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Hu GM, Chen HP, Zhang RZ, Wu HF. [Clinicopathological features of NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasms of the uterus of two cases]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2024; 53:480-482. [PMID: 38678330 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20230920-00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- G M Hu
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, China
| | - H P Chen
- Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - R Z Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, China
| | - H F Wu
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, China
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Wu HF, Saito-Diaz K, Huang CW, McAlpine JL, Seo DE, Magruder DS, Ishan M, Bergeron HC, Delaney WH, Santori FR, Krishnaswamy S, Hart GW, Chen YW, Hogan RJ, Liu HX, Ivanova NB, Zeltner N. Parasympathetic neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells model human diseases and development. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:734-753.e8. [PMID: 38608707 PMCID: PMC11069445 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Autonomic parasympathetic neurons (parasymNs) control unconscious body responses, including "rest-and-digest." ParasymN innervation is important for organ development, and parasymN dysfunction is a hallmark of autonomic neuropathy. However, parasymN function and dysfunction in humans are vastly understudied due to the lack of a model system. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neurons can fill this void as a versatile platform. Here, we developed a differentiation paradigm detailing the derivation of functional human parasymNs from Schwann cell progenitors. We employ these neurons (1) to assess human autonomic nervous system (ANS) development, (2) to model neuropathy in the genetic disorder familial dysautonomia (FD), (3) to show parasymN dysfunction during SARS-CoV-2 infection, (4) to model the autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and (5) to show that parasymNs innervate white adipocytes (WATs) during development and promote WAT maturation. Our model system could become instrumental for future disease modeling and drug discovery studies, as well as for human developmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Fu Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kenyi Saito-Diaz
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jessica L McAlpine
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Dong Eun Seo
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - D Sumner Magruder
- Department of Genetics, Department of Computer Science, Wu Tsai Institute, Program for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mohamed Ishan
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Harrison C Bergeron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - William H Delaney
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Fabio R Santori
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Genetics, Department of Computer Science, Wu Tsai Institute, Program for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gerald W Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Institute for Airway Sciences, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert J Hogan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hong-Xiang Liu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Natalia B Ivanova
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Zeltner N, Wu HF, Saito-Diaz K, Sun X, Song M, Saini T, Grant C, James C, Thomas K, Abate Y, Howerth E, Kner P, Xu B. A modular platform to generate functional sympathetic neuron-innervated heart assembloids. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3894397. [PMID: 38562819 PMCID: PMC10984094 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3894397/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The technology of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based 3D organoid/assembloid cultures has become a powerful tool for the study of human embryonic development, disease modeling and drug discovery in recent years. The autonomic sympathetic nervous system innervates and regulates almost all organs in the body, including the heart. Yet, most reported organoids to date are not innervated, thus lacking proper neural regulation, and hindering reciprocal tissue maturation. Here, we developed a simple and versatile sympathetic neuron (symN)-innervated cardiac assembloid without the need for bioengineering. Our human sympathetic cardiac assembloids (hSCAs) showed mature muscle structures, atrial to ventricular patterning, and spontaneous beating. hSCA-innervating symNs displayed neurotransmitter synthesis and functional regulation of the cardiac beating rate, which could be manipulated pharmacologically or optogenetically. We modeled symN-mediated cardiac development and myocardial infarction. This hSCAs provides a tool for future neurocardiotoxicity screening approaches and is highly versatile and modular, where the types of neuron (symN or parasympathetic or sensory neuron) and organoid (heart, lung, kidney) to be innervated may be interchanged.
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Wu HF, Art J, Saini T, Zeltner N. Protocol for generating postganglionic sympathetic neurons using human pluripotent stem cells for electrophysiological and functional assessments. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102970. [PMID: 38517897 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Assessing the development and function of the sympathetic nervous system in diseases on a large scale is challenging. Here, we present a protocol to generate human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived postganglionic sympathetic neurons (symNs) differentiated via neural crest cells (NCCs), which can be cryopreserved. We describe steps for hPSC replating, NCC replating and cryobanking, and symN differentiation. We then demonstrate the functionality of the hPSC-derived symNs, focusing on electrophysiological activity, calcium flux, and norepinephrine dynamics. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wu et al.1,2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Fu Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jennifer Art
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Biomedical and Translational Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tripti Saini
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Huang CW, Rust NC, Wu HF, Yin A, Zeltner N, Yin H, Hart GW. Low glucose induced Alzheimer's disease-like biochemical changes in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons is due to dysregulated O-GlcNAcylation. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4872-4885. [PMID: 37037474 PMCID: PMC10562522 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) is the leading type of dementia. Brain glucose hypometabolism, along with decreased O-GlcNAcylation levels, occurs before the onset of symptoms and correlates with pathogenesis. Heretofore, the mechanisms involved and the roles of O-GlcNAcylation in sAD pathology largely remain unknown due to a lack of human models of sAD. METHODS Human cortical neurons were generated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and treated with glucose reduction media. RESULTS We found a narrow window of glucose concentration that induces sAD-like phenotypes in PSC-derived neurons. With our model, we reveal that dysregulated O-GlcNAc, in part through mitochondrial dysfunction, causes the onset of sAD-like changes. We demonstrate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting O-GlcNAcase in alleviating AD-like biochemical changes. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that dysregulated O-GlcNAc might be a direct molecular link between hypometabolism and sAD-like alternations. Moreover, this model can be exploited to explore molecular processes and for drug development. HIGHLIGHTS Lowering glucose to a critical level causes AD-like changes in cortical neurons. Defective neuronal structure and function were also recapitulated in current model. Dysregulated O-GlcNAcylation links impaired glucose metabolism to AD-like changes. Mitochondrial abnormalities correlate with O-GlcNAcylation and precede AD-like phenotype. Our model provides a platform to study sAD as a metabolic disease in human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Huang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Nicholas C. Rust
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Hsueh-Fu Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Amelia Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Gerald W. Hart
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Zhao X, Fang H, Jing H, Zhang N, Zhang J, Jin J, Zhong Q, Yang WF, Zhong Y, Dong L, Tie J, Wu HF, Wang XH, Lu Y, Hou X, Zhao L, Qi S, Song Y, Liu Y, Tang Y, Lu N, Chen B, Tang Y, Li Y, Wang S. Lymphocyte Count Kinetics and the Effect of Different Radiotherapy Techniques on Radiation-Induced Lymphopenia in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Hypofractionated Postmastectomy Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e216-e217. [PMID: 37784888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) is associated with poor prognosis in solid tumors. This study aimed to describe the lymphocyte kinetics in patients with breast cancer receiving hypofractionated postmastectomy radiotherapy (RT) and to investigate the association of different RT techniques with RIL. MATERIALS/METHODS We assessed 607 patients who received hypofractionated postmastectomy RT for breast cancer in our prospective clinical database from 8 hospitals. All patients received irradiation to the chest wall and supraclavicular fossa. RT techniques included integrated RT with the photon-based intensity modulated techniques to irradiate all target volumes (integrated RT) and a hybrid approach combining photon irradiation to supraclavicular nodes and electron irradiation to the chest wall (hybrid RT). Peripheral lymphocyte counts (PLC) were tested prior to RT (baseline), weekly during RT, at 1, 2 weeks, 3, 6 months after RT, and then every 6 months. Grade 3+ RIL was defined as PLC nadir during RT of <0.5 ×103/ml. Mean PLC was compared by the t test. Univariate, multivariate, and propensity score matching (PSM) analyses were used to evaluate the effect of different RT techniques on grade 3+ RIL. RESULTS During RT, 121 (19.9%) of patients had grade 3+ RIL. The PLC started to recover at 1 week and reached baseline levels 1 year after RT. A greater proportion of the patients treated with the integrated RT (90/269, 33.5%) developed grade 3+ PLC compared with those receiving hybrid RT (31/338, 9.2%, P < 0.001). After conducting PSM, multivariate analyses showed lower baseline PLC (HR = 0.15, P<0.001) and RT technique (the integrated RT vs. hybrid RT, HR = 4.76, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for grade 3+ RIL. The PLC in patients receiving the integrated RT after RT were higher than that in those receiving hybrid RT (p<0.05). CONCLUSION RT technique affect the risk of and recovery from RIL, which may impact survival. Choosing appropriate RT technique to minimize RIL might be considered to benefit their outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - H Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - H Jing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - N Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - J Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Q Zhong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - W F Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Taizhou hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Y Zhong
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - L Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - J Tie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - H F Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - X H Wang
- Department of Radiochemotherapy, People's Hospital of Tangshan City, Tangshan, China
| | - Y Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - X Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - L Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - S Qi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - N Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - B Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y Tang
