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Laborde S, Allen MS, Borges U, Dosseville F, Hosang TJ, Iskra M, Mosley E, Salvotti C, Spolverato L, Zammit N, Javelle F. Effects of voluntary slow breathing on heart rate and heart rate variability: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104711. [PMID: 35623448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Voluntary slow breathing (VSB) is used as a prevention technique to support physical and mental health, given it is suggested to influence the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). However, to date, no comprehensive quantitative review exists to support or refute this claim. We address this through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of VSB on heart rate variability (HRV). Specifically, we focus on HRV parameters indexing PNS activity regulating cardiac functioning, referred to as vagally-mediated (vm)HRV: (1) during the breathing session (i.e., DURING), (2) immediately after one training session (i.e., IM-AFTER1), as well as (3) after a multi-session intervention (i.e., AFTER-INT). From the 1842 selected abstracts, 223 studies were suitable for inclusion (172 DURING, 16 IM-AFTER1, and 49 AFTER-INT). Results indicate increases in vmHRV with VSB, DURING, IM-AFTER1, and AFTER-INT. Given the involvement of the PNS in a large range of health-related outcomes and conditions, VSB exercises could be advised as a low-tech and low-cost technique to use in prevention and adjunct treatment purposes, with few adverse effects expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany; EA 4260, UFR STAPS, Normandie Université Caen, France.
| | - M S Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - U Borges
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany; Department of Social & Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - F Dosseville
- INSERM, UMR-S 1075 COMETE, Normandie Université Caen, France
| | - T J Hosang
- Experimental Psychology Unit, Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Iskra
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - E Mosley
- Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | - C Salvotti
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - L Spolverato
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - N Zammit
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - F Javelle
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne,Germany
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Piantoni P, Lock AL, Allen MS. Corrigendum to "Milk production responses to dietary stearic acid vary by production level in dairy cattle" (J. Dairy Sci. 98:1938-1949). J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7344. [PMID: 34016373 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-104-6-7344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract. The aim of this experiment was to test the immediate effects of slow-paced breathing on executive function. Slow-paced breathing is suggested to increase cardiac vagal activity, and the neurovisceral integration model predicts that higher cardiac vagal activity leads to better executive functioning. In total, 78 participants (41 men, 37 women; Mage = 23.22 years) took part in two counterbalanced experimental conditions: a 3 × 5 min slow-paced breathing condition and a television viewing control condition. After each condition, heart rate variability was measured and participants performed three executive function tasks: the color-word match Stroop (inhibition), the automated operation span task (working memory), and the modified card sorting task (cognitive flexibility). Results showed that performance on executive function tasks was better after slow-paced breathing compared to control, with higher scores observed for Stroop interference accuracy, automated operation span score, and perseverative errors, but not Stroop interference reaction times. This difference in executive function between experimental conditions was not mediated by cardiac vagal activity. Therefore, findings only partially align with predictions of the neurovisceral integration model. Slow-paced breathing appears a promising technique to improve immediate executive function performance. Further studies are recommended that address possible alternative underlying mechanisms and long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
- UFR STAPS, EA 4260 CESAMS, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
| | - M. S. Allen
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - U. Borges
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
- Department of Health & Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - T. J. Hosang
- Experimental Psychology Unit, Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Furley
- Institute for Training and Computer Science in Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - E. Mosley
- Department of Sport Science and Performance, Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | - F. Dosseville
- UMR-S 1075 COMETE, Caen, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1075 COMETE, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
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4
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Aguilar M, Cavasonza LA, Allen MS, Alpat B, Ambrosi G, Arruda L, Attig N, Barao F, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Başeğmez-du Pree S, Battiston R, Behlmann M, Beranek B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bindi V, Bollweg K, Borgia B, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Bueno EF, Burger J, Burger WJ, Burmeister S, Cai XD, Capell M, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cervelli F, Chang YH, Chen GM, Chen GR, Chen HS, Chen Y, Cheng L, Chou HY, Chouridou S, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Cui Z, Dadzie K, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Di Felice V, Díaz C, Dimiccoli F, von Doetinchem P, Dong F, Donnini F, Duranti M, Egorov A, Eline A, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fisher P, Formato V, Freeman C, Galaktionov Y, Gámez C, García-López RJ, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gervasi M, Giovacchini F, Gómez-Coral DM, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Haino S, Han KC, Hashmani RK, He ZH, Heber B, Hsieh TH, Hu JY, Incagli M, Jang WY, Jia Y, Jinchi H, Kanishev K, Khiali B, Kim GN, Kirn T, Konyushikhin M, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Kuhlman A, Kulemzin A, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Li JQ, Li M, Li Q, Li S, Li JH, Li ZH, Liang J, Light C, Lin CH, Lippert T, Liu JH, Liu Z, Lu SQ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo JZ, Luo X, Lyu SS, Machate F, Mañá C, Marín J, Marquardt J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mikhailov VV, Mo DC, Molero M, Mott P, Mussolin L, Negrete J, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palermo M, Palmonari F, Paniccia M, Pashnin A, Pauluzzi M, Pensotti S, Phan HD, Piandani R, Plyaskin V, Poluianov S, Qin X, Qu ZY, Quadrani L, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Conde AR, Robyn E, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Schael S, Schulz von Dratzig A, Schwering G, Seo ES, Shakfa Z, Shan BS, Siedenburg T, Solano C, Song JW, Song XJ, Sonnabend R, Strigari L, Su T, Sun Q, Sun ZT, Tacconi M, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tian J, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Tüysüz C, Urban T, Usoskin I, Vagelli V, Vainio R, Valencia-Otero M, Valente E, Valtonen E, Vázquez Acosta M, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Wang CX, Wang L, Wang LQ, Wang NH, Wang QL, Wang S, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang ZM, Wei J, Weng ZL, Wu H, Xiong RQ, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang Y, Yashin II, Yi H, Yu YM, Yu ZQ, Zannoni M, Zhang C, Zhang F, Zhang FZ, Zhang JH, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zheng C, Zheng ZM, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zuccon P. Properties of Heavy Secondary Fluorine Cosmic Rays: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:081102. [PMID: 33709764 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.081102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Precise knowledge of the charge and rigidity dependence of the secondary cosmic ray fluxes and the secondary-to-primary flux ratios is essential in the understanding of cosmic ray propagation. We report the properties of heavy secondary cosmic ray fluorine F in the rigidity R range 2.15 GV to 2.9 TV based on 0.29 million events collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. The fluorine spectrum deviates from a single power law above 200 GV. The heavier secondary-to-primary F/Si flux ratio rigidity dependence is distinctly different from the lighter B/O (or B/C) rigidity dependence. In particular, above 10 GV, the F/Si/B/O ratio can be described by a power law R^{δ} with δ=0.052±0.007. This shows that the propagation properties of heavy cosmic rays, from F to Si, are different from those of light cosmic rays, from He to O, and that the secondary cosmic rays have two classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ali Cavasonza
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M S Allen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Alpat
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - S Başeğmez-du Pree
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - R Battiston
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Beranek
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - V Bindi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K Bollweg
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - B Borgia
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - E F Bueno
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - S Burmeister
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Y H Chang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - G M Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - G R Chen
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Y Chen
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - H Y Chou
- Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - S Chouridou
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Clark
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Coignet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - C Consolandi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - K Dadzie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Derome
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - V Di Felice
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - P von Doetinchem
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Dong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - F Donnini
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M Duranti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Egorov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Eline
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Feng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Fiandrini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Fisher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Formato
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C Freeman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Y Galaktionov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Gámez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R J García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Gast
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Gervasi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - F Giovacchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D M Gómez-Coral
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Gong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, 01000 Mexico
| | - D Grandi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Graziani
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - R K Hashmani
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - B Heber
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Y Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - M Incagli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - W Y Jang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Yi Jia
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Jinchi
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | | | - B Khiali
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G N Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Th Kirn
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Konyushikhin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O Kounina
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kounine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Koutsenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kuhlman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Kulemzin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G La Vacca
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Laudi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Laurenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Lazzizzera
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Lebedev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H T Lee
- Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - M Li
