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Glotzbach K, Stamm N, Weberskirch R, Faissner A. Cationic Hydrogels Modulate Neural Stem and Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Behavior in Dependence of Cationic Moiety Concentration in 2D Cell Culture. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3148-3163. [PMID: 38227432 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) has a limited regenerative capacity because a hostile environment prevents tissue regeneration after damage or injury. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are considered a potential resource for CNS repair, which raises the issue of adequate cultivation and expansion procedures. Cationic charge supports the survival and adhesion of NSPCs. Typically, tissue culture plates with cationic coatings, such as poly-l-ornithine (PLO), have been used to culture these cell types (NSPCs). Yet presently, little is known about the impact of cationic charge concentration on the viability, proliferation, and differentiation capacity of NSPCs. Therefore, we have recently developed well-defined, fully synthetic hydrogel systems G1 (gel 1) to G6 (gel 6) that allow for the precise control of the concentration of the cationic trimethylaminoethyl acrylate (TMAEA) molecule associated with the polymer in a range from 0.06 to 0.91 μmol/mg. When murine NSPCs were cultured on these gels under differentiation conditions, we observed a strong correlation of cationic charge concentration with NSPC survival. In particular, neurons were preferentially formed on gels with a higher cationic charge concentration, whereas astrocytes and oligodendrocytes favored weakly charged or even neutral gel surfaces. To test the properties of the gels under proliferative conditions, the NSPCs were cultivated in the presence of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). The cytokine significantly increased the number of NSPCs but delayed the differentiation toward neurons and glia cells. Thus, the hydrogels are compatible with the survival, expansion, and differentiation of NSPCs and may be useful to create supportive environments in transplantation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Glotzbach
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Nils Stamm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Ralf Weberskirch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
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Zhang Q, Chen Z, Zhang K, Zhu J, Jin T. FGF/FGFR system in the central nervous system demyelinating disease: Recent progress and implications for multiple sclerosis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1497-1511. [PMID: 36924298 PMCID: PMC10173727 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With millions of victims worldwide, multiple sclerosis is the second most common cause of disability among young adults. Although formidable advancements have been made in understanding the disease, the neurodegeneration associated with multiple sclerosis is only partially counteracted by current treatments, and effective therapy for progressive multiple sclerosis remains an unmet need. Therefore, new approaches are required to delay demyelination and the resulting disability and to restore neural function by promoting remyelination and neuronal repair. AIMS The article reviews the latest literature in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway is a promising target in progressive multiple sclerosis. DISCUSSION FGF signal transduction contributes to establishing the oligodendrocyte lineage, neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and myelination of the central nervous system. Furthermore, FGF signaling is implicated in the control of neuroinflammation. In recent years, interventions targeting FGF, and its receptor (FGFR) have been shown to ameliorate autoimmune encephalomyelitis symptoms in multiple sclerosis animal models moderately. CONCLUSION Here, we summarize the recent findings and investigate the role of FGF/FGFR signaling in the onset and progression, discuss the potential therapeutic advances, and offer fresh insights into managing multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Zhang
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Stomatology College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Latchoumane CFV, Chopra P, Sun L, Ahmed A, Palmieri F, Wu HF, Guerreso R, Thorne K, Zeltner N, Boons GJ, Karumbaiah L. Synthetic Heparan Sulfate Hydrogels Regulate Neurotrophic Factor Signaling and Neuronal Network Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:28476-28488. [PMID: 35708492 PMCID: PMC10108098 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) synthetic heparan sulfate (HS) constructs possess promising attributes for neural tissue engineering applications. However, their sulfation-dependent ability to facilitate molecular recognition and cell signaling has not yet been investigated. We hypothesized that fully sulfated synthetic HS constructs (bearing compound 1) that are functionalized with neural adhesion peptides will enhance fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) binding and complexation with FGF receptor-1 (FGFR1) to promote the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) when compared to constructs with unsulfated controls (bearing compound 2). We tested this hypothesis in vitro using 2D and 3D substrates consisting of different combinations of HS tetrasaccharides (compounds 3 and 4) and an engineered integrin-binding chimeric peptide (CP), which were assembled using strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) chemistry. Results indicated that the adhesion of hNSCs increased significantly when cultured on 2D glass substrates functionalized with chimeric peptide. hNSCs encapsulated in 1-CP hydrogels and cultured in media containing the mitogen FGF2 exhibited significantly higher neuronal differentiation when compared to hNSCs in 2-CP hydrogels. These observations were corroborated by Western blot analysis, which indicated the enhanced binding and retention of both FGF2 and FGFR1 by 1 as well as downstream phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and enhanced proliferation of hNSCs. Lastly, calcium activity imaging revealed that both 1 and 2 hydrogels supported the neuronal growth and activity of pre-differentiated human prefrontal cortex neurons. Collectively, these results demonstrate that synthetic HS hydrogels can be tailored to regulate growth factor signaling and neuronal fate and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Francois V Latchoumane
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Edgar L. Rhodes Center for ADS, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Pradeep Chopra
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Lifeng Sun
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3583, The Netherlands
| | - Aws Ahmed
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Francesco Palmieri
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3583, The Netherlands
| | - Hsueh-Fu Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Rebecca Guerreso
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Edgar L. Rhodes Center for ADS, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Kristen Thorne
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3583, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Lohitash Karumbaiah
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Edgar L. Rhodes Center for ADS, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Lehmann RJ, Jolly LA, Johnson BV, Lord MS, Kim HN, Saville JT, Fuller M, Byers S, Derrick-Roberts AL. Impaired neural differentiation of MPS IIIA patient induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 29:100811. [PMID: 34712574 PMCID: PMC8531667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) is characterised by a progressive neurological decline leading to early death. It is caused by bi-allelic loss-of-function mutations in SGSH encoding sulphamidase, a lysosomal enzyme required for heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycan (HS GAG) degradation, that results in the progressive build-up of HS GAGs in multiple tissues most notably the central nervous system (CNS). Skin fibroblasts from two MPS IIIA patients who presented with an intermediate and a severe clinical phenotype, respectively, were reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The intermediate MPS IIIA iPSCs were then differentiated into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and subsequently neurons. The patient derived fibroblasts, iPSCs, NPCs and neurons all displayed hallmark biochemical characteristics of MPS IIIA including reduced sulphamidase activity and increased accumulation of an MPS IIIA HS GAG biomarker. Proliferation of MPS IIIA iPSC-derived NPCs was reduced compared to control, but could be partially rescued by reintroducing functional sulphamidase enzyme, or by doubling the concentration of the mitogen fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). Whilst both control heparin, and MPS IIIA HS GAGs had a similar binding affinity for FGF2, only the latter inhibited FGF signalling, suggesting accumulated MPS IIIA HS GAGs disrupt the FGF2:FGF2 receptor:HS signalling complex. Neuronal differentiation of MPS IIIA iPSC-derived NPCs was associated with a reduction in the expression of neuronal cell marker genes βIII-TUBULIN, NF-H and NSE, revealing reduced neurogenesis compared to control. A similar result was achieved by adding MPS IIIA HS GAGs to the culture medium during neuronal differentiation of control iPSC-derived NPCs. This study demonstrates the generation of MPS IIIA iPSCs, and NPCs, the latter of which display reduced proliferation and neurogenic capacity. Reduced NPC proliferation can be explained by a model in which soluble MPS IIIA HS GAGs compete with cell surface HS for FGF2 binding. The mechanism driving reduced neurogenesis remains to be determined but appears downstream of MPS IIIA HS GAG accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Lehmann
