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Li XC, Chen H, Chen Y, Chu YX, Mi WL, Wang YQ, Mao-Ying QL. Spinal Neuronal miR-124 Inhibits Microglial Activation and Contributes to Preventive Effect of Electroacupuncture on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:410-420. [PMID: 38088802 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a persistent and irreversible side effect of antineoplastic agents. Patients with CIPN usually show chronic pain and sensory deficits with glove-and-stocking distribution. However, whether spinal neuronal microRNA (miR)-124 is involved in cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy remains to be studied. In this study, miR-124 was significantly reduced in the spinal dorsal horn in CIPN mice. Overexpression of neuronal miR-124 induced by injecting adeno-associated virus with neuron-specific promoter into the spinal cord of mice prevented the development of mechanical allodynia, sensory deficits, and the loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers induced by cisplatin. Meanwhile, cisplatin-induced M1 microglia activation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines were significantly inhibited by overexpression of neuronal miR-124. Furthermore, electroacupuncture (EA) treatment upregulated miR-124 expression in the spinal dorsal horn of CIPN mice. Interestingly, downregulation of spinal neuronal miR-124 significantly inhibited the regulatory effect of EA on CIPN and microglia activity as well as spinal neuroinflammation induced by cisplatin. These results demonstrate that spinal neuronal miR-124 is involved in the prevention and treatment of EA on cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice. Our findings suggest that spinal neuronal miR-124 might be a potential target for EA effect, and we provide, to our knowledge, a new experimental basis for EA prevention of CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xia Chu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Li Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Liang Mao-Ying
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Filannino FM, Panaro MA, Benameur T, Pizzolorusso I, Porro C. Extracellular Vesicles in the Central Nervous System: A Novel Mechanism of Neuronal Cell Communication. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1629. [PMID: 38338906 PMCID: PMC10855168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is essential for the appropriate development and maintenance of homeostatic conditions in the central nervous system. Extracellular vesicles have recently come to the forefront of neuroscience as novel vehicles for the transfer of complex signals between neuronal cells. Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound carriers packed with proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids (including DNA, mRNA, and microRNAs) that contain the elements present in the cell they originate from. Since their discovery, extracellular vesicles have been studied extensively and have opened up new understanding of cell-cell communication; they may cross the blood-brain barrier in a bidirectional way from the bloodstream to the brain parenchyma and vice versa, and play a key role in brain-periphery communication in physiology as well as pathology. Neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system release extracellular vesicles to the interstitial fluid of the brain and spinal cord parenchyma. Extracellular vesicles contain proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and primary and secondary metabolites. that can be taken up by and modulate the behaviour of neighbouring recipient cells. The functions of extracellular vesicles have been extensively studied in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to analyse the role extracellular vesicles extracellular vesicles in central nervous system cell communication, with particular emphasis on the contribution of extracellular vesicles from different central nervous system cell types in maintaining or altering central nervous system homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Tarek Benameur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ilaria Pizzolorusso
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Mental Health, ASL Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy;
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Yang J, Dong J, Li H, Gong Z, Wang B, Du K, Zhang C, Bi H, Wang J, Tian X, Chen L. Circular RNA HIPK2 Promotes A1 Astrocyte Activation after Spinal Cord Injury through Autophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Modulating miR-124-3p-Mediated Smad2 Repression. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:781-797. [PMID: 38222662 PMCID: PMC10785321 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Glial scarring formed by reactive astrocytes after spinal cord injury (SCI) is the primary obstacle to neuronal regeneration within the central nervous system, making them a promising target for SCI treatment. Our previous studies have demonstrated the positive impact of miR-124-3p on neuronal repair, but it remains unclear how miR-124-3p is involved in autophagy or ER stress in astrocyte activation. To answer this question, the expression of A1 astrocyte-related markers at the transcriptional and protein levels after SCI was checked in RNA-sequencing data and verified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting in vitro and in vivo. The potential interactions among circHIPK2, miR-124-3p, and Smad2 were analyzed and confirmed by bioinformatics analyses and a luciferase reporter assay. In the end, the role of miR-124-3p in autophagy, ER stress, and SCI was investigated by using Western blotting to measure key biomarkers (C3, LC3, and Chop) in the absence or presence of corresponding selective inhibitors (siRNA, 4-PBA, TG). As a result, SCI caused the increase of A1 astrocyte markers, in which the upregulated circHIPK2 directly targeted miR-124-3p, and the direct downregulating effect of Smad2 by miR-124-3p was abolished, while Agomir-124 treatment reversed this effect. Injury caused a significant change of markers for ER stress and autophagy through the circHIPK2/miR-124-3p/Smad2 pathway, which might activate the A1 phenotype, and ER stress might promote autophagy in astrocytes. In conclusion, circHIPK2 may play a functional role in sequestering miR-124-3p and facilitating the activation of A1 astrocytes through regulating Smad2-mediated downstream autophagy and ER stress pathways, providing a new perspective on potential targets for functional recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haotian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Kaili Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Hangchuan Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Junfei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinpeng Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Lingqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
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Wies Mancini VSB, Mattera VS, Pasquini JM, Pasquini LA, Correale JD. Microglia-derived extracellular vesicles in homeostasis and demyelination/remyelination processes. J Neurochem 2024; 168:3-25. [PMID: 38055776 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglia (MG) play a crucial role as the predominant myeloid cells in the central nervous system and are commonly activated in multiple sclerosis. They perform essential functions under normal conditions, such as actively surveying the surrounding parenchyma, facilitating synaptic remodeling, engulfing dead cells and debris, and protecting the brain against infectious pathogens and harmful self-proteins. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are diverse structures enclosed by a lipid bilayer that originate from intracellular endocytic trafficking or the plasma membrane. They are released by cells into the extracellular space and can be found in various bodily fluids. EVs have recently emerged as a communication mechanism between cells, enabling the transfer of functional proteins, lipids, different RNA species, and even fragments of DNA from donor cells. MG act as both source and recipient of EVs. Consequently, MG-derived EVs are involved in regulating synapse development and maintaining homeostasis. These EVs also directly influence astrocytes, significantly increasing the release of inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, resulting in a robust inflammatory response. Furthermore, EVs derived from inflammatory MG have been found to inhibit remyelination, whereas Evs produced by pro-regenerative MG effectively promote myelin repair. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of MG-derived Evs, their impact on neighboring cells, and the cellular microenvironment in normal conditions and pathological states, specifically focusing on demyelination and remyelination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S B Wies Mancini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V S Mattera
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J M Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L A Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J D Correale