- GCP center/Clinical research center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Wang DQ, Zhang N, Dong L, Wu HF, Zhong Q, Jin J, Hou X, Jing H, Fang H, Li YX, Wang S. Dose-Volume Predictors for Radiation Esophagitis in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Hypofractionated Regional Nodal Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e211-e212. [PMID: 37784878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Radiation esophagitis (RE) is often overlooked in breast cancer radiotherapy. This study aimed to assess the incidence and dose-volume predictors of RE in breast cancer patients undergoing hypofractionated regional nodal irradiation (RNI). MATERIALS/METHODS Eligible patients were included who received intensity-modulated radiotherapy (RT) at the chest wall, the supraclavicular/infraclavicular fossa, level II axilla, and/or the internal mammary chain after mastectomy. The prescribed dose was 43.5 Gy in 15 fractions. The dose constraint for the esophagus was maximum dose <48 Gy. RE was evaluated weekly during RT and at 1 and 2 weeks, followed by 3 and 6 months after RT, and was graded according to the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0. The esophagus was contoured from the lower border level of the cricoid cartilage to the lower margin of the aortic arch. Esophageal total volume, mean dose (Dmean), maximum dose (Dmax), and the relative and absolute volumes receiving at least 5-45 Gy by 5 Gy increments (RV5-RV45 and AV5-AV45) were evaluated. Univariable and multivariable logistics regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors for RE, and receiver operating characteristic curves were obtained to identify the thresholds of esophageal dosimetric parameters. RESULTS In total, 298 patients were included between May 8, 2020 and January 5, 2022 (minimum post-RT follow-up: 6 months). A total of 153 (51.3%) patients had left-sided breast cancer and 145 (48.7%) patients received internal mammary nodal irradiation (IMNI). Grade 2 and 3 RE incidence was 40.9% (122/298) and 0.3% (1/298), respectively. No grade 4 or 5 RE was observed. All RE cases resolved within 1 month after RT, and the median duration of RE was 3 weeks (range, 1-5). Based on univariable analyses, tumor laterality (p < .001), IMNI (p = .056) and esophageal Dmean, Dmax, RV10-RV40, and AV10-AV40 were risk factors of ≥grade 2 RE. Esophageal RV10-RV40 and AV35-AV40 were significantly associated with the risk of ≥grade 2 RE after adjusting for tumor laterality and IMNI. Based on multivariable analyses, RV25 and AV35 were optimum dose-volume predictors for ≥grade 2 RE at thresholds 20% for RV25 (35.9% vs. 60.9%, p = .04) and 0.27 mL for AV35 (31.0% vs. 54.6%, p = .04). CONCLUSION RE is common in breast cancer patients undergoing hypofractionated RNI. With the same esophageal contouring standard, maintaining the upper esophageal V25 at <20% and V35 at <0.27 mL may decrease the risk of RE and improve the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Q Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - N Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - L Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - H F Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Q Zhong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - X Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - H Jing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - H Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y X Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
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Song Y, Hu Z, Yan XN, Fang H, Yu T, Jing H, Men K, Zhang N, Zhang J, Jin J, Zhong Q, Ma J, Yang WF, Zhong Y, Dong L, Wang XH, Wu HF, Du XH, Hou X, Tie J, Lu Y, Zhao L, Li YX, Wang S. Quality Assurance in a Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized Trial of POstmastectomy radioThErapy in Node posiTive Breast Cancer with or without Internal mAmmary nodaL Irradiation (POTENTIAL): A Planning Dummy Run. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S97. [PMID: 37784615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To report the planning dummy run results of the POstmastectomy radioThErapy in Node posiTive breast cancer with or without Internal mAmmary nodaL irradiation (POTENTIAL) trial-a multicenter, randomized, phase 3 trial-to evaluate postmastectomy radiotherapy, with or without internal mammary nodal irradiation, for patients with high-risk breast cancer. MATERIALS/METHODS All participating institutions were provided the contours of the dummy run case, and they generated radiotherapy (RT) plans per protocol guidelines. The plans were reviewed and feedback were provided by the quality assurance team, after which the institutions resubmitted revised plans. The information on beams arrangement, skin flash, inhomogeneity corrections, and protocol compliance was assessed both in the primary and final submission. RESULTS Theplans from 26 institutions were included in the analysis. A number of major deviations were found in the primary submission, such as less strict constraint on organs at risk (OARs) V5Gy, and no application of chest wall skin flash. The protocol compliance rates of the dose coverage for the planning target volume of the chest wall (PTVcw), PTV of supra/infraclavicular fossa plus axilla levels I, II, III (PTVsc+ax), and PTV of the IMN region (PTVim) were all significantly improved in the final submission compared with those in the primary submission, which were 96.2% vs. 69.2%, 100% vs. 76.9%, and 88.4% vs. 53.8, respectively. For OARs, the protocol compliance rates of heart Dmean, left anterior descending coronary artery V40Gy, ipsilateral lung V5Gy, and stomach V5Gy were significantly improved. CONCLUSION All major deviations were corrected and protocol compliance was significantly improved and of high level in the final submission. Moreover, the variations were reduced. Therefore, a planning dummy run was essential to guarantee good RT plan quality and inter-institutional consistency for multicenter trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Z Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - X N Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - H Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - T Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - H Jing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - K Men
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - N Zhang
- 2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - J Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Q Zhong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - W F Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Taizhou hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Y Zhong
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - L Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X H Wang
- Department of Radiochemotherapy, People's Hospital of Tangshan City, Tangshan, China
| | - H F Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - X H Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Hou
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - J Tie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Y Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - L Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y X Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Wu HF, Huang CW, Art J, Liu HX, Hart GW, Zeltner N. O-GlcNAcylation is crucial for sympathetic neuron development, maintenance, functionality and contributes to peripheral neuropathy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1137847. [PMID: 37229433 PMCID: PMC10203903 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1137847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that regulates a wide range of cellular functions and has been associated with multiple metabolic diseases in various organs. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is the efferent portion of the autonomic nervous system that regulates metabolism of almost all organs in the body. How much the development and functionality of the SNS are influenced by O-GlcNAcylation, as well as how such regulation could contribute to sympathetic neuron (symN)-related neuropathy in diseased states, remains unknown. Here, we assessed the level of protein O-GlcNAcylation at various stages of symN development, using a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based symN differentiation paradigm. We found that pharmacological disruption of O-GlcNAcylation impaired both the growth and survival of hPSC-derived symNs. In the high glucose condition that mimics hyperglycemia, hPSC-derived symNs were hyperactive, and their regenerative capacity was impaired, which resembled typical neuronal defects in patients and animal models of diabetes mellitus. Using this model of sympathetic neuropathy, we discovered that O-GlcNAcylation increased in symNs under high glucose, which lead to hyperactivity. Pharmacological inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation rescued high glucose-induced symN hyperactivity and cell stress. This framework provides the first insight into the roles of O-GlcNAcylation in both healthy and diseased human symNs and may be used as a platform for therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Fu Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Chia-Wei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer Art
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Biomedical and Translational Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hong-Xiang Liu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Gerald W. Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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10
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Saito-Diaz K, Dietrich P, Wu HF, Sun X, Patel AJ, Wzientek CG, Prudden AR, Boons GJ, Chen S, Studer L, Xu B, Dragatsis I, Zeltner N. Genipin Crosslinks the Extracellular Matrix to Rescue Developmental and Degenerative Defects, and Accelerates Regeneration of Peripheral Neurons. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.22.533831. [PMID: 36993570 PMCID: PMC10055431 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.22.533831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is essential for proper body function. A high percentage of the population suffer nerve degeneration or peripheral damage. For example, over 40% of patients with diabetes or undergoing chemotherapy develop peripheral neuropathies. Despite this, there are major gaps in the knowledge of human PNS development and therefore, there are no available treatments. Familial Dysautonomia (FD) is a devastating disorder that specifically affects the PNS making it an ideal model to study PNS dysfunction. FD is caused by a homozygous point mutation in ELP1 leading to developmental and degenerative defects in the sensory and autonomic lineages. We previously employed human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to show that peripheral sensory neurons (SNs) are not generated efficiently and degenerate over time in FD. Here, we conducted a chemical screen to identify compounds able to rescue this SN differentiation inefficiency. We identified that genipin, a compound prescribed in Traditional Chinese Medicine for neurodegenerative disorders, restores neural crest and SN development in FD, both in the hPSC model and in a FD mouse model. Additionally, genipin prevented FD neuronal degeneration, suggesting that it could be offered to patients suffering from PNS neurodegenerative disorders. We found that genipin crosslinks the extracellular matrix, increases the stiffness of the ECM, reorganizes the actin cytoskeleton, and promotes transcription of YAP-dependent genes. Finally, we show that genipin enhances axon regeneration in an in vitro axotomy model in healthy sensory and sympathetic neurons (part of the PNS) and in prefrontal cortical neurons (part of the central nervous system, CNS). Our results suggest genipin can be used as a promising drug candidate for treatment of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, and as a enhancer of neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenyi Saito-Diaz
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA
| | - Paula Dietrich
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hsueh-Fu Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery and Department of Biochemistry at Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bingqian Xu
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA
| | - Ioannis Dragatsis
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA
