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Schmaußer M, Raab M, Laborde S. The dynamic role of the left dlPFC in neurovisceral integration: Differential effects of theta burst stimulation on vagally mediated heart rate variability and cognitive-affective processing. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14606. [PMID: 38867447 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Adapting to the ever-changing demands of the environment requires a complex interplay between cognitive-affective, neuronal, and autonomic processes. Vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) is positively associated with both cognitive-affective functioning and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity. Accordingly, the Neurovisceral Integration Model has posited a shared role of the PFC in the regulation of cognitive-affective processes and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. While there are numerous correlational findings in this regard, no study so far has investigated whether the manipulation of PFC activity induces changes in vmHRV and cognitive-affective processing in an inter-dependent manner. In a sample of 64 participants, we examined the effects of continuous (cTBS; n = 21) and intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS; n = 20) compared to sham stimulation (n = 23) over the left dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) on vmHRV and cognitive-affective processing within an emotional stop-signal task (ESST). Our results revealed that both resting vmHRV and vmHRV reactivity predicted cognitive-affective processing. Furthermore, we found a dampening effect of cTBS on resting and on-task vmHRV, as well as an enhancing effect of iTBS on ESST performance. Our results show no direct association between vmHRV changes and ESST performance alterations following stimulation. We interpret our results in the light of a hierarchical model of neurovisceral integration, suggesting a dynamical situation-dependent recruitment of higher-order cortical areas like the dlPFC in the regulation of the ANS. In conclusion, our results highlight the complex interplay between PFC activity, autonomic regulation, and cognitive-affective processing, emphasizing the need for further research to understand the causal dynamics of the underlying neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schmaußer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Performance Psychology Department, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Raab
- Performance Psychology Department, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sylvain Laborde
- Performance Psychology Department, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
- UFR STAPS, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
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2
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Ko DK, Lee H, Kim DI, Park YM, Kang N. Transcranial direct current stimulation improves heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111072. [PMID: 38925337 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV) is a useful tool for evaluating cardiovascular autonomic nervous system (ANS) functions. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the potential effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) protocols on HRV parameters. METHODS This study acquired 97 comparisons from 24 qualified studies for data synthesis. Using standardized mean difference (SMD), individual and overall effect sizes were estimated to show differences in HRV variables between active tDCS and sham stimulation conditions. More positive effect size values indicated that active tDCS caused greater increases in HRV than sham stimulation. Furthermore, moderator variable analyses were performed to determine whether changes in HRV variables differed depending on (a) task types (physical stress versus psychological stress versus resting condition), (b) targeted brain regions, (c) stimulation polarity, (d) characteristics of participants, and (e) specific HRV variables. Finally, we used meta-regression analyses to determine whether different tDCS parameters (i.e., the number of tDCS sessions, stimulation duration, and density) were associated with changes in HRV patterns. RESULTS The random-effects model meta-analysis showed that tDCS protocols significantly improved HRV variables (SMD = 0.400; P < 0.001). Moreover, for increasing HRV during the physical stress task (SMD = 1.352; P = 0.001), anodal stimulation on the M1 was effective, while combined polarity stimulation on the PFC improved HRV during the psychological stress task (SMD = 0.550; P < 0.001) and resting condition (SMD = 0.192; P = 0.012). Additional moderator variables and meta-regression analyses failed to show that tDCS protocols had positive effects in certain conditions, such as different stimulus polarity, characteristics of participants, specific HRV variables, and tDCS parameters. CONCLUSION These findings tentatively suggest that using tDCS protocols to stimulate optimal targeted brain areas may be effective in improving HRV patterns potentially related to cardiovascular ANS functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Kyung Ko
- Department of Human Movement Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Neuromechanical Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Hajun Lee
- Department of Human Movement Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Neuromechanical Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Department of Human Movement Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Division of Health & Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Young-Min Park
- Department of Human Movement Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Division of Health & Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Nyeonju Kang
- Department of Human Movement Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Division of Sport Science, Sport Science Institute & Health Promotion Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Neuromechanical Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
