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Wang S, He Q, Qu Y, Yin W, Zhao R, Wang X, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Emerging strategies for nerve repair and regeneration in ischemic stroke: neural stem cell therapy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2430-2443. [PMID: 38526280 PMCID: PMC11090435 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with limited treatment options available in clinical practice. The emergence of stem cell therapy has provided new hope to the field of stroke treatment via the restoration of brain neuron function. Exogenous neural stem cells are beneficial not only in cell replacement but also through the bystander effect. Neural stem cells regulate multiple physiological responses, including nerve repair, endogenous regeneration, immune function, and blood-brain barrier permeability, through the secretion of bioactive substances, including extracellular vesicles/exosomes. However, due to the complex microenvironment of ischemic cerebrovascular events and the low survival rate of neural stem cells following transplantation, limitations in the treatment effect remain unresolved. In this paper, we provide a detailed summary of the potential mechanisms of neural stem cell therapy for the treatment of ischemic stroke, review current neural stem cell therapeutic strategies and clinical trial results, and summarize the latest advancements in neural stem cell engineering to improve the survival rate of neural stem cells. We hope that this review could help provide insight into the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells and guide future scientific endeavors on neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siji Wang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qianyan He
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wenjing Yin
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xuyutian Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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2
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DeVeaux SA, Vyshnya S, Propsom K, Gbotosho OT, Singh AS, Horning RZ, Sharma M, Jegga AG, Niu L, Botchwey EA, Hyacinth HI. Neuroinflammation underlies the development of social stress induced cognitive deficit in sickle cell disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.24.577074. [PMID: 38328164 PMCID: PMC10849745 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.577074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive deficit is a debilitating complication of SCD with multifactorial pathobiology. Here we show that neuroinflammation and dysregulation in lipidomics and transcriptomics profiles are major underlying mechanisms of social stress-induced cognitive deficit in SCD. Townes sickle cell (SS) mice and controls (AA) were exposed to social stress using the repeat social defeat (RSD) paradigm concurrently with or without treatment with minocycline. Mice were tested for cognitive deficit using novel object recognition (NOR) and fear conditioning (FC) tests. SS mice exposed to RSD without treatment had worse performance on cognitive tests compared to SS mice exposed to RSD with treatment or to AA controls, irrespective of their RSD or treatment disposition. Additionally, compared to SS mice exposed to RSD with treatment, SS mice exposed to RSD without treatment had significantly more cellular evidence of neuroinflammation coupled with a significant shift in the differentiation of neural progenitor cells towards astrogliogenesis. Additionally, brain tissue from SS mice exposed to RSD was significantly enriched for genes associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction, neuron excitotoxicity, inflammation, and significant dysregulation in sphingolipids important to neuronal cell processes. We demonstrate in this study that neuroinflammation and lipid dysregulation are potential underlying mechanisms of social stress-related cognitive deficit in SS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S’Dravious A. DeVeaux
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sofiya Vyshnya
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katherine Propsom
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Oluwabukola T. Gbotosho
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Asem S. Singh
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert Z. Horning
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mihika Sharma
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anil G. Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Liang Niu
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Edward A. Botchwey
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hyacinth I. Hyacinth
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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3
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Zhao K, Wang P, Tang X, Chang N, Shi H, Guo L, Wang B, Yang P, Zhu T, Zhao X. The mechanisms of minocycline in alleviating ischemic stroke damage and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175903. [PMID: 37422120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a group of diseases resulting from cerebral vascular rupture or obstruction and subsequent brain blood circulation disorder, leading to rapid neurological deficits. Ischemic stroke accounts for the majority of all stroke cases. The current treatments for ischemic stroke mainly include t-PA thrombolytic therapy and surgical thrombectomy. However, these interventions aimed at recanalizing cerebral vessels can paradoxically lead to ischemia-reperfusion injury, which exacerbates the severity of brain damage. Minocycline, a semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic, has been shown to possess a wide range of neuroprotective effects independent of its antibacterial activity. Here we summarize the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of minocycline against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury based on the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, including its modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, excitotoxicity, programmed cell death and blood-brain barrier injury, and also introduce the role of minocycline in alleviating stroke-related complications, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of minocycline in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemeng Zhao