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - S Li
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J H Li
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - J Liang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - C Light
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - J H Liu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Z Liu
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Q Lu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - S S Lyu
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - F Machate
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marquardt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - T Martin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Masi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, 01000 Mexico
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - V V Mikhailov
- NRNU MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409 Russia
| | - D C Mo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - M Molero
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Mott
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - L Mussolin
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Negrete
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - N Nikonov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Nozzoli
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Oliva
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Palermo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Pashnin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pauluzzi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pensotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - H D Phan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Piandani
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Poluianov
- Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory and Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - X Qin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Y Qu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Reina Conde
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - E Robyn
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Schulz von Dratzig
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Z Shakfa
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Solano
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J W Song
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - X J Song
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - R Sonnabend
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Strigari
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - T Su
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Q Sun
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Z T Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - J Tian
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - C Tüysüz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - T Urban
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - I Usoskin
- Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory and Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - V Vagelli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - R Vainio
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Valencia-Otero
- Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - E Valente
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Vázquez Acosta
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Vecchi
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vialle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - C X Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - N H Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - S Wang
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Z M Wang
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - J Wei
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Wu
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - W Xu
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Q Yan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - I I Yashin
- NRNU MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409 Russia
| | - H Yi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Y M Yu
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Z Q Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - M Zannoni
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - F Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - F Z Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - C Zheng
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Zuccon
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
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5
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Aguilar M, Cavasonza LA, Allen MS, Alpat B, Ambrosi G, Arruda L, Attig N, Barao F, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Başeğmez-du Pree S, Battiston R, Behlmann M, Beischer B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bindi V, de Boer W, Bollweg K, Borgia B, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Bueno EF, Burger J, Burger WJ, Burmeister S, Cai XD, Capell M, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cervelli F, Chang YH, Chen GM, Chen GR, Chen HS, Chen Y, Cheng L, Chou HY, Chouridou S, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Cui Z, Dadzie K, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Di Felice V, Díaz C, Dimiccoli F, von Doetinchem P, Dong F, Donnini F, Duranti M, Egorov A, Eline A, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fisher P, Formato V, Freeman C, Galaktionov Y, Gámez C, García-López RJ, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gervasi M, Giovacchini F, Gómez-Coral DM, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Haino S, Han KC, Hashmani RK, He ZH, Heber B, Hsieh TH, Hu JY, Incagli M, Jang WY, Jia Y, Jinchi H, Kanishev K, Khiali B, Kim GN, Kirn T, Konyushikhin M, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Kuhlman A, Kulemzin A, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Li JQ, Li M, Li Q, Li S, Li JH, Li ZH, Liang J, Light C, Lin CH, Lippert T, Liu JH, Liu Z, Lu SQ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo JZ, Luo X, Lyu SS, Machate F, Mañá C, Marín J, Marquardt J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mikhailov VV, Mo DC, Molero M, Mott P, Mussolin L, Negrete J, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palermo M, Palmonari F, Paniccia M, Pashnin A, Pauluzzi M, Pensotti S, Phan HD, Piandani R, Plyaskin V, Poluianov S, Qin X, Qu ZY, Quadrani L, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Conde AR, Robyn E, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Schael S, von Dratzig AS, Schwering G, Seo ES, Shakfa Z, Shan BS, Siedenburg T, Solano C, Song JW, Song XJ, Sonnabend R, Strigari L, Su T, Sun Q, Sun ZT, Tacconi M, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tian J, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Tüysüz C, Urban T, Usoskin I, Vagelli V, Vainio R, Valencia-Otero M, Valente E, Valtonen E, Vázquez Acosta M, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Wang CX, Wang L, Wang LQ, Wang NH, Wang QL, Wang S, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang ZM, Wei J, Weng ZL, Wu H, Xiong RQ, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang Y, Yashin II, Yi H, Yu YM, Yu ZQ, Zannoni M, Zhang C, Zhang F, Zhang FZ, Zhang JH, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zheng C, Zheng ZM, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zimmermann N, Zuccon P. Properties of Iron Primary Cosmic Rays: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:041104. [PMID: 33576661 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.041104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of new properties of primary iron (Fe) cosmic rays in the rigidity range 2.65 GV to 3.0 TV with 0.62×10^{6} iron nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. Above 80.5 GV the rigidity dependence of the cosmic ray Fe flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of the primary cosmic ray He, C, and O fluxes, with the Fe/O flux ratio being constant at 0.155±0.006. This shows that unexpectedly Fe and He, C, and O belong to the same class of primary cosmic rays which is different from the primary cosmic rays Ne, Mg, and Si class.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ali Cavasonza
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M S Allen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Alpat
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - S Başeğmez-du Pree
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - R Battiston
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Beischer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - V Bindi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - W de Boer
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Bollweg
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - B Borgia
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - E F Bueno
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - S Burmeister
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Y H Chang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - G M Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - G R Chen
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Y Chen
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - H Y Chou
- Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - S Chouridou
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Clark
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Coignet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - C Consolandi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - K Dadzie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Derome
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - V Di Felice
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - P von Doetinchem
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Dong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - F Donnini
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M Duranti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Egorov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Eline
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Feng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Fiandrini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Fisher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Formato
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C Freeman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Y Galaktionov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Gámez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R J García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Gast
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Gervasi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - F Giovacchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D M Gómez-Coral
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Gong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, 01000 Mexico
| | - D Grandi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Graziani
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - R K Hashmani
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - B Heber
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Y Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - M Incagli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - W Y Jang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Yi Jia
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Jinchi
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | | | - B Khiali
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G N Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Th Kirn
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Konyushikhin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O Kounina
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kounine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Koutsenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kuhlman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Kulemzin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G La Vacca
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Laudi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Laurenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Lazzizzera
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Lebedev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H T Lee
- Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - M Li
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - S Li
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J H Li
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - J Liang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - C Light
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - J H Liu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Z Liu
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Q Lu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - S S Lyu
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - F Machate
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marquardt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - T Martin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Masi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, 01000 Mexico
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - V V Mikhailov