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Pegado R, Melo M, Oehmen T, Kirsztajn GM, Silva-Filho E, Quintiliano A. Safety and feasibility of transcranial direct current stimulation in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis: an exploratory study. J Bras Nefrol 2024; 46:e20240010. [PMID: 39051759 PMCID: PMC11268524 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2024-0010en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with end-stage renal disease often face a challenging routine of hemodialysis, dietary restrictions, and multiple medications, which can affect their hemodynamic function. Home-based, safe, and nonpharmacological approaches such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) should be combined with conventional treatment. OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and feasibility of tDCS on blood pressure and heart rate in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. METHOD This is a parallel, randomized, sham-controlled trial. Patients undergoing hemodialysis for more than three months were included. The patients received ten non-consecutive 2mA tDCS sessions on the primary motor cortex . Each session lasted 20 minutes. At baseline and after each of the ten sessions, blood pressure and heart rate of the patients were measured hourly for four hours. RESULTS Thirty patients were randomized to the active or sham group. The mean difference between the groups was calculated as the mean value of the sham group minus the mean value of the active group. Despite there were no statistical changes for all outcomes considering all 10 sessions, we found differences between groups for systolic -10.93 (-29.1;7.2), diastolic -3.63 (-12.4; 5.1), and mean blood pressure -6.0 (-16.3; 4.2) and hear rate 2.26 (-2.5; 7.1). No serious adverse events were found. The active group showed higher blood pressure values at all points, while heart rate was lower in the active group. CONCLUSION tDCS is safe and feasible for patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Future studies should investigate whether tDCS could potentially induce a hypotensive protective effect during hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pegado
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Natal, RN,
Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
NortePrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da
ReabilitaçãoNatalRNBrazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Natal, RN, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
NortePrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da
SaúdeNatalRNBrazil
| | - Monaliza Melo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Natal, RN,
Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
NortePrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da
ReabilitaçãoNatalRNBrazil
| | - Tayanne Oehmen
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte,
Natal, RN, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
NorteNatalRNBrazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Programa de
Pós-Graduação em Nefrologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade Federal de São PauloPrograma de Pós-Graduação em
NefrologiaSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Gianna Mastroianni Kirsztajn
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Programa de
Pós-Graduação em Nefrologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade Federal de São PauloPrograma de Pós-Graduação em
NefrologiaSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Edson Silva-Filho
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Natal, RN, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
NortePrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da
SaúdeNatalRNBrazil
| | - Artur Quintiliano
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte,
Departamento de Medicina, Natal, RN, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do
NorteDepartamento de MedicinaNatalRNBrazil
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Li Z, Schoonjans E, Allaert J, De Smet S, Kappen M, Houfflyn J, Ottaviani C, De Raedt R, Pulopulos MM, Vanderhasselt MA. Unraveling the temporal interplay of slow-paced breathing and prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation on cardiac indices of autonomic activity. Psychophysiology 2024:e14650. [PMID: 38997945 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The neurovisceral integration model proposes that information flows bidirectionally between the brain and the heart via the vagus nerve, indexed by vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV). Voluntary reduction in breathing rate (slow-paced breathing, SPB, 5.5 Breathing Per Minute (BPM)) can enhance vmHRV. Additionally, prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can modulate the excitability of the prefrontal region and influence the vagus nerve. However, research on the combination of SPB and prefrontal tDCS to increase vmHRV and other cardiac (heart rate (HR) and blood pressure) and peripheral (skin conductance) indices is scarce. We hypothesized that the combination of 20 min of SPB and prefrontal tDCS would have a greater effect than each intervention in isolation. Hence, 200 participants were divided into four groups: active tDCS with SPB, active tDCS with 15 BPM breathing, sham tDCS with SPB, and sham tDCS with 15 BPM breathing. Regardless of the tDCS condition, the 5.5 BPM group showed a significant increase in vmHRV over 20 minutes and significant decreases in HR at the first and second 5-min epochs of the intervention. Regardless of breathing condition, the active tDCS group exhibited higher HR at the fourth 5-min epoch of the intervention than the sham tDCS group. No other effects were observed. Overall, SPB is a robust technique for increasing vmHRV, whereas prefrontal tDCS may produce effects that counteract those of SPB. More research is necessary to test whether and how SPB and neuromodulation approaches can be combined to improve cardiac vagal tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Li
