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Simard M, Mélançon K, Berthiaume L, Tremblay C, Pshevorskiy L, Julien P, Rajput AH, Rajput A, Calon F. Postmortem Fatty Acid Abnormalities in the Cerebellum of Patients with Essential Tremor. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01736-4. [PMID: 39215908 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acids play many critical roles in brain function but have not been investigated in essential tremor (ET), a frequent movement disorder suspected to involve cerebellar dysfunction. Here, we report a postmortem comparative analysis of fatty acid profiles by gas chromatography in the cerebellar cortex from ET patients (n = 15), Parkinson's disease (PD) patients (n = 15) and Controls (n = 17). Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI)/ phosphatidylserine (PS) were separated by thin-layer chromatography and analyzed separately. First, the total amounts of fatty acids retrieved from the cerebellar cortex were lower in ET patients compared with PD patients, including monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The diagnosis of ET was associated with lower cerebellar levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and PUFA (DHA and ARA) in the PE fraction specifically, but with a higher relative content of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA; 20:3 ω-6) in the PC fraction. In contrast, a diagnosis of PD was associated with higher absolute concentrations of SFA, MUFA and ω-6 PUFA in the PI + PS fractions. However, relative PI + PS contents of ω-6 PUFA were lower in both PD and ET patients. Finally, linear regression analyses showed that the ω-3:ω-6 PUFA ratio was positively associated with age of death, but inversely associated with insoluble α-synuclein. Although it remains unclear how these FA changes in the cerebellum are implicated in ET or PD pathophysiology, they may be related to an ongoing neurodegenerative process or to dietary intake differences. The present findings provide a window of opportunity for lipid-based therapeutic nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Simard
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Koralie Mélançon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Room T-2-67 (CHUL) 2705 boul. Laurier, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Line Berthiaume
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Room T-2-67 (CHUL) 2705 boul. Laurier, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Laura Pshevorskiy
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Room T-2-67 (CHUL) 2705 boul. Laurier, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ali H Rajput
- Division of Neurology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neurology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Room T-2-67 (CHUL) 2705 boul. Laurier, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Akhgari A, Michel TM, Vafaee MS. Dendritic spines and their role in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:489-502. [PMID: 38440811 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Since Cajal introduced dendritic spines in the 19th century, they have attained considerable attention, especially in neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders. Multiple roles of dendritic spine malfunction and pathology in the progression of various diseases have been reported. Thus, it is inevitable to consider these structures as new therapeutic targets for treating neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, dementia, Down syndrome, etc. Therefore, we attempted to prepare a narrative review of the literature regarding the role of dendritic spines in the pathogenesis of aforementioned diseases and to shed new light on their pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisan Akhgari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Tanja Maria Michel
- Research Unit for Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense 5000, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Manouchehr Seyedi Vafaee
- Research Unit for Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense 5000, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense 5230, Denmark
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Valentin-Escalera J, Leclerc M, Calon F. High-Fat Diets in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: How Can Eating Too Much Fat Increase Alzheimer's Disease Risk? J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:977-1005. [PMID: 38217592 PMCID: PMC10836579 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
High dietary intake of saturated fatty acids is a suspected risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). To decipher the causal link behind these associations, high-fat diets (HFD) have been repeatedly investigated in animal models. Preclinical studies allow full control over dietary composition, avoiding ethical concerns in clinical trials. The goal of the present article is to provide a narrative review of reports on HFD in animal models of AD. Eligibility criteria included mouse models of AD fed a HFD defined as > 35% of fat/weight and western diets containing > 1% cholesterol or > 15% sugar. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from 1946 to August 2022, and 32 preclinical studies were included in the review. HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance have been replicated in most studies, but with methodological variability. Most studies have found an aggravating effect of HFD on brain Aβ pathology, whereas tau pathology has been much less studied, and results are more equivocal. While most reports show HFD-induced impairment on cognitive behavior, confounding factors may blur their interpretation. In summary, despite conflicting results, exposing rodents to diets highly enriched in saturated fat induces not only metabolic defects, but also cognitive impairment often accompanied by aggravated neuropathological markers, most notably Aβ burden. Although there are important variations between methods, particularly the lack of diet characterization, these studies collectively suggest that excessive intake of saturated fat should be avoided in order to lower the incidence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Valentin-Escalera
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
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Kajita Y, Kojima N, Shirao T. A lack of drebrin causes olfactory impairment. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3354. [PMID: 38376048 PMCID: PMC10757890 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Olfactory deficit often occurs during the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although olfactory deficit is a useful measure for screening AD-related amnestic disorder, little is known about the cause of this deficit. Human and animal studies indicate that loss of the actin binding protein, drebrin, is closely related to cognitive dysfunction in AD. We hypothesized that the olfactory deficit in AD is caused by the loss of drebrin from the spine. METHODS To verify this hypothesis, we performed the buried food test in two types of drebrin knockout mice, such as drebrin-double (E and A) knockout (DXKO) mice, and drebrin A-specific knockout (DAKO) mice. RESULTS The DXKO mice spent a significantly longer time to find food compared with the wild-type (WT) littermates. In contrast, the DAKO mice, in which drebrin E rather than drebrin A is expressed in the postsynaptic sites of mature neurons, spent an equivalent time trying to find food compared to that of the WT. The DXKO mice showed comparable food motivation and sensory functions other than olfaction, including visual and auditory functions. CONCLUSION These results indicate that drebrin is necessary for normal olfactory function. Further study is needed to determine whether it is necessary for normal olfaction to express drebrin E during the developmental stage or to have drebrin (whether E or A) present after maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kajita
- Department of Neurobiology & BehaviorGunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiGunmaJapan
| | - Nobuhiko Kojima
- Department of Neurobiology & BehaviorGunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiGunmaJapan
- Faculty of Life SciencesToyo UniversityOra‐gunGunmaJapan
| | - Tomoaki Shirao
- Department of Neurobiology & BehaviorGunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiGunmaJapan
- AlzMed, Inc., UT South Building, Entrepreneurs LaboratoryBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
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Landry O, François A, Oye Mintsa Mi-Mba MF, Traversy MT, Tremblay C, Emond V, Bennett DA, Gylys KH, Buxbaum JD, Calon F. Postsynaptic Protein Shank3a Deficiency Synergizes with Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology to Impair Cognitive Performance in the 3xTg-AD Murine Model. J Neurosci 2023; 43:4941-4954. [PMID: 37253603 PMCID: PMC10312061 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1945-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic loss is intrinsically linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology and symptoms, but its direct impact on clinical symptoms remains elusive. The postsynaptic protein Shank3 (SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains) is of particular interest, as the loss of a single allele of the SHANK3 gene is sufficient to cause profound cognitive symptoms in children. We thus sought to determine whether a SHANK3 deficiency could contribute to the emergence or worsening of AD symptoms and neuropathology. We first found a 30%-50% postmortem loss of SHANK3a associated with cognitive decline in the parietal cortex of individuals with AD. To further probe the role of SHANK3 in AD, we crossed male and female 3xTg-AD mice modelling Aβ and tau pathologies with Shank3a-deficient mice (Shank3Δex4-9). We observed synergistic deleterious effects of Shank3a deficiency and AD neuropathology on object recognition memory at 9, 12, and 18 months of age and on anxious behavior at 9 and 12 months of age in hemizygous Shank3Δex4-9-3xTg-AD mice. In addition to the expected 50% loss of Shank3a, levels of other synaptic proteins, such as PSD-95, drebrin, and homer1, remained unchanged in the parietotemporal cortex of hemizygous Shank3Δex4-9 animals. However, Shank3a deficiency increased the levels of soluble Aβ42 and human tau at 18 months of age compared with 3xTg-AD mice with normal Shank3 expression. The results of this study in human brain samples and in transgenic mice are consistent with the hypothesis that Shank3 deficiency makes a key contribution to cognitive impairment in AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although the loss of several synaptic proteins has been described in Alzheimer's disease (AD), it remains unclear whether their reduction contributes to clinical symptoms. The results of this study in human samples show lower levels of SHANK3a in AD brain, correlating with cognitive decline. Data gathered in a novel transgenic mouse suggest that Shank3a deficiency synergizes with AD neuropathology to induce cognitive impairment, consistent with a causal role in AD. Therefore, treatment aiming at preserving Shank3 in the aging brain may be beneficial to prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Landry