- NRNU MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409 Russia
| | - D C Mo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - M Molero
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Mott
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - L Mussolin
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Negrete
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - N Nikonov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Nozzoli
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Oliva
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Palermo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Pashnin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pauluzzi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pensotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - H D Phan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Piandani
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Poluianov
- Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory and Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - X Qin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Y Qu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Reina Conde
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - E Robyn
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Schulz von Dratzig
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Z Shakfa
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Solano
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J W Song
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - X J Song
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - R Sonnabend
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Strigari
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - T Su
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Q Sun
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Z T Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - J Tian
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - C Tüysüz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - T Urban
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - I Usoskin
- Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory and Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - V Vagelli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - R Vainio
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Valencia-Otero
- Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - E Valente
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Vázquez Acosta
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Vecchi
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vialle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - C X Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - N H Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - S Wang
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Z M Wang
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - J Wei
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Wu
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - W Xu
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Q Yan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - I I Yashin
- NRNU MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409 Russia
| | - H Yi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Y M Yu
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Z Q Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - M Zannoni
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - F Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - F Z Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - C Zheng
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - N Zimmermann
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Zuccon
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
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6
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Albornoz RI, Sordillo LM, Contreras GA, Nelli R, Mamedova LK, Bradford BJ, Allen MS. Diet starch concentration and starch fermentability affect markers of inflammatory response and oxidant status in dairy cows during the early postpartum period. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:352-367. [PMID: 31733858 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of diet starch concentration and starch fermentability on inflammatory response markers and oxidant status during the early postpartum (PP) period and its carryover effects. Fifty-two multiparous Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized block design experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were starch concentration and starch fermentability of diets; diets were formulated to 22% (low starch, LS) or 28% (high starch, HS) starch with dry-ground corn (DGC) or high-moisture corn (HMC) as the primary starch source. Treatments were fed from 1 to 23 d PP and then switched to a common diet until 72 d PP to measure carryover (CO) effects. Treatment period (TP) diets were formulated to 22% forage neutral detergent fiber and 17% crude protein. The diet for the CO period was formulated to 20% forage neutral detergent fiber, 17% crude protein, and 29% starch. Coccygeal blood was collected once a week during the TP and every second week during the CO period. Liver and adipose tissue biopsies were performed within 2 d PP and at 20 ± 3 d PP. Blood plasma was analyzed for concentrations of albumin, haptoglobin, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), and antioxidant potential (AOP), with lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and TNFα evaluated during the TP only. Oxidative stress index (OSi) was calculated as RONS/AOP. Abundance of mRNA from genes involved in inflammation and glucose metabolism in liver and genes involved in lipogenesis in adipose tissue were determined. Data were analyzed separately for the TP and CO periods. During the TP, treatments interacted to affect concentrations of TNFα, haptoglobin, and LBP, with HMC increasing their concentrations for HS (9.38 vs. 7.45 pg/mL, 0.45 vs. 0.37 mg/mL, and 5.94 vs. 4.48 μg/mL, respectively) and decreasing their concentrations for LS (4.76 vs. 12.9 pg/mL, 0.27 vs. 0.41 mg/mL, and 4.30 vs. 5.87 μg/mL, respectively) compared with DGC. Effects of treatments diminished over time for LBP and haptoglobin with no differences by the end of the TP and no main CO effects of treatment for haptoglobin. The opposite treatment interaction was observed for albumin, with HMC tending to decrease its concentration for HS (3.24 vs. 3.34 g/dL) and increase its concentration for LS (3.35 vs. 3.29 g/dL) compared with DGC, with no carryover effect. Feeding DGC increased the OSi during the first week of the TP compared with HMC, with this effect diminishing over time; during the CO period HMC increased OSi for HS and decreased it for LS compared with DGC, with this effect diminishing toward the end of CO. Feeding HMC increased the abundance of genes associated with inflammation and gluconeogenesis in liver for HS and decreased it for LS compared with DGC. Feeding HS increased the mRNA abundance of genes associated with adipose tissue lipogenesis compared with LS. Results during the TP suggest that feeding LS-DGC and HS-HMC elicited a more pronounced inflammatory response and induced an upregulation of genes associated with inflammation and gluconeogenesis in liver, without effects on OSi, but effects on plasma markers of inflammation diminished during the CO period.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Albornoz
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - L M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - G A Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - R Nelli
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - L K Mamedova
- Department of Animal Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - B J Bradford
- Department of Animal Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - M S Allen
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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7
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Sun Y, Allen MS, Lock AL. Culture pH interacts with corn oil concentration to affect biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids and disappearance of neutral detergent fiber in batch culture. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9870-9882. [PMID: 31447159 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Effects of culture pH and corn oil (CO) concentration on biohydrogenation (BH) of unsaturated fatty acids and disappearance of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in batch culture were evaluated in a 2 × 3 factorial design experiment. Culture vessels (100 mL; 4 replicates/treatment per time point) included ground alfalfa hay plus CO at 0, 1, or 2% dry matter inclusion rate and were incubated at pH 5.8 (low pH) or 6.2 (high pH) for 0, 6, 12, 18, or 24 h. Effects of culture pH, CO, time, and their interactions were determined. Adding CO increased total fatty acid concentration in substrates to 1.01, 2.31, and 3.58% dry matter for 0, 1, and 2% CO, respectively. Corn oil concentration interacted with culture pH and resulted in different effects on BH of cis-9,cis-12 18:2 at low or high culture pH. After 24 h of incubation, low pH, compared with high pH, reduced disappearance of NDF by 35% and BH extent of cis-9,cis-12 18:2 by 31%. Increasing CO increased disappearance of NDF across pH treatments and decreased BH extent of cis-9,cis-12 18:2 at low pH and increased it at high pH over 24 h. Compared with high pH, low pH reduced concentrations of 18:0 by 31% and increased concentrations of trans-10,cis-12 18:2 and trans-10 18:1 by 110 and 79% after 24 h, respectively. Adding CO at low pH had greater effect on BH intermediates of cis-9,cis-12 18:2 compared with adding oil at high pH. In particular, increasing CO to 1 and 2% DM at low pH, compared with at high pH, resulted in a 36 and 46% reduction in the concentration of 18:0, an 84 and 131% increase in the concentration of trans-10,cis-12 18:2, and an 81 and 129% increase in the concentration of trans-10 18:1, respectively. Despite the interactions between culture pH and CO concentration, main effects across time were also significant for the response variables of interest. In conclusion, culture pH interacted with CO concentration to affect BH of UFA and disappearance of NDF in batch culture, as the effects were greater at low culture pH than at high culture pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - M S Allen
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - A L Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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8
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Allen MS, Sousa DO, VandeHaar MJ. Equation to predict feed intake response by lactating cows to factors related to the filling effect of rations. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:7961-7969. [PMID: 31326178 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to predict the dry matter intake (DMI) response during ration formulation to factors related to the filling effect of rations and their interaction with milk yield (MY) by lactating cows past peak lactation. A data set was developed consisting of 134 treatment means from 34 experiments reported in 32 peer-reviewed articles published from 1990 through 2015. The data set included data for cows ranging from 60 to 309 d postpartum with mean DMI ranging from 17.6 to 30.6 kg/d and MY ranging from 20.3 to 51.1 kg/d. Ration composition among treatments ranged from 12.7 to 21.8% of dry matter (DM) for crude protein, 11.5 to 31.0% of DM for acid detergent fiber (ADF), 25.5 to 48.2% of DM for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 9.9 to 39.3% of DM for forage NDF (FNDF), and 0.45 to 0.84 for the ratio of ADF% to NDF% (ADF/NDF). Laboratory measures of digestibility of NDF (in vitro or in situ, FNDFD) for the sole or major forage ranged from 24.1 to 72.7%. The model included the random effect of study to account for various experiment-specific effects including different methods of measurement of NDF and FNDFD among studies. The full model also included linear and quadratic effects of crude protein, ADF, NDF, FNDF, ADF/NDF, and FNDFD, as well as their linear and quadratic interactions, and mean MY for each study and its interaction with ration factors. The proposed prediction equation is DMI (kg/d) = 12.0 - 0.107 × FNDF + 8.17 × ADF/NDF + 0.0253 × FNDFD - 0.328 × (ADF/NDF - 0.602) × (FNDFD - 48.3) + 0.225 × MY + 0.00390 × (FNDFD - 48.3) × (MY - 33.1) with mean bias = 0.00 kg/d, root mean square error = 1.55 kg/d, and concordance correlation coefficient = 0.827. Dry matter intake was positively related to MY and ADF/NDF and negatively related to FNDF, and FNDFD was positively related to DMI for cows with high MY but negatively related to MY for cows with low MY. In addition, DMI was positively related to FNDFD for low ADF/NDF but negatively related to FNDFD for high ADF/NDF. The ADF/NDF was included to represent differences in forage fragility between grasses and legumes. The proposed model was compared with the equation recommended by the National Research Council (2001) that was developed using only animal factors by fitting each equation to a subset of the data set that included the required inputs for both. The National Research Council (2001) equation without diet factors had a higher root mean square error and over-predicted DMI at high DMI and under-predicted DMI at low DMI. Our proposed equation should be useful to predict DMI response to factors related to the filling effects of rations during ration formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Allen