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmanuelle Schoonjans
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Allaert
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefanie De Smet
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mitchel Kappen
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joni Houfflyn
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matias M Pulopulos
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Razza LB, De Smet S, Cornelis X, Nikolin S, Pulopulos MM, De Raedt R, Brunoni AR, Vanderhasselt MA. Dose-dependent response of prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation on the heart rate variability: An electric field modeling study. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14556. [PMID: 38459778 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) modulates the autonomic nervous system by activating deeper brain areas via top-down pathway. However, effects on the nervous system are heterogeneous and may depend on the amount of current that penetrates. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the variable effects of tDCS on heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of the functional state of the autonomic nervous system. Using three prefrontal tDCS protocols (1.5, 3 mA and sham), we associated the simulated individual electric field (E-field) magnitude in brain regions of interest with the HRV effects. This was a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled and within-subject trial, in which healthy young-adult participants received tDCS sessions separated by 2 weeks. The brain regions of interest were the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex, insula and amygdala. Overall, 37 participants were investigated, corresponding to a total of 111 tDCS sessions. The findings suggested that HRV, measured by root mean squared of successive differences (RMSSD) and high-frequency HRV (HF-HRV), were significantly increased by the 3.0 mA tDCS when compared to sham and 1.5 mA. No difference was found between sham and 1.5 mA. E-field analysis showed that all brain regions of interest were associated with the HRV outcomes. However, this significance was associated with the protocol intensity, rather than inter-individual brain structural variability. To conclude, our results suggest a dose-dependent effect of tDCS for HRV. Therefore, further research is warranted to investigate the optimal current dose to modulate HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís B Razza
- Department of Head and Skin, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefanie De Smet
- Department of Head and Skin, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xander Cornelis
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stevan Nikolin
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matias M Pulopulos
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andre R Brunoni
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo & Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Serviço Interdisciplinar de Neuromodulação, Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Department of Head and Skin, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Messina G, Monda A, Messina A, Di Maio G, Monda V, Limone P, Dipace A, Monda M, Polito R, Moscatelli F. Relationship between Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Autonomic Nervous System. Biomedicines 2024; 12:972. [PMID: 38790934 PMCID: PMC11117478 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) approaches have seen a rise in utilization in both clinical and basic neuroscience in recent years. Here, we concentrate on the two methods that have received the greatest research: transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Both approaches have yielded pertinent data regarding the cortical excitability in subjects in good health as well as pertinent advancements in the management of various clinical disorders. NIBS is a helpful method for comprehending the cortical control of the ANS. Previous research has shown that there are notable changes in muscular sympathetic nerve activity when the motor cortex is modulated. Furthermore, in NIBS investigations, the ANS has been employed more frequently as an outcome measure to comprehend the overall impacts of these methods, including their safety profile. Though there is ample proof that brain stimulation has autonomic effects on animals, new research on the connection between NIBS and the ANS has produced contradictory findings. In order to better understand NIBS processes and ANS function, it is crucial to take into account the reciprocal relationship that exists between central modulation and ANS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (A.M.); (G.D.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Antonietta Monda
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Telematic University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (A.M.); (G.D.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Girolamo Di Maio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (A.M.); (G.D.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pierpaolo Limone
- Department of Psychology and Education, Pegaso Telematic University, 80143 Naples, Italy; (P.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Anna Dipace
- Department of Psychology and Education, Pegaso Telematic University, 80143 Naples, Italy; (P.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (A.M.); (G.D.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Moscatelli
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, 80143 Naples, Italy;