- Basic Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; College of First Clinical, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoguang Tang
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Na Chang
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haonan Shi
- Sanquan Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Longfei Guo
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bingyi Wang
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Tiantian Zhu
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Xinghua Zhao
- Basic Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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Klein I, Boenert J, Lange F, Christensen B, Wassermann MK, Wiesen MHJ, Olschewski DN, Rabenstein M, Müller C, Lehmann HC, Fink GR, Schroeter M, Rueger MA, Vay SU. Glia from the central and peripheral nervous system are differentially affected by paclitaxel chemotherapy via modulating their neuroinflammatory and neuroregenerative properties. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1038285. [PMID: 36408236 PMCID: PMC9666700 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1038285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Glia are critical players in defining synaptic contacts and maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Both astrocytes as glia of the central nervous system (CNS), as well as satellite glial cells (SGC) as glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), intimately interact with microglia, especially under pathological conditions when glia regulate degenerative as well as regenerative processes. The chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel evokes peripheral neuropathy and cognitive deficits; however, the mechanisms underlying these diverse clinical side effects are unclear. We aimed to elucidate the direct effects of paclitaxel on the function of astrocytes, microglia, and SGCs, and their glia-glia and neuronal-glia interactions. After intravenous application, paclitaxel was present in the dorsal root ganglia of the PNS and the CNS of rodents. In vitro, SGC enhanced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and reduced the expression of neurotrophic factor NT-3 upon exposure to paclitaxel, resulting in predominantly neurotoxic effects. Likewise, paclitaxel induced a switch towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype in microglia, exerting neurotoxicity. In contrast, astrocytes expressed neuroprotective markers and increasingly expressed S100A10 after paclitaxel exposure. Astrocytes, and to a lesser extent SGCs, had regulatory effects on microglia independent of paclitaxel exposure. Data suggest that paclitaxel differentially modulates glia cells regarding their (neuro-) inflammatory and (neuro-) regenerative properties and also affects their interaction. By elucidating those processes, our data contribute to the understanding of the mechanistic pathways of paclitaxel-induced side effects in CNS and PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Klein
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janne Boenert
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Lange
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Britt Christensen
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Meike K. Wassermann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin H. J. Wiesen
- Center of Pharmacology, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Navin Olschewski
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Monika Rabenstein
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- Center of Pharmacology, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Helmar C. Lehmann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon Rudolf Fink
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeter
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Maria Adele Rueger
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Sabine Ulrike Vay
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sabine Ulrike Vay,
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5
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The Role of Concomitant Nrf2 Targeting and Stem Cell Therapy in Cerebrovascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081447. [PMID: 35892653 PMCID: PMC9332234 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the reality that a death from cerebrovascular accident occurs every 3.5 min in the United States, there are few therapeutic options which are typically limited to a narrow window of opportunity in time for damage mitigation and recovery. Novel therapies have targeted pathological processes secondary to the initial insult, such as oxidative damage and peripheral inflammation. One of the greatest challenges to therapy is the frequently permanent damage within the CNS, attributed to a lack of sufficient neurogenesis. Thus, recent use of cell-based therapies for stroke have shown promising results. Unfortunately, stroke-induced inflammatory and oxidative damage limit the therapeutic potential of these stem cells. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been implicated in endogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, thus presenting an attractive target for novel therapeutics to enhance stem cell therapy and promote neurogenesis. This review assesses the current literature on the concomitant use of stem cell therapy and Nrf2 targeting via pharmaceutical and natural agents, highlighting the need to elucidate both upstream and downstream pathways in optimizing Nrf2 treatments in the setting of cerebrovascular disease.