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
| | - D O Sousa
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900 Brazil
| | - M J VandeHaar
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
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9
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de Souza RA, Tempelman RJ, Allen MS, VandeHaar MJ. Updating predictions of dry matter intake of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:7948-7960. [PMID: 31326181 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to model dry matter intake (DMI) by Holstein dairy cows based on milk energy (MilkE), body weight (BW), change in BW (ΔBW), body condition score (BCS), height, days in milk (DIM), and parity (primiparous and multiparous). Our database included 31,631 weekly observations on 2,791 cows enrolled in 52 studies from 8 states of the United States, mostly in the Upper Midwest. The means ± standard deviations of these variables were 24 ± 5 kg of DMI, 30 ± 6 Mcal of MilkE/d, 624 ± 83 kg of BW, 0.24 ± 1.50 kg of ΔBW/d, 3.0 ± 0.5 BCS, 149 ± 6 cm height, and 102 ± 45 DIM. Data analysis was performed using a mixed-effects model containing location, study within location, diet within study, and location and cow within study as random effects, whereas the fixed effects included the linear effects of the covariates described previously and all possible 2-way interactions between parity and the other covariates. A nonlinear (NLIN) mixed model analysis was developed using a 2-step approach for computational tractability. In the first step, we used a linear (LIN) model component of the NLIN model to predict DMI using only data from mid-lactation dairy cows (76-175 DIM) without including information on DIM. In the second step, a nonlinear adjustment for DIM using all data from 0 to 368 DIM was estimated. Additionally, this NLIN model was compared with an LIN model containing a fourth-order polynomial for DIM using data throughout the entire lactation (0-368 DIM) to assess the utility of an NLIN model for the prediction of DMI. In summary, a total of 8 candidate models were evaluated as follows: 4 ways to express energy required for maintenance (BW, BW0.75, BW adjusted for a BCS of 3, and BW0.75 adjusted for a BCS of 3) × 2 modeling strategies (LIN vs. NLIN). The candidate models were compared using a 5-fold across-studies cross-validation approach repeated 20 times with the best-fitting model chosen as the proposed model. The metrics used for evaluation were the mean bias, slope bias, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP). The proposed prediction equation was DMI (kg/d) = [(3.7 + parity × 5.7) + 0.305 × MilkE (Mcal/d) + 0.022 × BW (kg) + (-0.689 + parity × -1.87) × BCS] × [1 - (0.212 + parity × 0.136) × exp(-0.053 × DIM)] (mean bias = 0.021 kg, slope bias = 0.059, CCC = 0.72, and RMSEP = 2.89 kg), where parity is equal to 1 if the animal is multiparous and 0 otherwise. Finally, the proposed model was compared against the Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle (2001) prediction equation for DMI using an independent data set of 9,050 weekly observations on 1,804 Holstein cows. The proposed model had smaller mean bias and RMSEP and higher CCC than the Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle equation to predict DMI and has potential to improve diet formulation for lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - R J Tempelman
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - M S Allen
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - M J VandeHaar
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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10
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Albornoz RI, Harvatine KJ, Allen MS. Diet starch concentration and starch fermentability affect energy intake and energy balance of cows in the early postpartum period. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5161-5171. [PMID: 30981484 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of diet starch concentration and fermentability on energy intake and energy balance during the early postpartum (PP) period. Fifty-two multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatment rations were formulated to 22% or 28% starch concentration (LS and HS, respectively) with dry ground corn (DGC) or high moisture corn (HMC) as the primary starch source. Rations were formulated for 22% forage neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 17% crude protein and fed from 1 to 23 d PP. Starch concentration was adjusted by altering concentrations of corn grain and soyhulls. Dry matter intake and milk yield were measured daily, and milk components, milk composition, body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), and back fat thickness (BFT) were measured weekly. Feeds and refusals as well as fecal samples were collected, and digestibility was determined weekly. High moisture corn (HMC) decreased dry matter and net energy (NEL) intakes compared with DGC more when included in an HS diet (3.9 kg/d and 3.2 Mcal/d) than in an LS diet (0.9 kg/d and 0.6 Mcal/d). The HMC treatment decreased NDF digestibility 3.7 percentage units compared with DGC when included in the HS diet but had little effect when included in an LS diet. Compared with DGC, HMC increased weekly BW and BFT loss when included in an HS diet (-34.7 vs. -8.4 kg/wk and -0.12 vs. -0.10 cm/wk) and decreased weekly BW loss but increased weekly BFT loss when included in an LS diet (-18.9 vs. -21.4 kg/wk and -0.11 vs. -0.02 cm/wk). Weekly BCS loss increased for HMC compared with DGC (-0.33 vs. -0.23 unit/wk). High moisture corn also decreased milk NEL output compared with DGC (28.2 vs. 31 Mcal/d), but had little effect on energy balance, which was improved by HS compared with LS (-14.7 vs. -16.8 Mcal/d). Over time, concentrations of milk de novo fatty acids (<16 carbons) increased and concentration of milk preformed fatty acids (>16 carbons) decreased for all treatments, but yields of both sources as well as yield of mixed fatty acids (C16:0 plus C16:1 cis-9 and iso-C16:0) decreased over time with increased SF. Feeding HMC decreased energy intake and milk energy output, but it had little effect on energy balance during the early PP period.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Albornoz
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - K J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - M S Allen
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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11
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Salfer IJ, Morelli MC, Ying Y, Allen MS, Harvatine KJ. The effects of source and concentration of dietary fiber, starch, and fatty acids on the daily patterns of feed intake, rumination, and rumen pH in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10911-10921. [PMID: 30316599 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The daily patterns of feed intake and rumination influence rumen fermentation, rumen pH, and timing of absorbed nutrients in the dairy cow, but the effects of diet composition on these patterns are not well characterized. Data from 3 previously published experiments were examined to determine the influence of dietary starch, fiber, and fatty acids (FA) on daily patterns of intake, rumination, and rumen pH. Dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and starch were investigated in 2 experiments, each with duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square designs with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in cows fed cows 1×/d at 1200 and 1400 h, respectively. To investigate fiber content and digestibility in the first experiment, brown midrib or isogenic conventional corn silage were fed in low- and high-NDF diets (29 and 38%, respectively). To investigate starch source and concentration in the second experiment, ground high-moisture corn or dry ground corn were fed in low- and high-starch diets (21 and 32%, respectively). Effect of fat concentration and saturation was investigated in the third experiment using a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design that fed cows 1×/d at 0900 h; treatments included a control diet with no added fat and 2.5% added saturated FA, unsaturated FA, or a mixture of the saturated and unsaturated FA. In the first 2 experiments, intake followed a similar daily pattern regardless of starch and NDF concentration or digestibility. Rumination displayed a treatment by time interaction for both NDF and starch concentration, with high-fiber, low-starch diets causing greater rumination overnight but not midday. High-starch diets decreased total daily rumen pH equally across the day, but did not change the daily pattern. Type of corn silage did not affect the daily patterns of rumination or rumen pH, but pH was reduced throughout the day in brown midrib diets. In the third experiment, no interactions between fatty acid supplement and time of day were observed for intake, rumination, or rumen pH. Within all experiments, rumination fit or tended to fit a 24-h rhythm regardless of diet, with the amplitude of the rumination being reduced in low-starch diets and diets containing saturated FA or a mixture of saturated and unsaturated FA. Overall, intake, rumination, and rumen pH follow a daily pattern that was minimally modified by dietary fiber and starch type and level or fat level and fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Salfer
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park 16802
| | - M C Morelli
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park 16802
| | - Y Ying
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park 16802
| | - M S Allen
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1225
| | - K J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park 16802.
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12
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Castagnino DS, Seck M, Longuski RA, Ying Y, Allen MS, Gervais R, Chouinard PY, Girard CL. Particle size and endosperm type of dry corn grain altered duodenal flow of B vitamins in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:9841-9846. [PMID: 30197133 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the experiment was to determine if factors such as endosperm type (floury vs. vitreous) and particle size (fine vs. medium) of dry corn grain, known to affect starch digestibility in the rumen, modify apparent ruminal synthesis and duodenal flow of B vitamins in lactating dairy cows. Eight lactating multiparous Holstein cows equipped with rumen and duodenal cannulas were assigned randomly to a treatment sequence according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in duplicate 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment. Duration of each experimental period was 21 d. When expressed per unit of dry matter intake (DMI), floury treatments increased duodenal flow and apparent ruminal synthesis of niacin and folates but tended to increase apparent degradation of thiamin in the rumen. Duodenal flow of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folates, and vitamin B12, expressed per unit of DMI, decreased with an increase in particle size. Similarly, apparent degradation of thiamin and riboflavin was greater and apparent synthesis of niacin, folates, and vitamin B12 was reduced when cows were fed coarser dry corn grain particles. Neither endosperm type nor particle size had an effect on duodenal flow and apparent ruminal synthesis of vitamin B6. Apparent ruminal syntheses, expressed per unit of DMI, of all studied B vitamins but thiamin were negatively correlated with apparent ruminal digestibility of neutral detergent fiber. Duodenal flow of microbial N was positively correlated with apparent ruminal synthesis of riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, and folates. Under the conditions of the present experiment, except for thiamin, the effects of factors increasing starch digestibility of dry corn grain in the rumen on the amounts of B vitamins available for absorption by the dairy cow seem to be mediated through differences on ruminal digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and, to a lesser extent, on duodenal microbial N flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Castagnino
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, J1M 0C8; Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - M Seck
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, J1M 0C8; Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - R A Longuski
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1225
| | - Y Ying
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1225
| | - M S Allen
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1225
| | - R Gervais
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - P Y Chouinard
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - C L Girard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, J1M 0C8.
