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Valentin-Escalera J, Leclerc M, Calon F. High-Fat Diets in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: How Can Eating Too Much Fat Increase Alzheimer's Disease Risk? J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:977-1005. [PMID: 38217592 PMCID: PMC10836579 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
High dietary intake of saturated fatty acids is a suspected risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). To decipher the causal link behind these associations, high-fat diets (HFD) have been repeatedly investigated in animal models. Preclinical studies allow full control over dietary composition, avoiding ethical concerns in clinical trials. The goal of the present article is to provide a narrative review of reports on HFD in animal models of AD. Eligibility criteria included mouse models of AD fed a HFD defined as > 35% of fat/weight and western diets containing > 1% cholesterol or > 15% sugar. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from 1946 to August 2022, and 32 preclinical studies were included in the review. HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance have been replicated in most studies, but with methodological variability. Most studies have found an aggravating effect of HFD on brain Aβ pathology, whereas tau pathology has been much less studied, and results are more equivocal. While most reports show HFD-induced impairment on cognitive behavior, confounding factors may blur their interpretation. In summary, despite conflicting results, exposing rodents to diets highly enriched in saturated fat induces not only metabolic defects, but also cognitive impairment often accompanied by aggravated neuropathological markers, most notably Aβ burden. Although there are important variations between methods, particularly the lack of diet characterization, these studies collectively suggest that excessive intake of saturated fat should be avoided in order to lower the incidence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Valentin-Escalera
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
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Alves SS, Servilha-Menezes G, Rossi L, da Silva Junior RMP, Garcia-Cairasco N. Evidence of disturbed insulin signaling in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105326. [PMID: 37479008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Since glucose reuptake by neurons is mostly independent of insulin, it has been an intriguing question whether insulin has or not any roles in the brain. Consequently, the identification of insulin receptors in the central nervous system has fueled investigations of insulin functions in the brain. It is also already known that insulin can influence glucose reuptake by neurons, mostly during activities that have the highest energy demand. The identification of high density of insulin receptors in the hippocampus also suggests that insulin may present important roles related to memory. In this context, studies have reported worse performance in cognitive tests among diabetic patients. In addition, alterations in the regulation of central insulin pathways have been observed in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. In fact, some authors have proposed AD as a third type of diabetes and recently, our group proposed insulin resistance as a common link between different AD hypotheses. Therefore, in the present narrative review, we intend to revise and gather the evidence of disturbed insulin signaling in experimental animal models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suélen Santos Alves
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Gabriel Servilha-Menezes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Leticia Rossi
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Rui Milton Patrício da Silva Junior
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil; Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil; Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil.
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3
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Rhea EM, Leclerc M, Yassine HN, Capuano AW, Tong H, Petyuk VA, Macauley SL, Fioramonti X, Carmichael O, Calon F, Arvanitakis Z. State of the Science on Brain Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Decline Due to Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.0814. [PMID: 37611907 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common and increasing in prevalence worldwide, with devastating public health consequences. While peripheral insulin resistance is a key feature of most forms of T2DM and has been investigated for over a century, research on brain insulin resistance (BIR) has more recently been developed, including in the context of T2DM and non-diabetes states. Recent data support the presence of BIR in the aging brain, even in non-diabetes states, and found that BIR may be a feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contributes to cognitive impairment. Further, therapies used to treat T2DM are now being investigated in the context of AD treatment and prevention, including insulin. In this review, we offer a definition of BIR, and present evidence for BIR in AD; we discuss the expression, function, and activation of the insulin receptor (INSR) in the brain; how BIR could develop; tools to study BIR; how BIR correlates with current AD hallmarks; and regional/cellular involvement of BIR. We close with a discussion on resilience to both BIR and AD, how current tools can be improved to better understand BIR, and future avenues for research. Overall, this review and position paper highlights BIR as a plausible therapeutic target for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia due to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Rhea
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center - Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Departments of Neurology and Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Han Tong
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Shannon L Macauley
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Bordeaux, France and Quebec, Canada
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Frederic Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center - Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Bordeaux, France and Quebec, Canada
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Mantik KEK, Kim S, Gu B, Moon S, Kwak HB, Park DH, Kang JH. Repositioning of Anti-Diabetic Drugs against Dementia: Insight from Molecular Perspectives to Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11450. [PMID: 37511207 PMCID: PMC10380685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance as a hallmark of type 2 DM (T2DM) plays a role in dementia by promoting pathological lesions or enhancing the vulnerability of the brain. Numerous studies related to insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling are linked with various types of dementia. Brain insulin resistance in dementia is linked to disturbances in Aβ production and clearance, Tau hyperphosphorylation, microglial activation causing increased neuroinflammation, and the breakdown of tight junctions in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These mechanisms have been studied primarily in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but research on other forms of dementia like vascular dementia (VaD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has also explored overlapping mechanisms. Researchers are currently trying to repurpose anti-diabetic drugs to treat dementia, which are dominated by insulin sensitizers and insulin substrates. Although it seems promising and feasible, none of the trials have succeeded in ameliorating cognitive decline in late-onset dementia. We highlight the possibility of repositioning anti-diabetic drugs as a strategy for dementia therapy by reflecting on current and previous clinical trials. We also describe the molecular perspectives of various types of dementia through the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Esther Kristina Mantik