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11
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Hart G, Huang CW, Rust N, Wu HF. Altered O-GlcNAcylation and mitochondrial dysfunction, a molecular link between brain glucose dysregulation and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:779-783. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.354515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Wu HF, Yu W, Saito-Diaz K, Huang CW, Carey J, Lefcort F, Hart GW, Liu HX, Zeltner N. Norepinephrine transporter defects lead to sympathetic hyperactivity in Familial Dysautonomia models. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7032. [PMID: 36396637 PMCID: PMC9671909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial dysautonomia (FD), a rare neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder affects the sympathetic and sensory nervous system. Although almost all patients harbor a mutation in ELP1, it remains unresolved exactly how function of sympathetic neurons (symNs) is affected; knowledge critical for understanding debilitating disease hallmarks, including cardiovascular instability or dysautonomic crises, that result from dysregulated sympathetic activity. Here, we employ the human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) system to understand symN disease mechanisms and test candidate drugs. FD symNs are intrinsically hyperactive in vitro, in cardiomyocyte co-cultures, and in animal models. We report reduced norepinephrine transporter expression, decreased intracellular norepinephrine (NE), decreased NE re-uptake, and excessive extracellular NE in FD symNs. SymN hyperactivity is not a direct ELP1 mutation result, but may connect to NET via RAB proteins. We found that candidate drugs lowered hyperactivity independent of ELP1 modulation. Our findings may have implications for other symN disorders and may allow future drug testing and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Fu Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Wenxin Yu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kenyi Saito-Diaz
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joseph Carey
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Frances Lefcort
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Gerald W Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hong-Xiang Liu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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13
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Latchoumane CFV, Chopra P, Sun L, Ahmed A, Palmieri F, Wu HF, Guerreso R, Thorne K, Zeltner N, Boons GJ, Karumbaiah L. Synthetic Heparan Sulfate Hydrogels Regulate Neurotrophic Factor Signaling and Neuronal Network Activity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:28476-28488. [PMID: 35708492 PMCID: PMC10108098 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) synthetic heparan sulfate (HS) constructs possess promising attributes for neural tissue engineering applications. However, their sulfation-dependent ability to facilitate molecular recognition and cell signaling has not yet been investigated. We hypothesized that fully sulfated synthetic HS constructs (bearing compound 1) that are functionalized with neural adhesion peptides will enhance fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) binding and complexation with FGF receptor-1 (FGFR1) to promote the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) when compared to constructs with unsulfated controls (bearing compound 2). We tested this hypothesis in vitro using 2D and 3D substrates consisting of different combinations of HS tetrasaccharides (compounds 3 and 4) and an engineered integrin-binding chimeric peptide (CP), which were assembled using strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) chemistry. Results indicated that the adhesion of hNSCs increased significantly when cultured on 2D glass substrates functionalized with chimeric peptide. hNSCs encapsulated in 1-CP hydrogels and cultured in media containing the mitogen FGF2 exhibited significantly higher neuronal differentiation when compared to hNSCs in 2-CP hydrogels. These observations were corroborated by Western blot analysis, which indicated the enhanced binding and retention of both FGF2 and FGFR1 by 1 as well as downstream phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and enhanced proliferation of hNSCs. Lastly, calcium activity imaging revealed that both 1 and 2 hydrogels supported the neuronal growth and activity of pre-differentiated human prefrontal cortex neurons. Collectively, these results demonstrate that synthetic HS hydrogels can be tailored to regulate growth factor signaling and neuronal fate and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Francois V Latchoumane
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Edgar L. Rhodes Center for ADS, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Pradeep Chopra
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Lifeng Sun
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3583, The Netherlands
| | - Aws Ahmed
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Francesco Palmieri
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3583, The Netherlands
| | - Hsueh-Fu Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Rebecca Guerreso
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Edgar L. Rhodes Center for ADS, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Kristen Thorne
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3583, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Lohitash Karumbaiah
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Edgar L. Rhodes Center for ADS, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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14
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Wu HF, Huang CW, Daga KR, Marklein RA, Ivanova N, Zeltner N. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived functional sympathetic neurons express ACE2 and RAAS components: a framework for studying the effect of COVID-19 on sympathetic responsiveness. Clin Auton Res 2022; 32:59-63. [PMID: 35091835 PMCID: PMC8799422 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-021-00850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Fu Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kanupriya R Daga
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for Animal Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ross A Marklein
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for Animal Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Natalia Ivanova
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Cellular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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15
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Gu YL, Wu HF, Zheng P, Li HX. [Spinster homolog 2: the intersection of inflammation and tumor progression]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2021; 50:1320-1324. [PMID: 34719185 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20210402-00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y L Gu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - H F Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - P Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - H X Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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16
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Xu CW, Wu HF, Chen J. [Clinical and electrophysiological features and treatment of acrylamide-induced toxic peripheral neuropathy]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2020; 38:45-47. [PMID: 32062896 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations, electrophysiology results, treatment and prognosis of acrylamide-induced toxic peripheral neuropathy. Methods: The clinical data of 9 patients with acrylamide-induced toxic peripheral neuropathy, who were collected in Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital from January 2015 to August 2018, were retrospectively reviewed. Results: This disease was characterized by distal limb numbness, some patients with hypoalgesia or allergy, deep sense loss, reduction or disappearance of tendon reflexes, and peeling. One case had muscle weakening and another case had cerebellar ataxia. Examination of electromyography showed only one case had spontaneous potential. Examination of nerve conduction showed that the amplitude decreased by 34 (38.6%) and the velocity decreased by 2 (2.3%) , the percentage of amplitude decreased was significantly higher than that of velocity decreased. The amplitude of sensory nerve decreased by 30 (57.7%) and motor nerve decreased by 4 (11.1%) , the percentage of sensory nerve amplitude decreased was significantly higher than that of motor nerve. After the treatment of nutrition, circulation improvement, numbness relief, glucocorticoid and other drugs, the numbness of the patients was relieved, but it did not completely disappear. Poor recovery of pain, deep sensation and tendon reflex in all patients. The results of reexamination of electromyography in 3 cases were worse than before. Therefore, it is suggested that peripheral nerve damage is irreversible. Conclusion: This disease is characterized by distal limb numbness. Electrophysiological results suggest that the damage of sensory nerve axon is the main cause of the disease. Up to now, there is no effective drug to treat this disease, therefore, it is very important to do a good job of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - H F Wu
- Department of Electroneurophysiology, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua 321000, China
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Mao JB, Lao JM, Yu XT, Chen YQ, Tao JW, Wu HF, Cheng D, Chen H, Shen LJ. [Correlation of capillary plexus with visual acuity in idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2019; 55:757-762. [PMID: 31607064 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To observe changes in foveal avascular zone(FAZ) and capillary plexus in idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (IMEM) in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and analyze their correlation with the visual acuity. Methods: Cross-sectional study. 42 patients (15 Males and 27 females, age 64.8) from the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were included with 51 eyes diagnosed as IMEM (IMEM group), and 23 normal eyes (9 Males and 14 females, control group). All patients received the examination of fissure lamp combined with fundus pre-set lens, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), OCT angiography (OCTA) and fundus photo. OCTA was performed on 3 mm× 3 mm sections centred on the fovea. The software automatically measured the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel density(VD) and retinal thickness(RT) and FAZ area. The IMEM eyes were compared with the normal eyes and correlation between the parameters of OCTA and BCVA was analyzed in IMEM. Independent-sample t test and MannWhitney test were used for comparison between groups, and Spearman test was used for correlation analysis. Results: LogMAR BCVA in the IMEM group was 0.40(0.15, 0.70), in the control group was 0.10(0.05, 0.22). FAZ area of IMEM group was (0.09±0.05) mm(2), while that of control group was (0.34±0.13)mm(2).Compared with the control group, in IMEM group, the BCVA was worse (Z=-4.443, P<0.001), FAZ area was smaller (t=-9.198, P<0.001), RT was increased (P<0.001), The foveal DCP and SCP vessel density was increased (t=4.280, 9.079, P<0.01), The parafoveal DCP vessel density was decreased (P<0.05), The parafoveal SCP vessel density was decreased in superior, inferior and nasal side (t=-2.759, Z=-3.998, Z=-2.108; P<0.05). The BCVA was negatively correlated with FAZ area (r=-0.337, P=0.017), positively correlated with center macular thickness (r=0.324, P=0.020). The BCVA was no correlated with foveal VD and parafoveal DCP vessel density (P>0.05), but correlated with SCP vessel density(P<0.05). Conclusions: In the IMEM eyes the BCVA was worse, FAZ area was smaller, foveal vessel density was increased and the parafoveal vessel density was decreased compared with the normal eyes. The smaller the FAZ area, the smaller foveal SCP vessel density, the poorer BCVA. There was no correlation between BCVA and DCP vessel density. Changes in VD in IMEM eyes may lead to changes in vision. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2019, 55:757-762).