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology (at the Women's and Children's Hospital), 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Lachlan A. Jolly
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Brett V. Johnson
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Megan S. Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ha Na Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jennifer T. Saville
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology (at the Women's and Children's Hospital), 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Maria Fuller
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology (at the Women's and Children's Hospital), 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Sharon Byers
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology (at the Women's and Children's Hospital), 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ainslie L.K. Derrick-Roberts
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology (at the Women's and Children's Hospital), 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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The interplay of neurovasculature and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Neurosci Lett 2021; 760:136071. [PMID: 34147540 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus provides a local microenvironment (niche) for neural stem cells. In the adult brain, it has been established that the vascular compartment of such niches has a significant role in regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis. More recently, evidence showed that neurovascular coupling, the relationship between blood flow and neuronal activity, also regulates hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we review the most recent articles on addressing the intricate relationship between neurovasculature and adult hippocampal neurogenesis and a novel pathway where functional hyperemia enhances hippocampal neurogenesis. In the end, we have further reviewed recent research showing that impaired neurovascular coupling may cause declined neurogenesis and contribute to brain damage in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Gascon S, Jann J, Langlois-Blais C, Plourde M, Lavoie C, Faucheux N. Peptides Derived from Growth Factors to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116071. [PMID: 34199883 PMCID: PMC8200100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive neuron losses in memory-related brain structures. The classical features of AD are a dysregulation of the cholinergic system, the accumulation of amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. Unfortunately, current treatments are unable to cure or even delay the progression of the disease. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies have emerged, such as the exogenous administration of neurotrophic factors (e.g., NGF and BDNF) that are deficient or dysregulated in AD. However, their low capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier and their exorbitant cost currently limit their use. To overcome these limitations, short peptides mimicking the binding receptor sites of these growth factors have been developed. Such peptides can target selective signaling pathways involved in neuron survival, differentiation, and/or maintenance. This review focuses on growth factors and their derived peptides as potential treatment for AD. It describes (1) the physiological functions of growth factors in the brain, their neuronal signaling pathways, and alteration in AD; (2) the strategies to develop peptides derived from growth factor and their capacity to mimic the role of native proteins; and (3) new advancements and potential in using these molecules as therapeutic treatments for AD, as well as their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Gascon
- Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, 2500 Boulevard Université, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (S.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Jessica Jann
- Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, 2500 Boulevard Université, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (S.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Chloé Langlois-Blais
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l’Estrie–Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 1B1, Canada;
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Christine Lavoie
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue, N., Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (N.F.); Tel.: +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 72732) (C.L.); +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 61343) (N.F.)
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, 2500 Boulevard Université, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (S.G.); (J.J.)
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue, N., Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (N.F.); Tel.: +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 72732) (C.L.); +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 61343) (N.F.)
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The Role of Neurotrophic Factors in Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1305:257-272. [PMID: 33834404 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
According to the neurotrophic hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD), impairment in growth factor signaling might be associated with the pathology of this illness. Current evidence demonstrates that impaired neuroplasticity induced by alterations of neurotrophic growth factors and related signaling pathways may be underlying to the pathophysiology of MDD. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most studied neurotrophic factor involved in the neurobiology of MDD. Nevertheless, developing evidence has implicated other neurotrophic factors, including neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in the MDD pathophysiology. Here, we summarize the current literature on the involvement of neurotrophic factors and related signaling pathways in the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Hayashida M, Hashioka S, Hayashida K, Miura S, Tsuchie K, Araki T, Izuhara M, Kanayama M, Otsuki K, Nagahama M, Jaya MA, Arauchi R, Wake R, Oh-Nishi A, Horiguchi J, Miyaoka T, Inagaki M, Morita E. Low Serum Levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in Gunn Rats: A Hyperbilirubinemia Animal Model of Schizophrenic Symptoms. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:503-508. [PMID: 32729434 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319999200729153907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 2 (also referred to as basic FGF) is a multifunctional growth factor that plays a pivotal role in the pro-survival, pro-migration and prodifferentiation of neurons. METHOD Because alterations in FGF2 levels are suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, we investigated serum levels of FGF2 in the Gunn rat, a hyperbilirubinemia animal model of schizophrenic symptoms. RESULTS The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the serum levels of FGF2 in Gunn rats were 5.09 ± 0.236 pg/mL, while those in the normal strain Wistar rats, serum levels were 11.90 ± 2.142 pg/mL. The serum FGF2 levels in Gunn rats were significantly lower than those in Wistar rats. We also measured serum levels of Unconjugated Bilirubin (UCB) and found a significant negative correlation between UCB and FGF2 in terms of serum levels in all the rats studied. CONCLUSION Since it is known that FGF2 regulates dopaminergic neurons and have antineuroinflammatory effects, our finding suggests that low FGF2 levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, in which imbalanced dopamin-ergic signaling and neuroinflammation are supposed to play certain roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Hayashida
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Sadayuki Hashioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Kenji Hayashida
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Shoko Miura
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Keiko Tsuchie
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Tomoko Araki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Muneto Izuhara
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Misako Kanayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Koji Otsuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Michiharu Nagahama
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Muhammad Alim Jaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Arauchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Rei Wake