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arnaud François
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Quebec, Canada
| | - Méryl-Farelle Oye Mintsa Mi-Mba
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Therese Traversy
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Emond
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Quebec, Canada
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Karen H Gylys
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, New York
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Quebec, Canada
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Novoa C, Salazar P, Cisternas P, Gherardelli C, Vera-Salazar R, Zolezzi JM, Inestrosa NC. Inflammation context in Alzheimer's disease, a relationship intricate to define. Biol Res 2022; 55:39. [PMID: 36550479 PMCID: PMC9784299 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein aggregates. Importantly, Aβ and tau species are able to activate astrocytes and microglia, which release several proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), together with reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), triggering neuroinflammation. However, this inflammatory response has a dual function: it can play a protective role by increasing Aβ degradation and clearance, but it can also contribute to Aβ and tau overproduction and induce neurodegeneration and synaptic loss. Due to the significant role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of AD, several inflammatory mediators have been proposed as AD markers, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, Iba-1, GFAP, NF-κB, TLR2, and MHCII. Importantly, the use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as NSAIDs has emerged as a potential treatment against AD. Moreover, diseases related to systemic or local inflammation, including infections, cerebrovascular accidents, and obesity, have been proposed as risk factors for the development of AD. In the following review, we focus on key inflammatory processes associated with AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Novoa
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda Bernardo O’Higgins 340, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Salazar
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda Bernardo O’Higgins 340, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Cisternas
- grid.499370.00000 0004 6481 8274Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Camila Gherardelli
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda Bernardo O’Higgins 340, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Vera-Salazar
- grid.412179.80000 0001 2191 5013Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan M. Zolezzi
- grid.442242.60000 0001 2287 1761Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C. Inestrosa
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda Bernardo O’Higgins 340, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile ,grid.442242.60000 0001 2287 1761Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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Aumont E, Tremblay C, Levert S, Bennett DA, Calon F, Leclerc N. Evidence of Filamin A loss of solubility at the prodromal stage of neuropathologically-defined Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1038343. [PMID: 36506473 PMCID: PMC9730531 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1038343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder diagnosed through the assessment of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau protein depositions. Filamin A (FLNA) could be a key partner of both Aβ and tau pathological processes and may be an important contributor to AD progression. The main aim of this study was to describe the differences in FLNA levels across clinicopathologic groups. Methods From parietal cortex samples of 57 individuals (19 with no cognitive impairment (NCI), 19 mild cognitively impaired (MCI) and 19 with dementia) from the Religious Orders Study (ROS), we quantified total tau, phosphorylated tau (pTau), FLNA, synaptophysin, vesicular acetylcholine transporters (VAChT) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) by Western blot. Aβ42 and neuritic plaques (NP) were quantified by ELISA and Bielschowsky silver impregnation, respectively. AD staging was determined using ABC method combining Thal, Braak and the CERAD staging. From this, clinicopathologic stages of AD were established by subdividing subjects with neuropathological AD between preclinical AD, prodromal AD and AD dementia (ADD). Receiver operating characteristics analyses were performed to predict AD neuropathology from FLNA quantifications. Results Insoluble FLNA was significantly and positively correlated with Aβ42, NP, Thal stages, ABC scores and AD clinicopathologic stages (p < 0.05 False discovery rate-corrected). No correlation of FLNA with tau measures was found. Insoluble FLNA levels were significantly higher in the prodromal AD, ADD and intermediate ABC groups. This was consistent with significantly lower levels of soluble FLNA specifically in prodromal AD. Insoluble (AUC: 0.830) and soluble FLNA levels (AUC: 0.830) as well as the ratio of soluble over insoluble FLNA (AUC: 0.852), were excellent predictors of prodromal AD among subjects with MCI from the ROS cohort. Discussion We observed opposite level changes between insoluble and soluble FLNA in prodromal AD. As this stage coincides with the appearance of cognitive symptoms, this may be a key event in the transition from preclinical to prodromal AD. Insoluble FLNA could be useful to identify prodromal AD among subjects with an MCI, indicating that it might be a hallmark of prodromal AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Aumont
- Département de psychologie de l’Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Faculté de pharmacie de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Levert
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de neurosciences Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicole Leclerc
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de neurosciences Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Tournissac M, Vu TM, Vrabic N, Hozer C, Tremblay C, Mélançon K, Planel E, Pifferi F, Calon F. Repurposing beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonists for Alzheimer's disease: beneficial effects in a mouse model. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:103. [PMID: 34020681 PMCID: PMC8140479 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00842-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Old age, the most important risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is associated with thermoregulatory deficits. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the main thermogenic driver in mammals and its stimulation, through β3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR) agonists or cold acclimation, counteracts metabolic deficits in rodents and humans. Studies in animal models show that AD neuropathology leads to thermoregulatory deficits, and cold-induced tau hyperphosphorylation is prevented by BAT stimulation through cold acclimation. Since metabolic disorders and AD share strong pathogenic links, we hypothesized that BAT stimulation through a β3AR agonist could exert benefits in AD as well. Methods CL-316,243, a specific β3AR agonist, was administered to the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) and non-transgenic controls from 15 to 16 months of age at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day i.p. Results Here, we show that β3AR agonist administration decreased body weight and improved peripheral glucose metabolism and BAT thermogenesis in both non-transgenic and 3xTg-AD mice. One-month treatment with a β3AR agonist increased recognition index by 19% in 16-month-old 3xTg-AD mice compared to pre-treatment (14-month-old). Locomotion, anxiety, and tau pathology were not modified. Finally, insoluble Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was decreased by 27% in the hippocampus of CL-316,243-injected 3xTg-AD mice. Conclusions Overall, our results indicate that β3AR stimulation reverses memory deficits and shifts downward the insoluble Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in 16-month-old 3xTg-AD mice. As β3AR agonists are being clinically developed for metabolic disorders, repurposing them in AD could be a valuable therapeutic strategy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00842-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Tournissac
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Tra-My Vu
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nika Vrabic
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Clara Hozer
- UMR CNRS/MNHN 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Évolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Koralie Mélançon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.,Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Fabien Pifferi
- UMR CNRS/MNHN 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Évolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Menet R, Bourassa P, Calon F, ElAli A. Dickkopf-related protein-1 inhibition attenuates amyloid-beta pathology associated to Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2020; 141:104881. [PMID: 33068684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes the leading cause of dementia worldwide. It is associated to amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation and tau hyper-phosphorylation, accompanied by a progressive cognitive decline. Evidence suggests that the canonical Wnt pathway is deregulated in AD. Pathway activity is mediated by β-catenin stabilization in the cytosol, and subsequent translocation to the nucleus to regulate the expression of several genes implicated in brain homeostasis and functioning. It was recently proposed that Dickkopf-related protein-1 (DKK1), an endogenous antagonist of the pathway, might be implicated in AD pathogenesis. Here, we hypothesized that canonical Wnt pathway deactivation associated to DKK1 induction contributes to late-onset AD pathogenesis, and thus DKK1 neutralization could attenuate AD pathology. For this purpose, human post-mortem AD brain samples were used to assess pathway activity, and aged APPswe/PS1 mice were used to investigate DKK1 in late-onset AD-like pathology and therapy. Our findings indicate that β-catenin levels progressively decrease in the brain of AD patients, correlating with the duration of symptoms. Next, we found that Aβ pathology in APPswe/PS1 mediates DKK1 induction in the brain. Pharmacological neutralization of DKK1's biological activity in APPswe/PS1 mice restores pathway activity by stabilizing β-catenin, attenuates Aβ pathology, and ameliorates the memory of mice. Attenuation of AD-like pathology upon DKK1 inhibition is accompanied by a reduced protein expression of beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1). Moreover, DKK1 inhibition enhances vascular density, promotes blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity by increasing claudin 5, glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1), and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member-1 (ABCB1) protein expression, as well as ameliorates synaptic plasticity by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) protein expression. DKK1 conditional induction reduces claudin 5, abcb1, and psd-95 mRNA expression, validating its inhibition effects. Our results indicate that neutralization of DKK1's biological activity attenuates AD-like pathology by restoring canonical Wnt pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Menet