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Neurología, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cioanca AV, Wooff Y, Aggio‐Bruce R, Sekar R, Dietrich C, Natoli R. Multiomic integration reveals neuronal-extracellular vesicle coordination of gliotic responses in degeneration. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12393. [PMID: 38082562 PMCID: PMC10714032 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), including in the retina, neuronal-to-glial communication is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis including signal transmission, transfer of trophic factors, and in the modulation of inflammation. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated transport of molecular messages to regulate these processes has been suggested as a mechanism by which bidirectional communication between neuronal and glial cells can occur. In this work we employed multiomics integration to investigate the role of EV communication pathways from neurons to glial cells within the CNS, using the mouse retina as a readily accessible representative CNS tissue. Further, using a well-established model of degeneration, we aimed to uncover how dysregulation of homeostatic messaging between neurons and glia via EV can result in retinal and neurodegenerative diseases. EV proteomics, glia microRNA (miRNA) Open Array and small RNA sequencing, and retinal single cell sequencing were performed, with datasets integrated and analysed computationally. Results demonstrated that exogenous transfer of neuronal miRNA to glial cells was mediated by EV and occurred as a targeted response during degeneration to modulate gliotic inflammation. Taken together, our results support a model of neuronal-to-glial communication via EV, which could be harnessed for therapeutic targeting to slow the progression of retinal-, and neuro-degenerations of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian V. Cioanca
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Yvette Wooff
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Riemke Aggio‐Bruce
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Rakshanya Sekar
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Catherine Dietrich
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
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Schoch L, Alcover S, Padró T, Ben-Aicha S, Mendieta G, Badimon L, Vilahur G. Update of HDL in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2023; 35:297-314. [PMID: 37940388 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence supported an inverse association between HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), identifying HDL-C as a major cardiovascular risk factor and postulating diverse HDL vascular- and cardioprotective functions beyond their ability to drive reverse cholesterol transport. However, the failure of several clinical trials aimed at increasing HDL-C in patients with overt cardiovascular disease brought into question whether increasing the cholesterol cargo of HDL was an effective strategy to enhance their protective properties. In parallel, substantial evidence supports that HDLs are complex and heterogeneous particles whose composition is essential for maintaining their protective functions, subsequently strengthening the "HDL quality over quantity" hypothesis. The following state-of-the-art review covers the latest understanding as per the roles of HDL in ASCVD, delves into recent advances in understanding the complexity of HDL particle composition, including proteins, lipids and other HDL-transported components and discusses on the clinical outcomes after the administration of HDL-C raising drugs with particular attention to CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Schoch
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastián Alcover
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Guiomar Mendieta
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiovascular Clinical Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; CiberCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; CiberCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Xue X, Xi W, Li W, Xiao J, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Hydrogen-rich saline alleviates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by reducing expression of calpain1 via miR-124-3p. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:3077-3090. [PMID: 37602925 PMCID: PMC10567641 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Molecular hydrogen has been exhibited a protective function in heart diseases. Our previous study demonstrated that hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) could scavenge free radicals selectively and alleviate the inflammatory response in the myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully clarified. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult (10 weeks) C57BL/6 male mice and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were used to establish I/R and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury models. I/R and H/R models were treated with HRS to classify the mechanisms of cardioproctective function. In this study, we found that miR-124-3p was significantly decreased in both I/R and H/R models, while it was partially ameliorated by HRS pretreatment. HRS treatment also alleviated ischaemia-induced apoptotic cell death and increased cell viability during I/R process, whereas silencing expression of miR-124-3p abolished this protective effect. In addition, we identified calpain1 as a direct target of miR-124-3p, and up-regulation of miR-124-3 produced both activity and expression of calpain1. It was also found that compared with the HRS group, overexpression of calpain1 increased caspase-3 activities, promoted cleaved-caspase3 and Bax protein expressions, and correspondingly decreased Bcl-2, further reducing cell viability. These results illustrated that calpain1 overexpression attenuated protective effect of HRS on cardiomyocytes in H/R model. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed a protective effect of HRS on I/R injury, which may be associated with miR-124-3p-calpain1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Xue
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryChangzheng Hospital, Naval Military Medical University415 Fengyang RoadShanghai200003China
| | - Wang Xi
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryChangzheng Hospital, Naval Military Medical University415 Fengyang RoadShanghai200003China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryGeneral Hospital of Central Theater CommandWuhanChina
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryChangzheng Hospital, Naval Military Medical University415 Fengyang RoadShanghai200003China
| | - Zhinong Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryChangzheng Hospital, Naval Military Medical University415 Fengyang RoadShanghai200003China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryChangzheng Hospital, Naval Military Medical University415 Fengyang RoadShanghai200003China
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Graham A. Modulation of the Cellular microRNA Landscape: Contribution to the Protective Effects of High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1232. [PMID: 37759631 PMCID: PMC10526091 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) play an established role in protecting against cellular dysfunction in a variety of different disease contexts; however, harnessing this therapeutic potential has proved challenging due to the heterogeneous and relative instability of this lipoprotein and its variable cargo molecules. The purpose of this study is to examine the contribution of microRNA (miRNA; miR) sequences, either delivered directly or modulated endogenously, to these protective functions. This narrative review introduces the complex cargo carried by HDL, the protective functions associated with this lipoprotein, and the factors governing biogenesis, export and the uptake of microRNA. The possible mechanisms by which HDL can modulate the cellular miRNA landscape are considered, and the impact of key sequences modified by HDL is explored in diseases such as inflammation and immunity, wound healing, angiogenesis, dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, potentially offering new routes for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Graham
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
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Veremeyko T, Jiang R, He M, Ponomarev ED. Complement C4-deficient mice have a high mortality rate during PTZ-induced epileptic seizures, which correlates with cognitive problems and the deficiency in the expression of Egr1 and other immediate early genes. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1170031. [PMID: 37234916 PMCID: PMC10206007 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1170031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement system plays an important role in the immune defense against pathogens; however, recent studies demonstrated an important role of complement subunits C1q, C4, and C3 in normal functions of the central nervous system (CNS) such as non-functional synapse elimination (synapse pruning), and during various neurologic pathologies. Humans have two forms of C4 protein encoded by C4A and C4B genes that share 99.5% homology, while mice have only one C4B gene that is functionally active in the complement cascade. Overexpression of the human C4A gene was shown to contribute to the development of schizophrenia by mediating extensive synapse pruning through the activation C1q-C4-C3 pathway, while C4B deficiency or low levels of C4B expression were shown to relate to the development of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders possibly via other mechanisms not related to synapse elimination. To investigate the potential role of C4B in neuronal functions not related to synapse pruning, we compared wildtype (WT) mice with C3- and C4B- deficient animals for their susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)- induced epileptic seizures. We found that C4B (but not C3)-deficient mice were highly susceptible to convulsant and subconvulsant doses of PTZ when compared to WT controls. Further gene expression analysis revealed that in contrast to WT or C3-deficient animals, C4B-deficient mice failed to upregulate expressions of multiple immediate early genes (IEGs) Egrs1-4, c-Fos, c-Jus, FosB, Npas4, and Nur77 during epileptic seizures. Moreover, C4B-deficient mice had low levels of baseline expression of Egr1 on mRNA and protein levels, which was correlated with the cognitive problems of these animals. C4-deficient animals also failed to upregulate several genes downstream of IEGs such as BDNF and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF. Taken together, our study demonstrates a new role of C4B in the regulation of expression of IEGs and their downstream targets during CNS insults such as epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Veremeyko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingliang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eugene D. Ponomarev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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10