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Arata Oh-Nishi
- Department of Immuno-Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Jun Horiguchi
- Department of Immuno-Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyaoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Inagaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Eishin Morita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
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Kang W, Nguyen KCQ, Hébert JM. Transient Redirection of SVZ Stem Cells to Oligodendrogenesis by FGFR3 Activation Promotes Remyelination. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 12:1223-1231. [PMID: 31189094 PMCID: PMC6565886 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulating oligodendrocyte (OL) production from endogenous progenitor cells is an important strategy for myelin repair and functional restoration after disease or injury-induced demyelination. Subventricular zone (SVZ) stem cells are multipotential, generating neurons and oligodendroglia. The factors that regulate the fate of these stem cells are poorly defined. In this study, we show that genetically increasing fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3) activity in adult SVZ stem cells transiently and dramatically redirects their differentiation from the neuronal to the oligodendroglial lineage after pathological demyelination. The increased SVZ-derived oligodendrogenesis leads to improved OL regeneration and myelin repair, not only in the corpus callosum (a normal destination for SVZ-derived oligodendroglial cells), but also in the lower cortical layers. This study identifies FGF signaling as a potent target for improving endogenous SVZ-derived OL regeneration and remyelination. Adult neuronal progenitors with increased FGFR activity switch to gliogenesis in vivo FGFR-induced increase in OPCs (30-fold) and oligodendrocytes (10-fold) is reversible FGFR-induced increase in oligodendrocytes results in remyelination after chronic insult
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ken C Q Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jean M Hébert
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Cheng J, Chen M, Zhu JX, Li CF, Zhang QP, Geng D, Liu Q, Yi LT. FGF-2 signaling activation in the hippocampus contributes to the behavioral and cellular responses to puerarin. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:91-99. [PMID: 31251937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin, a well-studied isoflavone isolated from Pueraria lobata, produces an antidepressant-like effect. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is essentially required in the central nervous system as it acts as both a neurotrophic or anti-inflammatory regulator for the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of neurons. There is evidence that FGF-2 holds great promise for therapeutic intervention for depression. However, nothing was known about the involvement of FGF-2 in the antidepressant-like effect of puerarin. In the present study, the underlying mechanism of puerarin was evaluated in chronic stress induced depressive-like mice. The results indicated that puerarin treatment was effective to attenuate anhedonia and despair behaviors caused by chronic stress, as the sucrose preference and the immobility time were improved by puerarin. In addition, the results demonstrated that puerarin increased the expression of FGF-2 in the hippocampus. On the contrary, SU5402, an FGFR1 inhibitor, infusion into the brain could not only block the antidepressant-like effect of puerarin, but also abolish the effect of puerarin on hippocampal neurogenesis enhancement and neuroinflammation inhibition. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into the mechanism that the antidepressant-like actions of puerarin require FGF-2/FGFR signaling for the regulation of neurogenesis and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Ji-Xiao Zhu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Cheng-Fu Li
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361009, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Qiu-Ping Zhang
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361009, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Di Geng
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China.
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11
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Urbach A, Witte OW. Divide or Commit - Revisiting the Role of Cell Cycle Regulators in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:55. [PMID: 31069222 PMCID: PMC6491688 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult dentate gyrus continuously generates new neurons that endow the brain with increased plasticity, helping to cope with changing environmental and cognitive demands. The process leading to the birth of new neurons spans several precursor stages and is the result of a coordinated series of fate decisions, which are tightly controlled by extrinsic signals. Many of these signals act through modulation of cell cycle (CC) components, not only to drive proliferation, but also for linage commitment and differentiation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on key CC components and regulators, with emphasis on G1 phase, and analyze their specific functions in precursor cells of the adult hippocampus. We explore their role for balancing quiescence versus self-renewal, which is essential to maintain a lifelong pool of neural stem cells while producing new neurons “on demand.” Finally, we discuss available evidence and controversies on the impact of CC/G1 length on proliferation versus differentiation decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Urbach
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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12
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Intrauterine growth restriction and development of the hippocampus: implications for learning and memory in children and adolescents. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2018; 2:755-764. [PMID: 30236384 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(18)30245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is often the result of compromised placental function and suboptimal uteroplacental blood flow. Children born with IUGR have impaired cognitive functioning and specific memory deficits, indicating long-lasting impairments in hippocampal functioning; indeed, hippocampal volume is reduced in infants with IUGR. Animal studies have provided valuable insight into the nature of deficits in hippocampal-dependent functions observed in children born with IUGR; outcomes of experimental IUGR reveal reduced neuron numbers and morphological alterations in the cornu ammonis fields 1 and 3 and dentate gyrus subregions of the hippocampus. However, whether such early and ongoing structural changes in the hippocampus could account for deficits in spatial memory reported in adolescent rats with IUGR is yet to be established. Understanding the association between hippocampal structural and functional alterations in IUGR will aid in the development of interventions to minimise the effect of IUGR on the hippocampus and long-term cognitive outcomes.
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13
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Levy MJF, Boulle F, Steinbusch HW, van den Hove DLA, Kenis G, Lanfumey L. Neurotrophic factors and neuroplasticity pathways in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:2195-2220. [PMID: 29961124 PMCID: PMC6061771 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a major health problem with a high prevalence and a heavy socioeconomic burden in western societies. It is associated with atrophy and impaired functioning of cortico-limbic regions involved in mood and emotion regulation. It has been suggested that alterations in neurotrophins underlie impaired neuroplasticity, which may be causally related to the development and course of depression. Accordingly, mounting evidence suggests that antidepressant treatment may exert its beneficial effects by enhancing trophic signaling on neuronal and synaptic plasticity. However, current antidepressants still show a delayed onset of action, as well as lack of efficacy. Hence, a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of depression, as well as in the action of antidepressants, might provide further insight to drive the development of novel fast-acting and more effective therapies. Here, we summarize the current literature on the involvement of neurotrophic factors in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Further, we advocate that future development of antidepressants should be based on the neurotrophin theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion J F Levy
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (Inserm U894), Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la santé, 75014, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabien Boulle
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (Inserm U894), Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la santé, 75014, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry W Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël L A van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (Inserm U894), Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la santé, 75014, Paris, France.