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6
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Wei W, Xin W, Tang Y, Chen Z, Heng Y, Pu M, Yang B, Zuo J, Duan J. Disorder Genes Regulate the Progression of Ischemic Stroke through the NF- κB Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2464269. [PMID: 34746300 PMCID: PMC8570099 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2464269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Stroke is the second leading cause of death after ischemic heart disease, which accounts for 9% of the global death toll. To explore the molecular mechanisms of the effects of the dysregulated factors, in the GEO database, we obtained transcriptome data from 24 h/72 h of mice with ischemic stroke and 24 h/72 h of normal mice. We then performed differential gene analysis, coexpression analysis, enrichment analysis, and regulator prediction bioinformatics analysis to identify the potential genes. We made a comparison between the ischemic stroke 72 h and the ischemic stroke for 24 h, and 5103 differential genes were obtained (p < 0.05). Four functional barrier modules were obtained by weighted gene coexpression network analysis. The critical genes of each module were ASTL, Zfp472, Fmr1 gene, and Nap1l1. The results of the enrichment analysis showed ncRNA metabolism, microRNAs in cancer, and biosynthesis of amino acids. These three functions and pathways have the most considerable count value. The regulators of the regulatory dysfunction module were predicted by pivotal analysis of TF and noncoding RNA, and critical regulators including NFKB1 (NF-κB1), NFKBIA, CTNNB1, and SP1 were obtained. Finally, the pivotal target gene found that CTNNB1, NFKB1, NFKBia, and Sp1 are involved in 18, 32, 2, and 60 target genes, respectively. Therefore, we believe that NFKB1 and Sp1 have a potential role in the progression of ischemic stroke. The NFKB signaling pathway promotes inflammatory cytokines and regulates the progression of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Zhonglun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Yue Heng
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Mingjun Pu
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Bufan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Jiacai Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Jingfeng Duan
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China
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7
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Yang L, Qian J, Yang B, He Q, Wang J, Weng Q. Challenges and Improvements of Novel Therapies for Ischemic Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:721156. [PMID: 34658860 PMCID: PMC8514732 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.721156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the third most common disease all over the world, which is regarded as a hotspot in medical research because of its high mortality and morbidity. Stroke, especially ischemic stroke, causes severe neural cell death, and no effective therapy is currently available for neuroregeneration after stroke. Although many therapies have been shown to be effective in preclinical studies of ischemic stroke, almost none of them passed clinical trials, and the reasons for most failures have not been well identified. In this review, we focus on several novel methods, such as traditional Chinese medicine, stem cell therapy, and exosomes that have not been used for ischemic stroke till recent decades. We summarize the proposed basic mechanisms underlying these therapies and related clinical results, discussing advantages and current limitations for each therapy emphatically. Based on the limitations such as side effects, narrow therapeutic window, and less accumulation at the injury region, structure transformation and drug combination are subsequently applied, providing a deep understanding to develop effective treatment strategies for ischemic stroke in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Center for Drug and Cosmetic Evaluation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Hardy RA, Rached NA, Jones JA, Archer DR, Hyacinth HI. Role of age and neuroinflammation in the mechanism of cognitive deficits in sickle cell disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:106-120. [PMID: 32962408 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220958011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT This study provides crucial information that could be helpful in the development of new or repurposing of existing therapies for the treatment of cognitive deficit in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). Its impact is in demonstrating for the first time that neuroinflammation and along with abnormal neuroplasticity are among the underlying mechanism of cognitive and behavioral deficits in SCD and that drugs such as minocycline which targets these pathophysiological mechanisms could be repurposed for the treatment of this life altering complication of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raven A Hardy
- Neuroscience Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Atlanta Sickle Cell Disease Consortium, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Noor Abi Rached
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jayre A Jones
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David R Archer
- Atlanta Sickle Cell Disease Consortium, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hyacinth I Hyacinth
- Neuroscience Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Atlanta Sickle Cell Disease Consortium, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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9
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Shamsi F, Zeraatpisheh Z, Alipour H, Nazari A, Aligholi H. The effects of minocycline on proliferation, differentiation and migration of neural stem/progenitor cells. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:601-609. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1699083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shamsi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Neuroscience Laboratory (Brain, Cognition and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zeraatpisheh