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Bourassa
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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10
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Hou TY, Zhou Y, Zhu LS, Wang X, Pang P, Wang DQ, Liuyang ZY, Man H, Lu Y, Zhu LQ, Liu D. Correcting abnormalities in miR-124/PTPN1 signaling rescues tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2020; 154:441-457. [PMID: 31951013 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes. We previously reported that aberrant microRNA-124 (miR-124)/non-receptor-type protein phosphatase 1 (PTPN1) signaling plays an important role in the synaptic disorders associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we further investigated the potential role of miR-124/PTPN1 in the tau pathology of AD. We first treated the mice with intra-hippocampal stereotactic injections. Then, we used quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) to detect the expression of microRNAs. Western blotting was used to measure the level of PTPN1, the level of tau protein, the phosphorylation of tau at AD-related sites, and alterations in the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A). Immunohistochemistry was also used to detect changes in tau phosphorylation levels at AD-related sites and somadendritic aggregation. Soluble and insoluble tau protein was separated by 70% formic acid (FA) extraction to examine tau solubility. Finally, behavioral experiments (including the Morris water maze, fear conditioning, and elevated plus maze) were performed to examine learning and memory ability and emotion-related behavior. We found that artificially replicating the abnormalities in miR-124/PTPN1 signaling induced AD-like tau pathology in the hippocampus of wild-type mice, including hyperphosphorylation at multiple sites, insolubility and somadendritic aggregation, as well as learning/memory deficits. We also found that disruption of miR-124/PTPN1 signaling was caused by the loss of RE1-silencing transcription factor protein, which can be initiated by Aβ insults or oxidative stress, as observed in the brains of P301S mice. Correcting the deregulation of miR-124/PTPN1 signaling rescued the tau pathology and learning/memory impairments in the P301S mice. We also found that miR-124/PTPN1 abnormalities induced activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) and inactivation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) by promoting tyrosine phosphorylation, implicating an imbalance in tau kinase/phosphatase. Thus, targeting the miR-124/PTPN1 signaling pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yao Hou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Shuang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Pei Pang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Qi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liuyang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hengye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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11
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Bourassa P, Tremblay C, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Calon F. Beta-amyloid pathology in human brain microvessel extracts from the parietal cortex: relation with cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:801-823. [PMID: 30729296 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several pieces of evidence suggest that blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), exemplified by the frequent occurrence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and the defective clearance of Aβ peptides. However, the specific role of brain microvascular cells in these anomalies remains elusive. In this study, we validated by Western, ELISA and immunofluorescence analyses a procedure to generate microvasculature-enriched fractions from frozen samples of human cerebral cortex. We then investigated Aβ and proteins involved in its clearance or production in microvessel extracts generated from the parietal cortex of 60 volunteers in the Religious Orders Study. Volunteers were categorized as AD (n = 38) or controls (n = 22) based on the ABC scoring method presented in the revised guidelines for the neuropathological diagnosis of AD. Higher ELISA-determined concentrations of vascular Aβ40 and Aβ42 were found in persons with a neuropathological diagnosis of AD, in apoE4 carriers and in participants with advanced parenchymal CAA, compared to respective age-matched controls. Vascular levels of two proteins involved in Aβ clearance, ABCB1 and neprilysin, were lower in persons with AD and positively correlated with cognitive function, while being inversely correlated to vascular Aβ40. In contrast, BACE1, a protein necessary for Aβ production, was increased in individuals with AD and in apoE4 carriers, negatively correlated to cognitive function and positively correlated to Aβ40 in microvessel extracts. The present report indicates that concentrating microvessels from frozen human brain samples facilitates the quantitative biochemical analysis of cerebrovascular dysfunction in CNS disorders. Data generated overall show that microvessels extracted from individuals with parenchymal CAA-AD contained more Aβ and BACE1 and less ABCB1 and neprilysin, evidencing a pattern of dysfunction in brain microvascular cells contributing to CAA and AD pathology and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bourassa
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Room T2-67, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Room T2-67, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Room T2-67, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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12
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Bourassa P, Alata W, Tremblay C, Paris-Robidas S, Calon F. Transferrin Receptor-Mediated Uptake at the Blood-Brain Barrier Is Not Impaired by Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:583-594. [PMID: 30609376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transferrin receptor (TfR) is highly expressed by brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and is therefore considered as a potential target for brain drug delivery. Monoclonal antibodies binding to the TfR, such as clone Ri7, have been shown to internalize into BCECs in vivo. However, since Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by a BBB dysfunction, it raises concerns about whether TfR-mediated transport becomes inefficient during the progression of the disease. Measurements of TfR levels using Western blot analysis in whole homogenates from human post-mortem parietal cortex and hippocampus did not reveal any significant difference between individuals with or without a neuropathological diagnosis of AD (respectively, n = 19 and 22 for the parietal cortex and n = 12 and 14 for hippocampus). Similarly, TfR concentrations in isolated human brain microvessels from parietal cortex were similar between controls and AD cases. TfR levels in isolated murine brain microvessels were not significantly different between groups of 12- and 18-month-old NonTg and 3xTg-AD mice, the latter modeling Aβ and τ neuropathologies. In situ brain perfusion assays were then conducted to measure the brain uptake and internalization of fluorolabeled Ri7 in BCECs upon binding. Consistently, TfR-mediated uptake in BCECs was similar between 3xTg-AD mice and nontransgenic controls (∼0.3 μL·g-1·s-1) at 12, 18, and 22 months of age. Fluorescence microscopy analysis following intravenous administration of fluorolabeled Ri7 highlighted that the signal from the antibody was widely distributed throughout the cerebral vasculature but not in neurons or astrocytes. Overall, our data suggest that both TfR protein levels and TfR-dependent internalization mechanisms are preserved in the presence of Aβ and τ neuropathologies, supporting the potential of TfR as a vector target for drug delivery into BCECs in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bourassa
- Faculté de Pharmacie , Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada.,Axe Neurosciences , Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 4G2 , Canada
| | - Wael Alata
- Faculté de Pharmacie , Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada.,Axe Neurosciences , Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 4G2 , Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences , Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 4G2 , Canada
| | - Sarah Paris-Robidas
- Faculté de Pharmacie , Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada.,Axe Neurosciences , Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 4G2 , Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie , Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada.,Axe Neurosciences , Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 4G2 , Canada
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13