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Huang J, Chen D, Lin X, Yang C, Lin X. miRNA-124 alleviated memory impairment induced by d-galactose rapidly in male rats via microglia polarization. Hippocampus 2023; 33:96-111. [PMID: 36541921 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MiRNA-124 has been considered to play a significant role in the formation of memory and a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, the aim is to verify whether miRNA-124 is involved in memory impairment induced by d-galactose, and explore the underlying neuroprotective mechanism. The results revealed that rapid administration of d-galactose (1000 mg/kg subcutaneously) in mice caused memory impairments, as determined by Novel Object Recognition test, Morris Water Maze test, and histological assessments. MiRNA-124 agomir is stereotactic injected into hippocampus, thus alleviated memory impairment induced by d-galactose and reversed the neural damage and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, the results of molecular biological analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed that miRNA-124 markedly reduced neuroinflammation induced by d-galactose through polarization of microglia as determined by detection of ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase-1(Arg-1), which also downregulated inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and upregulated IL-4 and IL-10. Hence, taken together, the results of the present study suggested that miRNA-124 showed a significant negative correlation with memory impairment and neuroinflammation induced by d-galactose rapidly, possibly via polarization of microglia from M1 to M2. It is possible that miRNA-124 can be used as a new target for the pathogenesis of memory impairment, including age-associated neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Anesthesiology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dengchao Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengxia Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianzhong Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Anesthesiology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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11
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Nieves Torres D, Lee SH. Inter-neuronal signaling mediated by small extracellular vesicles: wireless communication? Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1187300. [PMID: 37181650 PMCID: PMC10172472 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1187300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional inter-neuronal communication conceptualizes the wired method of chemical synapses that physically connect pre-and post-synaptic neurons. In contrast, recent studies indicate that neurons also utilize synapse-independent, hence "wireless" broadcasting-type communications via small extracellular vesicles (EVs). Small EVs including exosomes are secreted vesicles released by cells and contain a variety of signaling molecules including mRNAs, miRNAs, lipids, and proteins. Small EVs are subsequently absorbed by local recipient cells via either membrane fusion or endocytic processes. Therefore, small EVs enable cells to exchange a "packet" of active biomolecules for communication purposes. It is now well established that central neurons also secrete and uptake small EVs, especially exosomes, a type of small EVs that are derived from the intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies. Specific molecules carried by neuronal small EVs are shown to affect a variety of neuronal functions including axon guidance, synapse formation, synapse elimination, neuronal firing, and potentiation. Therefore, this type of volume transmission mediated by small EVs is thought to play important roles not only in activity-dependent changes in neuronal function but also in the maintenance and homeostatic control of local circuitry. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries, catalog neuronal small EV-specific biomolecules, and discuss the potential scope of small EV-mediated inter-neuronal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Nieves Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sang H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Sang H. Lee,
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12
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Marangon D, Castro e Silva JH, Lecca D. Neuronal and Glial Communication via Non-Coding RNAs: Messages in Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010470. [PMID: 36613914 PMCID: PMC9820657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been increasingly recognized as essential players in cell communication in many organs and systems, including the central nervous system (CNS). A proper interaction between neural cells is fundamental in the regulation of neurophysiological processes and its alteration could induce several pathological phenomena, such as neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and demyelination. EVs contain and transfer complex molecular cargoes typical of their cells of origin, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and metabolites to recipient cells. EVs are also enriched in non-coding RNAs (e.g., microRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNA), which were formerly considered as cell-intrinsic regulators of CNS functions and pathologies, thus representing a new layer of regulation in the cell-to-cell communication. In this review, we summarize the most recent and advanced studies on the role of EV-derived ncRNAs in the CNS. First, we report the potential of neural stem cell-derived ncRNAs as new therapeutic tools for neurorepair. Then, we discuss the role of neuronal ncRNAs in regulating glia activation, and how alteration in glial ncRNAs influences neuronal survival and synaptic functions. We conclude that EV-derived ncRNAs can act as intercellular signals in the CNS to either propagate neuroinflammatory waves or promote reparative functions.
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13
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Pounders J, Hill EJ, Hooper D, Zhang X, Biesiada J, Kuhnell D, Greenland HL, Esfandiari L, Timmerman E, Foster F, Wang C, Walsh KB, Shatz R, Woo D, Medvedovic M, Langevin S, Sawyer RP. MicroRNA expression within neuronal-derived small extracellular vesicles in frontotemporal degeneration. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30854. [PMID: 36221381 PMCID: PMC9542922 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA that are powerful regulators of gene expression and can affect the expression of hundreds of genes. miRNAs can be packed in small extracellular vesicles (SEV) and released into the extracellular space by neurons and microglia to act locally as well as pass through the blood-brain barrier and act systemically. We sought to understand the differences in neuronal SEV miRNA expression between frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and healthy aging. Plasma was obtained from FTD, AD, and healthy aging participants that were matched based on age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Additionally, a subset of participants also provided paired cerebrospinal fluid samples to compare neuronal SEV miRNAs in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Neuronal SEV were isolated using differential ultracentrifugation and antibody conjugated Dynabeads® for the neuronal surface marker, L1CAM. RNA sequencing was performed. 12 FTD, 11 with AD, and 10 healthy aging participants were enrolled in the study. In FTD, SEV miRNA-181c was downregulated compared to healthy controls. In AD, miRNA-122 and miRNA-3591 were downregulated compared to those in healthy controls and FTD. Using an FDR <0.2, only miRNA-21-5p was found to have increased expression in the cerebrospinal fluid compared to plasma in a group of AD and FTD participants. SEV miRNA-181c is significantly downregulated in FTD compared to healthy controls and may mediate its effects through microglial-directed neuroinflammation and interaction with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) based on pathway analysis. Additionally, the FOXO and Hippo pathways may be important mediators of FTD, based on pathway analysis. Lastly, because only one SEV miRNA was differentially expressed between the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in paired samples, plasma represents an appropriate biofluid for studying neuronal SEV miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pounders
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Emily J. Hill
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Destiny Hooper
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jacek Biesiada
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Damaris Kuhnell
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hannah L. Greenland
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Leyla Esfandiari
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Emerlee Timmerman
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Forrest Foster
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chenran Wang
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kyle B. Walsh
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rhonna Shatz
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Woo
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Scott Langevin
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Russell P. Sawyer