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You M, Laborde S, Ackermann S, Borges U, Dosseville F, Mosley E. Influence of Respiratory Frequency of Slow-Paced Breathing on Vagally-Mediated Heart Rate Variability. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2024; 49:133-143. [PMID: 38063977 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-023-09605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Breathing techniques, particularly slow-paced breathing (SPB), have gained popularity among athletes due to their potential to enhance performance by increasing cardiac vagal activity (CVA), which in turn can help manage stress and regulate emotions. However, it is still unclear whether the frequency of SPB affects its effectiveness in increasing CVA. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a brief SPB intervention (i.e., 5 min) on CVA using heart rate variability (HRV) measurement as an index. A total of 75 athletes (22 female; Mage = 22.32; age range = 19-31) participated in the study, attending one lab session where they performed six breathing exercises, including SPB at different frequencies (5 cycles per minute (cpm), 5.5 cpm, 6 cpm, 6.5 cpm, 7 cpm), and a control condition of spontaneous breathing. The study found that CVA was significantly higher in all SPB conditions compared to the control condition, as indexed by both root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD) and low-frequency HRV (LF-HRVms2). Interestingly, LF-HRVms2 was more sensitive in differentiating the respiratory frequencies than RMSSD. These results suggest that SPB at a range of 5 cpm to 7 cpm can be an effective method to increase CVA and potentially improve stress management and emotion regulation in athletes. This short SPB exercise can be a simple yet useful tool for athletes to use during competitive scenarios and short breaks in competitions. Overall, these findings highlight the potential benefits of incorporating SPB into athletes' training and competition routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min You
- School of Teacher Education, University of Weifang, Weifang, China.
- UFR Psychologie, UR 3918 CERREV, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, 14032, France.
| | - Sylvain Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
- UFR STAPS, UR 7480 VERTEX, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, 14032, France
| | - Stefan Ackermann
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uirassu Borges
- Department of Health & Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabrice Dosseville
- UFR STAPS, UR 7480 VERTEX, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, 14032, France
- CNDAPS, Colombelles, F-14460, France
| | - Emma Mosley
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Sciences, School of Sport, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK
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Laborde S, Wanders J, Mosley E, Javelle F. Influence of physical post-exercise recovery techniques on vagally-mediated heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2024; 44:14-35. [PMID: 37754676 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
In sports, physical recovery following exercise-induced fatigue is mediated via the reactivation of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). A noninvasive way to quantify the reactivation of the PNS is to assess vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), which can then be used as an index of physical recovery. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of physical recovery techniques following exercise-induced fatigue on vmHRV, specifically via the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). Randomized controlled trials from the databases PubMed, WebOfScience, and SportDiscus were included. Twenty-four studies were part of the systematic review and 17 were included in the meta-analysis. Using physical post-exercise recovery techniques displayed a small to moderate positive effect on RMSSD (k = 22, Hedges' g = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.20-0.61, p = 0.04) with moderate heterogeneity. In the subgroup analyses, cold water immersion displayed a moderate to large positive effect (g = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.42-1.07) compared with none for other techniques. For exercise type, physical recovery techniques performed after resistance exercise (g = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.48-0.89) demonstrated a larger positive effect than after cardiovascular intermittent (g = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.06-0.97), while physical recovery techniques performed after cardiovascular continuous exercise had no effect. No significant subgroup differences for training status and exercise intensity were observed. Overall, physical post-exercise recovery techniques can accelerate PNS reactivation as indexed by vmHRV, but the effectiveness varies with the technique and exercise type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- UFR STAPS, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Jannik Wanders
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emma Mosley
- Solent University Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Florian Javelle
- NeuroPsychoImmunology Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Lee H, Lee JH, Hwang MH, Kang N. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves cardiovascular autonomic nervous system control: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:443-453. [PMID: 37459970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular autonomic system (ANS) may be affected by altered neural activations in the brain. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated potential effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocols on cardiovascular ANS control. METHODS Through 19 qualified studies, we acquired 70 comparisons for data synthesis. Individual effect sizes were estimated by comparing changes in following cardiovascular ANS control variables between active and sham stimulation conditions: (a) blood pressure (BP), (b) heart rate (HR), and (c) heart rate variability (HRV). Moreover, two moderator variable analyses determined whether changes in cardiovascular ANS control were different based on (a) rTMS protocols (excitatory rTMS versus inhibitory rTMS) and (b) specific targeted cortical regions, respectively. RESULTS The random-effects model meta-analysis revealed significant improvements in cardiovascular ANS control after the rTMS protocols. Specifically, applying excitatory and inhibitory rTMS protocols significantly decreased values of BP and HR variables. For HRV variables, excitatory rTMS protocols showed significant positive effects. These improvements in cardiovascular ANS control were observed while applying either excitatory rTMS protocols to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or inhibitory rTMS protocols to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. LIMITATIONS Relatively small number of studies for inhibitory rTMS on the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were included in this meta-analysis. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that applying excitatory and inhibitory rTMS protocols on prefrontal cortical regions may be effective to improve cardiovascular ANS control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanall Lee