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Wang X, Liu D, Huang HZ, Wang ZH, Hou TY, Yang X, Pang P, Wei N, Zhou YF, Dupras MJ, Calon F, Wang YT, Man HY, Chen JG, Wang JZ, Hébert SS, Lu Y, Zhu LQ. A Novel MicroRNA-124/PTPN1 Signal Pathway Mediates Synaptic and Memory Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:395-405. [PMID: 28965984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic loss is an early pathological event in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important modulators of synaptic function and memory. METHODS We used miRNA array and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to examine the alteration of miRNAs in AD mice and patients as well as the Morris water maze to evaluate learning and memory in the mice. We also used adeno-associated virus or lentivirus to introduce tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1 (PTPN1) expression of silencing RNAs. Long-term potentiation and Golgi staining were used to evaluate the synaptic function and structure. We designed a peptide to interrupt miR-124/PTPN1 interaction. RESULTS Here we report that neuronal miR-124 is dramatically increased in the hippocampus of Tg2576 mice, a recognized AD mouse model. Similar changes were observed in specific brain regions of affected AD individuals. We further identified PTPN1 as a direct target of miR-124. Overexpression of miR-124 or knockdown of PTPN1 recapitulated AD-like phenotypes in mice, including deficits in synaptic transmission and plasticity as well as memory by impairing the glutamate receptor 2 membrane insertion. Most importantly, rebuilding the miR-124/PTPN1 pathway by suppression of miR-124, overexpression of PTPN1, or application of a peptide that disrupts the miR-124/PTPN1 interaction could restore synaptic failure and memory deficits. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results identified the miR-124/PTPN1 pathway as a critical mediator of synaptic dysfunction and memory loss in AD, and the miR-124/PTPN1 pathway could be considered as a promising novel therapeutic target for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - He-Zhou Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Yao Hou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Pei Pang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Fan Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Marie-Josée Dupras
- Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Yu-Tian Wang
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Sébastien S Hébert
- Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China; Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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14
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Dal-Pan A, Dudonné S, Bourassa P, Bourdoulous M, Tremblay C, Desjardins Y, Calon F. Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of a Polyphenols-Rich Extract from Fruits without Changes in Neuropathology in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:115-135. [PMID: 27662290 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
No effective preventive treatment is available for age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Epidemiological studies indicate that a diet rich in fruit is associated with cognitive improvement. It was thus proposed that high polyphenol concentrations found in berries can prevent cognitive impairment associated with aging and AD. Therefore, the Neurophenols project aimed at investigating the effects of a polyphenolic extract from blueberries and grapes (PEBG) in the triple-transgenic (3xTg-AD) mouse model of AD, which develops AD neuropathological markers, including amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, leading to memory deficits. In this study, 12-month-old 3xTg-AD and NonTg mice were fed a diet supplemented with standardized PEBG (500 or 2500 mg/kg) for 4 months (n = 15-20/group). A cognitive evaluation with the novel object recognition test was performed at 15 months of age and mice were sacrificed at 16 months of age. We observed that PEBG supplementation with doses of 500 or 2500 mg/kg prevented the decrease in novel object recognition observed in both 15-month-old 3xTg-AD mice and NonTg mice fed a control diet. Although PEBG treatment did not reduce Aβ and tau pathologies, it prevented the decrease in mature BDNF observed in 16-month-old 3xTg-AD mice. Finally, plasma concentrations of phenolic metabolites, such as dihydroxyphenyl valerolactone, a microbial metabolite of epicatechin, positively correlated with memory performances in supplemented mice. The improvement in object recognition observed in 3xTg-AD mice after PEBG administration supports the consumption of polyphenols-rich extracts to prevent memory impairment associated with age-related disease, without significant effects on classical AD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dal-Pan
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.,OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada).,http://www.neurophenols.org
| | - Stéphanie Dudonné
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.,http://www.neurophenols.org
| | - Philippe Bourassa
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.,OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | | | | | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.,http://www.neurophenols.org
| | - Frédéric Calon
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.,OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
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15
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Impact of enriched environment on production of tau, amyloid precursor protein and, amyloid-β peptide in high-fat and high-sucrose-fed rats. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2017; 29:291-298. [PMID: 27923413 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2016.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Western-type diet is associated with an elevated risk of Alzheimer's disease and other milder forms of cognitive impairment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the environmental enrichment on amyloid and tau pathology in high-fat and high-sucrose-fed rats. METHODS In total, 40 adult male rats were categorised into two main groups according to their housing conditions: enriched environment (EE, n=16) and standard housing condition (n=24). The groups were further divided into five subgroups that received standard diet, high-fat diet, and high-sucrose diet. We performed the analysis of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) (1-40), Aβ(1-42), amyloid precursor protein (APP), and tau levels in the hippocampus of rats that were maintained under standard housing conditions or exposed to an EE. RESULTS The EE decreased the Aβ(1-40), Aβ(1-42), APP, and tau levels in high-fat and high-sucrose-fed rats. CONCLUSION This observation shows that EE may rescue diet-induced amyloid and tau pathology.
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16
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Cho C, MacDonald R, Shang J, Cho MJ, Chalifour LE, Paudel HK. Early growth response-1-mediated down-regulation of drebrin correlates with loss of dendritic spines. J Neurochem 2017; 142:56-73. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chulmin Cho
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; Jewish General Hospital; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Ryen MacDonald
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; Jewish General Hospital; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Jijun Shang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; Jewish General Hospital; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Moon Jeong Cho
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; Jewish General Hospital; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Lorraine E. Chalifour
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; Jewish General Hospital; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Medicine; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Hemant K. Paudel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; Jewish General Hospital; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Medicine; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
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17
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microRNA-132/212 deficiency enhances Aβ production and senile plaque deposition in Alzheimer's disease triple transgenic mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30953. [PMID: 27484949 PMCID: PMC4971468 DOI: 10.1038/srep30953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal regulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolism (e.g., production, cleavage, clearance) plays a central role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Among endogenous factors believed to participate in AD progression are the small regulatory non-coding microRNAs (miRs). In particular, the miR-132/212 cluster is severely reduced in the AD brain. In previous studies we have shown that miR-132/212 deficiency in mice leads to impaired memory and enhanced Tau pathology as seen in AD patients. Here we demonstrate that the genetic deletion of miR-132/212 promotes Aβ production and amyloid (senile) plaque formation in triple transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice. Using RNA-Seq and bioinformatics, we identified genes of the miR-132/212 network with documented roles in the regulation of Aβ metabolism, including Tau, Mapk, and Sirt1. Consistent with these findings, we show that the modulation of miR-132, or its target Sirt1, can directly regulate Aβ production in cells. Finally, both miR-132 and Sirt1 levels correlated with Aβ load in humans. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that the miR-132/212 network, including Sirt1 and likely other target genes, contributes to abnormal Aβ metabolism and senile plaque deposition in AD. This study strengthens the importance of miR-dependent networks in neurodegenerative disorders, and opens the door to multifactorial drug targets of AD by targeting Aβ and Tau.
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Connexin43 Forms Supramolecular Complexes through Non-Overlapping Binding Sites for Drebrin, Tubulin, and ZO-1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157073. [PMID: 27280719 PMCID: PMC4900556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gap junctions are membrane specialization domains identified in most tissue types where cells abut each other. The connexin channels found in these membrane domains are conduits for direct cell-to-cell transfer of ions and molecules. Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most ubiquitous connexin, with critical roles in heart, skin, and brain. Several studies described the interaction between Cx43 and the cytoskeleton involving the actin binding proteins Zonula occludens (ZO-1) and drebrin, as well as with tubulin. However, a direct interaction has not been identified between drebrin and Cx43. In this study, co-IP and NMR experiments were used to demonstrate that the Cx43-CT directly interacts with the highly conserved N-terminus region of drebrin. Three Cx43-CT areas were found to be involved in drebrin binding, with residues 264–275 being critical for the interaction. Mimicking Src phosphorylation within this region (Y265) significantly disrupted the interaction between the Cx43-CT and drebrin. Immunofluorescence showed colocalization of Cx43, drebrin, and F-actin in astrocytes and Vero cells membrane, indicating that Cx43 forms a submembrane protein complex with cytoskeletal and scaffolding proteins. The co-IP data suggest that Cx43 indirectly interacts with F-actin through drebrin. Along with the known interaction of the Cx43-CT with ZO-1 and tubulin, the data presented here for drebrin indicate non-overlapping and separated binding sites for all three proteins for which simultaneous binding could be important in regulating cytoskeleton rearrangements, especially for neuronal migration during brain development.
