1
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Augustin SM, Lovinger DM. Synaptic changes induced by cannabinoid drugs and cannabis use disorder. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 167:105670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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2
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Winters BL, Vaughan CW. Mechanisms of endocannabinoid control of synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108736. [PMID: 34343612 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous cannabinoid transmitter system regulates synaptic transmission throughout the nervous system. Unlike conventional transmitters, specific stimuli induce synthesis of endocannabinoids (eCBs) in the postsynaptic neuron, and these travel backwards to modulate presynaptic inputs. In doing so, eCBs can induce short-term changes in synaptic strength and longer-term plasticity. While this eCB regulation is near ubiquitous, it displays major regional and synapse specific variations with different synapse specific forms of short-versus long-term plasticity throughout the brain. These differences are due to the plethora of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms which have been implicated in eCB signalling, the intricacies of which are only just being realised. In this review, we shall describe the current understanding and highlight new advances in this area, with a focus on the retrograde action of eCBs at CB1 receptors (CB1Rs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony Laura Winters
- Pain Management Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW, Australia.
| | - Christopher Walter Vaughan
- Pain Management Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW, Australia
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3
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Yu J, Ren L, Min S, Lv F, Luo J, Li P, Zhang Y. Inhibition of CB1 receptor alleviates electroconvulsive shock-induced memory impairment by regulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity in depressive rats. Psychiatry Res 2021; 300:113917. [PMID: 33848965 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for depression, but it can cause cognitive deficit. Unfortunately, effective preventive measures are still lacking. The endocannabinoid system is thought to play a key role in regulation of cognitive process. Whether the endocannabinoid system is involved in the learning and memory impairment caused by ECS remain unclear. In this work, we first found that cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) were strongly expressed in hippocampus by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) in a rat depression model established by chronic mild stress (CMS). Pharmacological inhibition of CB1R using AM251 in vivo resulted in a pronounced relief in ECS-induced spatial learning and memory impairment as well as in a marked reversal of impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), and reduced synapse-related proteins expression. Furthermore, results of sucrose preference test (SPT) and open-field test (OFT) showed that AM251 had no significant impact on the therapeutic effects of ECS on pleasure and psychomotor activity. Taken together, we identified that CB1R is involved in the ECS-induced spatial learning and memory impairment and Inhibition of CB1R facilitates the recovery of memory impairment and hippocampal synaptic plasticity, without interfering with the therapeutic effects of ECS in depressed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Feng Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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4
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An D, Peigneur S, Hendrickx LA, Tytgat J. Targeting Cannabinoid Receptors: Current Status and Prospects of Natural Products. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5064. [PMID: 32709050 PMCID: PMC7404216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), as part of the endocannabinoid system, play a critical role in numerous human physiological and pathological conditions. Thus, considerable efforts have been made to develop ligands for CB1 and CB2, resulting in hundreds of phyto- and synthetic cannabinoids which have shown varying affinities relevant for the treatment of various diseases. However, only a few of these ligands are clinically used. Recently, more detailed structural information for cannabinoid receptors was revealed thanks to the powerfulness of cryo-electron microscopy, which now can accelerate structure-based drug discovery. At the same time, novel peptide-type cannabinoids from animal sources have arrived at the scene, with their potential in vivo therapeutic effects in relation to cannabinoid receptors. From a natural products perspective, it is expected that more novel cannabinoids will be discovered and forecasted as promising drug leads from diverse natural sources and species, such as animal venoms which constitute a true pharmacopeia of toxins modulating diverse targets, including voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors such as CB1 and CB2, with astonishing affinity and selectivity. Therefore, it is believed that discovering novel cannabinoids starting from studying the biodiversity of the species living on planet earth is an uncharted territory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N 2, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 922, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.A.); (S.P.); (L.A.H.)