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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14
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Garcia G, Fernandes A, Stein F, Brites D. Protective Signature of IFNγ-Stimulated Microglia Relies on miR-124-3p Regulation From the Secretome Released by Mutant APP Swedish Neuronal Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:833066. [PMID: 35620289 PMCID: PMC9127204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.833066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia-associated inflammation and miRNA dysregulation are key players in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology. Previously, we showed miR-124 upregulation in APP Swedish SH-SY5Y (SWE) and PSEN1 iPSC-derived neurons and its propagation by the secretome (soluble and exosomal fractions). After modulation with miR-124 mimic/inhibitor, we identified common responsive mechanisms between such models. We also reported miR-124 colocalization with microglia in AD patient hippocampi. Herein, we determined how miR-124 modulation in SWE cells influences microglia polarized subtypes in the context of inflammation. We used a coculture system without cell-to-cell contact formed by miR-124 modulated SWE cells and human CHME3 microglia stimulated with interferon-gamma (IFNγ-MG), in which we assessed their adopted gene/miRNA profile and proteomic signature. The increase of miR-124 in SWE cells/secretome (soluble and exosomal) was mimicked in IFNγ-MG. Treatment of SWE cells with the miR-124 inhibitor led to RAGE overexpression and loss of neuronal viability, while the mimic caused RAGE/HMGB1 downregulation and prevented mitochondria membrane potential loss. When accessing the paracrine effects on microglia, SWE miR-124 inhibitor favored their IFNγ-induced inflammatory signature (upregulated RAGE/HMGB1/iNOS/IL-1β; downregulated IL-10/ARG-1), while the mimic reduced microglia activation (downregulated TNF-α/iNOS) and deactivated extracellular MMP-2/MMP-9 levels. Microglia proteomics identified 113 responsive proteins to SWE miR-124 levels, including a subgroup of 17 proteins involved in immune function/inflammation and/or miR-124 targets. A total of 72 proteins were downregulated (e.g., MAP2K6) and 21 upregulated (e.g., PAWR) by the mimic, while the inhibitor also upregulated 21 proteins and downregulated 17 (e.g., TGFB1, PAWR, and EFEMP1). Other targets were associated with neurodevelopmental mechanisms, synaptic function, and vesicular trafficking. To examine the source of miR-124 variations in microglia, we silenced the RNase III endonuclease Dicer1 to block miRNA canonical biogenesis. Despite this suppression, the coculture with SWE cells/exosomes still raised microglial miR-124 levels, evidencing miR-124 transfer from neurons to microglia. This study is pioneer in elucidating that neuronal miR-124 reshapes microglia plasticity and in revealing the relevance of neuronal survival in mechanisms underlying inflammation in AD-associated neurodegeneration. These novel insights pave the way for the application of miRNA-based neuropharmacological strategies in AD whenever miRNA dysregulated levels are identified during patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Garcia
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frank Stein
- Proteomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dora Brites
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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15
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Lazar SV, Mor S, Wang D, Goldbloom-Helzner L, Clark K, Hao D, Farmer DL, Wang A. Engineering extracellular vesicles for Alzheimer's disease: An emerging cell-free approach for earlier diagnosis and treatment. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1541. [PMID: 35266650 PMCID: PMC9397584 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder affecting over five million people globally and has no established cure. Current AD-related treatments only alleviate cognitive and behavioral symptoms and do not address disease onset or progression, underlining the unmet need to create an effective, innovative AD therapeutic. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a new class of nanotherapeutics. These secreted, lipid-bound cellular signaling carriers show promise for potential clinical applications for neurodegenerative diseases like AD. Additionally, analyzing contents and characteristics of patient-derived EVs may address the unmet need for earlier AD diagnostic techniques, informing physicians of altered genetic expression or cellular communications specific to healthy and diseased physiological states. There are numerous recent advances in regenerative medicine using EVs and include bioengineering perspectives to modify EVs, target glial cells in neurodegenerative diseases like AD, and potentially use EVs to diagnose and treat AD earlier. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Biomedical Engineering Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sirjan Mor
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis
| | - David Wang
- Department of Surgery, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis
| | - Leora Goldbloom-Helzner
- Department of Surgery, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis
| | - Kaitlin Clark
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis
| | - Dake Hao
- Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California – Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, University of California, Davis
| | - Diana Lee Farmer
- Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California – Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, University of California, Davis
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California – Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, University of California, Davis
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16
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Mahmood A, Miron VE. Microglia as therapeutic targets for central nervous system remyelination. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 63:102188. [PMID: 35219055 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Failed remyelination underpins neurodegeneration and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction with aging and progression of neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Existing therapies have shown limited efficacy in halting disease progression in humans, highlighting the need to identify pro-remyelination treatments. Microglia are CNS-resident macrophages with critical roles in the regulation of remyelination, representing a promising therapeutic target. However, there are currently no therapeutics which specifically target microglia. Recent studies have revealed that microglia are a heterogenous population with distinct transcriptional states in health and disease conditions, including during remyelination, suggesting functional differences between states. Here, we discuss the potential contributions of different microglia states to degenerative and regenerative processes, examine the potential to target microglia in a state-specific manner to promote remyelination and consider the key issues to be addressed before such therapies can be clinically applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayisha Mahmood
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique E Miron
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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17
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Exosomal microRNAs have great potential in the neurorestorative therapy for traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2022; 352:114026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Li S, Bi G, Han S, Huang R. MicroRNAs Play a Role in Parkinson’s Disease by Regulating Microglia Function: From Pathogenetic Involvement to Therapeutic Potential. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:744942. [PMID: 35126050 PMCID: PMC8814625 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.744942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a clinically common neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Microglia (MG), as an innate immune cell in the CNS, are involved in a variety of immunity and inflammatory responses in the CNS. A number of studies have shown that the overactivation of MG is one of the critical pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considered to be an important class of gene expression regulators and are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological mechanisms, including immunity and inflammation. In addition, miRNAs can affect the progress of PD by regulating the expression of various MG genes and the polarization state of the MG. Here, we summarize recent articles and describe the important role of MG pathological polarization in the progression of PD, the diverse mechanisms responsible for how miRNAs regulate MG, and the potential therapeutic prospects of miRNAs for PD. We also propose that the regulation of miRNAs may be a novel protective approach against the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guorong Bi
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shunchang Han
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Huang,
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19
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Walgrave H, Zhou L, De Strooper B, Salta E. The promise of microRNA-based therapies in Alzheimer's disease: challenges and perspectives. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:76. [PMID: 34742333 PMCID: PMC8572071 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-pathway approaches for the treatment of complex polygenic disorders are emerging as alternatives to classical monotarget therapies and microRNAs are of particular interest in that regard. MicroRNA research has come a long way from their initial discovery to the cumulative appreciation of their regulatory potential in healthy and diseased brain. However, systematic interrogation of putative therapeutic or toxic effects of microRNAs in (models of) Alzheimer's disease is currently missing and fundamental research findings are yet to be translated into clinical applications. Here, we review the literature to summarize the knowledge on microRNA regulation in Alzheimer's pathophysiology and to critically discuss whether and to what extent these increasing insights can be exploited for the development of microRNA-based therapeutics in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Walgrave