- Department of Human Movement Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Neuromechanical Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Joon Ho Lee
- Department of Human Movement Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Neuromechanical Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Moon-Hyon Hwang
- Department of Human Movement Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Division of Health & Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Nyeonju Kang
- Department of Human Movement Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Division of Sport Science, Sport Science Institute & Health Promotion Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Neuromechanical Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
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De Smet S, Cohen N, Vanderhasselt MA. Boosting affective control with bifrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): a proof-of-concept study in healthy individuals. Behav Res Ther 2023; 169:104401. [PMID: 37729689 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Affective control refers to the ability to regulate emotions and is considered a marker of mental health. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, holds promise to enhance affective control. In this between-subjects study in healthy individuals, we investigated the effects of bifrontal tDCS on core processes and higher-level markers of affective control. As such, we assessed direct tDCS effects on emotional interference during an affective control task and indirect effects on an instructed reappraisal task afterward. Results showed that the affective control task combined with active tDCS, compared to sham, resulted in enhanced cognitive emotion regulation. Specifically, participants in the active tDCS condition showed an increased propensity to use reappraisal and were more successful in doing so. Moreover, there was reduced vagally mediated heart rate variability indicative of attenuated emotion and self-regulation, in the sham, but not in the active condition. Surprisingly, there were no effects of tDCS on emotional interference during the affective control task, with Bayesian analyses showing extreme evidence against these effects. Nevertheless, there was a positive association between the emotional interference during the affective control task and participants' reappraisal success afterward for the active, but not the sham tDCS condition. The study offers valuable insights to guide future work on combined tDCS with affective control tasks or training on the ability to regulate emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie De Smet
- Department of Head and Skin, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Noga Cohen
- Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Department of Head and Skin, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Schmaußer M, Laborde S. Tonic and phasic cardiac vagal activity predict cognitive-affective processing in an emotional stop-signal task. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 191:9-18. [PMID: 37355042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Both the Neurovisceral Integration Model and the Vagal Tank Theory propose cardiac vagal activity (CVA) as proxy for self-regulatory or processing resources required for attentional and top-down control as key mechanisms in executive functioning or emotion-regulation. These resources have, according to the Dual Competition Model, limited capacity and are prioritized for processing the most salient of different competing stimuli. As such, emotional and especially negative or threatening stimuli attract these self-regulatory/processing resources, and may thus interfere with ongoing cognitive processes if not integrated adaptively. Here, we investigated whether tonic and phasic CVA represent self-regulatory/processing resources and thus predict response inhibition in an emotional stop-signal task as a measure of cognitive-affective integration. Thereby, we examined not only the independent effects of tonic and phasic CVA, but whether and how the interaction of both variables predicts response inhibition. We assumed that the effects of CVA on response inhibition would be more pronounced in negatively-valenced trials compared to positive or neutral ones. Our results show that CVA significantly predicted response inhibition, with higher tonic CVA predicting faster, and larger phasic withdrawal CVA predicting slower stop-signal reaction times. The interactive effects of tonic and phasic CVA revealed that high tonic CVA levels prevented the negative effects of CVA withdrawal on response inhibition. Contrary to our assumption, we did not find differential effects of tonic and phasic CVA on trials with different valences. Our results support the notion of CVA as index for self-regulatory/processing resources. However, further research is needed to investigate how CVA is related to specific neural processes of cognitive-affective processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schmaußer
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Sylvain Laborde