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5
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Xu X, Jiang S, Xu E, Wu X, Zhao R. Inhibition of CB1 receptor ameliorates spatial learning and memory impairment in mice with traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Lett 2018; 696:127-131. [PMID: 30576711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an increasingly prevalent condition affecting people of all ages and genders. The impairment of spatial learning and memory is one of the most common effects of TBI. Unfortunately, it currently lacks effective therapeutic interventions. The endocannabinoid (EC) system regulates a diverse array of physiological processes. Here, we found a 6.7-fold increase of 2-AG levels at 1 d post-TBI, declining thereafter. After 5 d, the levels were still 3.3-fold higher than in the controls. AM281, a CB1 receptor antagonist, reversed the TBI-reduced NMDA receptor subunits NR2B in the hippocampus and ameliorate the spatial learning and memory impairment at 7 d post-TBI, suggesting CB1 receptor is involved in the TBI-induced hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Forensic Clinical Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Shukun Jiang
- Department of Forensic Clinical Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Enyu Xu
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
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6
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Effect of synthetic cannabinoids on spontaneous neuronal activity: Evaluation using Ca 2+ spiking and multi-electrode arrays. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 786:148-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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7
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Scheller A, Kirchhoff F. Endocannabinoids and Heterogeneity of Glial Cells in Brain Function. Front Integr Neurosci 2016; 10:24. [PMID: 27458351 PMCID: PMC4932105 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2016.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Scheller
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland Homburg, Germany
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8
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Jahn HM, Scheller A, Kirchhoff F. Genetic control of astrocyte function in neural circuits. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:310. [PMID: 26347607 PMCID: PMC4538289 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades numerous genetic approaches affecting cell function in vivo have been developed. Current state-of-the-art technology permits the selective switching of gene function in distinct cell populations within the complex organization of a given tissue parenchyma. The tamoxifen-inducible Cre/loxP gene recombination and the doxycycline-dependent modulation of gene expression are probably the most popular genetic paradigms. Here, we will review applications of these two strategies while focusing on the interactions of astrocytes and neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and their impact for the whole organism. Abolishing glial sensing of neuronal activity by selective deletion of glial transmitter receptors demonstrated the impact of astrocytes for higher cognitive functions such as learning and memory, or the more basic body control of muscle coordination. Interestingly, also interfering with glial output, i.e., the release of gliotransmitters can drastically change animal’s physiology like sleeping behavior. Furthermore, such genetic approaches have also been used to restore astrocyte function. In these studies two alternatives were employed to achieve proper genetic targeting of astrocytes: transgenes using the promoter of the human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) or homologous recombination into the glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) locus. We will highlight their specific properties that could be relevant for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Jahn
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland Homburg, Germany
| | - Anja Scheller
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland Homburg, Germany
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9
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Yang K, Lei G, Xie YF, MacDonald JF, Jackson MF. Differential regulation of NMDAR and NMDAR-mediated metaplasticity by anandamide and 2-AG in the hippocampus. Hippocampus 2014; 24:1601-14. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Robarts Research Institute; Molecular Brain Research Group, Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Gang Lei
- Robarts Research Institute; Molecular Brain Research Group, Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Yu-Feng Xie
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
- Neuroscience Research Program; Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - John F. MacDonald
- Robarts Research Institute; Molecular Brain Research Group, Western University; London ON Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Western University; London ON Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Michael F. Jackson