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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14
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Taetzsch T, Brayman VL, Valdez G. FGF binding proteins (FGFBPs): Modulators of FGF signaling in the developing, adult, and stressed nervous system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2983-2991. [PMID: 29902550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family are involved in a variety of cellular processes. In the nervous system, they affect the differentiation and migration of neurons, the formation and maturation of synapses, and the repair of neuronal circuits following insults. Because of the varied yet critical functions of FGF ligands, their availability and activity must be tightly regulated for the nervous system, as well as other tissues, to properly develop and function in adulthood. In this regard, FGF binding proteins (FGFBPs) have emerged as strong candidates for modulating the actions of secreted FGFs in neural and non-neural tissues. Here, we will review the roles of FGFBPs in the peripheral and central nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Taetzsch
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA.
| | - Vanessa L Brayman
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Gregorio Valdez
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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15
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Zhu H, Qiao L, Sun Y, Yin L, Huang L, Jiang L, Li J. Basic fibroblast growth factor enhances cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of neonatal rats following hypoxic–ischemic brain damage. Neurosci Lett 2018; 673:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Tang MM, Lin WJ, Zhang JT, Zhao YW, Li YC. Exogenous FGF2 reverses depressive-like behaviors and restores the suppressed FGF2-ERK1/2 signaling and the impaired hippocampal neurogenesis induced by neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:322-331. [PMID: 28529071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous work demonstrated that neuroinflammation evoked by triple repeated central LPS challenges inhibited adult hippocampal neurogenesis that were correlated with the depressive-like behavioral symptoms induced by neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that hippocampal neurogenesis might be one of biological mechanisms underlying depression induced by neuroinflammation and targeting neurogenesis might lead to new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of depression. In this study, we manipulated adult hippocampal neurogenesis using fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), one crucial molecule modulating cell proliferation and survival in central nervous system, and investigate the involvement and the potential therapeutic effects of FGF2 on neuroinflammation-induced depression. Central lipopolysaccharides (LPS) challenges were used as previously to evoke the neuroinflammatory state in the brain of rat. Exogenous FGF2 was infused into lateral ventricle during the neuroinflammatory state. It was found that the protein expression of FGF2 in hippocampus was inhibited by neuroinflammation. The activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), the downstream molecule of FGF2, was also inhibited by neuroinflammation. Exogenous FGF2 infusions prevented the decrease in phosphorylation of ERK1/2 under neuroinflammation state. Exogenous FGF2 reversed depressive-like behaviors and the impaired hippocampal neurogenesis induced by neuroinflammation. These findings provide evidence that the FGF2-ERK1/2 pathway is involved in the pathophysiology of depressive-like behaviors, and manipulating the neurogenesis pathway is a viable therapeutic approach to inflammation-associated depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Juan Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Brain-Behavior Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jun-Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Wei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Cong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
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17
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Gremmelspacher T, Gerlach J, Hubbe A, Haas CA, Häussler U. Neurogenic Processes Are Induced by Very Short Periods of Voluntary Wheel-Running in Male Mice. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:385. [PMID: 28751854 PMCID: PMC5508020 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Even in the adult mammalian brain progenitor cells proliferate and give rise to young neurons which integrate into the neuronal network. The dentate gyrus possesses such a neurogenic niche reactive to external stimuli like physical activity. In most studies mice or rats have been exposed to wheel running for periods of several weeks to activate neurogenesis while early neurogenic processes induced by very short running periods are less well understood. To address this issue, we allowed male C57Bl/6 mice free access to a running wheel for 2 or 7 days. We injected bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) before the last running night, respectively, and quantified cell proliferation with immunocytochemistry for BrdU and Ki-67. Furthermore, we performed immunocytochemistry for doublecortin (DCX) and real-time RT-qPCR for NeuroD1 to characterize and quantify changes in neurogenesis on the protein and mRNA level. Real-time RT-qPCR for neurogenic niche factors (BDNF, FGF-2, BMP4, Noggin) was used to detect changes in the molecular composition of the neurogenic niche. Interestingly, we observed that cell proliferation was already affected after 2 days of running showing a transient decrease, which was followed by a rebound with increased proliferation after 7 days. Neurogenesis was stimulated after 2 days of running, reflected by elevated NeuroD1 mRNA levels, and it was significantly increased after 7 days as indicated by DCX immunostaining. On the level of niche factors we observed changes in expression in favor of neuronal differentiation (increased BDNF mRNA expression) and proliferation (decreased BMP4 mRNA expression) already after 2 days, although increased proliferation is reflected on the cellular level only later. In summary, our data show that 2 days of running are sufficient to activate neurogenic processes and we hypothesize that a strong pressure toward differentiation privileges neurogenesis while proliferation lags behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gremmelspacher
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gerlach
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany.,BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
| | - Alix Hubbe
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
| | - Carola A Haas
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany.,BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Häussler
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany.,BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
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18
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Lee SH, Jin WP, Seo NR, Pang KM, Kim B, Kim SM, Lee JH. Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-2 promotes nerve regeneration and functional recovery after mental nerve crush injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:629-636. [PMID: 28553345 PMCID: PMC5436363 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.205104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) can directly affect axon regeneration after peripheral nerve damage. In this study, we performed sensory tests and histological analyses to study the effect of recombinant human FGF-2 (rhFGF2) treatment on damaged mental nerves. The mental nerves of 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were crush-injured for 1 minute and then treated with 10 or 50 μg/mL rhFGF2 or PBS in crush injury area with a mini Osmotic pump. Sensory test using von Frey filaments at 1 week revealed the presence of sensory degeneration based on decreased gap score and increased difference score. However, at 2 weeks, the gap score and difference score were significantly rebounded in the mental nerve crush group treated with 10 μg/mL rhFGF2. Interestingly, treatment with 10 μg/mL rhFGF had a more obviously positive effect on the gap score than treatment with 50 μg/mL rhFGF2. In addition, retrograde neuronal tracing with Dil revealed a significant increase in nerve regeneration in the trigeminal ganglion at 2 and 4 weeks in the rhFGF2 groups (10 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL) than in the PBS group. The 10 μg/mL rhFGF2 group also showed an obviously robust regeneration in axon density in the mental nerve at 4 weeks. Our results demonstrate that 10 μg/mL rhFGF induces mental nerve regeneration and sensory recovery after mental nerve crush injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Lee