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, KU, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lujia Zhou
- Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Discovery Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, KU, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK
| | - Evgenia Salta
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Samoilova EM, Belopasov VV, Baklaushev VP. Transcription Factors of Direct Neuronal Reprogramming in Ontogenesis and Ex Vivo. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Jin GL, Hong LM, Liu HP, Yue RC, Shen ZC, Yang J, Xu Y, Huang HH, Li Y, Xiong BJ, Su YP, Yu CX. Koumine modulates spinal microglial M1 polarization and the inflammatory response through the Notch-RBP-Jκ signaling pathway, ameliorating diabetic neuropathic pain in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153640. [PMID: 34330066 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP), a complication of diabetes, has serious impacts on human health. As the pathogenesis of DNP is very complex, clinical treatments for DNP is limited. Koumine (KM) is an active ingredient extracted from Gelsemium elegans Benth. that exerts an inhibitory effect on neuropathic pain (NP) in several animal models. PURPOSE To clarify the anti-NP effect of KM on rats with DNP and the molecular mechanisms involving the Notch- Jκ recombination signal binding protein (RBP-Jκ) signaling pathway. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered streptozocin (STZ) by intraperitoneal injection to induce DNP. The effect of KM on mechanical hyperalgesia in rats with DNP was evaluated using the Von Frey test. Microglial polarization in the spinal cord was examined using western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. The Notch-RBP-Jκ signaling pathway was analysed using western blotting. RESULTS KM attenuated DNP during the observation period. In addition, KM alleviated M1 microglial polarization in STZ-induced rats. Subsequent experiments revealed that Notch-RBP-Jκ signaling pathway was activated in the spinal cord of rats with DNP, and the activation of this pathways was decreased by KM. Additionally, KM-mediated analgesia and deactivation of the Notch-RBP-Jκ signaling pathway were inhibited by the Notch signaling agonist jagged 1, indicating that the anti-DNP effect of KM may be regulated by the Notch-RBP-Jκ signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS KM is a potentially desirable candidate treatment for DNP that may inhibit microglial M1 polarization through the Notch-RBP-Jκ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Lin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.
| | - Li-Mian Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacy, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Cai Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Zu-Cheng Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Hui Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Jun Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Xi Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.
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Overexpression of miR-124 in Motor Neurons Plays a Key Role in ALS Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116128. [PMID: 34200161 PMCID: PMC8201298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNA(miR)-124 is an important regulator of neurogenesis, but its upregulation in SOD1G93A motor neurons (mSOD1 MNs) was shown to associate with neurodegeneration and microglia activation. We used pre-miR-124 in wild-type (WT) MNs and anti-miR-124 in mSOD1 MNs to characterize the miR-124 pathological role. miR-124 overexpression in WT MNs produced a miRNA profile like that of mSOD1 MNs (high miR-125b; low miR-146a and miR-21), and similarly led to early apoptosis. Alterations in mSOD1 MNs were abrogated with anti-miR-124 and changes in their miRNAs mostly recapitulated by their secretome. Normalization of miR-124 levels in mSOD1 MNs prevented the dysregulation of neurite network, mitochondria dynamics, axonal transport, and synaptic signaling. Same alterations were observed in WT MNs after pre-miR-124 transfection. Secretome from mSOD1 MNs triggered spinal microglia activation, which was unno-ticed with that from anti-miR-124-modulated cells. Secretome from such modulated MNs, when added to SC organotypic cultures from mSOD1 mice in the early symptomatic stage, also coun-teracted the pathology associated to GFAP decrease, PSD-95 and CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling im-pairment, neuro-immune homeostatic imbalance, and enhanced miR-124 expression levels. Data suggest that miR-124 is implicated in MN degeneration and paracrine-mediated pathogenicity. We propose miR-124 as a new therapeutic target and a promising ALS biomarker in patient sub-populations.
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Vickers KC, Michell DL. HDL-small RNA Export, Transport, and Functional Delivery in Atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:38. [PMID: 33983531 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights recent advances on the mechanisms and impact of HDL-small non-coding RNAs (sRNA) on intercellular communication in atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Studies demonstrate that HDL-microRNAs (miRNA) are significantly altered in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and are responsive to diet, obesity, and diabetes. Immune cells, pancreatic beta cells, and neurons are shown to export miRNAs to HDL. In turn, HDL can deliver functional miRNAs to recipient hepatocytes and endothelial cells regulating adhesion molecule expression, cytokines, and angiogenesis. With high-throughput sRNA sequencing, we now appreciate the full sRNA signature on circulating HDL, including the transport of rRNA and tRNA-derived fragments. Strikingly, HDL were highly enriched with exogenous microbial sRNAs. HDL transport a diverse set of host and non-host sRNAs that are altered in cardiometabolic diseases. Given the bioactivity of these sRNAs, they likely contribute to cellular communication within atherosclerotic lesions, and are potential disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave. 312 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Danielle L Michell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave. 312 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Zloto K, Mor L, Bar-Yosef O, Tirosh-Wagner T, Vardi A, Mishali D, Paret G, Nevo-Caspi Y. MiRNA-124a: a Potential Biomarker for Neurological Deficits Following Cardiac Surgery in Pediatric Patients. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 14:1165-1172. [PMID: 33900534 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Brain injury is a major source of patient morbidity after cardiac surgery in children. New early accurate biomarkers are needed for the diagnosis of patients at risk for cerebral postoperative damage. Specific circulating miRNAs have been found as suitable biomarkers for many diseases. We tested whether miRNA-124a reflects neurological injury in pediatric patients following heart surgery. Serum samples were obtained from 34 patients before and six hours after heart surgery. MiRNAs-124a was quantified by RQ-PCR. MiRNA-124a levels six hours after heart surgery correlated with the neurological outcome of the patients. In children with neurological deficits, miRNA-124a levels increased while in those with no neurological deficits the levels decreased. MiRNA-124a was able, at six hours after the operation, to identify patients who are at risk for the appearance of neurological deficits. Circulating miRNA-124a is a potential biomarker for the appearance of neurological deficits in pediatric patients following heart surgery. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Zloto
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Israel, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Mor
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Israel, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Omer Bar-Yosef
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Unit, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Israel, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Tirosh-Wagner
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Israel, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Vardi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Israel, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - David Mishali
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Israel, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gideon Paret
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Israel, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Nevo-Caspi
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Israel, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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25