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Eira J, Silva CS, Sousa MM, Liz MA. The cytoskeleton as a novel therapeutic target for old neurodegenerative disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 141:61-82. [PMID: 27095262 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeleton defects, including alterations in microtubule stability, in axonal transport as well as in actin dynamics, have been characterized in several unrelated neurodegenerative conditions. These observations suggest that defects of cytoskeleton organization may be a common feature contributing to neurodegeneration. In line with this hypothesis, drugs targeting the cytoskeleton are currently being tested in animal models and in human clinical trials, showing promising effects. Drugs that modulate microtubule stability, inhibitors of posttranslational modifications of cytoskeletal components, specifically compounds affecting the levels of tubulin acetylation, and compounds targeting signaling molecules which regulate cytoskeleton dynamics, constitute the mostly addressed therapeutic interventions aiming at preventing cytoskeleton damage in neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we will discuss in a critical perspective the current knowledge on cytoskeleton damage pathways as well as therapeutic strategies designed to revert cytoskeleton-related defects mainly focusing on the following neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Eira
- Neurodegeneration Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Santos Silva
- Neurodegeneration Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Mendes Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal; Nerve Regeneration Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Almeida Liz
- Neurodegeneration Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal.
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Vandal M, White PJ, Tournissac M, Tremblay C, St-Amour I, Drouin-Ouellet J, Bousquet M, Traversy MT, Planel E, Marette A, Calon F. Impaired thermoregulation and beneficial effects of thermoneutrality in the 3×Tg-AD model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 43:47-57. [PMID: 27255814 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The sharp rise in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) at an old age coincides with a reduction in energy metabolism and core body temperature. We found that the triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD) spontaneously develops a lower basal body temperature and is more vulnerable to a cold environment compared with age-matched controls. This was despite higher nonshivering thermogenic activity, as evidenced by brown adipose tissue norepinephrine content and uncoupling protein 1 expression. A 24-hour exposure to cold (4 °C) aggravated key neuropathologic markers of AD such as: tau phosphorylation, soluble amyloid beta concentrations, and synaptic protein loss in the cortex of 3×Tg-AD mice. Strikingly, raising the body temperature of aged 3×Tg-AD mice via exposure to a thermoneutral environment improved memory function and reduced amyloid and synaptic pathologies within a week. Our results suggest the presence of a vicious cycle between impaired thermoregulation and AD-like neuropathology, and it is proposed that correcting thermoregulatory deficits might be therapeutic in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Vandal
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Philip J White
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA; Faculté de medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut universitaire de pneumologie et de cardiologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marine Tournissac
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle St-Amour
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Département de Recherche et Développement, Héma-Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Janelle Drouin-Ouellet
- Faculté de medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melanie Bousquet
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Thérèse Traversy
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculté de medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Andre Marette
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculté de medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut universitaire de pneumologie et de cardiologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Frederic Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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21
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Smith PY, Hernandez-Rapp J, Jolivette F, Lecours C, Bisht K, Goupil C, Dorval V, Parsi S, Morin F, Planel E, Bennett DA, Fernandez-Gomez FJ, Sergeant N, Buée L, Tremblay MÈ, Calon F, Hébert SS. miR-132/212 deficiency impairs tau metabolism and promotes pathological aggregation in vivo. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6721-35. [PMID: 26362250 PMCID: PMC4634376 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies comprise a large group of neurodegenerative diseases associated with the pathological aggregation of tau protein. While much effort has focused on understanding the function of tau, little is known about the endogenous mechanisms regulating tau metabolism in vivo and how these contribute to disease. Previously, we have shown that the microRNA (miRNA) cluster miR-132/212 is downregulated in tauopathies such as AD. Here, we report that miR-132/212 deficiency in mice leads to increased tau expression, phosphorylation and aggregation. Using reporter assays and cell-based studies, we demonstrate that miR-132 directly targets tau mRNA to regulate its expression. We identified GSK-3β and PP2B as effectors of abnormal tau phosphorylation in vivo. Deletion of miR-132/212 induced tau aggregation in mice expressing endogenous or human mutant tau, an effect associated with autophagy dysfunction. Conversely, treatment of AD mice with miR-132 mimics restored in part memory function and tau metabolism. Finally, miR-132 and miR-212 levels correlated with insoluble tau and cognitive impairment in humans. These findings support a role for miR-132/212 in the regulation of tau pathology in mice and humans and provide new alternatives for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Y Smith
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences
| | - Julia Hernandez-Rapp
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences
| | - Francis Jolivette
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences
| | - Cynthia Lecours
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2, Département de Médecine Moléculaire
| | - Kanchan Bisht
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2, Département de Médecine Moléculaire
| | - Claudia Goupil
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences
| | - Veronique Dorval
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences
| | - Sepideh Parsi
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences
| | - Françoise Morin
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Francisco-Jose Fernandez-Gomez
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, UDSL, Lille F-59045, France and UMR-S 1172, Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Inserm, Lille F-59045, France
| | - Nicolas Sergeant
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, UDSL, Lille F-59045, France and UMR-S 1172, Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Inserm, Lille F-59045, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, UDSL, Lille F-59045, France and UMR-S 1172, Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Inserm, Lille F-59045, France
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2, Département de Médecine Moléculaire
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Sébastien S Hébert
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences,
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22
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Ma L, Li Y, Wang R. Drebrin and cognitive impairment. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 451:121-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Béliveau E, Tremblay C, Aubry-Lafontaine É, Paris-Robidas S, Delay C, Robinson C, Ferguson L, Rajput AH, Rajput A, Calon F. Accumulation of amyloid-β in the cerebellar cortex of essential tremor patients. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:397-408. [PMID: 26253607 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of insoluble amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides is associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). As essential tremor (ET) could involve neurodegenerative processes in the cerebellum, we quantified soluble and insoluble Aβ in cerebellar cortices from patients diagnosed with ET (n=9), compared to Controls (n=16) or individuals with Parkinson's disease (n=10). Although ante-mortem cognitive performance was not documented, all individuals included had the diagnosis of AD ruled out by a neuropathologist. ELISA-determined concentrations of insoluble Aβ42 in ET patients displayed a bimodal distribution, with a median 246-fold higher than in Controls (P<0.01, Kruskal-Wallis). Higher Aβ42 concentrations were measured in the parietal cortex of the same ET patients, compared to Controls (107-fold median increase, P<0.01, Kruskal-Wallis), but similar phosphorylated tau levels were detected. The rise in cerebellar insoluble Aβ42 concentrations is not associated to APP expression and processing or the ApoE4 status. However, Aβ42 levels in ET individuals were correlated with cerebellar insoluble phosphorylated tau (r(2)=0.71, P=0.005), unphosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (NF-H; r(2)=0.50, P=0.030) and Lingo-1 (r(2)=0.73, P=0.007), indicative of a generalized neurodegenerative process involving the cerebellum. Our results suggest prevalent accumulations of insoluble Aβ42 in the cerebellum of ET, but not in age-matched PD. Whether this anomaly plays a role in ET symptoms warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Béliveau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Émilie Aubry-Lafontaine
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Paris-Robidas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Chris Robinson
- Division of Neurology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Les Ferguson
- Division of Neurology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ali H Rajput