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13
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Greig K, Gosling A, Collins CJ, Boocock J, McDonald K, Addison DJ, Allen MS, David B, Gibbs M, Higham CFW, Liu F, McNiven IJ, O'Connor S, Tsang CH, Walter R, Matisoo-Smith E. Complex history of dog (Canis familiaris) origins and translocations in the Pacific revealed by ancient mitogenomes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9130. [PMID: 29904060 PMCID: PMC6002536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaeological evidence suggests that dogs were introduced to the islands of Oceania via Island Southeast Asia around 3,300 years ago, and reached the eastern islands of Polynesia by the fourteenth century AD. This dispersal is intimately tied to human expansion, but the involvement of dogs in Pacific migrations is not well understood. Our analyses of seven new complete ancient mitogenomes and five partial mtDNA sequences from archaeological dog specimens from Mainland and Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific suggests at least three dog dispersal events into the region, in addition to the introduction of dingoes to Australia. We see an early introduction of dogs to Island Southeast Asia, which does not appear to extend into the islands of Oceania. A shared haplogroup identified between Iron Age Taiwanese dogs, terminal-Lapita and post-Lapita dogs suggests that at least one dog lineage was introduced to Near Oceania by or as the result of interactions with Austronesian language speakers associated with the Lapita Cultural Complex. We did not find any evidence that these dogs were successfully transported beyond New Guinea. Finally, we identify a widespread dog clade found across the Pacific, including the islands of Polynesia, which likely suggests a post-Lapita dog introduction from southern Island Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Greig
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - A Gosling
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - C J Collins
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - J Boocock
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, 90024, United States of America
| | - K McDonald
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - D J Addison
- Archaeology Department, American Samoa Power Authority, PO Box 2545, Pago Pago, AS 96799, American Samoa, USA
| | - M S Allen
- Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - B David
- Monash Indigenous Studies Centre, Monash University, 20 Chancellors Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity & Heritage, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - M Gibbs
- School of Humanities, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - C F W Higham
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - F Liu
- Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - I J McNiven
- Monash Indigenous Studies Centre, Monash University, 20 Chancellors Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity & Heritage, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - S O'Connor
- Archaeology & Natural History, School of Culture History & Language, College of Asia & the Pacific, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity & Heritage, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - C H Tsang
- Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - R Walter
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - E Matisoo-Smith
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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14
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Laborde S, Allen MS, Göhring N, Dosseville F. The effect of slow-paced breathing on stress management in adolescents with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 2017; 61:560-567. [PMID: 27933677 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intellectual disabilities often create a state of chronic stress for both the person concerned and their significant others (family, caregivers). The development of stress management methods is therefore important for the reduction of stress in persons with intellectual disability. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of slow-paced breathing on stress symptoms experienced by adolescents with intellectual disabilities during a cognitive task under time pressure. METHOD Fourteen adolescents with intellectual disabilities (Mage = 17.39 years, range 15-19 years) took part in two laboratory sessions - a slow-paced breathing session (experimental condition) and an audiobook session (control condition) - the order of which was counterbalanced across participants. Vagal tone was measured through heart rate variability to index stress management. RESULTS No difference in vagal tone was observed at baseline between experimental and control conditions. Compared with the control condition, vagal tone was significantly higher during the experimental condition. CONCLUSIONS The slow-paced breathing task enhanced stress management to a greater extent than did listening to an audiobook. Slow-paced breathing seems to be an easy to learn stress management technique that appears as an effective auxiliary method of lowering stress in adolescents with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laborde
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Performance Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- University of Caen, Caen, France
| | - M S Allen
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - N Göhring
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Performance Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Rico JE, de Souza J, Allen MS, Lock AL. Nutrient digestibility and milk production responses to increasing levels of palmitic acid supplementation vary in cows receiving diets with or without whole cottonseed. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:436-446. [PMID: 28177348 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study evaluated the dose-dependent effects of a palmitic acid-enriched supplement in basal diets with or without the inclusion of whole cottonseed on nutrient digestibility and production responses of dairy cows. Sixteen Holstein cows (149 ± 56 days in milk) were used in a split plot Latin square design experiment. Cows were blocked by 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM) and allocated to a main plot receiving either a basal diet with soyhulls (SH, = 8) or a basal diet with whole cottonseed (CS, = 8) that was fed throughout the experiment. A palmitic acid-enriched supplement (PA 88.5% C16:0) was fed at 0, 0.75, 1.50, or 2.25% of ration DM in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design within each basal diet group. Periods were 14 d with the final 4 d used for data collection. PA dose increased milk fat content linearly, and cubically affected yields of milk fat and 3.5% FCM. The PA dose did not affect milk protein and lactose contents, BW, and BCS, but tended to increase yields of milk, milk protein, and milk lactose. Also, PA dose reduced DMI and 16-carbon fatty acid digestibility quadratically, and increased 18-carbon fatty acid digestibility quadratically. There were no effects of basal diet on the yield of milk or milk components, but DMI tended to decrease in CS compared with SH, increasing feed efficiency (3.5% FCM/DMI). Compared with SH, CS diets increased yield of preformed milk fatty acids and 16-carbon fatty acid digestibility, and tended to decrease 18-carbon fatty acid digestibility. We observed basal diet × PA dose interactions for yields of milk and milk protein and for 16-carbon and total fatty acid digestibility, as well as tendency for yields of milk fat and 3.5% FCM. Also, there was a tendency for an interaction between basal diet and PA dose for NDF digestibility, which increased more for CS with increasing PA than for SH. PA dose linearly decreased digestibility of total fatty acids in SH diets but did not affect it in CS diets Results demonstrate that responses to PA dose are affected by the dietary basal diet. Additionally, the decrease in fatty acid digestibility only in the SH diets suggests that digestibility is impacted mainly by the profile of 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids reaching the duodenum. Under the dietary conditions evaluated, the yield of 3.5% FCM and milk fat were optimal when PA was fed at 1.5% of ration DM.
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16
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Rico JE, de Souza J, Allen MS, Lock AL. Nutrient digestibility and milk production responses to increasing levels of palmitic acid supplementation vary in cows receiving diets with or without whole cottonseed. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Liu R, Dev S, Zhong Y, Lu R, Streyer W, Allen JW, Allen MS, Wenner BR, Gong S, Wasserman D. Enhanced responsivity resonant RF photodetectors. Opt Express 2016; 24:26044-26054. [PMID: 27857343 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.026044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The responsivity of room-temperature, semiconductor-based photodetectors consisting of resonant RF circuits coupled to microstrip buslines is investigated. The dependence of the photodetector response on the semiconductor material and RF circuit geometry is presented, as is the detector response as a function of the spatial position of the incident light. We demonstrate significant improvement in detector response by choice of photoconductive material, and for a given material, by positioning our optical signal to overlap with positions of RF field enhancement. Design of RF circuits with strong field enhancement are demonstrated to further improve detector response. The improved detector response demonstrated offers opportunities for applications in RF photonics, materials metrology, or single read-out multiplexed detector arrays.
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18
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Dickinson KJ, Buttar N, Wong Kee Song LM, Gostout CJ, Cassivi SD, Allen MS, Nichols FC, Shen KR, Wigle DA, Blackmon SH. Utility of endoscopic therapy in the management of Boerhaave syndrome. Endosc Int Open 2016; 4:E1146-E1150. [PMID: 27853740 PMCID: PMC5110344 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-117215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aims: The optimal intervention for Boerhaave perforation has not been determined. Options include surgical repair with/without a pedicled muscle flap, T tube placement, esophageal resection or diversion, or an endoscopic approach. All management strategies require adequate drainage and nutritional support. Our aim was to evaluate outcomes following Boerhaave perforation treated with surgery, endoscopic therapy, or both. Patients and methods: We performed a 10-year review of our prospectively maintained databases of adult patients with Boerhaave perforations. We documented clinical presentation, extent of injury, primary intervention, "salvage" treatment (any treatment for persistent leak), and outcome. Results were analyzed using the Fisher's exact and Kruskal - Wallis tests. Results: Between October 2004 and October 2014, 235 patients presented with esophageal leak/fistula with 17 Boerhaave perforations. Median age was 68 years. Median length of perforation was 1.25 cm (range 0.8 - 5 cm). Four patients presented with systemic sepsis (two treated with palliative stent and two surgically). Primary endotherapy was performed for eight (50 %) and primary surgery for eight (50 %) patients. Two endotherapy patients required multiple stents. Median stent duration was 61 days (range 56 - 76). "Salvage" intervention was required in 2/8 (25 %) endotherapy patients and 1/8 (13 %) surgery patient (stent). All patients healed without resection/reconstruction. There were no deaths in the surgically treated group and two in the endotherapy group (stented with palliative intent due to poor systemic condition). Readmission within 30 days occurred in 3/6 of alive endotherapy patients (50 %) and 0/8 surgery patients. Re-intervention within 30 days was required for one endotherapy patient. Conclusion: Endoscopic repair of Boerhaave perforations can be useful in carefully selected patients without evidence of systemic sepsis. Endoscopic therapy such as stenting is particularly valuable as a "salvage" intervention. The benefits of endoscopic therapy and esophageal preservation are offset against an increased risk of readmission in patients primarily treated endoscopically.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. J. Dickinson
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - N. Buttar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - C. J. Gostout
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S. D. Cassivi
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M. S. Allen
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - F. C. Nichols