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Brennan GP, Garcia-Curran MM, Patterson KP, Luo R, Baram TZ. Multiple Disruptions of Glial-Neuronal Networks in Epileptogenesis That Follows Prolonged Febrile Seizures. Front Neurol 2021; 12:615802. [PMID: 33679583 PMCID: PMC7930821 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.615802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Rationale: Bi-directional neuronal-glial communication is a critical mediator of normal brain function and is disrupted in the epileptic brain. The potential role of aberrant microglia and astrocyte function during epileptogenesis is important because the mediators involved provide tangible targets for intervention and prevention of epilepsy. Glial activation is intrinsically involved in the generation of childhood febrile seizures (FS), and prolonged FS (febrile status epilepticus, FSE) antecede a proportion of adult temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Because TLE is often refractory to treatment and accompanied by significant memory and emotional difficulties, we probed the role of disruptions of glial-neuronal networks in the epileptogenesis that follows experimental FSE (eFSE). Methods: We performed a multi-pronged examination of neuronal-glia communication and the resulting activation of molecular signaling cascades in these cell types following eFSE in immature mice and rats. Specifically, we examined pathways involving cytokines, microRNAs, high mobility group B-1 (HMGB1) and the prostaglandin E2 signaling. We aimed to block epileptogenesis using network-specific interventions as well as via a global anti-inflammatory approach using dexamethasone. Results: (A) eFSE elicited a strong inflammatory response with rapid and sustained upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. (B) Within minutes of the end of the eFSE, HMGB1 translocated from neuronal nuclei to dendrites, en route to the extracellular space and glial Toll-like receptors. Administration of an HMGB1 blocker to eFSE rat pups did not decrease expression of downstream inflammatory cascades and led to unacceptable side effects. (C) Prolonged seizure-like activity caused overall microRNA-124 (miR-124) levels to plunge in hippocampus and release of this microRNA from neurons via extra-cellular vesicles. (D) Within hours of eFSE, structural astrocyte and microglia activation was associated not only with cytokine production, but also with activation of the PGE2 cascade. However, administration of TG6-10-1, a blocker of the PGE2 receptor EP2 had little effect on spike-series provoked by eFSE. (E) In contrast to the failure of selective interventions, a 3-day treatment of eFSE–experiencing rat pups with the broad anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone attenuated eFSE-provoked pro-epileptogenic EEG changes. Conclusions: eFSE, a provoker of TLE-like epilepsy in rodents leads to multiple and rapid disruptions of interconnected glial-neuronal networks, with a likely important role in epileptogenesis. The intricate, cell-specific and homeostatic interplays among these networks constitute a serious challenge to effective selective interventions that aim to prevent epilepsy. In contrast, a broad suppression of glial-neuronal dysfunction holds promise for mitigating FSE-induced hyperexcitability and epileptogenesis in experimental models and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P Brennan
- Departments of Anatomy/Neurobiology, Pediatrics, and Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Megan M Garcia-Curran
- Departments of Anatomy/Neurobiology, Pediatrics, and Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Katelin P Patterson
- Departments of Anatomy/Neurobiology, Pediatrics, and Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Renhao Luo
- Departments of Anatomy/Neurobiology, Pediatrics, and Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Tallie Z Baram
- Departments of Anatomy/Neurobiology, Pediatrics, and Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Li Z, Song Y, He T, Wen R, Li Y, Chen T, Huang S, Wang Y, Tang Y, Shen F, Tian HL, Yang GY, Zhang Z. M2 microglial small extracellular vesicles reduce glial scar formation via the miR-124/STAT3 pathway after ischemic stroke in mice. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1232-1248. [PMID: 33391532 PMCID: PMC7738903 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Glial scars present a major obstacle for neuronal regeneration after stroke. Thus, approaches to promote their degradation and inhibit their formation are beneficial for stroke recovery. The interaction of microglia and astrocytes is known to be involved in glial scar formation after stroke; however, how microglia affect glial scar formation remains unclear. Methods: Mice were treated daily with M2 microglial small extracellular vesicles through tail intravenous injections from day 1 to day 7 after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Glial scar, infarct volume, neurological score were detected after ischemia. microRNA and related protein were examined in peri-infarct areas of the brain following ischemia. Results: M2 microglial small extracellular vesicles reduced glial scar formation and promoted recovery after stroke and were enriched in miR-124. Furthermore, M2 microglial small extracellular vesicle treatment decreased the expression of the astrocyte proliferation gene signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, one of the targets of miR-124, and glial fibrillary acidic protein and inhibited astrocyte proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. It also decreased Notch 1 expression and increased Sox2 expression in astrocytes, which suggested that astrocytes had transformed into neuronal progenitor cells. Finally, miR-124 knockdown in M2 microglial small extracellular vesicles blocked their effects on glial scars and stroke recovery. Conclusions: Our results showed, for the first time, that microglia regulate glial scar formation via small extracellular vesicles, indicating that M2 microglial small extracellular vesicles could represent a new therapeutic approach for stroke.
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27
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Losurdo M, Grilli M. Extracellular Vesicles, Influential Players of Intercellular Communication within Adult Neurogenic Niches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8819. [PMID: 33233420 PMCID: PMC7700666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, involving the generation of functional neurons from adult neural stem cells (NSCs), occurs constitutively in discrete brain regions such as hippocampus, sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) and hypothalamus. The intrinsic structural plasticity of the neurogenic process allows the adult brain to face the continuously changing external and internal environment and requires coordinated interplay between all cell types within the specialized microenvironment of the neurogenic niche. NSC-, neuronal- and glia-derived factors, originating locally, regulate the balance between quiescence and self-renewal of NSC, their differentiation programs and the survival and integration of newborn cells. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are emerging as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication, representing an efficient way to transfer the biologically active cargos (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids) by which they modulate the function of the recipient cells. Current knowledge of the physiological role of EVs within adult neurogenic niches is rather limited. In this review, we will summarize and discuss EV-based cross-talk within adult neurogenic niches and postulate how EVs might play a critical role in the regulation of the neurogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
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28
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Tang S, Jing H, Song F, Huang H, Li W, Xie G, Zhou J. MicroRNAs in the Spinal Microglia Serve Critical Roles in Neuropathic Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:132-142. [PMID: 32902792 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) can occur after peripheral nerve injury (PNI), and it can be converted into a maladaptive, detrimental phenotype that causes a long-term state of pain hypersensitivity. In the last decade, the discovery that dysfunctional microglia evoke pain, called "microgliopathic pain," has challenged traditional neuronal views of "pain" and has been extensively explored. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) can act as activators or inhibitors of spinal microglia in NP conditions. We first briefly review spinal microglial activation in NP. We then comprehensively describe miRNA expression changes and their potential mechanisms in the response of microglia to nerve injury. We summarize the roles of the following two representative miRNAs: miR-124, which reverses NP by keeping microglia quiescent, and miR-155, which promotes NP following microglial activation. Finally, we focused on the therapeutic potential of microglial miRNAs in NP. The findings we summarized may be essential tools for basic research and clinical treatment of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, 563100, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhu Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haicheng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiling Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Microglia are the major immune cells in the central nervous system and play a key role in the normal function of the brain. Microglia exhibit functional diversity, and they control the inflammation in central nervous system through releasing inflammatory cytokine, clearing apoptotic cells via phagocytosis, regulating synaptic plasticity and the formation of neural network by synapse pruning. Recent studies have strongly indicated that the microglial dysfunction is associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, which have been termed as "microgliopathy". The emergency of advanced technologies and tools has enabled us to comprehensively understand the role of microglia in physiology and pathology, and growing studies have targetted microglia to explore the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we describe the key progress of microglia research, and review the recent developments in the understanding of the role of microglia in physiology and etiology of depression.