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; UFR STAPS, Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14000 Caen, France
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12
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Schmidt N, Menéndez-Granda M, Münger R, Reber TP, Bayen UJ, Gümüsdagli FE, Hering A, Joly-Burra E, Kliegel M, Peter J. Modulating prospective memory and attentional control with high-definition transcranial current stimulation: Study protocol of a randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled trial in healthy older adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289532. [PMID: 37549139 PMCID: PMC10406223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to remember future intentions (i.e., prospective memory) is influenced by attentional control. At the neuronal level, frontal and parietal brain regions have been related to attentional control and prospective memory. It is debated, however, whether more or less activity in these regions is beneficial for older adults' performance. We will test that by systematically enhancing or inhibiting activity in these regions with anodal or cathodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation in older adults. We will include n = 105 healthy older volunteers (60-75 years of age) in a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, and parallel-group design. The participants will receive either cathodal, anodal, or sham high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the left or right inferior frontal gyrus, or the right superior parietal gyrus (1mA for 20 min). During and after stimulation, the participants will complete tasks of attentional control and prospective memory. The results of this study will clarify how frontal and parietal brain regions contribute to attentional control and prospective memory in older healthy adults. In addition, we will elucidate the relationship between attentional control and prospective memory in that age group. The study has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on the 12th of May 2021 (trial identifier: NCT04882527).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schmidt
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marta Menéndez-Granda
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ronya Münger
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas P. Reber
- Faculty of Psychology, Uni Distance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland
| | - Ute J. Bayen
- Institute for Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian E. Gümüsdagli
- Institute for Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Hering
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg School for Social and Behavioural Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie Joly-Burra
- Cognitive Aging Lab (CAL), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, LIVES Centre, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Cognitive Aging Lab (CAL), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, LIVES Centre, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Peter
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Haakana P, Holopainen K, Nätkynmäki A, Kirveskari E, Tarvainen MP, Shulga A. The effect of paired associative stimulation with a high-intensity cortical component and a high-frequency peripheral component on heart rate and heart rate variability in healthy subjects. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2023; 4:1200958. [PMID: 37565182 PMCID: PMC10410150 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1200958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective A novel protocol for paired associative stimulation (PAS), called high PAS, consists of high-intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and high-frequency peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS). High PAS was developed for spinal cord injury rehabilitation and targets plastic changes in stimulated pathways in the corticospinal tract, which improves motor function. As therapy interventions can last many weeks, it is important to fully understand the effects of high PAS, including its effect on the cardiovascular system. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been used to measure changes in both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. Methods We used short-term HRV measurements to evaluate the effects of one 20-min session of high PAS on 17 healthy individuals. HRV was recorded for 5 min before (PRE), during (STIM), immediately after (POST), 30 min after (POST30), and 60 min after (POST60) the stimulation. Five participants repeated the HRV setup with sham stimulation. Results A significant decrease in low-frequency (LF) power (n.u.) (p = 0.002), low-frequency to high-frequency (HF) ratio (p = 0.017), in Poincaré plot [the standard deviation of RR intervals perpendicular to (SD1) and along (SD2) the line of identity SD2/SD1 ratio p < 0.001], and an increase in HF power (n.u.) (p = 0.002) were observed between PRE and STIM conditions; these changes were fully reversible immediately after stimulation. PRE to POST by 3% (p = 0.015) and continued to decline until POST60 by 5% (p = 0.011). LF power (ms2) (p = 0.017) and SD2 (p = 0.015) decreased from PRE to STIM and increased from PRE to POST (p = 0.025 and p = 0.017, respectively). The results from sham PAS exhibited a trend similar to active high-PAS stimulation. Conclusions High PAS does not have sustained effects during 60-min follow-up on cardiovascular functions, as measured by HRV. None of the short-term results indicates activation of the sympathetic nervous system in healthy individuals. Observed changes in HRV indicate higher parasympathetic activity during stimulation, which is reversible, and is plausibly explained by the fact that the participants spend 20 min without moving, talking, or using phones while being stimulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Haakana
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, New Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Holopainen
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Nätkynmäki