- Dental Research Institute, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wei-Peng Jin
- Dental Research Institute, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Ri Seo
- Dental Research Institute, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Mi Pang
- Dental Research Institute, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bongju Kim
- Dental Life Science Research Institute, Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soung-Min Kim
- Dental Research Institute, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Dental Research Institute, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Weissleder C, Fung SJ, Wong MW, Barry G, Double KL, Halliday GM, Webster MJ, Weickert CS. Decline in Proliferation and Immature Neuron Markers in the Human Subependymal Zone during Aging: Relationship to EGF- and FGF-Related Transcripts. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:274. [PMID: 27932973 PMCID: PMC5123444 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblasts exist within the human subependymal zone (SEZ); however, it is debated to what extent neurogenesis changes during normal aging. It is also unknown how precursor proliferation may correlate with the generation of neuronal and glial cells or how expression of growth factors and receptors may change throughout the adult lifespan. We found evidence of dividing cells in the human SEZ (n D 50) in conjunction with a dramatic age-related decline (21-103 years) of mRNAs indicative of proliferating cells (Ki67) and immature neurons (doublecortin). Microglia mRNA (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1) increased during aging, whereas transcript levels of stem/precursor cells (glial fibrillary acidic protein delta and achaete-scute homolog 1), astrocytes (vimentin and pan-glial fibrillary acidic protein), and oligodendrocytes (oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2) remained stable. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) mRNAs increased throughout adulthood, while transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), EGF, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ErbB4) and FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) mRNAs were unchanged across adulthood. Cell proliferation mRNA positively correlated with FGFR1 transcripts. Immature neuron and oligodendrocyte marker expression positively correlated with TGFα and ErbB4 mRNAs, whilst astrocyte transcripts positively correlated with EGF, FGF2, and FGFR1 mRNAs. Microglia mRNA positively correlated with EGF and FGF2 expression. Our findings indicate that neurogenesis in the human SEZ continues well into adulthood, although proliferation and neuronal differentiation may decline across adulthood. We suggest that mRNA expression of EGF- and FGF-related family members do not become limited during aging and may modulate neuronal and glial fate determination in the SEZ throughout human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Weissleder
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydney, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research InstituteSydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha J Fung
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydney, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research InstituteSydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew W Wong
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydney, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research InstituteSydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Guy Barry
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Clinical School and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kay L Double
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maree J Webster
- Laboratory of Brain Research, The Stanley Medical Research Institute Kensington, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydney, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research InstituteSydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Chen P, Yan Q, Wang S, Wang C, Zhao P. Transfer of three transcription factors via a lentiviral vector ameliorates spatial learning and memory impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Gene 2016; 587:59-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Baum P, Vogt MA, Gass P, Unsicker K, von Bohlen und Halbach O. FGF-2 deficiency causes dysregulation of Arhgef6 and downstream targets in the cerebral cortex accompanied by altered neurite outgrowth and dendritic spine morphology. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 50:55-64. [PMID: 26970009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) is an abundant growth factor in the brain and exerts multiple functions on neural cells ranging from cell division, cell fate determination to differentiation. However, many details of the molecular mechanisms underlying the diverse functions of FGF-2 are poorly understood. In a comparative microarray analysis of motor sensory cortex (MSC) tissue of adult knockout (FGF-2(-/-)) and control (FGF-2(+/+)) mice, we found a substantial number of regulated genes, which are implicated in cytoskeletal machinery dynamics. Specifically, we found a prominent downregulation of Arhgef6. Arhgef6 mRNA was significantly reduced in the FGF-2(-/-) cortex, and Arhgef6 protein virtually absent, while RhoA protein levels were massively increased and Cdc42 protein levels were reduced. Since Arhgef6 is localized to dendritic spines, we next analyzed dendritic spines of adult FGF2(-/-) and control mouse cortices. Spine densities were significantly increased, whereas mean length of spines on dendrites of layer V of MSC neurons in adult FGF-2(-/-) mice was significantly decreased as compared to respective controls. Furthermore, neurite length in dissociated cortical cultures from E18 FGF-2(-/-) mice was significantly reduced at DIV7 as compared to wildtype neurons. Despite the fact that altered neuronal morphology and alterations in dendritic spines were observed, FGF-2(-/-) mice behave relatively unsuspicious in several behavioral tasks. However, FGF-2(-/-) mice exhibited decreased thermal pain sensitivity in the hotplate-test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baum
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Germany; Anatomy & Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam A Vogt
- AG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Germany; RG Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Head and Neck Surgery Tübingen Hearing, Research Center (THRC),Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Gass
- AG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Unsicker
- Anatomy & Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, University of Freiburg, Germany
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22