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Mao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Whenzhou Medical University at Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - J M Lao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Whenzhou Medical University at Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - X T Yu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Whenzhou Medical University at Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Y Q Chen
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Whenzhou Medical University at Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - J W Tao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Whenzhou Medical University at Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - H F Wu
- The People's Hospital of Zhuji, Shaoxin 311800, China
| | - D Cheng
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Whenzhou Medical University at Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - H Chen
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Whenzhou Medical University at Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - L J Shen
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Whenzhou Medical University at Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310020, China
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Wu HF, Wang JP, Duan EG, Feng YF, Wan ZY, Wu YX, Lu YQ. Study on the preparation of granular alum sludge adsorbent for phosphorus removal. Water Sci Technol 2019; 79:2378-2386. [PMID: 31411592 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alum sludge is the sludge discharged from a sedimentation tank in a drinking water treatment plant when polymerized with poly-aluminum chloride (PAC). In this paper, granular alum sludge adsorbent (GASA) was manufactured using powdery alum sludge (PAS) as the raw material and methods such as gluing and pore-forming. The effects of different binders, pore-forming agents, roasting temperatures, and roasting times on the formation of GASA and its dephosphorization performance were investigated. Results showed that the optimum binder was AlCl3 at a mass ratio of 8%, and the best pore-forming agent was starch at a 4% dosage ratio. Meanwhile, the optimum roasting temperature and time were 500 °C and 2 hours, respectively. The specific surface area of GASA was 23.124 m2/g. Scanning electron microscopy suggested that GASA's surface became rough, particles became tight, and average pore size increased, with additional pore channels. P adsorption by GASA reached 0.90 mg/g. The effluent phosphorus concentration of actual tail water decreased to 0.49 mg/L and the removal rate reached 73.5% when the GASA dosage was 20 g/L. The findings of this study are important for the further development of a low-cost adsorbent material for P removal in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Wu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China E-mail:
| | - J P Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China E-mail:
| | - E G Duan
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China E-mail:
| | - Y F Feng
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China E-mail:
| | - Z Y Wan
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China E-mail:
| | - Y X Wu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China E-mail:
| | - Y Q Lu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China E-mail:
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Wu HF, Yue LZ, Jiang SL, Lu YQ, Wu YX, Wan ZY. Biodegradation of polyvinyl alcohol by different dominant degrading bacterial strains in a baffled anaerobic bioreactor. Water Sci Technol 2019; 79:2005-2012. [PMID: 31294717 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is the main pollutant in printing and dyeing wastewaters. This pollutant exhibits great demand, poor biodegradability and refractory degradation. In this study, PVA wastewater treatment experiments were conducted in a stably operating baffled anaerobic bioreactor (ABR) by using simulated PVA wastewater. The PVA degradation pathway and mechanism of the mixed dominant PVA-degrading bacterial strains were identified through the analysis of their degradation products. From the results, we inferred that PVA was degraded in a stepwise process under the synergistic action of different extracellular and intracellular enzymes produced by the mixed dominant PVA-degrading bacterial strains. In this process, PVA was first degraded into ketones, fatty acids and alcohols. It was then regenerated into acetic acid, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Finally, these substances could be further utilized by methanogens. PVA was thus degraded completely. This study may serve as a reference for future works on the degradation of PVA in the ecological environment. It may also guide the sustainable development of PVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Wu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China E-mail:
| | - L Z Yue
- Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China E-mail:
| | - S L Jiang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China E-mail:
| | - Y Q Lu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China E-mail:
| | - Y X Wu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China E-mail:
| | - Z Y Wan
- Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China E-mail:
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Mao JB, Yu XT, Shen LJ, Wu MY, Lyu Z, Lao JM, Li HX, Wu HF, Chen YQ. [Risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low birth weight infants by strictly controlling oxygen inhalation after birth]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2019; 55:280-288. [PMID: 30982290 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To observe the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants by strictly controlling the risk factors of ROP, such as oxygen inhalation after birth, to explore the related factors of ROP in ELBW infants. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. 166 ELBW infants underwent neonatal screening were enrolled in this study, whose birth weight was less than 1 000 g. There were 79 males and 87 females infants, whose average gestational age was (27.99±1.73)weeks, and average birth weight was (904.45±80.23)g. According to the final screening results, the ELBW infants were grouped as follows: (1)ROP group and non-ROP group; (2)severe ROP group and mild or no ROP group. Risk factors included gestational age, birth weight, test-tube infants, fetuses number, complications during pregnancy, delivery mode and Apgar scores in 1 to 10 minutes, weight and weight gain proportion at 1-6 weeks after birth, postnatal feeding mode, history of oxygen inhalation, anemia and blood transfusion, and other systemic diseases were recorded. And their correlation with severe ROP was analyzed by SPSS 20.0 statistical software. Results: Ninty-four (56.63%) ELBW infants developed ROP, 16 (9.64%) were severe ROP and 14(8.43%) received treatment. Average birth weight between ROP group (911.95±72.80)g and non-ROP group (894.67±88.58)g had no difference(t=1.379, P=0.170). Average gestational age between ROP group (27.49±1.53) weeks and non-ROP group (28.64±1.76) weeks had significant difference(t=-4.491,P<0.001).And pregnancy-induced hypertension during pregnancy (χ(2)=4.479, P=0.034), Apgar score in 5 minutes (t=-2.760, P=0.006) and 10 minutes (t=-2.099, P=0.043), pneumonia (χ(2)=6.233, P=0.013), neonatal pneumonia (χ(2)=18.026, P<0.001) had significant difference between ROP group and non-ROP group. There was no effect on weight (F=0.009,P=0.753) or weight gain proportion (F=2.394,P=0.124) at 1-6 weeks after birth in ELBW infants with or without ROP. Average birth weight between severe ROP group(875.63±74.85)g and mild or no ROP group(907.53±80.41)g had no difference(t=-1.518, P=0.131).Average gestational age between severe ROP group(26.88±1.31)weeks and mild or no ROP group (28.11±1.73)weeks had significant difference(t=-2.766,P=0.006).And only fundus hemorrhage (χ(2)=4.507,P=0.034) had significant difference between severe ROP group and mild or no ROP group. There was no effect on weight (F=2.683,P=0.103) or weight gain proportion (F=0.431,P=0.513) at 1-6 weeks after birth in ELBW infants with or without ROP. Logistic regression analysis revealed that only gestational age was correlated to the incidence (β=-0.437,P<0.001) and severity (β=-0.616,P=0.007) of ROP significantly. Conclusion: By strictly controlling the risk factors of ROP, such as oxygen inhalation after birth, the severe rate of ROP in ELBW infants is low. However, gestational age is still the inevitable independent high risk factor for the incidence of ROP in ELBW infants. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2019, 55:280-288).
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Mao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Whenzhou Medical University at HangZhou, HangZhou 310020, China
| | - X T Yu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Whenzhou Medical University at HangZhou, HangZhou 310020, China
| | - L J Shen
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Whenzhou Medical University at HangZhou, HangZhou 310020, China
| | - M Y Wu
- The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University, HangZhou 310006, China
| | - Z Lyu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Whenzhou Medical University at HangZhou, HangZhou 310020, China
| | - J M Lao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Whenzhou Medical University at HangZhou, HangZhou 310020, China
| | - H X Li
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Whenzhou Medical University at HangZhou, HangZhou 310020, China
| | - H F Wu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Whenzhou Medical University at HangZhou, HangZhou 310020, China
| | - Y Q Chen
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Whenzhou Medical University at HangZhou, HangZhou 310020, China
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Hu GM, Chen HP, Wang CF, Wu HF, Feng YK, Ren JL. [Expression of CD10 in fibrous histiocytoma and its significance]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2018; 47:130-131. [PMID: 29429167 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Bai FD, Wu HF, Wen JM, Zhang N, Zheng YC, Chen JM, Du CJ. [Clinical analysis for preset double J tube in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 98:454-456. [PMID: 29429259 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.iss.0376-2491.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the clinical application and effect of preseting Double-J ureteric stent in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Method: 74 cases of renal calculi treated with PCNL in our hospital during June 2014 to February 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Of 74 cases, 54 was male, 20 was female. All cases were aged 27 to 78, the mean age was (49.5±12.3) years old. The diameter of the stone was 20 to 59 mm, and the mean diameter was of (29.4±4.3) mm.Our Surgical methods was first putingFr6 double J tube in abnormal ureteral in advance in lithotomy position, then indwellingthree-way Foley catheter and clipping drainage port, perfusingirrigation port with 3 000 ml saline from 60-80 cm height.Perfusingsaline through irrigation port in prone position, we produce artificial hydronephrosis, then indwelling channel Fr20 through B ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrostomy, and removing renal calculi using holmium laser lithotripsy. Results: All patients were successfully completed percutaneous nephrostomy and indwell Fr20 channel, mean channel set up time (8.0 ±2.0) min, mean operation time (79±46) min, mean decline of hemoglobin (17.0±4.0) g/L, mean serum creatinine increased(3.1±1.1) μmol/L, one-stage stone-free rates 81.1%, complication rate 8.1% (1 case injured pleura and suffered from pneumothorax, 1 case suffered from massive hemorrhage of renal arteriovenous fistula after operation, 4 cases suffered postoperative fever). Conclusion: Advance in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy indwelling double J tube is a safe and feasible method, which is advantageous to the percutaneous renal puncture and the establishment of channels, and can avoid the blindness of along the line of indwelling double J.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Bai