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30
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MicroRNAs as regulators of brain function and targets for treatment of epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol 2020; 16:506-519. [DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-0369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Brites D. Regulatory function of microRNAs in microglia. Glia 2020; 68:1631-1642. [PMID: 32463968 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are CNS-resident cells involved in immune surveillance and maintenance of intercellular homeostasis, while also contributing to neurologic pathologies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (~22 nucleotides) single-stranded noncoding RNAs that participate in gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs typically bind to the untranslated region (3' UTR) of RNAs. It has been shown that miRNAs are important players in controlling inflammation and that their abnormal expression is linked to cancer and ageing, and to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disease. Furthermore, miRNAs participate in intercellular trafficking. Thus, miRNAs are released from cells in a free form, bound to proteins or packaged within extracellular vesicles (EVs), exerting paracrine and long distance signaling. In this review, recent findings on the role of miRNAs as drivers of microglia phenotypic changes and their cotribution in neurological disease are addressed. MAIN POINTS: miRNAs have a key role in microglia function/dysfunction, polarization, and restoration. Microglia are both a source and recipient of extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing miRNAs. Extracellular miRNAs may be found as soluble (free and EV cargo) and protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Brites
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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32
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Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the second leading cause of death after stroke in China. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) significantly improves the prognosis of CAD patients. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with severe CAD requiring PCI. The plasma miRNA profiles were determined using miRNA microarray. The relative expression levels of differentially expressed miRNA were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Nine miRNAs (ebv-miR-BART12, ebv-miR-BART16, let-7i-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-3149, miR-3152-3p, miR-32-3p, and miR-149-3p) were differentially expressed between severe CAD and control groups. Four miRNAs (let-7i-5p, miR-32-3p, miR-3149, and miR-26a-5p) validated by qRT-PCR showed good diagnostic accuracy, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.634 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.528-0.739), 0.745 (95%CI 0.649-0.84), 0.795 (95%CI 0.709-0.88), and 0.818 (95%CI 0.739-0.897), respectively. Furthermore, the combination of these 4 miRNAs exhibited better diagnostic performance compared with any individual miRNA, with an AUC of 0.837 (95%CI 0.763-0.911). These data indicate that plasma let-7i-5p, miR-32-3p, miR-3149, and miR-26a-5p have promising diagnostic value for severe CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou
| | | | | | | | - Shanan Lin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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33
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Vuokila N, Aronica E, Korotkov A, van Vliet EA, Nuzhat S, Puhakka N, Pitkänen A. Chronic Regulation of miR-124-3p in the Perilesional Cortex after Experimental and Human TBI. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072418. [PMID: 32244461 PMCID: PMC7177327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) dysregulates microRNAs, which are the master regulators of gene expression. Here we investigated the changes in a brain-enriched miR-124-3p, which is known to associate with major post-injury pathologies, such as neuroinflammation. RT-qPCR of the rat tissue sampled at 7 d and 3 months in the perilesional cortex adjacent to the necrotic lesion core (aPeCx) revealed downregulation of miR-124-3p at 7 d (fold-change (FC) 0.13, p < 0.05 compared with control) and 3 months (FC 0.40, p < 0.05) post-TBI. In situ hybridization confirmed the downregulation of miR-124-3p at 7 d and 3 months post-TBI in the aPeCx (both p < 0.01). RT-qPCR confirmed the upregulation of the miR-124-3p target Stat3 in the aPeCx at 7 d post-TBI (7-fold, p < 0.05). mRNA-Seq revealed 312 downregulated and 311 upregulated miR-124 targets (p < 0.05). To investigate whether experimental findings translated to humans, we performed in situ hybridization of miR-124-3p in temporal lobe autopsy samples of TBI patients. Our data revealed downregulation of miR-124-3p in individual neurons of cortical layer III. These findings indicate a persistent downregulation of miR-124-3p in the perilesional cortex that might contribute to post-injury neurodegeneration and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Vuokila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (N.V.); (S.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.); (A.K.); (E.A.v.V.)
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), 0397 Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Anatoly Korotkov
- Department of (Neuro)pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.); (A.K.); (E.A.v.V.)
| | - Erwin Alexander van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.); (A.K.); (E.A.v.V.)
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, P.O. Box 94246, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Salma Nuzhat
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (N.V.); (S.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (N.V.); (S.N.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-40-861-4939
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (N.V.); (S.N.); (A.P.)