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Hensel N, Schön A, Konen T, Lübben V, Förthmann B, Baron O, Grothe C, Leifheit-Nestler M, Claus P, Haffner D. Fibroblast growth factor 23 signaling in hippocampal cells: impact on neuronal morphology and synaptic density. J Neurochem 2016; 137:756-69. [PMID: 26896818 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is predominantly secreted by osteocytes and facilitates renal phosphate excretion. However, FGF23 is also present in cerebrospinal fluid. In chronic kidney disease, FGF23 serum levels are excessively elevated and associated with learning and memory deficits. Structural plasticity of the hippocampus such as formation of new synapses or an altered dendritic arborization comprises a cellular and morphological correlate of memory formation. Therefore, we hypothesize that FGF23 alters hippocampal neuron morphology and synapses. To address this, we prepared primary murine hippocampal cultures and incubated them with recombinant FGF23 alone or together with a soluble isoform of its co-receptor α-Klotho. Neuronal expression of a fluorescent reporter allowed for a detailed evaluation of the neuronal morphology by Sholl analysis. Additionally, we evaluated synaptic density, identified by stainings, for synaptic markers. We show an enhanced number of primary neurites combined with a reduced arborization, resulting in a less complex morphology of neurons treated with FGF23. Moreover, FGF23 enhances the synaptic density in a FGF-receptor (FGF-R) dependent manner. Finally, we addressed the corresponding signaling events downstream of FGF-R employing a combination of western blots and quantitative immunofluorescence. Interestingly, FGF23 induces phospholipase Cγ activity in primary hippocampal neurons. Co-application of soluble α-Klotho leads to activation of the Akt-pathway and modifies FGF23-impact on neuronal morphology and synaptic density. Compared with other FGFs, this alternative signaling pattern is a possible reason for differential effects of FGF23 on hippocampal neurons and may thereby contribute to learning and memory deficits in chronic kidney disease patients. In this study, we show that fibroblast growth factor 23 inhibits neuronal ramification and enhances the synaptic density in primary hippocampal cultures accompanied by phospholipase Cγ-activation. Co-application of the co-receptor α-Klotho leads to an Akt-activation and further modifies neuronal morphology and number of synapses. Those effects provide a mechanistic basis for memory deficits in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) characterized by excessively elevated FGF23 levels as well as memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Hensel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Schön
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Timo Konen
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Verena Lübben
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Center of Systems Neuroscience (ZSN) Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Olga Baron
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Grothe
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Center of Systems Neuroscience (ZSN) Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren Leifheit-Nestler
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Center of Systems Neuroscience (ZSN) Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dieter Haffner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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23
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Kuhn HG. Control of Cell Survival in Adult Mammalian Neurogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2015; 7:cshperspect.a018895. [PMID: 26511628 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The fact that continuous proliferation of stem cells and progenitors, as well as the production of new neurons, occurs in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) raises several basic questions concerning the number of neurons required in a particular system. Can we observe continued growth of brain regions that sustain neurogenesis? Or does an elimination mechanism exist to maintain a constant number of cells? If so, are old neurons replaced, or are the new neurons competing for limited network access among each other? What signals support their survival and integration and what factors are responsible for their elimination? This review will address these and other questions regarding regulatory mechanisms that control cell-death and cell-survival mechanisms during neurogenesis in the intact adult mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Georg Kuhn
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 90, Sweden
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24
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Repetitive magnetic stimulation promotes neural stem cells proliferation by upregulating MiR-106b in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:766-772. [PMID: 26489637 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation can be influenced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in vivo via microRNA-106b-25 cluster, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study investigated the involvement of microRNA-106b-25 cluster in the proliferation of NSCs after repetitive magnetic stimulation (rMS) in vitro. NSCs were stimulated by rMS (200/400/600/800/1000 pulses per day, with 10 Hz frequency and 50% maximum machine output) over a 3-day period. NSCs proliferation was detected by using ki-67 and EdU staining. Ki-67, p21, p57, cyclinD1, cyclinE, cyclinA, cdk2, cdk4 proteins and miR-106b, miR-93, miR-25 mRNAs were detected by Western blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. The results showed that rMS could promote NSCs proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The proportions of ki-67+ and Edu+ cells in 1000 pulses group were 20.65% and 4.00%, respectively, significantly higher than those in control group (9.25%, 2.05%). The expression levels of miR-106b and miR-93 were significantly upregulated in 600-1000 pulses groups compared with control group (P<0.05 or 0.01 for all). The expression levels of p21 protein were decreased significantly in 800/1000 pulses groups, and those of cyclinD1, cyclinA, cyclinE, cdk2 and cdk4 were obviously increased after rMS as compared with control group (P<0.05 or 0.01 for all). In conclusion, our findings suggested that rMS enhances the NSCs proliferation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner and miR-106b/p21/cdks/cyclins pathway was involved in the process.
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FGF Signaling Is Necessary for Neurogenesis in Young Mice and Sufficient to Reverse Its Decline in Old Mice. J Neurosci 2015; 35:10217-23. [PMID: 26180198 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1469-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The mechanisms regulating hippocampal neurogenesis remain poorly understood. Particularly unclear is the extent to which age-related declines in hippocampal neurogenesis are due to an innate decrease in precursor cell performance or to changes in the environment of these cells. Several extracellular signaling factors that regulate hippocampal neurogenesis have been identified. However, the role of one important family, FGFs, remains uncertain. Although a body of literature suggests that FGFs can promote the proliferation of cultured adult hippocampal precursor cells, their requirement for adult hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo and the cell types within the neurogenic lineage that might depend on FGFs remain unclear. Here, specifically targeting adult neural precursor cells, we conditionally express an activated form of an FGF receptor or delete the FGF receptors that are expressed in these cells. We find that FGF receptors are required for neural stem-cell maintenance and that an activated receptor expressed in all precursors can increase the number of neurons produced. Moreover, in older mice, an activated FGF receptor can rescue the age-related decline in neurogenesis to a level found in young adults. These results suggest that the decrease in neurogenesis with age is not simply due to fewer stem cells, but also to declining signals in their niche. Thus, enhancing FGF signaling in precursors can be used to reverse age-related declines in hippocampal neurogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hippocampal deficits can result from trauma, neurodegeneration, or aging and can lead to loss of memory and mood control. The addition of new neurons to the hippocampus facilitates memory formation, but how this process is regulated and how we might manipulate it to reverse hippocampal dysfunction remains unclear. The FGF signaling pathway has been hypothesized to be important, but its role in generating new neurons had been poorly defined. Our study indicates that FGF signaling maintains and expands subsets of neural precursor cells. Moreover, in older mice, increasing FGF signaling is sufficient to reverse the decline in neuron production to levels found in young adults, providing a potential means of reversing age-related hippocampal deficits.