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Ku JW, Zhang DY, Song X, Li XM, Zhao XK, Lv S, Hu SJ, Cheng R, Zhou FY, Wu HF, Wang LD. Characterization of tissue chromogranin A (CgA) immunostaining and clinicohistopathological changes for the 125 Chinese patients with primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-7. [PMID: 28575250 DOI: 10.1093/dote/dox041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rarity of primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (PSCE) has limited the clinical feature and survival analysis with large sample size. Tissue chromogranin A (CgA) protein expression has been reported to be a useful biomarker for diagnosing PSCE. Interestingly, recent studies have indicated tissue CgA as a significant prognostic marker in multiple human cancers, but without PSCE. The present study, thus, was undertaken to characterize the clinicopathological changes and to evaluate the associations of tissue CgA expression with clinical response on Chinese PSCE patients. All the 125 PSCE patients were enrolled from our 500,000 esophageal and gastric cardia carcinoma databases (1973-2015), constructed by the cooperative team from more than 700 hospitals in China and established by Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research in Henan, China. Immunostaining for CgA showed that CgA was mainly located in cytoplasm of tumor cells with a positive detection rate of 44.6%. The CgA positive expression rate in PSCE at lower segment of the esophagus (72.2%) was higher than that at middle segment (41.5%) (P = 0.001). However, CgA protein expression did not correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.767), TNM staging (P = 0.740), tumor invasion (P = 0.253), gender (P = 0.262), and age (P = 0.250). Multivariate survival analysis showed that the patients with higher CgA protein expression had a superior long survival than those without CgA expression (P = 0.037). The clinicopathological analysis showed that PSCE occurred predominantly in male (M:F = 1.9:1) at the middle segment (68%) of the esophagus. Histologically, 89.6% were pure PSCE and 10.4% were mixed type with either squamous cell carcinoma (8%) or adenocarcinoma (2.4%). It was noteworthy that, with the in-depth invasion from T1 to T2 and T3, the positive lymph node metastasis rate increased dramatically from 38%, 56% to 74%, respectively. The survival rates of 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year were 64%, 35%, 18%, and 7%, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the young patients (≤60 years) had longer survival than the elderly (P = 0.011). Interestingly, multivariate survival analysis revealed that the patients with mixed PSCE had a significantly better survival than those with pure PSCE (P = 0.015). Furthermore, the median survival time for the patients with and without lymph node metastasis was 1.16 and 2.03 years, respectively. But, the difference was not significant (P = 0.143). Univariate analysis did not show any survival influence by gender, tumor location, tumor invasion depth, and TNM staging. It was noteworthy that, of the 13 early PSCE patients (T1N0M0), only one patient had more than 5 year survival, the others died with less than one or two year (65%). The present study indicates that the PSCE is of badly worsen prognosis, even in the pathological early stage. Tissue CgA protein expression is a promising maker not only for diagnosis and also for prognosis. Further assessment is needed to establish specific PSCE pathological staging system and to clarify the mechanisms of CgA protein in PSCE progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Ku
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - D Y Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.,Department of Pathology of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang
| | - X Song
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - X M Li
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.,Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou
| | - X K Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - S Lv
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - S J Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - R Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - F Y Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - H F Wu
- Department of Pathology of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang
| | - L D Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
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Fang CL, Yin LJ, Sharma S, Kierstein S, Wu HF, Eid G, Haczku A, Corrigan CJ, Ying S. Resistin-like molecule-β (RELM-β) targets airways fibroblasts to effect remodelling in asthma: from mouse to man. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:940-952. [PMID: 25545115 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RELM-β has been implicated in airways inflammation and remodelling in murine models. Its possible functions in human airways are largely unknown. The aim was to address the hypothesis that RELM-β plays a role in extracellular matrix deposition in asthmatic airways. METHODS The effects of RELM-β gene deficiency were studied in a model of allergen exposure in mice sensitised and challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus (Af). RELM-β expression was investigated in bronchial biopsies from asthmatic patients. Direct regulatory effects of RELM-β on human lung fibroblasts were examined using primary cultures and the MRC5 cell line in vitro. RESULTS Sensitisation and challenge of wild-type mice with Af-induced release of RELM-β with a time course coincident with that of procollagen in the airways. Af-induced expression of mRNA encoding some, but not all ECM in the lung parenchyma was attenuated in RELM-β-/- mice. RELM-β expression was significantly increased in the bronchial submucosa of human asthmatics compared with controls, and its expression correlated positively with that of fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin. In addition to epithelial cells, macrophages, fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells formed the majority of cells expressing RELM-β in the submucosa. Exposure to RELM-β increased TGF-β1, TGF-β2, collagen I, fibronectin, smooth muscle α-actin, laminin α1, and hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (Hapl1) production as well as proliferation by human lung fibroblasts in vitro. These changes were associated with activation of ERK1/2 in MRC5 cells. CONCLUSION The data are consistent with the hypothesis that elevated RELM-β expression in asthmatic airways contributes to airways remodelling at least partly by increasing fibroblast proliferation and differentiation with resulting deposition of extracellular matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Fang
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, The Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L J Yin
- Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases and Division of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei United University, Hebei, China
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Kierstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H F Wu
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, The Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G Eid
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, The Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Haczku
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C J Corrigan
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, The Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Ying
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, The Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, London, UK.,The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Su KY, Yu CY, Chen YW, Huang YT, Chen CT, Wu HF, Chen YLS. Rutin, a flavonoid and principal component of saussurea involucrata, attenuates physical fatigue in a forced swimming mouse model. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:528-37. [PMID: 24693223 PMCID: PMC3970108 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antifatigue effects of rutin, a flavonoid extracted from the ethyl acetate extract of S. involucrata. Mice were subjected to a weight-loaded forced swim test (WFST) on alternate days for 3 wk. Rutin was administered orally to the mice for 7 days in dosages of 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg body weight, and several biomarkers of physical fatigue were evaluated: swimming time, change in body weight, lipid peroxidation, lactic acid (LA), glycogen, and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). On Day 7, the rutin-treated mice had a 3-fold longer exhaustive swimming time than the control mice, as well as significantly reduced blood LA concentrations. The 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg body weight rutin-supplemented groups displayed 11.2%, 22.5%, and 37.7% reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, respectively, in brain and muscle tissues compared with the control exercised group. Our results indicated that the administration of rutin protected the mice against the depletion of SOD and GPx activities significantly. Following 7 days of rutin treatment, we sacrificed the mice and analyzed their soleus muscle and brain for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α coactivator (PGC-1α) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) mRNA expression. We observed that rutin treatment increased PGC-1α and SIRT1 mRNA and protein expression. The changes in these markers of mitochondrial biogenesis were associated with increased maximal endurance capacity. The application of 2D gel electrophoresis to analyze the rutin-responsive protein profiles in the WFST mouse brain further revealed the upregulation of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor-interacting protein 1, myelin basic protein, Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) alpha, and TPI, indicating that rutin might inhibit anxiety through the upregulation of the expression of anxiety-associated proteins. Western blot analysis of MAPK expression further confirmed the antianxiety effects of rutin. Our study results thus indicate that rutin treatment ameliorates the various impairments associated with physical fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Yi Su
- 2. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; ; 3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chao Yuan Yu
- 1. Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Wen Chen
- 1. Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsau Huang
- 4. National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Chen
- 1. Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fu Wu
- 1. Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Sophia Chen
- 1. Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
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Ding GX, Zhou SQ, Xu Z, Feng NH, Song NH, Wang XJ, Yang J, Zhang W, Wu HF, Hua LX. The association between MIF-173 G>C polymorphism and prostate cancer in southern Chinese. J Surg Oncol 2009; 100:106-10. [PMID: 19475570 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Accumulating epidemiological and molecular evidence suggests that inflammation is an important component in the etiology of PCa. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays an important role in the pro- and anti-inflammatory response to infection. This study is aimed at investigating the potential association between MIF-173 G>C polymorphism, Gleason score, clinical stage, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value with respect to PCa incidence among the Han nationality in Southern China. METHODS Genotyping was performed by using tetraprimer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on 259 PCa patients and 301 cancer-free controls. RESULTS We found that the MIF-173*C variant allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of PCa [adjusted odd ratio (OR) = 2.99, 95% confident interval (CI): 1.94-4.60] and higher Gleason scores from the PCa subjects (adjusted OR = 10.72, 95% CI: 5.35-21.49). In addition, we noted that the MIF -173*C variant allele was related to higher clinical stages and PSA values in PCa patients (adjusted OR = 15.68, 95% CI: 7.40-33.23; adjusted OR = 4.37, 95% CI: 2.41-7.92, respectively). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that MIF-173 polymorphisms may be associated with a higher incidence of prostate cancer compared to controls, and appears to be associated with higher Gleason scores, higher clinical stages, and PSA values in those with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G X Ding
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Qian LX, Wu HF, Shui YG, Zhang W, Cheng SG, Gu M, Xu ZQ. Pressure assessment in intercavernous embedding of bulboperineal urethra for treatment of urinary incontinence after prostatic operation. Asian J Androl 2001; 3:235-7. [PMID: 11561197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To put forward criteria for the pressure assessment in the operation of intercavernous embedding of bulboperineal urethra for the treatment of urinary incontinence after prostatic operation. METHODS A F14 urethral catheter is inserted during the operation and upon suturing the corpora cavemosa centrally, the catheter is slowly pushed in and pulled out in order that the operator feels a certain degree of close-fit resistance. The degree of tightness of the stitches, which regulate the compression pressure, is adjusted in accordance with this close-fit sensation. To further ascertain the adequacy of the force of compression, the bladder is filled with 300 ml physiological saline and observe the appropriateness (size and continuity) of the outflow stream when the lower abdomen is depressed with a pressure of 80-90 cm H2O. The operation was given to six patients suffered from urinary incontinence for 20 or more months after prostatic operation. RESULTS Five cases achieved complete recovery, while the therapeutic effect of the 6th one was not satisfactory. A second stage operation was carried out 3 months later with the addition of one more stitch both proximally and distally to reinforce the compression force. The condition was improved dramatically. The follow-up period averaged 3.5 years. CONCLUSION The adequacy of the compression pressure exerted by the juxtaposed corpora cavernosa is the key point determining the outcome of the operation. The measures for assessing the compression pressure suggested by the authors are helpful in obtaining the good results of the present paper (6/6 success) as compared with 25/34 success in the previous report.