- Robarts Research Institute; Molecular Brain Research Group, Western University; London ON Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
- Neuroscience Research Program; Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Western University; London ON Canada
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10
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Han J, Kesner P, Metna-Laurent M, Duan T, Xu L, Georges F, Koehl M, Abrous DN, Mendizabal-Zubiaga J, Grandes P, Liu Q, Bai G, Wang W, Xiong L, Ren W, Marsicano G, Zhang X. Acute cannabinoids impair working memory through astroglial CB1 receptor modulation of hippocampal LTD. Cell 2012; 148:1039-50. [PMID: 22385967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of working memory is one of the most important deleterious effects of marijuana intoxication in humans, but its underlying mechanisms are presently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the impairment of spatial working memory (SWM) and in vivo long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic strength at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses, induced by an acute exposure of exogenous cannabinoids, is fully abolished in conditional mutant mice lacking type-1 cannabinoid receptors (CB(1)R) in brain astroglial cells but is conserved in mice lacking CB(1)R in glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons. Blockade of neuronal glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) and of synaptic trafficking of glutamate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPAR) also abolishes cannabinoid effects on SWM and LTD induction and expression. We conclude that the impairment of working memory by marijuana and cannabinoids is due to the activation of astroglial CB(1)R and is associated with astroglia-dependent hippocampal LTD in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, China
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11
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Kawahara H, Drew GM, Christie MJ, Vaughan CW. Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase unmasks CB1 receptor and TRPV1 channel-mediated modulation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in midbrain periaqueductal grey. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:1214-22. [PMID: 21175570 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE While arachidonyl ethanolamine (anandamide) produces pharmacological effects mediated by cannabinoid CB1 receptors, it is also an agonist at the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) ion channel. This study examined the cellular actions of anandamide in the midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG), a region implicated in the analgesic actions of cannabinoids, and which expresses both CB1 receptors and TRPV1. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vitro whole cell patch clamp recordings of glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were made from rat and mouse PAG slices. KEY RESULTS Capsaicin (1 µM) increased the rate, but not the amplitude of miniature EPSCs in subpopulations of neurons throughout the rat and mouse PAG. Capsaicin had no effect on miniature EPSCs in PAG neurons from TRPV1 knock-out mice. In mouse PAG neurons, anandamide (30 µM) had no effect on the rate of miniature EPSCs alone, or in the presence of either the CB1 antagonist AM251 (3 µM) or the TRPV1 antagonist iodoresiniferatoxin (300 nM). Anandamide produced a decrease in miniature EPSC rate in the presence of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 (1 µM). By contrast, anandamide produced an increase in miniature EPSC rate in the presence of both URB597 and AM251, which was absent in TRPV1 knock-out mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that the actions of anandamide within PAG are limited by enzymatic degradation by FAAH. FAAH blockade unmasks both presynaptic inhibition and excitation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission which are mediated via CB1 receptors and TRPV1 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kawahara
- Pain Management Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
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12
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Hofmann ME, Bhatia C, Frazier CJ. Cannabinoid receptor agonists potentiate action potential-independent release of GABA in the dentate gyrus through a CB1 receptor-independent mechanism. J Physiol 2011; 589:3801-21. [PMID: 21646412 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.211482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a novel excitatory effect of cannabinoid agonists on action potential-independent GABAergic transmission in the rat dentate gyrus. Specifically, we find that both WIN55,212-2 and anandamide increase the frequency of miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs)recorded from hilar mossy cells without altering event amplitude, area, rise time, or decay. The effect of WIN55,212-2 on mIPSCs is insensitive to AM251 and preserved in CB1 −/− animals,indicating that it does not depend on activation of CB1 receptors. It is also insensitive to AM630 and unaffected by capsazepine suggesting that neither CB2 nor TRPV1 receptors are