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K. R. Shen
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D. A. Wigle
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S. H. Blackmon
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Corresponding author Shanda H. Blackmon, MD MPH Division of General Thoracic SurgeryMayo Clinic200 First St, SWRochesterMN 55905USA+1-507-284-0058
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19
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Potts SB, Boerman JP, Lock AL, Allen MS, VandeHaar MJ. Relationship between residual feed intake and digestibility for lactating Holstein cows fed high and low starch diets. J Dairy Sci 2016; 100:265-278. [PMID: 28341046 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We determined if differences in digestibility among cows explained variation in residual feed intake (RFI) in 4 crossover design experiments. Lactating Holstein cows (n=109; 120±30d in milk; mean ± SD) were fed diets high (HS) or low (LS) in starch. The HS diets were 30% (±1.8%) starch and 27% (±1.2%) neutral detergent fiber (NDF); LS diets were 14% (±2.2%) starch and 40% (±5.3%) NDF. Each experiment consisted of two 28-d treatment periods, with apparent total-tract digestibility measured using indigestible NDF as an internal marker during the last 5d of each period. Individual cow dry matter (DM) intake and milk yield were recorded daily, body weight was measured 3 to 5 times per week, and milk components were analyzed 2 d/wk. Individual DM intake was regressed on milk energy output, metabolic body weight, body energy gain, and fixed effects of parity, experiment, cohort (a group of cows that received treatments in the same sequence) nested within experiment, and diet nested within cohort and experiment, with the residual being RFI. High RFI cows ate more than expected and were deemed less efficient. Residual feed intake correlated negatively with digestibility of starch for both HS (r=-0.31) and LS (r=-0.23) diets, and with digestibilities of DM (r=-0.30) and NDF (r=-0.23) for LS diets but was not correlated with DM or NDF digestibility for HS diets. For each cohort within an experiment, cows were classified as high RFI (HRFI; >0.5 SD), medium RFI (MRFI; ±0.5 SD), and low RFI (LRFI; <-0.5 SD). Digestibility of DM was similar (~66%) among HRFI and LRFI for HS diets but greater for LRFI when fed LS diets (64 vs. 62%). For LS diets, digestibility of DM could account for up to 31% of the differences among HRFI and LRFI for apparent diet energy density, as determined from individual cow performance, indicating that digestibility explains some of the between-animal differences for the ability to convert gross energy into net energy. Some of the differences in digestibility between HRFI and LRFI were expected because cows with high RFI eat at a greater multiple of maintenance, and greater intake is associated with increased passage rate and digestibility depression. Based on these data, we conclude that a cow's digestive ability explains none of the variation in RFI for cows eating high starch diets but 9 to 31% of the variation in RFI when cows are fed low starch diets. Perhaps differences in other metabolic processes, such as tissue turnover, heat production, or others related to maintenance, can account for more variation in RFI than digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Potts
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - J P Boerman
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - A L Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - M S Allen
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - M J VandeHaar
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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20
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Rice TW, Apperson-Hansen C, DiPaola LM, Semple ME, Lerut TEMR, Orringer MB, Chen LQ, Hofstetter WL, Smithers BM, Rusch VW, Wijnhoven BPL, Chen KN, Davies AR, D’Journo XB, Kesler KA, Luketich JD, Ferguson MK, Räsänen JV, van Hillegersberg R, Fang W, Durand L, Allum WH, Cecconello I, Cerfolio RJ, Pera M, Griffin SM, Burger R, Liu JF, Allen MS, Law S, Watson TJ, Darling GE, Scott WJ, Duranceau A, Denlinger CE, Schipper PH, Ishwaran H, Blackstone EH. Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration: clinical staging data. Dis Esophagus 2016; 29:707-714. [PMID: 27731549 PMCID: PMC5591441 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To address uncertainty of whether clinical stage groupings (cTNM) for esophageal cancer share prognostic implications with pathologic groupings after esophagectomy alone (pTNM), we report data-simple descriptions of patient characteristics, cancer categories, and non-risk-adjusted survival-for clinically staged patients from the Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration (WECC). Thirty-three institutions from six continents submitted data using variables with standard definitions: demographics, comorbidities, clinical cancer categories, and all-cause mortality from first management decision. Of 22,123 clinically staged patients, 8,156 had squamous cell carcinoma, 13,814 adenocarcinoma, 116 adenosquamous carcinoma, and 37 undifferentiated carcinoma. Patients were older (62 years) men (80%) with normal body mass index (18.5-25 mg/kg2 , 47%), little weight loss (2.4 ± 7.8 kg), 0-1 ECOG performance status (67%), and history of smoking (67%). Cancers were cT1 (12%), cT2 (22%), cT3 (56%), cN0 (44%), cM0 (95%), and cG2-G3 (89%); most involved the distal esophagus (73%). Non-risk-adjusted survival for squamous cell carcinoma was not distinctive for early cT or cN; for adenocarcinoma, it was distinctive for early versus advanced cT and for cN0 versus cN+. Patients with early cancers had worse survival and those with advanced cancers better survival than expected from equivalent pathologic categories based on prior WECC pathologic data. Thus, clinical and pathologic categories do not share prognostic implications. This makes clinically based treatment decisions difficult and pre-treatment prognostication inaccurate. These data will be the basis for the 8th edition cancer staging manuals following risk adjustment for patient characteristics, cancer categories, and treatment characteristics and should direct 9th edition data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - L.-Q. Chen
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - B. M. Smithers
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - V. W. Rusch
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - K. A. Kesler
- Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - J. D. Luketich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M. K. Ferguson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - W. Fang
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - L. Durand
- Hospital de Clinicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - W. H. Allum
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - R. J. Cerfolio
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - M. Pera
- Hospital Universitario del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - R. Burger
- Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J.-F Liu
- Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | | | - S. Law
- University of Hong Kong Medical Center, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - T. J. Watson
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - W. J. Scott
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A. Duranceau
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - C. E. Denlinger
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - P. H. Schipper
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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21
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Albornoz RI, Allen MS. 0755 Diet starch content and fermentability affects feed intake and milk yield of cows in the postpartum period. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Yair R, Allen MS. 1508 The effect of fructose infusion on dry matter intake in dairy cattle. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Rice TW, Chen LQ, Hofstetter WL, Smithers BM, Rusch VW, Wijnhoven BPL, Chen KL, Davies AR, D'Journo XB, Kesler KA, Luketich JD, Ferguson MK, Räsänen JV, van Hillegersberg R, Fang W, Durand L, Cecconello I, Allum WH, Cerfolio RJ, Pera M, Griffin SM, Burger R, Liu JF, Allen MS, Law S, Watson TJ, Darling GE, Scott WJ, Duranceau A, Denlinger CE, Schipper PH, Lerut TEMR, Orringer MB, Ishwaran H, Apperson-Hansen C, DiPaola LM, Semple ME, Blackstone EH. Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration: pathologic staging data. Dis Esophagus 2016; 29:724-733. [PMID: 27731547 PMCID: PMC5731491 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report data-simple descriptions of patient characteristics, cancer categories, and non-risk-adjusted survival-for patients with pathologically staged cancer of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction after resection or ablation with no preoperative therapy from the Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration (WECC). Thirty-three institutions from six continents submitted de-identified data using standard definitions: demographics, comorbidities, clinical cancer categories, and all-cause mortality from first management decision. Of 13,300 patients, 5,631 had squamous cell carcinoma, 7,558 adenocarcinoma, 85 adenosquamous carcinoma, and 26 undifferentiated carcinoma. Patients were older (62 years) men (80%) with normal body mass index (51%), little weight loss (1.8 kg), 0-2 ECOG performance status (83%), and a history of smoking (70%). Cancers were pT1 (24%), pT2 (15%), pT3 (50%), pN0 (52%), pM0 (93%), and pG2-G3 (78%); most involved distal esophagus (71%). Non-risk-adjusted survival for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma was monotonic and distinctive across pTNM. Survival was more distinctive for adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma when pT was ordered by pN. Survival for pTis-1 adenocarcinoma was better than for squamous cell carcinoma, although monotonic and distinctive for both. WECC pathologic staging data is improved over that of the 7th edition, with more patients studied and patient and cancer variables collected. These data will be the basis for the 8th edition cancer staging manuals following risk adjustment for patient, cancer, and treatment characteristics, and should direct 9th edition data collection. However, the role of pure pathologic staging as the principal point of reference for esophageal cancer staging is waning.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Rice
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - L-Q Chen
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W L Hofstetter
- University of Texas MD Anderson Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - B M Smithers
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - V W Rusch
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - K L Chen
- Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - A R Davies
- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals, London, England
| | | | - K A Kesler
- Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - J D Luketich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M K Ferguson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - J V Räsänen
- Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - W Fang
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - L Durand
- Hospital de Clinicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Cecconello
- University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - W H Allum
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R J Cerfolio
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - M Pera
- Hospital Universitario del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S M Griffin
- University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - R Burger
- University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J-F Liu
- Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - M S Allen
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - S Law
- University of Hong Kong Medical Center, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - T J Watson
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - G E Darling
- Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W J Scott
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Duranceau
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - C E Denlinger
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - P H Schipper
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - M B Orringer
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - H Ishwaran
- University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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24