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Qian
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China.
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Wu HF, Chen CH, Ho MY. Examination of the best pressure range for ion/molecule reactions of anthraquinones in an external source ion trap mass spectrometer. ANAL SCI 2001; 17:515-8. [PMID: 11990568 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study outlines some observations of the pressure effect for gas phase ion-molecule reactions of anthraquinone derivatives with dimethyl ether in an external source ion trap mass spectrometer. At the reagent pressure of 7.998 x 10(-2) Pa, formation of the protonated ions, [M + 13]+, [M + 15]+, and [M + 45]+ ions, of anthraquinones can be observed. However, at the pressure of 1.066 x 10(-2) Pa, formation of molecular ions and many fragment ions of the M+. or [M + H]+ ions have been observed. Since the pressure effect is notable within a small range of pressures for many compounds, it is important to draw attention to the use of the ion trap with an external source where other factors such as ion source residence time may play a role. This can also provide some information for better and more careful controls of the reagent pressure in order to obtain fair CI spectra in an external source ion trap mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan, ROC.
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Wu HF, Ho MY. Selective self-ion/molecule reactions in both external and internal source ion trap mass spectrometers. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2001; 15:1309-1316. [PMID: 11466790 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Novel results on the selective self-ion/molecule reactions (SSIMR) in both external and internal source ion trap mass spectrometers are demonstrated. Selective self-ion/molecule reaction product ions were produced between the oxygenated and nitrogenated crown ethers. For the oxygenated crown ethers, self-ion/molecule reactions lead to the formation of the protonated ions, adduct ions of fragments ([M + F](+)) and [M + H(3)O](+), while the nitrogenated crown ethers produce [M + H](+), [M + CH](+) and [M + C(2)H(3)](+) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taipei Hsien, 25137, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Wu HF, Chen LW, Chen CH. Probing reactive sites for ion-molecule reactions of anthraquinones with dimethyl ether using an external source ion trap tandem mass spectrometer and computational chemistry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2001; 15:1977-1987. [PMID: 11675663 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase ion-molecule reactions of anthraquinone derivatives with dimethyl ether (DME) were investigated using an external source ion trap mass spectrometer. Semi-empirical calculations were executed to determine possible reactive sites for the product ions. Collision activated dissociation (CAD) was successfully performed for very low abundance of ion-molecule products. Even for product ions with a relative intensity below 1%, CAD experiments can be successfully performed. Significantly more structural information could be elucidated based on this special feature. Importantly, the CAD spectra of very minor ions could be measured by this ion trap instrument, which significantly enhances the future role of the ion trap as a powerful analytical instrument. CAD of all product ions on anthraquinone compounds typically eliminates neutral molecules such as CO or H(2)O. A hydration phenomenon in the CAD processes resulting from the precursor ions incorporating one molecule of H(2)O and then eliminating one molecule of CO was observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taipei Hsien 251, Taiwan.
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Abstract
In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of mass spectrometry. Each bibliography is divided into 11 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 Instrumental Techniques & Methods; 3 Gas Phase Ion Chemistry; 4 Biology/Biochemistry: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins; Carbohydrates; Lipids; Nucleic Acids; 5 Pharmacology/Toxicology; 6 Natural Products; 7 Analysis of Organic Compounds; 8 Analysis of Inorganics/Organometallics; 9 Surface Analysis; 10 Environmental Analysis; 11 Elemental Analysis. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author (6 Weeks journals - Search completed at 7th. June 2000)
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Affiliation(s)
- HF Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taipei Hsien 25137, Taiwan
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Wu HF. Journal of mass spectrometry award symposium. J Mass Spectrom 2000; 35:1053-1054. [PMID: 10973006 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9888(200008)35:8<1053::aid-jms45>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- HF Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taipei Hsien 25137, Taiwan
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Wu HF. Study of temperature and pressure effects of negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry using methane and oxygen as reagent gases in an external source ion trap mass spectrometer. J Mass Spectrom 2000; 35:1049-1050. [PMID: 10973005 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9888(200008)35:8<1049::aid-jms37>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- HF Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taipei Hsien 25137, Taiwan
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Zhang QR, Lei ZX, Shi JH, Wang KX, Huang J, Wu HF, Xiong X. [Detection of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions in well-drilling workers]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2000; 14:78-80. [PMID: 12541483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the value of using distortion product of otoacoustic emissions(DPOAE) in monitoring noise-induced hearing-loss. METHOD The amplitude and the positive rates of DPOAE were detected in 102 well-drilling workers (195 ears). RESULT The amplitude and the positive rates of DPOAE declined significantly in noise groups against control. With the increase of working-age the positive rates of DPOAE was decrease. The DPOAE amplitudes and the positive rates of noise group with normal pure tone threshold were obvious lower than that in controls. There were negative relationship between pure tone threshold in high-frequency and the positive rates. CONCLUSION The DPOAE can reflect the cochlea's function of labors working in noise condition well. Contrast with the pure tone audiometry, DPOAE was more sensitive and more objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q R Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Central Hospital of Jianghan Oil Field, Qianjiang 433124
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- HF Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taipei Hsien, 25137, Taiwan
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36
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Huang JS, Wu HF, Hong JM, Chang FH, Hong K. Effect of liposomes on mineralization in rat osteoblast-enriched cultures. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1999; 15:187-94. [PMID: 10330797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes, artificial membranous lipid vesicles, have been used as model structures for biological calcification processes. However, there is no definite conclusion that liposomes can be like matrix vesicles for inducing bone calcification and bone-like tissue formation on primary cultured cells. To determine whether liposomes can promote bone cell growth and mineralization by inducing crystal nucleation, liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and bovine brain phosphatidylserine were added to 21-day-old Sprague-Dawley fetal rat calvarial cell cultures from day 1. The aims were to observe proliferation and the phenotype of osteoblasts by measuring cell numbers and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and, when added at confluence, to observe calcification. The data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA. During the 16-day culture period, cell numbers were not significantly affected by liposomes (100 mumol/L). However, ALP activity was significantly inhibited by liposomes (p < 0.05) at day 16 and thereafter. Calcified particles were detected by von Kossa's method, and were larger and more abundant (p < 0.05) in the liposomes groups than in the control from days 12-24. This response depended on liposomes dose. These findings suggest that liposomes promote calcification and accelerate the formation of bone-like tissue. Liposomes slightly reduce the expression of the osteoblast phenotype and do not affect cell growth in primary rat osteoblast-enriched cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Huang
- Graduate Institute of Dental Science, Kaohsiung Medical College
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37
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Lin CM, Hsu JC, Wu RS, Wu KC, Yu CL, Wu HF, Tan PP. Evoked facial nerve EMG and brainstem auditory evoked potential monitoring in cerebellopontine angle tumor resection. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin 1997; 35:141-7. [PMID: 9407677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preservation of normal nerve function or identification of nerve route is critical in some surgeries of cerebellopontine angle tumors. Over the last 5 years, intraoperative facial nerve electromyogram (EMG) and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) were applied for evaluation of facial nerve integrity and brainstem function in patients while undergoing resection of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor. This report represents the retrospective analysis of our results. METHODS The inhalational anesthesia with 1-1.5% isoflurane in pure O2 was used. Muscle relaxation was maintained with continuous infusion of atracurium. The degree of muscle relaxation was aimed at a T4/T1 ratio of train-of-four response more than 20% of the adductus pollicis upon ulnar nerve stimulation at the wrist. In 236 patients suffering from CPA tumor without facial palsy, the EMG of the mentalis muscle ipisilateral to the tumor was obtained through stimulation of the facial nerve. The stimulation was applied with a nerve finder, which delivered an electrical stimulation of a single 2 mamp direct current. The EMG finding was compared with the clinical result. In 198 patients, BAEP was used to monitor the brainstem function during tumor resection. In case of intact hearing the BAEP was taken ipsilateral to the operation side and in case with total hearing loss contralateral BAEP to operation side was used. For BAEP stimulation, 90 db click sound stimulation with frequency of 11.26 Hz was applied to both ears. BAEP signals were obtained and recorded at the mastoid region of either side in reference to the vertex. The EMG and BAEP signals were recorded and saved to an evoked potential monitor. RESULTS In facial nerve EMG monitoring, there were two false positive and no false negative tests. Except for the two false positive tests, the postoperative clinical results in the other cases were compatible with the intraoperative facial nerve EMG findings. In BAEP monitoring, there were twenty-eight positive tests. CONCLUSIONS The low incidence of false negative test suggests that facial nerve EMG is valuable in detection of facial nerve function in CPA tumor resection. Intraoperative BAEP abnormality is possibly useful in identifying postoperative brainstem dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wu HF, Guan FY, Luo Y. [A systematic screening and identification method for 29 central nervous system drugs in body fluid by high performance capillary electrophoresis]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1997; 32:377-83. [PMID: 11498876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