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Neuroscience Laboratory (Brain, Cognition and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Alipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Nazari
- Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Aligholi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Neuroscience Laboratory (Brain, Cognition and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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10
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Blaschke S, Vay SU, Pallast N, Rabenstein M, Abraham JA, Linnartz C, Hoffmann M, Hersch N, Merkel R, Hoffmann B, Fink GR, Rueger MA. Substrate elasticity induces quiescence and promotes neurogenesis of primary neural stem cells-A biophysical in vitro model of the physiological cerebral milieu. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:960-972. [PMID: 30815982 DOI: 10.1002/term.2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, neural stem cells (NSC) are tightly regulated by external signals and biophysical cues mediated by the local microenvironment or "niche." In particular, the influence of tissue elasticity, known to fundamentally affect the function of various cell types in the body, on NSC remains poorly understood. We, accordingly, aimed to characterize the effects of elastic substrates on critical NSC functions. Primary rat NSC were grown as monolayers on polydimethylsiloxane- (PDMS-) based gels. PDMS-coated cell culture plates, simulating the physiological microenvironment of the living brain, were generated in various degrees of elasticity, ranging from 1 to 50 kPa; additionally, results were compared with regular glass plates as usually used in cell culture work. Survival of NSC on the PDMS-based substrates was unimpaired. The proliferation rate on 1 kPa PDMS decreased by 45% compared with stiffer PMDS substrates of 50 kPa (p < 0.05) whereas expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B/p27Kip1 increased more than two fold (p < 0.01), suggesting NSC quiescence. NSC differentiation was accelerated on softer substrates and favored the generation of neurons (42% neurons on 1 kPa PDMS vs. 25% on 50 kPa PDMS; p < 0.05). Neurons generated on 1 kPa PDMS showed 29% longer neurites compared with those on stiffer PDMS substrates (p < 0.05), suggesting optimized neuronal maturation and an accelerated generation of neuronal networks. Data show that primary NSC are significantly affected by the mechanical properties of their microenvironment. Culturing NSC on a substrate of brain-like elasticity keeps them in their physiological, quiescent state and increases their neurogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Blaschke
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich, Germany
| | - Sabine Ulrike Vay
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Niklas Pallast
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Monika Rabenstein
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Christina Linnartz
- Biomechanics Section, Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-7), Juelich, Germany
| | - Marco Hoffmann
- Biomechanics Section, Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-7), Juelich, Germany
| | - Nils Hersch
- Biomechanics Section, Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-7), Juelich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Biomechanics Section, Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-7), Juelich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Biomechanics Section, Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-7), Juelich, Germany
| | - Gereon Rudolf Fink
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich, Germany
| | - Maria Adele Rueger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich, Germany
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11
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Cho DY, Jeun SS. Combination therapy of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and minocycline improves neuronal function in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:309. [PMID: 30413178 PMCID: PMC6230290 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The positive effects of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) and minocycline on ischemic stroke models have been well described through numerous studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of combination therapy of hBM-MSCs with minocycline in a middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model. METHODS Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled in this study. After right middle cerebral artery occlusion, rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control, minocycline, hBM-MSCs, or hBM-MSCs with minocycline. Rotarod test, adhesive-removal test, and modified neurological severity score grading were performed before and 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after right middle cerebral artery occlusion. All rats were sacrificed at day 28. The volume of the infarcted area was measured with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN)- and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-positive cells in the ischemic boundary zone were assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Neurological outcome in the adhesive-removal test and rotarod test and modified neurological severity score were better in the combination therapy group than in the monotherapy and control groups. The volume of the infarcted area was smaller in the combination group compared with the others. The proportions of NeuN- and VEGF-positive cells in the ischemic boundary were highest in the combination therapy group. CONCLUSIONS Early combination therapy of hBM-MSCs with minocycline in an ischemic stroke model may enhance neurological recovery, reduce the volume of the infarcted area, and promote the expression of NeuN and VEGF in ischemic boundary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Young Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Sin-Soo Jeun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea.