involved. Further, it is blocked by pre-incubation in suramin and by a selective protein kinase A inhibitor (H-89), and is mimicked (and occluded) by bath application of forskolin. Similar CB1 receptor-independent facilitation of exocytosis is not apparent when recording evoked IPSCs in the presence of AM251, suggesting that the exocytotic mechanism that produces WIN55,212-2 sensitive mIPSCs is distinct from that which produces CB1 sensitive and action potential-dependent release. Despite clear independence from action potentials, WIN55,212-2 mediated facilitation of mIPSCs requires calcium, and yet is insensitive to chelation of calcium in the postsynaptic cell. Finally, we demonstrate that both bath application of 2-arachidonoylglycerol(2-AG) and depolarization-induced release of endogenous cannabinoids have minimal effect on mIPSC frequency. Cumulatively, our results indicate that cannabinoid ligands can selectively facilitate action potential-independent exocytosis of GABA in the rat dentate gyrus, and further emphasize that this new cannabinoid sensitive signalling system is distinct from previously described CB1 receptor-dependent systems in numerous respects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie E Hofmann
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Ledgerwood CJ, Greenwood SM, Brett RR, Pratt JA, Bushell TJ. Cannabidiol inhibits synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal cultures and slices via multiple receptor pathways. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:286-94. [PMID: 20825410 PMCID: PMC3012422 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cannabidiol (CBD) has emerged as an interesting compound with therapeutic potential in several CNS disorders. However, whether it can modulate synaptic activity in the CNS remains unclear. Here, we have investigated whether CBD modulates synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal cultures and acute slices. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of CBD on synaptic transmission was examined in rat hippocampal cultures and acute slices using whole cell patch clamp and standard extracellular recordings respectively. KEY RESULTS Cannabidiol decreased synaptic activity in hippocampal cultures in a concentration-dependent and Pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. The effects of CBD in culture were significantly reduced in the presence of the cannabinoid receptor (CB(1) ) inverse agonist, LY320135 but were unaffected by the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist, WAY100135. In hippocampal slices, CBD inhibited basal synaptic transmission, an effect that was abolished by the proposed CB(1) receptor antagonist, AM251, in addition to LY320135 and WAY100135. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Cannabidiol reduces synaptic transmission in hippocampal in vitro preparations and we propose a role for both 5-HT(1A) and CB(1) receptors in these CBD-mediated effects. These data offer some mechanistic insights into the effects of CBD and emphasize that further investigations into the actions of CBD in the CNS are required in order to elucidate the full therapeutic potential of CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Ledgerwood
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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14
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The endocannabinoid system tonically regulates inhibitory transmission and depresses the effect of ethanol in central amygdala. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010; 35:1962-72. [PMID: 20463657 PMCID: PMC2904853 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2010.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The central amygdala (CeA) has a major role in alcohol dependence and reinforcement, and behavioral and neurochemical evidence suggests a role for the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in ethanol binging and dependence. We used a slice preparation to investigate the physiological role of cannabinoids and their interaction with ethanol on inhibitory synaptic transmission in CeA. Superfusion of the cannabinoid receptor (CB1) agonist WIN55212-2 (WIN2) onto CeA neurons decreased evoked GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect prevented by the CB1 antagonists Rimonabant (SR141716, SR1) and AM251. SR1 or AM251 applied alone augmented IPSPs, revealing a tonic eCB activity that decreased inhibitory transmission in CeA. Paired-pulse analysis suggested a presynaptic CB1 mechanism. Intracellular BAPTA abolished the ability of AM251 to augment IPSPs, demonstrating the eCB-driven nature and postsynaptic origin of the tonic CB1-dependent control of GABA release. Superfusion of ethanol increased IPSPs and addition of WIN2 reversed the ethanol effect. Similarly, previous superfusion of WIN2 prevented subsequent ethanol effects on GABAergic transmission. The ethanol-induced augmentation of IPSPs was additive to CB1 blockade, ruling out a participation of CB1 in the action of acute ethanol. Our study points to an important role of CB1 in CeA in which the eCBs tonically regulate neuronal activity, and suggests a potent mechanism for modulating CeA tone during challenge with ethanol.
