnama-Hezavah
- Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szarpak
- Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Research Unit, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Bialystok Oncology Center, 15-027 Bialystok, Poland
- Institute of Outcomes Research, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, 00-136 Warsaw, Poland
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Attini R, Laudani ME, Versino E, Massaro A, Pagano A, Petey F, Revelli A, Masturzo B. COVID-19 in Pregnancy: Influence of Body Weight and Nutritional Status on Maternal and Pregnancy Outcomes-A Review of Literature and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:1052. [PMID: 36839410 PMCID: PMC9962478 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two and a half years, COVID-19 has been one of the most challenging public health issues worldwide. Based on the available evidence, pregnant women do not appear to be more susceptible to infection than the general population but having COVID-19 during pregnancy may increase the risk of major complications for both the mother and the fetus. The aim of this study is to identify the correlation between BMI and nutritional status and the likelihood of contracting COVID-19 infection in pregnancy, its severity, and maternal pregnancy outcomes. We carry out a systematic literature search and a meta-analysis using three databases following the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration. We include 45 studies about COVID-19-positive pregnant women. Compared with normal-weight pregnant women with COVID-19, obesity is associated with a more severe infection (OR = 2.32 [1.65-3.25]), increased maternal death (OR = 2.84 [2.01-4.02]), and a higher rate of hospital admission (OR = 2.11 [1.37-3.26]). Obesity may be associated with adverse maternal and pregnancy outcomes by increasing symptom severity and, consequently, hospital and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and, finally, death rates. For micronutrients, the results are less definite, even if there seems to be a lower level of micronutrients, in particular Vitamin D, in COVID-19-positive pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Attini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology SC2U, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Sant’Anna Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Laudani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology SC2U, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Sant’Anna Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Versino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy
- Centre for Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health (C-BEPH), 10100 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Massaro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology SC1U, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Sant’Anna Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Arianna Pagano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology SC2U, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Sant’Anna Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Petey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology SC2U, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Sant’Anna Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Revelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology SC2U, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Sant’Anna Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Bianca Masturzo
- Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Infant Medicine, University Hospital “Degli Infermi”, 13875 Ponderano, Italy
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Vásquez-Procopio J, Torres-Torres J, Borboa-Olivares H, Sosa SEY, Martínez-Portilla RJ, Solis-Paredes M, Tolentino-Dolores MC, Helguera-Repetto AC, Marrufo-Gallegos KC, Missirlis F, Perichart-Perera O, Estrada-Gutierrez G. Association between 25-OH Vitamin D Deficiency and COVID-19 Severity in Pregnant Women. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15188. [PMID: 36499537 PMCID: PMC9735729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from studies in the general population suggests an association between vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency and COVID-19 susceptibility and disease severity. The present study was performed on 165 third-trimester pregnant women at the time of delivery. Seventy-nine women tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. From 86 women testing positive, 32 were asymptomatic, 44 presented a mild form of the disease, and 10 experienced severe symptoms. Serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were measured on blood samples collected on admission. Low vitamin D levels were detected in symptomatic but not asymptomatic COVID-19 patients compared to healthy women (p = 0.0227). In addition, 20 (45.4%) pregnant women in the mild COVID-19 group and 6 (60%) in the severe group were vitamin D deficient (p = 0.030). On the other hand, lasso regression analysis showed that 25-OH vitamin D deficiency is an independent predictor of severe COVID-19 with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.81 (95% CI: 1.108-30.541; p = 0.037). These results show the relationship between vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and the severity of COVID-19 infection and support the recommendation to supplement with vitamin D to avoid worse COVID-19 outcomes during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Vásquez-Procopio
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Johnatan Torres-Torres
- Clinical Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Hector Borboa-Olivares
- Community Interventions Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Salvador Espino Y Sosa
- Clinical Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | | | - Mario Solis-Paredes
- Clinical Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Mari-Cruz Tolentino-Dolores
- Coordination of Nutrition and Bioprogramming, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | | | | | - Fanis Missirlis
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Otilia Perichart-Perera
- Coordination of Nutrition and Bioprogramming, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
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Serum vitamin D levels and COVID-19 during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:120-127. [PMID: 36184196 PMCID: PMC9461277 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Serum vitamin D levels are reported to be associated with the risk of incidence and severity of COVID-19 in the general population. During pregnancy, immune system alterations in line with changes in vitamin D metabolism may affect the course of COVID-19. Thus, we aimed to systematically review the association between vitamin D, pregnancy, and COVID-19. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar until the end of May 2022. Mean differences (MD) with 95% CI were used as desired effect sizes to assess the association of serum vitamin D levels with the risk of incidence and severity of COVID-19 in pregnant women. Results Among 259 records, 7 and 6 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. All included studies had acceptable quality. Our results demonstrated an insignificant difference between infected women and non-infected controls (MD = -2.55 ng/ml, 95% CI: −6.85 – 1.74). But serum vitamin D levels in severe/moderate cases compared to mild ones (MD = −2.71 ng/ml, 95% CI: −4.18 to −1.24) are significantly lower. Conclusion Based on the current evidence, serum vitamin D level does not associate with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant women, but we find a significant association with the severity of the disease. These findings may be helpful in similar conditions and future studies to better understand the complex immune alterations during pregnancy.