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonsang Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Arts and Sports, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Park
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Arts and Sports, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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Woodfield A, Gonzales T, Helmerhorst E, Laws S, Newsholme P, Porter T, Verdile G. Current Insights on the Use of Insulin and the Potential Use of Insulin Mimetics in Targeting Insulin Signalling in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415811. [PMID: 36555450 PMCID: PMC9779379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are chronic diseases that share several pathological mechanisms, including insulin resistance and impaired insulin signalling. Their shared features have prompted the evaluation of the drugs used to manage diabetes for the treatment of AD. Insulin delivery itself has been utilized, with promising effects, in improving cognition and reducing AD related neuropathology. The most recent clinical trial involving intranasal insulin reported no slowing of cognitive decline; however, several factors may have impacted the trial outcomes. Long-acting and rapid-acting insulin analogues have also been evaluated within the context of AD with a lack of consistent outcomes. This narrative review provided insight into how targeting insulin signalling in the brain has potential as a therapeutic target for AD and provided a detailed update on the efficacy of insulin, its analogues and the outcomes of human clinical trials. We also discussed the current evidence that warrants the further investigation of the use of the mimetics of insulin for AD. These small molecules may provide a modifiable alternative to insulin, aiding in developing drugs that selectively target insulin signalling in the brain with the aim to attenuate cognitive dysfunction and AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Woodfield
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Tatiana Gonzales
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Erik Helmerhorst
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Simon Laws
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Tenielle Porter
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9266 5618
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A review of glucoregulatory hormones potentially applicable to the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: mechanism and brain delivery. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-022-00566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Woodfield A, Porter T, Gilani I, Noordin S, Li QX, Collins S, Martins RN, Maruff P, Masters CL, Rowe CC, Villemagne VL, Dore V, Newsholme P, Laws SM, Verdile G. Insulin resistance, cognition and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: Evidence that CSF Aβ42 moderates the association between insulin resistance and increased CSF tau levels. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 114:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Du H, Meng X, Yao Y, Xu J. The mechanism and efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1033479. [PMID: 36465634 PMCID: PMC9714676 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1033479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and both have the same pathogenesis (e.g., insulin resistance), drugs used to treat T2DM have been gradually found to reduce the progression of AD in AD models. Of these drugs, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are more effective and have fewer side effects. GLP-1R agonists have reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, neurotrophic effects, decreasing Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation in AD models, which may be a potential drug for the treatment of AD. However, this needs to be verified by further clinical trials. This study aims to summarize the current information on the mechanisms and effects of GLP-1R agonists in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Du
- Division of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Meng
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Division of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Division of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Xu,
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Begic E, Causevic M. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Brain Vascular Function. Heart Lung Circ 2021; 30:1675-1680. [PMID: 34479819 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of cardiovascular events and regression of atherosclerotic changes are the primary aims of preventive cardiovascular medicine. Arterial thrombosis is caused by endothelial dysfunction, which disrupts vascular haemostasis. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have been initially used as glucose lowering agents, but over time have been used for other indications due to their cardiorenal benefit, as well as their benefit in the regression of atherosclerosis process. The aim of this paper is to present the benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the prevention of atherosclerotic changes, in the preservation of brain vascular function, and to show the possible role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edin Begic
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital "Prim.Dr. Abdulah Nakas", Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Department of Pharmacology, Sarajevo Medical School, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Mirsada Causevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Sarajevo Medical School, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Ghosh A, Chakrabarti R, Shukla PC. Inadvertent nucleotide sequence alterations during mutagenesis: highlighting the vulnerabilities in mouse transgenic technology. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:30. [PMID: 33570721 PMCID: PMC7877310 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the last three decades, researchers have utilized genome engineering to alter the DNA sequence in the living cells of a plethora of organisms, ranging from plants, fishes, mice, to even humans. This has been conventionally achieved by using methodologies such as single nucleotide insertion/deletion in coding sequences, exon(s) deletion, mutations in the promoter region, introducing stop codon for protein truncation, and addition of foreign DNA for functional elucidation of genes. However, recent years have witnessed the advent of novel techniques that use programmable site-specific nucleases like CRISPR/Cas9, TALENs, ZFNs, Cre/loxP system, and gene trapping. These have revolutionized the field of experimental transgenesis as well as contributed to the existing knowledge base of classical genetics and gene mapping. Yet there are certain experimental/technological barriers that we have been unable to cross while creating genetically modified organisms. Firstly, while interfering with coding strands, we inadvertently change introns, antisense strands, and other non-coding elements of the gene and genome that play integral roles in the determination of cellular phenotype. These unintended modifications become critical because introns and other non-coding elements, although traditionally regarded as “junk DNA,” have been found to play a major regulatory role in genetic pathways of several crucial cellular processes, development, homeostasis, and diseases. Secondly, post-insertion of transgene, non-coding RNAs are generated by host organism against the inserted foreign DNA or from the inserted transgene/construct against the host genes. The potential contribution of these non-coding RNAs to the resulting phenotype has not been considered. We aim to draw attention to these inherent flaws in the transgenic technology being employed to generate mutant mice and other model organisms. By overlooking these aspects of the whole gene and genetic makeup, perhaps our current understanding of gene function remains incomplete. Thus, it becomes important that, while using genetic engineering techniques to generate a mutant organism for a particular gene, we should carefully consider all the possible elements that may play a potential role in the resulting phenotype. This perspective highlights the commonly used mouse strains and the most probable associated complexities that have not been considered previously, resulting in possible limitations in the currently utilized transgenic technology. This work also warrants the use of already established mouse lines in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuran Ghosh
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Rituparna Chakrabarti
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Praphulla Chandra Shukla
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
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Marquez A, Guernsey LS, Frizzi KE, Cundiff M, Constantino I, Muttalib N, Arenas F, Zhou X, Lim SH, Ferdousi M, Ponirakis G, Silverdale M, Kobylecki C, Jones M, Marshall A, Malik RA, Jolivalt CG. Tau associated peripheral and central neurodegeneration: Identification of an early imaging marker for tauopathy. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 151:105273. [PMID: 33482356 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological hyperphosphorylated tau is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Using transgenic mice overexpressing human non-mutated tau (htau mice), we assessed the contribution of tau to peripheral and central neurodegeneration. Indices of peripheral small and large fiber neuropathy and learning and memory performances were assessed at 3 and 6 months of age. Overexpression of human tau is associated with peripheral neuropathy at 6 months of age. Our study also provides evidence that non-mutated tau hyperphosphorylation plays a critical role in memory deficits. In addition, htau mice had reduced stromal corneal nerve length with preservation of sub-basal corneal nerves, consistent with a somatofugal degeneration. Corneal nerve degeneration occurred prior to any cognitive deficits and peripheral neuropathy. Stromal corneal nerve loss was observed in patients with FTD but not AD. Corneal confocal microscopy may be used to identify early neurodegeneration and differentiate FTD from AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucie S Guernsey
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Katie E Frizzi
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Morgan Cundiff
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | | | - Nabeel Muttalib
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Fernanda Arenas
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Xiajun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Sze Hway Lim
- Department of Neurology, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Maryam Ferdousi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester and Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Monty Silverdale
- Department of Neurology, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Kobylecki
- Department of Neurology, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Jones
- Department of Neurology, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Andrew Marshall
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Salford Royal Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Fanet H, Tournissac M, Leclerc M, Caron V, Tremblay C, Vancassel S, Calon F. Tetrahydrobiopterin Improves Recognition Memory in the Triple-Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease, Without Altering Amyloid-β and Tau Pathologies. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:709-727. [PMID: 33337360 PMCID: PMC7902975 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease, implying that multi-target treatments may be necessary to effectively cure AD. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an enzymatic cofactor required for the synthesis of monoamines and nitric oxide that also exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite its crucial role in the CNS, the potential of BH4 as a treatment in AD has never been scrutinized. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated whether BH4 peripheral administration improves cognitive symptoms and AD neuropathology in the triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD), a model of age-related tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) neuropathologies associated with behavior impairment. METHODS Non-transgenic (NonTg) and 3xTg-AD mice were subjected to a control diet (5% fat - CD) or to a high-fat diet (35% fat - HFD) from 6 to 13 months to exacerbate metabolic disorders. Then, mice received either BH4 (15 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or vehicle for ten consecutive days. RESULTS This sub-chronic administration of BH4 rescued memory impairment in 13-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, as determined using the novel object recognition test. Moreover, the HFD-induced glucose intolerance was completely reversed by the BH4 treatment in 3xTg-AD mice. However, the HFD or BH4 treatment had no significant impact on Aβ and tau neuropathologies. CONCLUSION Overall, our data suggest a potential benefit from BH4 administration against AD cognitive and metabolic deficits accentuated by HFD consumption in 3xTg-AD mice, without altering classical neuropathology. Therefore, BH4 should be considered as a candidate for drug repurposing, at least in subtypes of cognitively impaired patients experiencing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortense Fanet
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Marine Tournissac
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Vicky Caron
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Vancassel
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
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