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15
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Reyes BAS, Rosario JC, Piana PMT, Van Bockstaele EJ. Cannabinoid modulation of cortical adrenergic receptors and transporters. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:3671-8. [PMID: 19533736 PMCID: PMC3278795 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that administration of the synthetic cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 causes an increase in norepinephrine (NE) efflux in the frontal cortex (FC). The present study examined the expression levels of alpha2- and beta1-adrenergic receptors (ARs) as well as the norepinephrine transporter (NET) in the FC of rats following exposure to WIN 55,212-2. Rats received systemic injection of WIN 55,212-2 (3 mg/kg) acutely or for 7 days. Another group of rats received repeated WIN 55,212-2 treatment followed by a period of abstinence. Control rats received vehicle injections. Rats were euthanized 30 min after the last WIN 55,212-2 injection, the FC was microdissected, and protein extracts were probed for alpha2-AR, beta1-AR, and NET. Results showed that beta1-AR expression was significantly decreased following repeated WIN 55,212-2 treatment but significantly increased following a period of abstinence. alpha2-AR expression showed no significant change in all groups examined. NET expression was significantly decreased following acute WIN 55,212-2 treatment, with no changes following chronic administration or a period of abstinence. Alterations in NET may arise from modulation of cannabinoid receptors (CB1) that are localized to noradrenergic axon terminals as we demonstrate colocalization of CB1 receptor and NET in the same cortical axonal processes. The present findings support significant alterations in adrenergic receptor and NET expression in the FC after WIN 55,212 exposure that may underlie the reported changes in attention, cognition, and anxiety commonly observed after cannabinoid exposure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzoxazines/administration & dosage
- Blotting, Western
- Cannabinoids/metabolism
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Frontal Lobe/drug effects
- Frontal Lobe/metabolism
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Male
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Morpholines/administration & dosage
- Naphthalenes/administration & dosage
- Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Cannabinoid/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- B A S Reyes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
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16
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Castaldo P, Magi S, Cataldi M, Arcangeli S, Lariccia V, Nasti AA, Ferraro L, Tomasini MC, Antonelli T, Cassano T, Cuomo V, Amoroso S. Altered regulation of glutamate release and decreased functional activity and expression of GLT1 and GLAST glutamate transporters in the hippocampus of adolescent rats perinatally exposed to Delta(9)-THC. Pharmacol Res 2009; 61:334-41. [PMID: 19941959 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The long-term effects of perinatal Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC) exposure - from gestational day (GD) 15 to postnatal day (PND) 9 - on hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission were studied in slices from the 40-day-old offspring of Delta(9)-THC exposed (Delta(9)-THC-rats) and vehicle-exposed (control) dams. Basal and in K+-evoked endogenous hippocampal glutamate outflow were both significantly decreased in Delta(9)-THC-rats. The effect of short Delta(9)-THC exposure (0.1microM) on K(+)-evoked glutamate release disclosed a loss of the stimulatory effect of Delta(9)-THC on hippocampal glutamate release in Delta(9)-THC-rats, but not in controls. In addition, l-[(3)H]-glutamate uptake was significantly lower in hippocampal slices from Delta(9)-THC-rats, where a significant decrease in glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) and glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) protein was also detected. Collectively, these data demonstrate that perinatal exposure to cannabinoids induces long-term impairment in hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission that persist into adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Castaldo
- Department of Neuroscience, University Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Serpa A, Ribeiro JA, Sebastião AM. Cannabinoid CB1 and adenosine A1 receptors independently inhibit hippocampal synaptic transmission. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 623:41-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 08/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Alexander SPH, Kendall DA. The life cycle of the endocannabinoids: formation and inactivation. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2009; 1:3-35. [PMID: 21104378 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-88955-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we summarise the current thinking about the nature of endocannabinoids. In describing the life cycle of these agents, we highlight the synthetic and catabolic enzymes suggested to be involved. For each of these, we provide a systematic analysis of information on sequence, subcellular and cellular distribution, as well as physiological and pharmacological substrates, enhancers and inhibitors, together with brief descriptions of the impact of manipulating enzyme levels through genetic mechanisms (dealt with in more detail in the chapter "Genetic Models of the Endocannabinoid System" by Monory and Lutz, this volume). In addition, we describe experiments investigating the stimulation of endocannabinoid synthesis and release in intact cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P H Alexander
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
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