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Gualdron-Duarte LB, Allen MS. 1153 Propionic acid decreased hepatic acetyl CoA content compared with glycerol within the timeframe of meals when infused abomasally. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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25
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Maldini G, Allen MS, Kennedy KM. 0751 Temporal effects of ruminal propionate infusion on feeding behavior of Holstein cows in the postpartum period. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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26
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Gualdron-Duarte LB, Allen MS. 0735 Effects of fuels derived from starch digestion on feeding behavior of cows in the postpartum period. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Sun Y, Allen MS, Lock AL. 1510 Production level of dairy cows affects the extent of diet-induced milk fat depression. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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28
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de Souza J, Tempelman RJ, Allen MS, Lock AL. 1312 Production response, nutrient digestibility, and energy partitioning of post-peak dairy cows when palmitic acid-enriched supplements are included in diets: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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29
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Rice TW, Lerut TEMR, Orringer MB, Chen LQ, Hofstetter WL, Smithers BM, Rusch VW, van Lanschot J, Chen KN, Davies AR, D’Journo XB, Kesler KA, Luketich JD, Ferguson MK, Rasanen JV, van Hillegersberg R, Fang W, Durand L, Allum WH, Cecconello I, Cerfolio RJ, Pera M, Griffin SM, Burger R, Liu JF, Allen MS, Law S, Watson TJ, Darling GE, Scott WJ, Duranceau A, Denlinger CE, Schipper PH, Ishwaran H, Apperson-Hansen C, DiPaola LM, Semple ME, Blackstone EH. Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration: neoadjuvant pathologic staging data. Dis Esophagus 2016; 29:715-723. [PMID: 27731548 PMCID: PMC5528175 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To address uncertainty of whether pathologic stage groupings after neoadjuvant therapy (ypTNM) for esophageal cancer share prognostic implications with pathologic groupings after esophagectomy alone (pTNM), we report data-simple descriptions of patient characteristics, cancer categories, and non-risk-adjusted survival-for pathologically staged cancers after neoadjuvant therapy from the Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration (WECC). Thirty-three institutions from six continents submitted data using variables with standard definitions: demographics, comorbidities, clinical cancer categories, and all-cause mortality from first management decision. Of 7,773 pathologically staged neoadjuvant patients, 2,045 had squamous cell carcinoma, 5,686 adenocarcinoma, 31 adenosquamous carcinoma, and 11 undifferentiated carcinoma. Patients were older (61 years) men (83%) with normal (40%) or overweight (35%) body mass index, 0-1 Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (96%), and a history of smoking (69%). Cancers were ypT0 (20%), ypT1 (13%), ypT2 (18%), ypT3 (44%), ypN0 (55%), ypM0 (94%), and G2-G3 (72%); most involved the distal esophagus (80%). Non-risk-adjusted survival for yp categories was unequally depressed, more for earlier categories than later, compared with equivalent categories from prior WECC data for esophagectomy-alone patients. Thus, survival of patients with ypT0-2N0M0 cancers was intermediate and similar regardless of ypT; survival for ypN+ cancers was poor. Because prognoses for ypTNM and pTNM categories are dissimilar, prognostication should be based on separate ypTNM categories and groupings. These data will be the basis for the 8th edition cancer staging manuals following risk adjustment for patient, cancer, and treatment characteristics and should direct 9th edition data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - L.-Q. Chen
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - B. M. Smithers
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - V. W. Rusch
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - K. A. Kesler
- Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - J. D. Luketich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M. K. Ferguson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - W. Fang
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - L. Durand
- Hospital de Clinicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - W. H. Allum
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - R. J. Cerfolio
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - M. Pera
- Hospital Universitario del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - R. Burger
- Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J.-F. Liu
- Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | | | - S. Law
- University of Hong Kong Medical Center, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - T. J. Watson
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - W. J. Scott
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A. Duranceau
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - C. E. Denlinger
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - P. H. Schipper
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Sousa D, VandeHaar MJ, Allen MS. 1434 Increased forage neutral detergent fiber digestibility (in vitro or in situ) is positively related to dry matter intake and milk yield both across and within forage type. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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De Souza RA, Tempelman RJ, Allen MS, Bernard JK, Weiss B, VandeHaar MJ. 1494 Effects of animal and diet characteristics on digestibilities of dry matter, fiber, and starch in lactating cows. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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32
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Piantoni P, Ylioja CM, Allen MS. Feed intake is related to changes in plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration and hepatic acetyl CoA content following feeding in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015. [PMID: 26210272 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between hepatic acetyl CoA (AcCoA) content and dry matter intake (DMI) was evaluated using 28 multiparous Holstein cows; 14 were early postpartum (PP; 12.6 ± 3.8 d in milk) and 14 were late-lactation cows (LL; 269 ± 30 d in milk). Cows were fed once daily, and DMI was determined for the first 4h after feeding. Liver and blood samples were collected before feeding and 4h after feeding. Feed intake over the 4-h period ranged from 3.7 to 9.6 kg of dry matter and was similar for the 2 stages of lactation. Before feeding, hepatic AcCoA content was greater for PP compared with LL cows (34.4 vs. 12.5 nmol/g), and decreased over the 4h after feeding for PP only (28.7 vs. 34.4 nmol/g). The range for change in AcCoA over the 4-h period was wide for both PP (-24.3 to 10.4 nmol/g) and LL (-5.7 to 16.1 nmol/g), and was related negatively to DMI at 4h for both PP (R(2) = 0.55) and LL (R(2) = 0.31). The reduction in plasma NEFA concentration over the 4-h period was greater for PP than LL cows (-681 vs. -47 µEq/L), and was related to DMI at 4h for both PP and LL (both R(2) = 0.38). Greater DMI among cows over the first 4h after feeding might have been from a sharper reduction in supply of AcCoA in the liver for oxidation during meals because of the reduction in plasma NEFA concentration. Consistent with this is that the change in AcCoA was positively related to the reduction in plasma NEFA concentration for PP cows (R(2) = 0.31). However, change in plasma NEFA concentration was not related to change in hepatic AcCoA in LL cows, indicating that the pool of AcCoA in LL cows is not as dependent on NEFA flux to the liver as that of PP cows. Further research is required to determine production and fate of AcCoA within the timeframe of meals and the effects of feeding on energy charge in hepatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Piantoni
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - C M Ylioja
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - M S Allen
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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33
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Boerman JP, Potts SB, VandeHaar MJ, Allen MS, Lock AL. Milk production responses to a change in dietary starch concentration vary by production level in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:4698-706. [PMID: 25981075 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary starch concentration on yield of milk and milk components were evaluated in a crossover design experiment. Holstein cows (n=32; 115±22 d in milk) with a wide range in milk yield (28 to 62kg/d) were assigned randomly within level of milk yield to a treatment sequence. Treatments were diets containing 30% dry ground corn (CG) or 30% soyhulls (SH) on a DM basis. Diets containing corn silage and alfalfa silage were formulated to contain 16% crude protein, 24% forage neutral detergent fiber, and either 27 or 44% neutral detergent fiber and 30 or 12% starch for CG and SH, respectively. Cows were fed a diet intermediate to the treatments during a preliminary 14-d period. Treatment periods were 28 d with measurements taken throughout the period for energy calculations and the final 5 d used for data and sample collection for production variables. Compared with SH, CG increased dry matter intake, and yields of milk, milk protein, milk fat, and energy-corrected milk, as well as milk protein concentration. Treatment did not affect milk fat concentration. Yield of de novo synthesized and preformed milk fatty acids increased with CG. Treatment interacted with level of preliminary milk production for several response variables (yields of milk, milk protein, milk fat, energy-corrected milk, and 3.5% fat-corrected milk). Compared with SH, the CG treatment increased energy-corrected milk in higher-producing cows with a lesser response to CG as milk yield decreased. The CG treatment increased milk:feed compared with the SH treatment, but not body weight or body condition score. In conclusion, higher-producing cows benefited from the high-starch diet, and lower-producing cows were able to maintain production when most of the starch was replaced with nonforage fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Boerman
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - S B Potts
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - M J VandeHaar
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - M S Allen
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - A L Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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34
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Abstract
This review targets emotional intelligence (EI) in sport and physical activity. We systematically review the available literature and offer a sound theoretical integration of differing EI perspectives (the tripartite model of EI) before considering applied practice in the form of EI training. Our review identified 36 studies assessing EI in an athletic or physical activity context. EI has most often been conceptualized as a trait. In the context of sport performance, we found that EI relates to emotions, physiological stress responses, successful psychological skill usage, and more successful athletic performance. In the context of physical activity, we found that trait EI relates to physical activity levels and positive attitudes toward physical activity. There was a shortage of research into the EI of coaches, officials, and spectators, non-adult samples, and longitudinal and experimental methods. The tripartite model proposes that EI operates on three levels - knowledge, ability, and trait - and predicts an interplay between the different levels of EI. We present this framework as a promising alternative to trait and ability EI conceptualizations that can guide applied research and professional practice. Further research into EI training, measurement validation and cultural diversity is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laborde
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.,UFR STAPS, EA 4260, University of Caen, Caen, France
| | - F Dosseville
- UFR STAPS, EA 4260, University of Caen, Caen, France
| | - M S Allen
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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35