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Jun H, Mohammed Qasim Hussaini S, Cho CH, Welby J, Jang MH. Gadd45b Mediates Electroconvulsive Shock Induced Proliferation of Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells. Brain Stimul 2015; 8:1021-1024. [PMID: 26281755 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive shock (ECS), also known as an electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), is an effective and safe treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders including pharmacoresistant major depressive disorder. Previous research in animal models suggests ECS efficacy is achieved by Gadd45b-mediated increases in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS The present study aims to delineate the role of Gadd45b in mediating proliferation of neural stem cell types including quiescent radial glia-like (RGL) and amplifying non-radial glia-like (non-RGL) neural precursors following ECS. METHODS RGL and non-RGL neural stem cell populations defined by co-localization of MCM2+ and nestin+ cells and morphologically by the presence of radial processes were stereologically analyzed. RESULTS ECS increased hippocampal density of both quiescent RGLs and amplifying non-RGLs. CONCLUSIONS Gadd45b mediates the action of ECS-induced proliferation through activation of quiescent neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heechul Jun
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Chang Hoon Cho
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - John Welby
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mi-Hyeon Jang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Wesseling H, Want EJ, Guest PC, Rahmoune H, Holmes E, Bahn S. Hippocampal Proteomic and Metabonomic Abnormalities in Neurotransmission, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptotic Pathways in a Chronic Phencyclidine Rat Model. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3174-87. [PMID: 26043028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder affecting 1% of the world's population. Due to both a broad range of symptoms and disease heterogeneity, current therapeutic approaches to treat schizophrenia fail to address all symptomatic manifestations of the disease. Therefore, disease models that reproduce core pathological features of schizophrenia are needed for the elucidation of pathological disease mechanisms. Here, we employ a comprehensive global label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry proteomic (LC-MS(E)) and metabonomic (LC-MS) profiling analysis combined with the targeted proteomics (selected reaction monitoring and multiplex immunoassay) of serum and brain tissues to investigate a chronic phencyclidine (PCP) rat model in which glutamatergic hypofunction is induced through noncompetitive NMDAR-receptor antagonism. Using a multiplex immunoassay, we identified alterations in the levels of several cytokines (IL-5, IL-2, and IL-1β) and fibroblast growth factor-2. Extensive proteomic and metabonomic brain tissue profiling revealed a more prominent effect of chronic PCP treatment on both the hippocampal proteome and metabonome compared to the effect on the frontal cortex. Bioinformatic pathway analysis confirmed prominent abnormalities in NMDA-receptor-associated pathways in both brain regions, as well as alterations in other neurotransmitter systems such as kainate, AMPA, and GABAergic signaling in the hippocampus and in proteins associated with neurodegeneration. We further identified abundance changes in the level of the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SODC) in both the frontal cortex and hippocampus, which indicates alterations in oxidative stress and substantiates the apoptotic pathway alterations. The present study could lead to an increased understanding of how perturbed glutamate receptor signaling affects other relevant biological pathways in schizophrenia and, therefore, support drug discovery efforts for the improved treatment of patients suffering from this debilitating psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Wesseling
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, U.K
| | - Elizabeth J Want
- ‡Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Paul C Guest
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, U.K
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, U.K
| | - Elaine Holmes
- ‡Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Sabine Bahn
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, U.K.,§Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Dokter M, von Bohlen und Halbach O. Neurogenesis within the adult hippocampus under physiological conditions and in depression. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:552-9. [PMID: 25745444 PMCID: PMC4349005 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis can only be observed in some specific brain regions. One of these areas is the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. The progenitor cells located in the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus proliferate, differentiate, and give rise to young neurons that can become integrated into existing neuronal circuits. Under physiological conditions, hippocampal neurogenesis is linked to hippocampal-dependent learning, whereas deficits in adult hippocampal neurogenesis have been shown to correlate with disturbances in spatial learning and memory. This review summarizes the phenomenon of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and the use of suitable markers for the investigation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In addition, we focused on the disturbances in neurogenesis that can be seen in depression. Interestingly, several antidepressants have been found to be capable of increasing the rate of hippocampal neurogenesis. Based on that, it can be speculated that factors, which directly or indirectly increase the rate of hippocampal neurogenesis, may be helpful in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dokter
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Germany
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29
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Katsouri L, Ashraf A, Birch AM, Lee KKL, Mirzaei N, Sastre M. Systemic administration of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) reduces BACE1 expression and amyloid pathology in APP23 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:821-31. [PMID: 25457554 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is an emerging evidence that growth factors may have a potential beneficial use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) because of their neuroprotective properties and effects on neuronal proliferation. Basic fibroblast growth factor or fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) is an anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and neurotrophic factor that is expressed in many cell types, including neurons and glial cells. Here, we explored whether subcutaneous administration of FGF2 could have therapeutic effects in the APP 23 transgenic mouse, a model of amyloid pathology. FGF2 treatment attenuated spatial memory deficits, reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathologies, decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and increased the number of astrocytes in the dentate gyrus in APP 23 mice compared with the vehicle-treated controls. The decrease in Aβ deposition was associated with a reduction in the expression of BACE1, the main enzyme responsible for Aβ generation. These results were confirmed in a neuroblastoma cell line, which demonstrated that incubation with FGF2 regulates BACE1 transcription. In addition, and in contrast with what has been previously published, the levels of FGF2 were reduced in postmortem brains from AD patients compared with controls. These data, therefore, suggest that systemic administration of FGF2 could have a potential therapeutic application in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukia Katsouri
- Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Azhaar Ashraf
- Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amy M Birch
- Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin K L Lee
- Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nazanin Mirzaei
- Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Magdalena Sastre
- Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Natarajan R, Singal V, Benes R, Gao J, Chan H, Chen H, Yu Y, Zhou J, Wu P. STAT3 modulation to enhance motor neuron differentiation in human neural stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100405. [PMID: 24945434 PMCID: PMC4063761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis damages spinal motor neurons and forms a glial scar, which prevents neural regeneration. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a critical role in astrogliogenesis and scar formation, and thus a fine modulation of STAT3 signaling may help to control the excessive gliogenic environment and enhance neural repair. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of STAT3 inhibition on human neural stem cells (hNSCs). In vitro hNSCs primed with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) exhibited a lower level of phosphorylated STAT3 than cells primed by epidermal growth factor (EGF), which correlated with a higher number of motor neurons differentiated from FGF2-primed hNSCs. Treatment with STAT3 inhibitors, Stattic and Niclosamide, enhanced motor neuron differentiation only in FGF2-primed hNSCs, as shown by increased homeobox gene Hb9 mRNA levels as well as HB9+ and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2)+ co-labeled cells. The increased motor neuron differentiation was accompanied by a decrease in the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes. Interestingly, Stattic and Niclosamide did not affect the level of STAT3 phosphorylation; rather, they perturbed the nuclear translocation of phosphorylated STAT3. In summary, we demonstrate that FGF2 is required for motor neuron differentiation from hNSCs and that inhibition of STAT3 further increases motor neuron differentiation at the expense of astrogliogenesis. Our study thus suggests a potential benefit of targeting the STAT3 pathway for neurotrauma or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalaxmi Natarajan