- Division of Neurology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neurology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Sinclair LI, Tayler HM, Love S. Synaptic protein levels altered in vascular dementia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:533-43. [PMID: 25559750 PMCID: PMC4471617 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cerebral ischaemia is the defining pathophysiological abnormality in most forms of vascular dementia (VAD), but the pathogenesis of the dementia remains poorly understood. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is early loss of synaptic proteins, but these have been little studied in VAD. Materials and Methods We measured synaptophysin, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), drebrin, synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in superior temporal cortex from 11 patients with VAD and, initially, 11 non-dementia controls. We corrected for neuronal content by measurement of neuron-specific enolase. A further 11 controls were subsequently used in a validation study. Simulation of post-mortem delay found that PSD-95 was stable at 4°C but declined slightly at RT. SNAP-25 and drebrin showed good post-mortem stability. Previous studies had shown good post-mortem preservation of synaptophysin and VEGF. Results The VAD cases had lower synaptophysin (but P > 0.05 in initial study), significantly lower SNAP-25 (P = 0.024) and significantly higher drebrin (P = 0.020). On comparison with the second control group, the reduction in synaptophysin was significant (P = 0.008), and the other results were confirmed. Conclusion There is probably a reduction in presynaptic proteins in the temporal cortex in VAD, although not as marked as in AD. In VAD, there is also an increase in drebrin, which may be a response to reduced synaptic input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey I Sinclair
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hannah M Tayler
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Seth Love
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Wang X, Yang Z, Sun Y, Zhou H, Chu G, Zhang J, Meng X. Ethanol Activation of PKA Mediates Single-Minded 2 Expression in Neuronal Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1234-1244. [PMID: 25319570 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal ethanol exposure can cause extensive apoptotic neurodegeneration throughout the developing central nervous system (CNS), which results in cognitive deficits and memory decline. However, the underlying mechanisms need further study. Single-minded 2 (Sim2), a transcriptional repressor, is reportedly involved in diseases that impair learning and memory, such as Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease. It is still unknown whether Sim2 is involved in regulating ethanol-mediated neuronal injury that might ultimately lead to neuronal dysfunction and subsequent learning and memory deficits. To study the effects of ethanol on Sim2 expression and neuronal injury, we used animal models and cell culture experiments. Our results indicated that in SH-SY5Y cells, ethanol exposure increased Sim2 expression and levels of cleaved caspase 3, which is a marker for cells undergoing apoptosis. Silencing Sim2 expression attenuated caspase 3 activation and cellular apoptosis. We also found that protein kinase A (PKA) activation induced Sim2 expression, as did ethanol. Inhibiting the PKA signaling pathway with H-89 decreased Sim2 expression and cleavage of caspase 3 that was induced by ethanol in vivo and in vitro. We further found that PKA regulated Sim2 expression at the transcriptional level. These results demonstrate that ethanol leads to increased Sim2 expression via the PKA pathway, ultimately resulting in apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yinan Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hanjing Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guangpin Chu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xianfang Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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26
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Joffre C, Nadjar A, Lebbadi M, Calon F, Laye S. n-3 LCPUFA improves cognition: the young, the old and the sick. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:1-20. [PMID: 24908517 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the implication of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, neurite outgrowth and to its high incorporation into the brain, this n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) is considered as crucial in the development and maintenance of the learning memory performance throughout life. In the present chapter we aimed at reviewing data investigating the relation between DHA and cognition during the perinatal period, young adult- and adulthood and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD). In Humans, dietary DHA supplementation from the perinatal period to adulthood does not reveal a clear and consistent memory improvement whereas it is the case in animal studies. The positive effects observed in animal models may have been enhanced by using n-3 PUFA deficient animal models as controls. In animal models of AD, a general consensus on the beneficial effects of n-3 LCPUFA in attenuating cognitive impairment was established. These studies make DHA a potential suitable micronutrient for the maintenance of cognitive performance at all periods of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Joffre
- Université Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - A Nadjar
- Université Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - M Lebbadi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, T2-05, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2.
| | - F Calon
- Centre de Recherche du CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, T2-05, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2.
| | - S Laye
- Université Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Bhat NR, Thirumangalakudi L. Increased tau phosphorylation and impaired brain insulin/IGF signaling in mice fed a high fat/high cholesterol diet. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 36:781-9. [PMID: 23703152 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2012-121030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that a high fat/high cholesterol (HFC) diet results in a loss of working memory in mice correlated with neuroinflammatory changes and increased AβPP processing (Thirumangalakudi et al. (2008) J Neurochem 106, 475-485). To further explore the nature of the molecular correlates of cognitive impairment, in this study, we examined changes in tau phosphorylation, insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) including GSK3, and levels of specific synaptic proteins. Immunoblot analysis of hippocampal tissue from C57BL/6 mice fed HFC for 2 months with anti-phospho-tau (i.e., PHF1 and phospho-Thr-231 tau) antibodies demonstrated the presence of hyperphosphorylated tau. The tau phosphorylation correlated with activated GSK3, a prominent tau kinase normally kept inactive under the control of IIS. That IIS itself was impaired due to the hyperlipidemic diet was confirmed by a down-regulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and phospho-Akt levels. Although no significant changes in the levels of the pre-synaptic protein (i.e., synaptophysin) in response to HFC were apparent in immunoblot analysis, there was a clear down-regulation of the post-synaptic protein, PSD95, and drebrin, a dendritic spine-specific protein, indicative of altered synaptic plasticity. The results, in concert with previous findings with the same model, suggest that high dietary fat/cholesterol elicits brain insulin resistance and altered IIS leading to Alzheimer's disease-like cognitive impairment in 'normal' mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan R Bhat
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Delay C, Tremblay C, Brochu E, Paris-Robidas S, Emond V, Rajput AH, Rajput A, Calon F. Increased LINGO1 in the cerebellum of essential tremor patients. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1637-47. [PMID: 24531928 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is the most prevalent adult-onset movement disorder. Despite its health burden, no clear pathognomonic sign has been identified to date because of the rarity of clinicopathological studies. Moreover, treatment options are still scarce and have not significantly changed in the last 30 years, underscoring the urgent need to develop new treatment avenues. In the recent years, leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) domain-containing Nogo receptor-interacting proteins 1 and 2 (LINGO1 and LINGO2, respectively) have been increasingly regarded as possible ET modulators due to emerging genetic association studies linking LINGO with ET. We have investigated LINGO protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the cerebellum of patients with ET, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and a control group using Western immunoblotting and in situ hybridization. Protein levels of LINGO1, but not LINGO2, were significantly increased in the cerebellar cortex of ET patients compared with controls, particularly in individuals with longer disease duration. Compared with controls, LINGO1 protein levels were increased in the cerebellar white matter of PD and ET patients but, for the latter, only when disease duration exceeded 20 years. However, no alteration in LINGO1 mRNA was observed between groups in either the cerebellar cortex or the white matter. We observed alterations in LINGO expression in diseased brain that seemed to progress along with the disease, being initiated in the cerebellar cortex before reaching the white matter. Because LINGO up-regulation has been identified as a potential pathological response to ongoing neurodegenerative processes, the present data suggest that LINGO1 is a potential drug target for ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Delay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Neurosciences Axis, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Varamini B, Sikalidis AK, Bradford KL. Resveratrol increases cerebral glycogen synthase kinase phosphorylation as well as protein levels of drebrin and transthyretin in mice: an exploratory study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 65:89-96. [PMID: 24020380 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.832171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by intraneuronal β-amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau, leading to neuronal cell death and progressive memory losses. This exploratory work investigates if dietary resveratrol, previously shown to have broad anti-aging effects and improve AD pathology in vivo, leads to neuroprotective changes in specific protein targets in the mouse brain. Both wild-type and APP/PS1 mice, a transgenic AD mouse model, received control AIN-93G diet or AIN-93G supplemented with resveratrol. Pathology parameters and AD risk were assessed via measurements on plaque burden, levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK3-β), tau, transthyretin and drebrin. Dietary resveratrol treatment did not decrease plaque burden in APP/PS1 mice. However, resveratrol-fed mice demonstrated increases in GSK3-β phosphorylation, a 3.8-fold increase in protein levels of transthyretin, and a 2.2-fold increase in drebrin. This study broadens our understanding of specific mechanisms and targets whereby resveratrol provides neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Varamini