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12
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Zhang XY, Zhang LM, Mi WD, Li YF. Translocator protein ligand, YL-IPA08, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior by promoting neural regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1937-1944. [PMID: 30233067 PMCID: PMC6183040 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.239442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocator protein has received attention for its involvement in the pathogenesis of depression. This study assessed the effects of the new translocator protein ligand, YL-IPA08, on alleviating inflammation-induced depression-like behavior in mice and investigated its mechanism of action. Mice were intracerebroventricularly injected with 1, 10, 100 or 1000 ng lipopolysaccharide. The tail-suspension test and the forced swimming test confirmed that 100 ng lipopolysaccharide induced depression-like behavior. A mouse model was then established by intraventricular injection of 100 ng lipopolysaccharide. On days 16-24 after model establishment, mice were intragastrically administered 3 mg/kg YL-IPA08 daily. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine BrdU and NeuN expression in the hippocampus. YL-IPA08 effectively reversed the depression-like behavior of lipopolysaccharide-treated mice, restored body mass, increased the number of BrdU-positive cells, and the number and proportion of BrdU and NeuN double-positive cells. These findings indicate that YL-IPA08 can attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior in mice by promoting the formation of hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Dong Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Vay SU, Flitsch LJ, Rabenstein M, Rogall R, Blaschke S, Kleinhaus J, Reinert N, Bach A, Fink GR, Schroeter M, Rueger MA. The plasticity of primary microglia and their multifaceted effects on endogenous neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:226. [PMID: 30103769 PMCID: PMC6090672 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia—the resident immune cells of the brain—are activated after brain lesions, e.g., cerebral ischemia, and polarize towards a classic “M1” pro-inflammatory or an alternative “M2” anti-inflammatory phenotype following characteristic temporo-spatial patterns, contributing either to secondary tissue damage or to regenerative responses. They closely interact with endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) residing in distinct niches of the adult brain. The current study aimed at elucidating the dynamics of microglia polarization and their differential effects on NSC function. Results Primary rat microglia in vitro were polarized towards a M1 phenotype by LPS, or to a M2 phenotype by IL4, while simultaneous exposure to LPS plus IL4 resulted in a hybrid phenotype expressing both M1- and M2-characteristic markers. M2 microglia migrated less but exhibit higher phagocytic activity than M1 microglia. Defined mediators switched microglia from one polarization state to the other, a process more effective when transforming M2 microglia towards M1 than vice versa. Polarized microglia had differential effects on the differentiation potential of NSCs in vitro and in vivo, with M1 microglia promoting astrocytogenesis, while M2 microglia supported neurogenesis. Regardless of their polarization, microglia inhibited NSC proliferation, increased NSC migration, and accelerated NSC differentiation. Conclusion Overall, this study shed light on the complex conditions governing microglia polarization and the effects of differentially polarized microglia on critical functions of NSCs in vitro and in vivo. Refining the understanding of microglia activation and their modulatory effects on NSCs is likely to facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic concepts supporting the innate regenerative capacity of the brain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1261-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ulrike Vay
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Lea Jessica Flitsch
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Monika Rabenstein
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Rogall
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Blaschke
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Judith Kleinhaus
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Noémie Reinert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Bach
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon Rudolf Fink
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Maria Adele Rueger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
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14
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Abstract
Accumulating research substantiates the statement that inflammation plays an important role in the development of stroke. Both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators are involved in the pathogenesis of stroke, an imbalance of which leads to inflammation. Anti-inflammation is a kind of hopeful strategy for the prevention and treatment of stroke. Substantial studies have demonstrated that minocycline, a second-generation semisynthetic antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline family, can inhibit neuroinflammation, inflammatory mediators and microglia activation, and improve neurological outcome. Experimental and clinical data have found the preclinical and clinical potential of minocycline in the treatment of stroke due to its anti-inflammation properties and anti-inflammation-induced pathogeneses, including antioxidative stress, antiapoptosis, inhibiting leukocyte migration and microglial activation, and decreasing matrix metalloproteinases activity. Hence, it suggests a great future for minocycline in the therapeutics of stroke that diminish the inflammatory progress of stroke.