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Manca A, Cosma S, Palermiti A, Costanzo M, Antonucci M, De Vivo ED, Ianniello A, Borella F, Carosso AR, Corcione S, De Rosa FG, Benedetto C, D’Avolio A, Cusato J. Pregnancy and COVID-19: The Possible Contribution of Vitamin D. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163275. [PMID: 36014781 PMCID: PMC9414046 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the severity of COVID-19. The role of vitamin D in pregnant women with COVID-19 has been poorly investigated to date. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of vitamin D in affecting some clinical features in pregnancy between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients. Methods: Vitamin D pathway related polymorphisms and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were quantified in pregnant women followed from the first to the third trimester of pregnancy. Vitamin D deficiency was considered with values ≤ 30 ng/mL. Results: In total, 160 women were enrolled: 23 resulted positive for at least one SARS-CoV-2 related test (molecular swab or antibody tests). Vitamin D-associated polymorphisms were able to affect vitamin D levels in SARS-CoV-2 negative and positive subjects: remarkably, all the VDR TaqICC genotype patients were negative for SARS-CoV-2. In a sub-population (118 patients), vitamin D levels correlated with pregnancy-related factors, such as alpha-fetoprotein levels. Third-trimester vitamin D levels were lower in preterm births compared to full-term pregnancy: this trend was highlighted for SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Conclusions: This is the first study demonstrating a role of vitamin D in affecting the clinical characteristics of pregnant women during the COVID-19 era. Further studies in larger and different cohorts of patients are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Manca
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.C.); Tel.: +39-011-4393867 (J.C.); Fax: +39-011-4393996 (J.C.)
| | - Stefano Cosma
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant’Anna Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alice Palermiti
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Costanzo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Miriam Antonucci
- ASL Città di Torino, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Delia De Vivo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Alice Ianniello
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Fulvio Borella
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant’Anna Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Roberto Carosso
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant’Anna Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Corcione
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant’Anna Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio D’Avolio
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Jessica Cusato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.C.); Tel.: +39-011-4393867 (J.C.); Fax: +39-011-4393996 (J.C.)
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Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Their Association with Mortality among Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1058813. [PMID: 35746958 PMCID: PMC9210126 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1058813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Activation of the immune system response is associated with the generation of oxidative stress (OS). Several alterations are involved in OS, such as excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased antioxidant activity, which together lead to an imbalance in redox status. The role of OS during SARS-CoV-2 infection is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine OS biomarkers and assess their usefulness as a predictor of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods Baseline characteristics and serum samples were collected from hospitalized COVID-19 patients and compared with healthy controls. The serum OS biomarkers, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were assessed by spectrophotometric and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) methods, respectively. Results A total of 152 individuals were analyzed (COVID-19 patients vs. healthy controls). Compared with healthy controls (n = 76), patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (n = 76) presented higher levels of MDA (p < 0.001) and decreased TAC (p < 0.001). A total of 37 (49%) patients with COVID-19 died. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) estimated that the combination of the OS biomarkers (MDA+TAC) (AUC = 0.6394, p = 0.037) was a significant predictor of mortality. A higher level of MDA was associated with mortality (HR, 1.05, 95% CI, 1.00-1.10, p = 0.045). Conclusion This study concludes that OS is increased in patients with COVID-19 and is associated with mortality. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the expression of OS biomarkers and their association with mortality among the Mexican population.
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Grudlewska-Buda K, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Budzyńska A, Kwiecińska-Piróg J, Przekwas J, Kijewska A, Sabiniarz D, Gospodarek-Komkowska E, Skowron K. The Variable Nature of Vitamin C—Does It Help When Dealing with Coronavirus? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071247. [PMID: 35883738 PMCID: PMC9312329 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still spreading worldwide. For this reason, new treatment methods are constantly being researched. Consequently, new and already-known preparations are being investigated to potentially reduce the severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute serum biomarkers in the host organism. In addition to antiviral drugs, there are other substances being used in the treatment of COVID-19, e.g., those with antioxidant properties, such as vitamin C (VC). Exciting aspects of the use of VC in antiviral therapy are its antioxidant and pro-oxidative abilities. In this review, we summarized both the positive effects of using VC in treating infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 in the light of the available research. We have tried to answer the question as to whether the use of high doses of VC brings the expected benefits in the treatment of COVID-19 and whether such treatment is the correct therapeutic choice. Each case requires individual assessment to determine whether the positives outweigh the negatives, especially in the light of populational studies concerning the genetic differentiation of genes encoding the solute carriers responsible forVC adsorption. Few data are available on the influence of VC on the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Deducing from already-published data, high-dose intravenous vitamin C (HDIVC) does not significantly lower the mortality or length of hospitalization. However, some data prove, among other things, its impact on the serum levels of inflammatory markers. Finally, the non-positive effect of VC administration is mainly neutral, but the negative effect is that it can result in urinary stones or nephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Anna Budzyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Jana Przekwas
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Kijewska
- Department of Immunobiology and Environmental Biology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | | | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(52)-585-38-38
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