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY , USA and
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Arsenault D, Dal-Pan A, Tremblay C, Bennett DA, Guitton MJ, De Koninck Y, Tonegawa S, Calon F. PAK inactivation impairs social recognition in 3xTg-AD Mice without increasing brain deposition of tau and Aβ. J Neurosci 2013; 33:10729-40. [PMID: 23804095 PMCID: PMC4019789 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1501-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in p21-activated kinase (PAK) are suspected to play a role in cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysfunction in PAK leads to cofilin activation, drebrin displacement from its actin-binding site, actin depolymerization/severing, and, ultimately, defects in spine dynamics and cognitive impairment in mice. To determine the role of PAK in AD, we first quantified PAK by immunoblotting in homogenates from the parietal neocortex of subjects with a clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (n = 12), mild cognitive impairment (n = 12), or AD (n = 12). A loss of total PAK, detected in the cortex of AD patients (-39% versus controls), was correlated with cognitive impairment (r(2) = 0.148, p = 0.027) and deposition of total and phosphorylated tau (r(2) = 0.235 and r(2) = 0.206, respectively), but not with Aβ42 (r(2) = 0.056). Accordingly, we found a decrease of total PAK in the cortex of 12- and 20-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, an animal model of AD-like Aβ and tau neuropathologies. To determine whether PAK dysfunction aggravates AD phenotype, 3xTg-AD mice were crossed with dominant-negative PAK mice. PAK inactivation led to obliteration of social recognition in old 3xTg-AD mice, which was associated with a decrease in cortical drebrin (-25%), but without enhancement of Aβ/tau pathology or any clear electrophysiological signature. Overall, our data suggest that PAK decrease is a consequence of AD neuropathology and that therapeutic activation of PAK may exert symptomatic benefits on high brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Arsenault
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 2L9, Canada
| | - Alexandre Dal-Pan
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 2L9, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 2L9, Canada
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Matthieu J. Guitton
- Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, G1J 2G3, Canada, and
| | - Yves De Koninck
- Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, G1J 2G3, Canada, and
| | - Susumu Tonegawa
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 2L9, Canada
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Wang X, Song Y, Chen L, Zhuang G, Zhang J, Li M, Meng XF. Contribution of single-minded 2 to hyperglycaemia-induced neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2013; 35:106-12. [PMID: 23333261 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated to central nervous system damage, which results in impairment of brain functions and cognitive deficits and decline in memory. However, the mechanisms mediating the actions of glucose on the neurons remained elusive. Single-minded 2 (Sim2), a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-PAS transcriptional repressor, is thought to be involved in some symptoms of Down syndrome. We hypothesized that Sim2 mediated hyperglycaemia-induced neuronal injury and impairment of learning and memory. It was found that expression of Sim2 protein in cortical neurons was increased in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rat model. Drebrin, down-regulated by Sim2, was subsequently decreased as detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy and Western blot analysis. The expression pattern of Sim2 and Drebrin correspond to 50mmol/L glucose (hyperglycaemia) was also found in primary cultured neurons. Curcumin, one neuroprotective agent, inhibited hyperglycaemia-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, curcumin alleviated Sim2 expression, and reversely raised Drebrin expression in neurons treated with hyperglycaemia. Finally, we found that silencing Sim2 expression decreased hyperglycaemia-induced neuronal injury. In conclusion, Sim2 may mediate neurotoxicity during hyperglycaemia and thereby play a critical role in the development of hyperglycaemia-induced cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Ke Y, Dramiga J, Schütz U, Kril JJ, Ittner LM, Schröder H, Götz J. Tau-mediated nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic accumulation of SFPQ in Alzheimer's and Pick's disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35678. [PMID: 22558197 PMCID: PMC3338448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau dysfunction characterizes neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Here, we performed an unbiased SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression) of differentially expressed mRNAs in the amygdala of transgenic pR5 mice that express human tau carrying the P301L mutation previously identified in familial cases of FTLD. SAGE identified 29 deregulated transcripts including Sfpq that encodes a nuclear factor implicated in the splicing and regulation of gene expression. To assess the relevance for human disease we analyzed brains from AD, Pick's disease (PiD, a form of FTLD), and control cases. Strikingly, in AD and PiD, both dementias with a tau pathology, affected brain areas showed a virtually complete nuclear depletion of SFPQ in both neurons and astrocytes, along with cytoplasmic accumulation. Accordingly, neurons harboring either AD tangles or Pick bodies were also depleted of SFPQ. Immunoblot analysis of human entorhinal cortex samples revealed reduced SFPQ levels with advanced Braak stages suggesting that the SFPQ pathology may progress together with the tau pathology in AD. To determine a causal role for tau, we stably expressed both wild-type and P301L human tau in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, an established cell culture model of tau pathology. The cells were differentiated by two independent methods, mitomycin C-mediated cell cycle arrest or neuronal differentiation with retinoic acid. Confocal microscopy revealed that SFPQ was confined to nuclei in non-transfected wild-type cells, whereas in wild-type and P301L tau over-expressing cells, irrespective of the differentiation method, it formed aggregates in the cytoplasm, suggesting that pathogenic tau drives SFPQ pathology in post-mitotic cells. Our findings add SFPQ to a growing list of transcription factors with an altered nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution under neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazi Ke
- Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease Laboratory, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joe Dramiga
- Department II of Anatomy and Neuroanatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schütz
- Department II of Anatomy and Neuroanatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jillian J. Kril
- Disciplines of Medicine and Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lars M. Ittner
- Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease Laboratory, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hannsjörg Schröder
- Department II of Anatomy and Neuroanatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail: (HS); (JG)
| | - Jürgen Götz
- Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease Laboratory, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail: (HS); (JG)
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Schevzov G, Curthoys NM, Gunning PW, Fath T. Functional diversity of actin cytoskeleton in neurons and its regulation by tropomyosin. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 298:33-94. [PMID: 22878104 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394309-5.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurons comprise functionally, molecularly, and spatially distinct subcellular compartments which include the soma, dendrites, axon, branches, dendritic spines, and growth cones. In this chapter, we detail the remarkable ability of the neuronal cytoskeleton to exquisitely regulate all these cytoplasmic distinct partitions, with particular emphasis on the microfilament system and its plethora of associated proteins. Importance will be given to the family of actin-associated proteins, tropomyosin, in defining distinct actin filament populations. The ability of tropomyosin isoforms to regulate the access of actin-binding proteins to the filaments is believed to define the structural diversity and dynamics of actin filaments and ultimately be responsible for the functional outcome of these filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Schevzov
- Oncology Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
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Paris-Robidas S, Brochu E, Sintes M, Emond V, Bousquet M, Vandal M, Pilote M, Tremblay C, Di Paolo T, Rajput AH, Rajput A, Calon F. Defective dentate nucleus GABA receptors in essential tremor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 135:105-16. [PMID: 22120148 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of new treatments for essential tremor, the most frequent movement disorder, is limited by a poor understanding of its pathophysiology and the relative paucity of clinicopathological studies. Here, we report a post-mortem decrease in GABA(A) (35% reduction) and GABA(B) (22-31% reduction) receptors in the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum from individuals with essential tremor, compared with controls or individuals with Parkinson's disease, as assessed by receptor-binding autoradiography. Concentrations of GABA(B) receptors in the dentate nucleus were inversely correlated with the duration of essential tremor symptoms (r(2) = 0.44, P < 0.05), suggesting that the loss of GABA(B) receptors follows the progression of the disease. In situ hybridization experiments also revealed a diminution of GABA(B(1a+b)) receptor messenger RNA in essential tremor (↓27%). In contrast, no significant changes of GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors (protein and messenger RNA), GluN2B receptors, cytochrome oxidase-1 or GABA concentrations were detected in molecular or granular layers of the cerebellar cortex. It is proposed that a decrease in GABA receptors in the dentate nucleus results in disinhibition of cerebellar pacemaker output activity, propagating along the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathways to generate tremors. Correction of such defective cerebellar GABAergic drive could have a therapeutic effect in essential tremor.