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Gu WJ, Zhang C, Zhong Y, Luo J, Zhang CY, Zhang C, Wang C. Altered serum microRNA expression profile in subjects with heroin and methamphetamine use disorder. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109918. [PMID: 32036213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Drug abuse is one of the most severe global social and public health problems, especially in China. However, objective blood biomarkers that are easy to detect are still in great need. This study was aim to explore the expression pattern of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in subjects with drug addiction and test the potential of altered serum miRNAs as noninvasive diagnostic tools for drug abuse. METHODS Serum samples were obtained from 42 heroin abusers, 42 methamphetamine (MA) abusers and 42 controls. Microarray-based miRNA analysis was first applied to screen unique serum miRNA profiles in drug abusers on a training set of serum samples from 12 heroin abusers, 12 MA abusers and 12 control subjects. The expression levels of selected candidate miRNAs were subsequently verified in individual samples of the training set and further confirmed independently in a validation set of samples from 30 heroin abusers, 30 MA abusers and 30 controls using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Microarray analysis identified 116 and 109 significantly altered miRNAs in heroin abusers and MA abusers, respectively. Three miRNAs, including let-7b-5p, miR-206 and miR-486-5p, were verified to be significantly and steadily increased in heroin abusers, and miR-9-3p was significantly increased in MA abusers compared with normal controls. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the ROC curve of these miRNAs ranged from 0.718 to 0.867. CONCLUSIONS Our study raises the possibility that the altered serum miRNAs could potentially be used as an auxiliary tool to identify individuals in drug abuse and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jian Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yujie Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Central Laboratory of Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Chunni Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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Veremeyko T, Yung AWY, Dukhinova M, Strekalova T, Ponomarev ED. The Role of Neuronal Factors in the Epigenetic Reprogramming of Microglia in the Normal and Diseased Central Nervous System. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:453. [PMID: 31680868 PMCID: PMC6798237 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty years ago, the scientific community exhibited relatively little interest in the study of microglial cells. However, recent technical and conceptual advances in this field have greatly increased interest in the basic biology of these cells within various neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and traumatic brain/spinal cord injuries. The main functions of these cells in the normal central nervous system (CNS) remain poorly understood, despite considerable elucidation of their roles in pathological conditions. Microglia populate the brain before birth and remain in close lifelong contact with CNS-resident cells under the influence of the local microenvironment. Within the CNS parenchyma, microglia actively interact with two main cell types, astrocytes and neurons, which produce many factors that affect microglia phenotypes in the normal CNS and during neuroinflammation. These factors include interleukin (IL)-34, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, transforming growth factor-β, and IL-4, which promote microglial expansion, survival, and differentiation to an anti-inflammatory phenotype in the normal CNS. Under inflammatory conditions, however, astrocytes produce several pro-inflammatory factors that contribute to microglial activation. The interactions of microglia with neurons in the normal and diseased CNS are especially intriguing. Microglia are known to interact actively with neurons by facilitating axonal pruning during development, while neurons provide specific factors that alter microglial phenotypes and functions. This review focuses mainly on the roles of soluble neuronal factors that affect microglial phenotypes and functions and the possible involvement of these factors in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Veremeyko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Amanda W Y Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Marina Dukhinova
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Synthetic and Systems Biology for Biomedicine, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology and Department of Normal Physiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene D Ponomarev
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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36
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Song Y, Li Z, He T, Qu M, Jiang L, Li W, Shi X, Pan J, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Tang Y, Yang GY. M2 microglia-derived exosomes protect the mouse brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury via exosomal miR-124. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2910-2923. [PMID: 31244932 PMCID: PMC6568171 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Microglia play a critical role in modulating cell death and neurobehavioral recovery in response to brain injury either by direct cell-cell interaction or indirect secretion of trophic factors. Exosomes secreted from cells are well documented to deliver bioactive molecules to recipient cells to modulate cell function. Here, we aimed to identify whether M2 microglia exert neuroprotection after ischemic attack through an exosome-mediated cell-cell interaction. Methods: M2 microglia-derived exosomes were intravenously injected into the mouse brain immediately after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Infarct volume, neurological score, and neuronal apoptosis were examined 3 days after ischemic attack. Exosome RNA and target protein expression levels in neurons and brain tissue were determined for the mechanistic study. Results: Our results showed that the M2 microglia-derived exosomes were taken up by neurons in vitro and in vivo. M2 microglia-derived exosome treatment attenuated neuronal apoptosis after oxygen-glucose deprivation (p<0.05). In vivo results showed that M2 microglia-derived exosome treatment significantly reduced infarct volume and attenuated behavioral deficits 3 days after transient brain ischemia (p<0.05), whereas injection of miR-124 knockdown (miR-124k/d) M2 microglia-derived exosomes partly reversed the neuroprotective effect. Our mechanistic study further demonstrated that ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) was the direct downstream target of miR-124. Injection of miR-124k/d M2 exosomes plus the USP14 inhibitor, IU1, achieved comparable neuroprotective effect as injection of M2 exosomes alone. Conclusions: We demonstrated that M2 microglia-derived exosomes attenuated ischemic brain injury and promoted neuronal survival via exosomal miR-124 and its downstream target USP14. M2 microglia-derived exosomes represent a promising avenue for treating ischemic stroke.
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Dukhinova M, Veremeyko T, Yung AWY, Kuznetsova IS, Lau TYB, Kopeikina E, Chan AML, Ponomarev ED. Fresh evidence for major brain gangliosides as a target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 77:128-143. [PMID: 30797170 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although it was suggested that gangliosides play an important role in the binding of amyloid fragments to neuronal cells, the exact role of gangliosides in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology remains unclear. To understand the role of gangliosides in AD pathology in vivo, we crossed st3gal5-deficient (ST3-/-) mice that lack major brain gangliosides GM1, GD1a, GD3, GT1b, and GQ1b with 5XFAD transgenic mice that overexpress 3 mutant human amyloid proteins AP695 and 2 presenilin PS1 genes. We found that ST3-/- 5XFAD mice have a significantly reduced burden of amyloid depositions, low level of neuroinflammation, and did not exhibit neuronal loss or synaptic dysfunction. ST3-/- 5XFAD mice performed significantly better in a cognitive test than wild-type (WT) 5XFAD mice, which was comparable with WT nontransgenic mice. Treatment of WT 5XFAD mice with the sialic acid-specific Limax flavus agglutinin resulted in substantial improvement of AD pathology to a level of ST3-/- 5XFAD mice. Thus, our findings highlight an important role for gangliosides as a target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dukhinova
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Tatyana Veremeyko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Amanda W Y Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Inna S Kuznetsova
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas Y B Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ekaterina Kopeikina
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Andrew M L Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Eugene D Ponomarev
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunmin-Hong Kong, China.
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38
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Veremeyko T, Kuznetsova IS, Dukhinova M, W Y Yung A, Kopeikina E, Barteneva NS, Ponomarev ED. Neuronal extracellular microRNAs miR-124 and miR-9 mediate cell-cell communication between neurons and microglia. J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:162-184. [PMID: 30367726 PMCID: PMC6587827 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to peripheral macrophages, microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) exhibit a specific deactivated phenotype; however, it is not clear how this phenotype is maintained. Two alternative hypotheses were postulated recently: (a) microglia differ from peripheral macrophages being derived from the yolk sac (YS), whereas peripheral macrophages originate from bone marrow (BM); (b) microglia acquire a specific phenotype under the influence of the CNS microenvironment. We have previously shown that microglia express miR-124, which was also induced in BM-derived macrophages co-cultured with a neurons. We here investigated the possibility of horizontal transfer of the neuron-specific microRNAs miR-124 and miR-9 from primary neurons to microglia/macrophages. We found that after incubation with neuronal conditioned media (NCM), macrophages downregulated activation markers MHC class II and CD45. Neither cultured adult microglia nor YS- and BM-derived macrophages demonstrated intrinsic levels of miR-124 expression. However, after incubation with NCM, miR-124 was induced in both YS- and BM-derived macrophages. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that the NCM contained miR-124 and miR-9 in complex with small proteins, large high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), and exosomes. MiR-124 and miR-9 were promptly released from neurons, and this process was inhibited by tetrodotoxin, indicating an important role of neuronal electric activity in secretion of these microRNAs. Incubation of macrophages with exogenous miR-124 resulted in efficient translocation of miR-124 into the cytoplasm. This study demonstrates an important role of neuronal miRNAs in communication of neurons with microglia, which favors the hypothesis that microglia acquire a specific phenotype under the influence of the CNS microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Veremeyko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Inna S Kuznetsova
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Marina Dukhinova
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Amanda W Y Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ekaterina Kopeikina
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Natasha S Barteneva
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Eugene D Ponomarev
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunmin, China
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