A systematic screening method has been developed for the detection of 29 central nervous system (CNS) drugs in human plasma, urine and gastric juice by high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE). The first step is sample preparation. The patient's or normal human plasma (0.5 ml) spiked with CNS drugs was extracted with 2 x 4 ml dichloromethane, while 2 ml of patient's or spiked urine was extracted with 2 x 6 ml chloroform. The combined extract from plasma or urine was evaporated to dryness in a rotation evaporator at 35 degrees C. The residue was dissolved in 100 microliters methanol and subsequently 400 microliters of redistilled water was added. The patient gastric juice (3 ml) was centrifuged at 2,000 r.min-1 for 5 min. The supernatant was filtered through 0.45 micron microporous membrane for injection onto capillary columns. The second step was to perform CZE separation in acidic buffer composed of 30 mmol.L-1(NH4)3PO4(pH 2.50) and 10% acetonitrile (condition A). Most of the benzodiazepines (diazepam, nitrazepam, chlordiazepoxide, flurazepam, extazolam, alprazolam) and methaqualone were baseline separated and detected at 5-13 min, while thiodiphenylamines showed group peaks at 3-5 min and barbiturates migrate with electroosmotic fluid (EOF) together. The third step is to separate the drugs in basic buffer constituted of 70 mmol.L-1 Na2HPO4(pH 8.60) and 30% acetonitrile (condition B). The thiodiphenylamines and some other basic drugs could be well separated, which include thihexyphenidyl, imipramine, amitriptyline, diphenhydramine, chlorpromazine, doxepin, chlorprothixene, promethazine and flurazepam, while the rest of the CNS drugs did not interfere with the separation. The last step was to separate the drugs by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) in such a buffer as 70 mmol.L-1 SDS plus 15 mmol.L-1 Na2HPO4 (pH 7.55) and 5% methanol (condition C). Barbiturates (barbital, phenobarbital, methylphenobarbital, amobarbital, thiopental, pentobarbital, secobarbital) and some hydrophobic drugs (glutethimide, alprazolam, clonazepam, carbamazepine, trifluoperazine, oxazepam) could be well separated. These drugs might be identified by both the relative migration time (rtm = tdrug/tEOF) and the ratios of peak heights (rh) monitored at different wavelength, since the ratios are characteristic of the spectrum of a drug. This method has been used in several real clinical samples of intoxication. For example, perphenazine and doxepin were detected in the gastric juice and phenobarbital in blood and gastric juice of an intoxicated patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850
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39
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Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B play important roles in the metabolism of neurotransmitters and dietary amines. The domains important for enzyme specificities were studied by construction of chimeric MAOA/B enzymes. Exchange of the N-terminal 45 amino acids of MAOA with the N-terminal 36 residues of MAOB (chimeric enzymes B36A and A45B) resulted in the same substrate and inhibitor sensitivities as the wild-type MAOA or B. Thus, the N terminus may not be responsible for MAOA or B enzyme specificities. When MAOB C-terminal residues 393-520 were replaced with MAOA C-terminal residues 402-527 (chimeric B393A) catalytic activity was not detectable. Chimeric B393A consists of eight residues with different charges, three less proline residues (458, 476, and 490), and one additional proline at 518 compared with wild-type MAOB. These differences may have induced conformational changes and affected MAOB catalytic activity. Thus, the C terminus of MAOB is critical for maintaining MAOB in an active form. It is interesting that when the C terminus of MAOA was switched with MAOB (chimeric A402B), little effect was observed on MAOA catalytic activity. This new information is valuable for further studies of the structure and function relationship of this important enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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40
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Abstract
alpha-Thrombin is chemotactic for human monocytes with optimal activity between 10-100 nM. The mechanism by which this response is mediated remains a point of controversy. The purpose of this study was to compare the chemotactic activity of proteolytically inactive thrombin (active site Ser195-->Ala mutant or Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethyl ketone-inactivated thrombin) to thrombin and the "tethered ligand" thrombin receptor agonist peptide SFLLRN (single-letter amino acid code). Monocyte chemotaxis was compared to an optimal concentration (10 nM, considered to be 100%) of formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Proteolytically inactive thrombin (38% of fMLP) had similar chemotactic activity to active thrombin (46% of fMLP) at a concentration of 100 nM. Chemotaxis to SFLLRN was comparable to that of a control hexapeptide (FSLNLR) which is not an agonist for the tethered ligand thrombin receptor. Cross-desensitization experiments showed that pretreatment of monocytes with either mutant or active thrombin reduced subsequent chemotaxis to both thrombin chemotaxins. Pretreatment with SFLLRN did not decrease subsequent chemotaxis to either form of thrombin. Calcium flux measurements showed that both active thrombin and SFLLRN induced a rapid increase in monocyte and platelet intracellular calcium concentration. However, there was no intracellular calcium change in response to mutant thrombin or FSLNLR. Likewise, active thrombin and SFLLRN induced a rapid net increase in polymerized actin, but mutant thrombin and FSLNLR did not. By contrast, both active and mutant thrombin induced a polarization of monocyte morphology and actin distribution. This polarization has been associated with directed migration in many cell types. SFLLRN, however, induced a symmetrical increase in polymerized actin. These results suggest that measurements of intracellular calcium and polymerized actin are not perfect surrogate tests for true chemotactic activity. These results show that thrombin proteolysis is not required for monocyte chemotaxis and may be mediated by interaction with a binding site other than the tethered ligand thrombin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Crago
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599-7035, USA
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41
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Abstract
Lactoferrin is a prominent component of neutrophil secondary granules and its blood concentration is increased in certain inflammatory diseases. Although the biochemical characterization of lactoferrin as an iron-binding protein has been well described, its physiological role in inflammation remains undefined. We examined the ability of lactoferrin to regulate glycosaminoglycan-accelerated thrombin-serine protease inhibitor (serpin) reactions. Lactoferrin effectively reduced the rate of thrombin-serpin (antithrombin and heparin cofactor II) reactions by three physiological glycosamino-glycans including heparin, heparan sulfate, and dermatan sulfate. An enzyme kinetics analysis showed that lactoferrin did not alter the apparent heparin-thrombin or the heparin-antithrombin dissociation constant values for the heparin-catalyzed thrombin-antithrombin reaction. However, the maximum reaction velocity at saturation with respect to either protein was markedly decreased by lactoferrin. The glycosaminoglycan-binding region of lactoferrin was analyzed following limited proteolysis using Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. Two lactoferrin fragments with Mr's of approximately 8 and approximately 11 kDa were purified based on their affinity to heparin-Sepharose. Amino acid sequence analysis demonstrated that both peptides were from the N-terminus. Although slightly less capable compared to intact lactoferrin, the lactoferrin peptides effectively neutralized heparin, heparan sulfate, and dermatan sulfate-catalyzed serpin-thrombin inhibition reactions. In addition, lactoferrin N-terminal peptides have approximately the same binding affinity to heparin-Sepharose as that of intact lactoferrin. Inspection of both the N-terminal amino acid sequence and the crystal structure of lactoferrin further supports the conclusion that lactoferrin is a novel glycosaminoglycan binding protein and that the putative glycosaminoglycan-binding site is localized to the N-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599
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Wu HF, Lundblad RL, Church FC. Neutralization of heparin activity by neutrophil lactoferrin. Blood 1995; 85:421-8. [PMID: 7811995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a prominent component of neutrophil secondary granules, and its blood concentration is increased in certain inflammatory diseases. In contrast to the well-described biochemical characterization of lactoferrin as an iron-binding protein, its physiologic role in the regulation of inflammation and other host defense mechanisms is unclear. In this report, we provide evidence that lactoferrin has a potent heparin-neutralizing activity during thrombin inhibition by the serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) antithrombin and heparin co-factor II. Activated neutrophil supernatant, which contains lactoferrin and other heparin-binding proteins, could neutralize the heparin-dependent antithrombin-thrombin inhibition reaction. The addition of lactoferrin to plasma corrected the heparin-induced prolongation of blood plasma coagulation as measured by the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Treatment of whole blood with specific inflammatory mediators, fMLP, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) increased the concentration of both plasma lactoferrin and platelet factor 4 while inhibiting the blood anticoagulant activity of heparin as measured by the aPTT. These results suggest that the prothrombotic sequelae of some inflammatory processes may be partly due to various agonists that release neutrophil lactoferrin, which can then neutralize glycosaminoglycan-dependent serpin-thrombin inhibition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine 27599-7035
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43
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Wu HF. Effect of nucleon correlation in the 0 nu beta beta decay of 76Ge and 82Se. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1994; 50:2882-2887. [PMID: 9969987 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.50.2882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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44