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E. Kirveskari
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Clinical Neurophysiology, Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. P. Tarvainen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A. Shulga
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Teymoori H, Amiri E, Tahmasebi W, Hoseini R, Grospretre S, Machado DGDS. Effect of tDCS targeting the M1 or left DLPFC on physical performance, psychophysiological responses, and cognitive function in repeated all-out cycling: a randomized controlled trial. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:97. [PMID: 37496055 PMCID: PMC10373277 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite reporting the positive effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on endurance performance, very few studies have investigated its efficacy in anaerobic short all-out activities. Moreover, there is still no consensus on which brain areas could provide the most favorable effects on different performance modalities. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the effects of anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) targeting the primary motor cortex (M1) or left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on physical performance, psychophysiological responses, and cognitive function in repeated all-out cycling. METHODS In this randomized, crossover, and double-blind study, 15 healthy physically active men underwent a-tDCS targeting M1 or the left DLPFC or sham tDCS in separate days before performing three bouts of all-out 30s cycling anaerobic test. a-tDCS was applied using 2 mA for 20 min. Peak power, mean power, fatigue index, and EMG of the quadriceps muscles were measured during each bout. Heart rate, perceived exertion, affective valence, and arousal were recorded two minutes after each bout. Color-word Stroop test and choice reaction time were measured at baseline and after the whole anaerobic test. RESULTS Neither tDCS montage significantly changed peak power, mean power, fatigue index, heart rate, affective valence, arousal, and choice reaction time (p> 0.05). a-tDCS over DLPFC significantly lowered RPE of the first bout (compared to sham; p=0.048, Δ=-12.5%) and third bout compared to the M1 (p=0.047, Δ=-12.38%) and sham (p=0.003, Δ=-10.5%), increased EMG of the Vastus Lateralis muscle during the second (p=0.016, Δ= +40.3%) and third bout (p=0.016, Δ= +42.1%) compared to sham, and improved the score of color-word Stroop test after the repeated all-out task (p=0.04, Δ= +147%). The qualitative affective response (valence and arousal) was also higher under the M1 and DLPFC compared to the sham. CONCLUSION We concluded that tDCS targeting M1 or DLPFC does not improve repeated anaerobic performance. However, the positive effect of DLPFC montage on RPE, EMG, qualitative affective responses, and cognitive function is promising and paves the path for future research using different tDCS montages to see any possible effects on anaerobic performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Razi University (IR.RAZI.REC.1400.023) and registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT id: IRCT20210617051606N5; Registration Date: 04/02/2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafez Teymoori
- Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ehsan Amiri
- Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Worya Tahmasebi
- Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sidney Grospretre
- EA4660-C3S Laboratory - Culture, Sports, Health and Society, University Bourgogne France- Comte, Besancon, France
| | - Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado
- Research Group in Neuroscience of the Human Movement (NeuroMove), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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15
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Silva-Filho E, Fonseca ME. Transcranial direct current stimulation associated with pharmacological approaches in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:370-371. [PMID: 36820775 PMCID: PMC10004296 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20221452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edson Silva-Filho
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Associated Postgraduate Program in Physical Education – João Pessoa (PB), Brazil
- AFYA, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas – Cabedelo (PB), Brazil
- Corresponding author:
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16
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Gu Z, Chen W, Lu Q, Dai J, Hu S, Xu K, Geng Y, Zhu Y, Xu B, Dai W, Shen Y. Anodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation reduces heart rate and modulates heart-rate variability in healthy young people: A randomized cross-controlled trial. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1070157. [PMID: 36531710 PMCID: PMC9755739 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1070157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether anodal high-definition transcranial current stimulation (HD-tDCS) over the left dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex (DLPFC) could modulate the heart rate (HR) and heart-rate variability (HRV) in healthy young people. METHODS Forty healthy young people were enrolled in this randomized crossover trial. The participants were randomized to receive anodal HD-tDCS (n = 20) or sham HD-tDCS (n = 20) over the left DLPFC with a washout period of 1 week. Electrocardiogram (ECG) data were continuously recorded 20 min before the stimulation, during the session (20 min), and 20 min after the session. HR and the time- and frequency-domain indices of the HRV were measured to investigate the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. RESULTS Anodal HD-tDCS over the left DLPFC induced a significant decrease in HR and a significant increase in the average of normal-to-normal intervals (AVG NN), low-frequency (LF) power, total power (TP), and LF/high-frequency (HF) ratio in comparison with the sham stimulation and the baseline. However, sham HD-tDCS over the left DLPFC had no significant effect on HR or HRV. CONCLUSIONS Anodal HD-tDCS over the left DLPFC could reduce HR and modulate the HRV in healthy young people. HD-tDCS may show some potential for acutely modulating cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongke Gu