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15
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Li L, Saiyin H, Xie J, Ma L, Xue L, Wang W, Liang W, Yu Q. Sevoflurane preconditioning induced endogenous neurogenesis against ischemic brain injury by promoting microglial activation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28544-28557. [PMID: 28212538 PMCID: PMC5438671 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia causes irreversible damage to functional neurons in cases of infarct. Promoting endogenous neurogenesis to replace necrotic neurons is a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemia patients. The neuroprotective role of sevoflurane preconditioning implies that it might also enhance endogenous neurogenesis and functional restoration in the infarct region. By using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model, we discovered that endogenous neurogenesis was enhanced by sevoflurane preconditioning. This enhancement process is characterized by the promotion of neuroblast proliferation within the subventricular zone (SVZ), migration and differentiation into neurons, and the presence of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes at the site of infarct. The newborn neurons in the sevoflurane preconditioning group showed miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), increased synaptophysin and PSD95 staining density, indicating normal neuronal function. Furthermore, long-term behavioral improvement was observed in the sevoflurane preconditioning group consistent with endogenous neurogenesis. Further histological analyses showed that sevoflurane preconditioning accelerated microglial activation, including migration, phagocytosis and secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Intraperitoneal injection of minocycline, a microglial inhibitor, suppressed microglial activation and reversed neurogenesis. Our data showed that sevoflurane preconditioning promoted microglial activities, created a favorable microenvironment for endogenous neurogenesis and accelerated functional reconstruction in the infarct region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jingmo Xie
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lixiang Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weimin Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
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16
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Heese K. Functional repertoire of interleukin-6 in the central nervous system – a review. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2017; 35:693-701. [DOI: 10.3233/rnn-170772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Heese
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Wu J, Hocevar M, Foss JF, Bie B, Naguib M. Activation of CB 2 receptor system restores cognitive capacity and hippocampal Sox2 expression in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 811:12-20. [PMID: 28551012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuroinflammation, extensive deposits of amyloid-β aggregates, and loss of memory and cognitive abilities. The brains of patients with AD show increased expression of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) receptors and glial markers. CB2 receptors act as a negative feedback regulator; when activated by a CB2 agonist, they can help limit the extent of the neuroinflammatory response and the subsequent development of neuronal damage in the central nervous system. In a double transgenic APP/PS1 mice model of AD, we evaluated the effect of MDA7, a CB2 agonist, on several neuropathological conditions of AD including amyloid deposition, inflammatory reaction, Sox2 (sex-determining region Y-box 2) expression, and spatial memory. Activation of microglia CB2 receptors by MDA7 suppressed neuroinflammation, demonstrated by decreased immunosignal of Iba1 in the hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) areas, promoted clearance of amyloid plaques in the DG area, restored Sox2 expression, and promoted recovery of the neuronal synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1. In addition, treatment with MDA7 improved the behavioral performance in the Morris water maze in APP/PS1mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that MDA7 has a potential therapeutic effect in the setting of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wu
- Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave. - NE6-306, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mark Hocevar
- Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave. - NE6-306, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Medical student, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Joseph F Foss
- Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave. - NE6-306, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bihua Bie
- Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave. - NE6-306, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mohamed Naguib
- Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave. - NE6-306, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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18
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Wang W, Zhang L, Zhang X, Xue R, Li L, Zhao W, Fu Q, Mi W, Li Y. Lentiviral-Mediated Overexpression of the 18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Ameliorates LPS-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:384. [PMID: 27803668 PMCID: PMC5068146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is involved in the immune/inflammatory response. However, the exact role that TSPO plays in neuroinflammation-induced cognitive impairment is still elusive. The purpose of our present study was to investigate the effects of lentiviral-mediated hippocampal overexpression of the TSPO in a mouse model of LPS-induced cognitive impairment. We established a mouse cognitive impairment model using systematic daily administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.5 mg/kg). Microinjection of the dentate gyrus of the mouse with lentiviral vectors, which contained a cDNA targeting TSPO (Lv-TSPO), resulted in a significant increase in TSPO expression and allopregnanolone production. Mice treated with LPS showed cognitive deficits in the novel object recognition test and the Morris water maze test that could be ameliorated by TSPO overexpression. In addition, TSPO overexpression reversed LPS-induced microglial activation and accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Moreover, TSPO overexpression attenuated the LPS-induced impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis. Our results suggest that local overexpression of TSPO in the hippocampal dentate gyrus alleviated LPS-induced cognitive deficits, and its effects might be mediated by the attenuation of inflammatory cytokines, inhibition of microglial activation, and promotion of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China; Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijing, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket ForceBeijing, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Postgraduates, Hebei North University Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Weixing Zhao
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Mi
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing, China
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