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Chen K, Wu HF, Grimsby J, Shih JC. Cloning of a novel monoamine oxidase cDNA from trout liver. Mol Pharmacol 1994; 46:1226-33. [PMID: 7808446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A trout liver monoamine oxidase (MAO) cDNA was cloned by screening a cDNA library with a human MAO-A cDNA probe. The trout MAO cDNA encodes 499 amino acids, with a molecular mass of 56.6 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of trout MAO shows 70% and 71% identity with those of human MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Trout MAO contains the pentapeptide sequence Ser-Gly-Gly-Cys-Tyr, to which the cofactor FAD is covalently bound. Transient expression of the cDNA in COS-7 cells shows that trout MAO oxidizes both serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] and beta-phenylethylamine (PEA), unlike human MAO-A and MAO-B, which oxidize only 5-HT and PEA, respectively. The Km for 5-HT is similar for trout MAO (130 +/- 17 mM) and human MAO-A (68 +/- 4 mM). The Km for PEA is similar for trout MAO (12.5 +/- 2.0 mM) and human MAO-B (1.5 +/- 0.2 mM). When 5-HT is used as a substrate, trout MAO is more sensitive to clorgyline (IC50, 2.8 +/- 0.2 x 10(-8) M) than deprenyl (IC50, 1.0 +/- 0.1 x 10(-6) M), a result similar to the inhibition selectivity of human MAO-A. However, trout MAO is less sensitive to clorgyline than is human MAO-A (IC50, 5.8 +/- 0.1 x 10(-10) M). Trout MAO is less sensitive to deprenyl (IC50, 4.6 +/- 0.3 x 10(-7) M) than is human MAO-B (IC50, 1.4 +/- 0.1 x 10(-9) M) when PEA is used as the substrate. These results indicate that trout MAO displays substrate and inhibitor selectivities that are not identical to those of either MAO-A and -B, and it therefore represents a novel type of MAO. The structure of trout MAO will provide insights into the substrate and inhibitor selectivities of the MAOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033
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45
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Liou CC, Wu HF, Brodbelt JS. Hydrogen-bonding interactions in gas-phase polyether/ammonium ion complexes. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1994; 5:260-273. [PMID: 24222563 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(94)85016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/1993] [Accepted: 11/15/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds are among the most important interactions involved in selective complexation in host-guest chemistry. In this study a variety of hydrogen-bonded crown ether/ammonium ion complexes are generated in the gas phase by association reactions between an amine substrate and a polyether, one of which is initially protonated, and stabilized by many collisions in the chemical ionlzation source of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer or in a quadrupole ion trap. The nature of the hydrogen-bonding interactions of the ion complexes are evaluated by comparison of their collision-activated dissociation spectra. After collisional activation, those complexes that are weakly bound dissociate to form intact protonated polyether molecules and/or ammonium ions by simple cleavages of the hydrogen-bond association interactions. In contrast, those complexes strongly bound by multiple hydrogen bonds dissociate not only to the protonated polyether and/or ammonium ions but also by extensive covalent bond cleavage of the protonated ether skeleton.This latter type of dissociation behavior suggests that the polyether/ammonium ion complexes may be sufficiently strongly bound that surpassing the high barrier to decomposition results in formation of internally excited polyether molecules that may then undergo subsequent fragmentation by skeletal cleavages. Moreover, complexes involving multiple hydrogen bonds may have slower dissociation kinetics, allowing competition from fast dissociation processes that have substantial energy barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Liou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, 78712-1167, Austin, TX
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46
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Wu HF, Song CL, Song HQ. 0 nu beta beta decays and shell model wave functions of 76Ge and 82Se. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1993; 48:2673-2678. [PMID: 9969143 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.48.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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47
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Wu HF, Brodbelt JS. Comparison of the orders of gas-phase basicities and ammonium ion affinities of polyethers by the kinetic method and ligand exchange technique. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1993; 4:718-722. [PMID: 24225997 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(93)80050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/24/1993] [Accepted: 02/25/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The orders of relative gas-phase basicities and ammonium ion affinities of a series of polyethers obtained by application of the kinetic method and ligand exchange technique are compared to evaluate the discrepancies of results between the two techniques. The order of gas-phase basicities determined by the ligand exchange technique in a quadrupole ion trap agrees with the order established previously by Kebarle using equilibrium methods in a high-pressure mass spectrometer. The order obtained by the kinetic method in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer varies for the ranking of one polyether (12-crown-4), and this discrepancy is attributed to a difference in the rates of the competing dissociation pathways from the triethylene glycol dimethyl ether/12-crown4 proton-bound adduct, owing to a substantial variation in the flexibilities of these two ethers. For the order of gas-phase ammonium ion affinities, the kinetic method results agree overall with the ligand exchange results; however, the order of ammonium ion affinities for tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether and 15-crown-5 could not be differentiated by the ligand exchange method because of the rapidity of ammonium ion transfer between the two polyethers in both directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, 78712-1167, Austin, TX
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48
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Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) A and B play important roles in the metabolism of neuroactive, vasoactive amines. Human platelets contain only MAO B, often used as an indicator of brain MAO B. The validity of this model remained to be evaluated. This report describes the molecular cloning of human MAO B from frontal cortex and platelets. Two overlapping PCR-amplified clones of human platelet MAO B and four PCR-amplified clones of human frontal cortex MAO B covering the entire coding region were sequenced using five internal oligomers and M13 reverse and forward primers. The nucleotide sequences of human MAO B cDNA from platelet and frontal cortex were identical to that of human liver MAO B except for three nucleotides that differed in frontal cortex: nucleotides 440 A-->G, 794 C-->T, and 825 C-->T. Whether or not these differences are artifactual, all three represent silent mutations, which would not alter the amino acid of the encoded polypeptides. Thus, the deduced amino acid sequences of MAO B from frontal cortex, platelet, and liver are identical. These findings indicate the validity of using platelet MAO B mRNA as a marker for brain MAO B and provide a new approach to study the role of brain MAO B in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033
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49
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Wu HF, Chen K, Shih JC. Site-directed mutagenesis of monoamine oxidase A and B: role of cysteines. Mol Pharmacol 1993; 43:888-93. [PMID: 8316221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nine cysteines are found in the deduced amino acid sequences of both human liver monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and MAO-B. The role of these cysteine residues in MAO-A and -B catalytic activity was studied by site-directed mutagenesis, whereby each cysteine residue was converted to serine. The wild-type and mutant cDNAs were then transiently transfected into COS cells and assayed for MAO-A and -B catalytic activity using 5-[3H]hydroxytryptamine and [14C]phenylethylamine, respectively, as substrates. Catalytic activities were retained in seven MAO-A cysteine to serine mutants (mutations at residues 165, 210, 266, 306, 321, 323, and 398) and in six MAO-B cysteine to serine mutants (mutations at residues 5, 172, 192, 297, 312, and 389). Kinetic parameters (Km) of these mutants were also similar to those of the wild-type enzymes, indicating that these cysteines are not necessary for enzymatic activity. Substitution of MAO-A Cys-374 and -406 and MAO-B Cys-156, -365, and -397 with serine resulted in complete loss of MAO-A and -B catalytic activity. The loss of catalytic activity was not due to unsuccessful transfection of the mutants, as indicated by either Northern blot or Western blot analysis. The loss of catalytic activity in the MAO-A Ser-406 and MAO-B Ser-397 mutants may be due to the prevention of covalent binding of the enzyme to the cofactor FAD, which is necessary for catalytic activity. The loss of catalytic activity of MAO-A Ser-374 and MAO-B Ser-156 and -365 suggests that these cysteines are important for catalytic activity, but whether they are involved in forming the active site or are important for the appropriate conformation of MAO-A and -B remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Wu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033
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Abstract
Hydrophobic affinity chromatography on p-chlorobenzylamido-agarose (p-CBA-agarose) was used to characterize various modified forms of human thrombin. Native alpha-thrombin bound tightly to the column and was eluted with either acetonitrile or 1,4-dioxane, while the catalytically inactive prethrombin 2 did not bind to the matrix. Site-specific chemical modification with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate resulted in the loss of at least 80% of fibrinogen clotting activity but did not influence the binding of thrombin to p-CBA agarose. Modification of thrombin with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is thought to occur at the fibrinogen-binding site and the heparin-binding site. In contrast, binding of thrombin to p-CBA agarose was eliminated by modification of the active site histidine using either H-D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine chloromethylketone or dansyl-L-glutamyl-glycyl-L-arginine chloromethylketone but not with tosyl-L-lysine chloromethylketone. The presence of either hirudin or heparin blocked the binding of thrombin to p-CBA-agarose but dansyl-arginine-N-(3-ethyl-1,5-pentanediyl)amide had no effect. These results indicate that p-CBA agarose binds to thrombin outside of the enzyme active site and its use should be valuable in characterizing site-specific modified thrombins obtained by either protein engineering or chemical modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Lundblad
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7455
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