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Accumulation of transactive response DNA binding protein 43 in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2011; 70:788-98. [PMID: 21865887 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31822c62cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) plays a central role in the neuropathology of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but the relationship between TDP-43 abnormalities and Alzheimer disease (AD) remains unclear. To determine whether TDP-43 can serve as a neuropathologic marker of AD, we performed biochemical characterization and quantification of TDP-43 in homogenates from parietal neocortex of subjects with aclinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI, n = 12), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 12), or AD (n = 12). Immunoblots revealed increased detergent-insoluble TDP-43 in the cortex of 0, 3, and 6 of the 12 individuals with NCI, MCI, or AD, respectively. Detergent-insoluble TDP-43 was positively correlated with the accumulation of soluble Aβ42, amyloid plaques, and paired helical filamenttau. In contrast, phospho-TDP-43 was decreased in the cytosolic fraction and detergent-soluble membrane/nuclear fraction from AD patients and correlated with antemortem cognitive function.Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that the frequencies of individuals with TDP-43 or phospho-TDP-43 cytoplasmic inclusions were higher in AD than in NCI, with MCI at an intermediate level. These data indicate that abnormalities of TDP-43 occur in an important subset of MCI and AD patients and that they correlate with the clinical and neuropathologic features of AD.
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Rao JS, Kim HW, Kellom M, Greenstein D, Chen M, Kraft AD, Harry GJ, Rapoport SI, Basselin M. Increased neuroinflammatory and arachidonic acid cascade markers, and reduced synaptic proteins, in brain of HIV-1 transgenic rats. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8:101. [PMID: 21846384 PMCID: PMC3175175 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment has been reported in human immune deficiency virus-1- (HIV-1-) infected patients as well as in HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rats. This impairment has been linked to neuroinflammation, disturbed brain arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, and synapto-dendritic injury. We recently reported upregulated brain AA metabolism in 7- to 9-month-old HIV-1 Tg rats. We hypothesized that these HIV-1 Tg rats also would show upregulated brain inflammatory and AA cascade markers and a deficit of synaptic proteins. Methods We measured protein and mRNA levels of markers of neuroinflammation and the AA cascade, as well as pro-apoptotic factors and synaptic proteins, in brains from 7- to 9-month-old HIV-1 Tg and control rats. Results Compared with control brain, HIV-1 Tg rat brain showed immunoreactivity to glycoprotein 120 and tat HIV-1 viral proteins, and significantly higher protein and mRNA levels of (1) the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α, (2) the activated microglial/macrophage marker CD11b, (3) AA cascade enzymes: AA-selective Ca2+-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)-IVA, secretory sPLA2-IIA, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, membrane prostaglandin E2 synthase, 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) and 15-LOX, cytochrome p450 epoxygenase, and (4) transcription factor NF-κBp50 DNA binding activity. HIV-1 Tg rat brain also exhibited signs of cell injury, including significantly decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and drebrin, a marker of post-synaptic excitatory dendritic spines. Expression of Ca2+-independent iPLA2-VIA and COX-1 was unchanged. Conclusions HIV-1 Tg rats show elevated brain markers of neuroinflammation and AA metabolism, with a deficit in several synaptic proteins. These changes are associated with viral proteins and may contribute to cognitive impairment. The HIV-1 Tg rat may be a useful model for understanding progression and treatment of cognitive impairment in HIV-1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Sridhara Rao
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Sbai O, Khrestchatisky M, Esclapez M, Ferhat L. Drebrin A expression is altered after pilocarpine-induced seizures: Time course of changes is consistent for a role in the integrity and stability of dendritic spines of hippocampal granule cells. Hippocampus 2011; 22:477-93. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Julien C, Tremblay C, Phivilay A, Berthiaume L, Émond V, Julien P, Calon F. High-fat diet aggravates amyloid-beta and tau pathologies in the 3xTg-AD mouse model. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 31:1516-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Hamilton LK, Aumont A, Julien C, Vadnais A, Calon F, Fernandes KJL. Widespread deficits in adult neurogenesis precede plaque and tangle formation in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 32:905-20. [PMID: 20726889 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects cognitive modalities that are known to be regulated by adult neurogenesis, such as hippocampal- and olfactory-dependent learning and memory. However, the relationship between AD-associated pathologies and alterations in adult neurogenesis has remained contentious. In the present study, we performed a detailed investigation of adult neurogenesis in the triple transgenic (3xTg) mouse model of AD, a unique model that generates both amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the hallmark pathologies of AD. In both neurogenic niches of the brain, the hippocampal dentate gyrus and forebrain subventricular zone, we found that 3xTg mice had decreased numbers of (i) proliferating cells, (ii) early lineage neural progenitors, and (iii) neuroblasts at middle age (11months old) and old age (18months old). These decreases correlated with major reductions in the addition of new neurons to the respective target areas, the dentate granule cell layer and olfactory bulb. Within the subventricular zone niche, cytological alterations were observed that included a selective loss of subependymal cells and the development of large lipid droplets within the ependyma of 3xTg mice, indicative of metabolic changes. Temporally, there was a marked acceleration of age-related decreases in 3xTg mice, which affected multiple stages of neurogenesis and was clearly apparent prior to the development of amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles. Our findings indicate that AD-associated mutations suppress neurogenesis early during disease development. This suggests that deficits in adult neurogenesis may mediate premature cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Hamilton
- Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Abstract
Aging and metabolism-related disorders are risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD). Because sirtuins may increase the life span through regulation of cellular metabolism, we compared the concentration of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in the brains of AD patients (n = 19) and controls (n = 22) using Western immunoblots and in situ hybridization. We report a significant reduction of SIRT1 (messenger RNA [mRNA], -29%; protein, -45%) in the parietal cortex of AD patients, but not in the cerebellum. Further analyses in a second cohort of 36 subjects confirmed that cortical SIRT1 was decreased in AD but not in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. SIRT1 mRNA and its translated protein correlated negatively with the duration of symptoms (mRNA, r2 = -0.367; protein, r2 = -0.326) and the accumulation of paired helical filament tau (mRNA, r2 = -0.230; protein, r2 = -0.119), but weakly with insoluble amyloid-beta 42 (mRNA, r2= -0.090; protein, r2 = -0.072). A significant relationship between SIRT1 levels and global cognition scores proximate to death was also found (r2= +0.09, p = 0.049). In contrast, cortical SIRT1 levels remained unchanged in a triple-transgenic animal model of AD. Collectively, our results indicate that loss of SIRT1 is closely associated with the accumulation of amyloid-beta and tau in the cerebral cortex of persons with AD.
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