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxiang Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Dai
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Shugang Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Geng
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Boqing Xu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Dai
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Machado S, Sant’Ana LDO, Travassos B, Monteiro D. Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Reduces Competitive Anxiety and Modulates Heart Rate Variability in an eSports Player. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2022; 18:e174501792209270. [PMID: 37274860 PMCID: PMC10156019 DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v18-e2209270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has recently shown that high cognitive and somatic anxiety and low self-confidence, before and during sport competitions have a significant correlation with heart rate variability (HRV) changes and can reduce overall athletic performance. Therefore, interventions, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), can be a potential tool to reduce psychophysiological anxiety-related and enhance athletic performance. We present a case of a male professional athlete of eSports. We explored the effects of a single session of anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) at 2mA over the dosrsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on competitive anxiety and HRV assessed in baseline (BL), pre-tDCS, post-tDCS and post-game moments and compared between moments. Here, we found a decrease in somatic and cognitive anxiety, as well as an increase in self-confidence and in SDNN index in the post-tDCS moment compared with BL, pre-tDCS and post-game moments. These findings can be a result of an acute change in the attentional state, influencing the processing of threatening information essential for cognitive anxiety and of a self-regulatory process, which can regulate physiological arousal response, such as HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Machado
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Sports Science, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, 6201-001, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados, 26325-020, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Travassos
- Department of Sports Science, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, 6201-001, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real 5000-558, Portugal
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Cruz 1495-433, Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real 5000-558, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), Rio Maior, 2040-413, Portugal
- ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, 2411-901, Portugal
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18
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Laborde S, Allen MS, Borges U, Dosseville F, Hosang TJ, Iskra M, Mosley E, Salvotti C, Spolverato L, Zammit N, Javelle F. Effects of voluntary slow breathing on heart rate and heart rate variability: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104711. [PMID: 35623448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Voluntary slow breathing (VSB) is used as a prevention technique to support physical and mental health, given it is suggested to influence the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). However, to date, no comprehensive quantitative review exists to support or refute this claim. We address this through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of VSB on heart rate variability (HRV). Specifically, we focus on HRV parameters indexing PNS activity regulating cardiac functioning, referred to as vagally-mediated (vm)HRV: (1) during the breathing session (i.e., DURING), (2) immediately after one training session (i.e., IM-AFTER1), as well as (3) after a multi-session intervention (i.e., AFTER-INT). From the 1842 selected abstracts, 223 studies were suitable for inclusion (172 DURING, 16 IM-AFTER1, and 49 AFTER-INT). Results indicate increases in vmHRV with VSB, DURING, IM-AFTER1, and AFTER-INT. Given the involvement of the PNS in a large range of health-related outcomes and conditions, VSB exercises could be advised as a low-tech and low-cost technique to use in prevention and adjunct treatment purposes, with few adverse effects expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany; EA 4260, UFR STAPS, Normandie Université Caen, France.
| | - M S Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - U Borges
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany; Department of Social & Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - F Dosseville
- INSERM, UMR-S 1075 COMETE, Normandie Université Caen, France
| | - T J Hosang
- Experimental Psychology Unit, Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Iskra
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - E Mosley
- Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | - C Salvotti
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - L Spolverato
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - N Zammit
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - F Javelle
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne,Germany
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19
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Gunlu S, Aktan A. Evaluation of the heart rate variability in cardiogenic vertigo patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR ACADEMY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ijca.ijca_13_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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