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vinamrata Singal
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard Benes
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Junling Gao
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hoi Chan
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Haijun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yongjia Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Woodbury ME, Ikezu T. Fibroblast growth factor-2 signaling in neurogenesis and neurodegeneration. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2013; 9:92-101. [PMID: 24057103 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-013-9501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), also known as basic FGF, is a multi-functional growth factor. One of the 22-member FGF family, it signals through receptor tyrosine kinases encoding FGFR1-4. FGF2 activates FGFRs in cooperation with heparin or heparin sulfate proteoglycan to induce its pleiotropic effects in different tissues and organs, which include potent angiogenic effects and important roles in the differentiation and function of the central nervous system (CNS). FGF2 is crucial to development of the CNS, which explains its importance in adult neurogenesis. During development, high levels of FGF2 are detected from neurulation onwards. Moreover, developmental expression of FGF2 and its receptors is temporally and spatially regulated, concurring with development of specific brain regions including the hippocampus and substantia nigra pars compacta. In adult neurogenesis, FGF2 has been implicated based on its expression and regulation of neural stem and progenitor cells in the neurogenic niches, the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. FGFR1 signaling also modulates inflammatory signaling through the surface glycoprotein CD200, which regulates microglial activation. Because of its importance in adult neurogenesis and neuroinflammation, manipulation of FGF2/FGFR1 signaling has been a focus of therapeutic development for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and traumatic brain injury. Novel strategies include intranasal administration of FGF2, administration of an NCAM-derived FGFR1 agonist, and chitosan-based nanoparticles for the delivery of FGF2 in pre-clinical animal models. In this review, we highlight current research towards therapeutic interventions targeting FGF2/FGFR1 in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya E Woodbury
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Storozheva ZI, Solovieva OA, Proshin AT, Sherstnev VV. Delayed effects of NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 on storage and reconsolidation of spatial memory in rats. Bull Exp Biol Med 2013; 153:605-8. [PMID: 23113236 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 on the storage and reconsolidation of spatial memory in Morris water maze in adult rats. MK-801 (50 μg/kg) administered 24 h after the completion of training was shown to improve the resistance of spatial memory to spontaneous extinction, while reminder against the background of MK-801 suppresses its ameliorating effect on memory storage. The detected behavioral effects of MK-801 persisted over 60 days after administration and can be associated with its influence on coupled neurogenesis/apoptosis processes induced during memory trace formation in adult animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z I Storozheva
- PK Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Neurotrophic molecules in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease with focus on the retina: status and perspectives. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 353:205-18. [PMID: 23463189 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors are operationally defined as molecules that promote the survival and differentiation of neurons. Chemically, they belong to divergent classes of molecules but most of the classic neurotrophic factors are proteins. Together with stem cells, viral vectors and genetically engineered cells, they constitute important tools in neuroprotective and regenerative neurobiology. Protein neurotrophic molecules signal through receptors located on the cell membrane. Their downstream signaling exploits pathways that are often common to chemically different factors and frequently target a relatively restricted set of transcription factors, RNA interference and diverse molecular machinery involved in the life vs. death decisions of neurons. Application of neurotrophic factors with the aim of curing or, at least, improving the outcome of neurodegenerative diseases requires (1) profound knowledge of the complex molecular pathology of the disease, (2) the development of animal models as closely as possible resembling the human disease, (3) the identification of target cells to be addressed, (4) intense efforts in chemical engineering to ensure the stability of molecules or to design carriers and small analogs with the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and (5) scrutinity with regard to possible side effects. Last, but not least, engineering efforts to optimize administration, e.g., by designing the right canulae and infusion devices, are important for the successful translation of preclinical advances into clinical benefit. This article presents selected examples of neurotrophic factors that are currently being tested in animal models or developed for transfer to the clinic, with a major focus on factors with the potential of becoming applicable in various forms of retinal degeneration.
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Vivar C, Potter MC, van Praag H. All about running: synaptic plasticity, growth factors and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2013; 15:189-210. [PMID: 22847651 PMCID: PMC4565722 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2012_220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from animal and human research shows exercise benefits learning and memory, which may reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, and could delay age-related cognitive decline. Exercise-induced improvements in learning and memory are correlated with enhanced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and increased activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. In this present chapter we will highlight the effects of physical activity on cognition in rodents, as well as on dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, spine density, neurotransmission and growth factors, in particular brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Vivar
- Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA/NIH Biomedical Research Center, Suite 100, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
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Galvez-Contreras AY, Gonzalez-Castaneda RE, Luquin S, Gonzalez-Perez O. Role of fibroblast growth factor receptors in astrocytic stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 7:81-86. [PMID: 22347841 DOI: 10.2174/157436212799278205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There are two well-defined neurogenic regions in the adult brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) lining the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles and, the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus at the hippocampus. Within these neurogenic regions, there are neural stem cells with astrocytic characteristics, which actively respond to the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF2 or FGF-β) by increasing their proliferation, survival and differentiation, both in vivo and in vitro. FGF2 binds to fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 to 4 (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4). Interestingly, these receptors are differentially expressed in neurogenic progenitors. During development, FGFR-1 and FGFR-2 drive oligodendrocytes and motor neuron specification. In particular, FGFR-1 determines oligodendroglial and neuronal cell fate, whereas FGFR-2 is related to oligodendrocyte specification. In the adult SVZ, FGF-2 promotes oligodendrogliogenesis and myelination. FGF-2 deficient mice show a reduction in the number of new neurons in the SGZ, which suggests that FGFR-1 is important for neuronal cell fate in the adult hippocampus. In human brain, FGF-2 appears to be an important component in the anti-depressive effect of drugs. In summary, FGF2 is an important modulator of the cell fate of neural precursor and, promotes oligodendrogenesis. In this review, we describe the expression pattern of FGFR2 and its role in neural precursors derived from the SVZ and the SGZ.
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