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Potts SB, Boerman JP, Lock AL, Allen MS, VandeHaar MJ. Residual feed intake is repeatable for lactating Holstein dairy cows fed high and low starch diets. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:4735-47. [PMID: 25981070 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI) is a tool to quantify feed efficiency in livestock and is commonly used to assess feed efficiency independent of production level, body weight (BW), or BW change. Lactating Holstein cows (n=109; 44 primiparous and 65 multiparous), averaging (mean ± standard deviation, SD) 665±77kg of BW, 42±9kg of milk/d, and 120±30 d postpartum, were fed diets of high (HI) or low (LO) starch content in 4 crossover experiments with two 28-d treatment periods. The LO diets were ~40% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ~14% starch and the HI diets were ~26% NDF and ~30% starch. Individual dry matter intake (DMI) of a cow was modeled as a function of milk energy output, metabolic BW, body energy change, and fixed effects of parity, experiment, cohort nested within experiment, and diet nested within cohort and experiment; RFI for each cow was the residual error term. Cows were classified as high (>0.5 SD of the mean), medium (±0.5 SD of the mean), or low (<-0.5 SD of the mean) RFI. On average, for the linear model used to determine RFI for individual cows, each unit increase in milk energy output, metabolic BW, or body energy gain was associated with 0.35, 0.09, or 0.05kg increase in DMI, respectively. When compared with LO diets, HI diets increased energy partitioning to body energy gain and tended to increase DMI. The correlation between RFI when cows were fed HI diets and RFI when cows were fed LO diets was 0.73 and was similar across each parity and experiment. Fifty-six percent of cows maintained the same RFI classification (high, medium, or low RFI) and only 4 of 109 cows changed from high RFI to low RFI or vice versa when diets were changed. Milk:feed, income over feed cost, and DMI were also highly repeatable (r=0.72, 0.84, and 0.92, respectively). We achieved significant changes in milk yield and component concentration as well as energy partitioning between HI and LO diets and still determined RFI to be repeatable across diets. We conclude that RFI is reasonably repeatable for a wide range of dietary starch levels fed to mid-lactation cows, so that cows that have low RFI when fed high corn diets will likely also have low RFI when fed diets high in nonforage fiber sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Potts
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - J P Boerman
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - A L Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - M S Allen
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - M J VandeHaar
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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36
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Camp EV, Lorenzen K, Ahrens RNM, Allen MS. Stock enhancement to address multiple recreational fisheries objectives: an integrated model applied to red drum Sciaenops ocellatus in Florida. J Fish Biol 2014; 85:1868-1889. [PMID: 25469950 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An integrated socioecological model was developed to evaluate the potential for stock enhancement with hatchery fishes to achieve socioeconomic and conservation objectives in recreational fisheries. As a case study, this model was applied to the red drum Sciaenops ocellatus recreational fishery in the Tampa Bay estuary, Florida, U.S.A. The results suggest that stocking of juvenile fish larger than the size at which the strongest density dependence in mortality occurs can help increase angler satisfaction and total fishing effort (socioeconomic objectives) but are likely to result in decreases to the abundance of wild fishes (a conservation objective). Stocking of small juveniles that are susceptible to density-dependent mortality after release does not achieve socioeconomic objectives (or only at excessive cost) but still leads to a reduction of wild fish abundance. The intensity and type of socioeconomic gains depended on assumptions of dynamic angler-effort responses and importance of catch-related satisfaction, with greatest gains possible if aggregate effort is responsive to increases in abundance and satisfaction that are greatly related to catch rates. These results emphasize the view of stock enhancement, not as a panacea but rather as a management tool with inherent costs that is best applied to recreational fisheries under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Camp
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, University of Florida, 7922 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL 32605, U.S.A
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Reinersman JM, Ferguson M, Allen MS, Deschamps C, Nichols FC, Shen R, Wigle DA, Cassivi SD. 240 * EXTERNAL VALIDATION OF THE FERGUSON PULMONARY RISK SCORE FOR PREDICTING MAJOR PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS AFTER OESOPHAGECTOMY. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu276.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Allen MS, Ferguson MM, Danzmann RG. Molecular markers for variation in spawning date in a hatchery population of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2014; 16:289-298. [PMID: 24114565 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-013-9547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We examined the distribution of alleles at 63 microsatellite loci distributed across 29 linkage groups in broodstock females from a commercial population of rainbow trout spawning on different dates throughout the season (August to January). A total of 368 females, 184 and 117 females from each of the tail-ends of the spawning distribution and a subsample of 67 females spawning in the middle, were used to detect marker-trait associations. Twenty-one loci in a subset of genomic regions (RT-5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29, 30, and 31) were significantly associated with variation in spawning date. Many of these markers localize to regions with known spawning date quantitative trait loci based on previous studies. An individual assignment analysis was used to test how well the molecular data could be used to assign individuals to their correct spawning group, and markers were given a ranking reflecting their contribution to the accuracy of assignment. The top 15 ranked markers were successful at assigning the majority of females to the correct spawning group based on genotype with an average accuracy of 76 %. The most likely genes that could contribute to these differences in spawning date are discussed. Together, these data indicate that the loci could be incorporated into a selection index with phenotype data to increase the accuracy of selection for spawning date.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Allen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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García-Sánchez A, Morales-Erasto V, Talavera-Rojas M, Robles-González F, Allen MS, Blackall PJ, Soriano-Vargas E. Phylogenetic Relationship of Serovar C-1 Isolates ofAvibacterium paragallinarum. Avian Dis 2014; 58:143-6. [DOI: 10.1637/10572-051413-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Stocks SE, Allen MS. Effects of lipid and propionic acid infusions on feed intake of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2297-304. [PMID: 24534511 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Propionic acid is more hypophagic for cows with elevated hepatic acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) concentration in the postpartum period. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the interaction of hepatic acetyl CoA concentration, which is elevated by intravenous lipid infusion, and intraruminal propionic acid infusion on feed intake and feeding behavior responses of lactating cows. Eight multiparous, ruminally cannulated, Holstein dairy cows past peak lactation were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square experiment with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were propionic acid (PI) infused intraruminally at 0.5mol/h for 18h starting 6h before feeding and behavior monitoring or sham control (CO), and intravenous jugular infusion of lipid (LI, Intralipid 20%; Baxter US, Deerfield, IL) or saline (SI, 0.9% NaCl; Baxter US) infused at 250mL/h for 12h before feeding and behavior monitoring, and then 500mL/h for 12h after feeding. Changes in plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones and hepatic acetyl CoA from before infusion until the end of infusion were evaluated. We observed a tendency for an interaction between PI and LI for the change in plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration from the preliminary day to the end of the infusion period. Infusion of propionic acid decreased dry matter intake (DMI) 15% compared with CO, but lipid infusion did not affect DMI over the 12h following feeding. Infusion of propionic acid tended to decrease hepatic acetyl CoA concentration from the preliminary day to the end of the infusion compared with CO, consistent with PI decreasing DMI by stimulating oxidation of acetyl CoA. Contrary to our expectations, LI did not increase concentration of NEFA or β-hydroxybutyrate in plasma, concentration of acetyl CoA in the liver, or milk fat yield, suggesting that the infused lipid was stored or oxidized by extra-hepatic tissues. As a result, we detected no interaction between PI and LI for DMI. Although the effect of PI on DMI was consistent with our previous results, this lipid infusion model using cows past peak lactation was not useful to simulate the lipolytic state of cows in the postpartum period in this experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Stocks
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1225
| | - M S Allen
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1225.
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Giese JA, Yoon JW, Wenner BR, Allen JW, Allen MS, Magnusson R. Guided-mode resonant coherent light absorbers. Opt Lett 2014; 39:486-488. [PMID: 24487846 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a new class of coherent perfect absorbers based on guided-mode resonance in thin semiconductor films. Using particle-swarm optimization methods, we design a thin-film amorphous silicon grating that maximizes coherent modulation of the absorbance. The optimized device exhibits a maximum scattering power of ∼94% and a power absorption limit approaching 100% at the 1550-nm wavelength.
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Lock AL, Preseault CL, Rico JE, DeLand KE, Allen MS. Feeding a C16:0-enriched fat supplement increased the yield of milk fat and improved conversion of feed to milk. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:6650-9. [PMID: 23958004 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has indicated that dietary palmitic acid (C16:0) may increase milk fat yield. The effect of a dietary C16:0-enriched fat supplement on feed intake, yield of milk and milk components, and feed efficiency was evaluated in an experiment with a crossover arrangement of treatments with 25-d periods. A fermentable starch challenge on the last 4d of each period was utilized as a split-plot within period. Sixteen mid-lactation Holstein cows (249 ± 33 d in milk) were assigned randomly to treatment sequence. Treatments were either a C16:0-enriched (~85% C16:0) fat supplement (fatty acid treatment, FAT, 2% dry matter) or a control diet (CON) containing no supplemental fat. Diets containing dry ground corn grain were fed from d 1 through 21 of each period. On the last 4d of each period, dry ground corn was replaced by high-moisture corn grain on an equivalent dry matter basis to provide a fermentable starch challenge. Response variables were averaged for d 18 to 21 (immediately before the fermentable starch challenge) and d 22 to 25 (during the fermentable starch challenge). We observed no treatment effects on milk yield or milk protein yield. The FAT treatment increased milk fat concentration from 3.88 to 4.16% and fat yield from 1.23 to 1.32 kg/d compared with CON. The FAT treatment decreased dry matter intake by 1.4 kg/d and increased conversion of feed to milk (3.5% fat-corrected milk yield/dry matter intake) by 8.6% compared with CON. The increase in milk fat yield by FAT was entirely accounted for by a 27% increase in 16-carbon fatty acid output into milk. Yields of de novo and preformed fatty acids were not affected by FAT relative to CON. The fermentable starch challenge did not affect milk fat concentration or yield. Results demonstrate the potential for a dietary C16:0-enriched fat supplement to improve milk fat concentration and yield as well as efficiency of conversion of feed to milk. Further studies are required to verify and extend these results and to determine whether responses are similar across different diets and levels of milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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Mullins CR, Mamedova LK, Carpenter AJ, Ying Y, Allen MS, Yoon I, Bradford BJ. Analysis of rumen microbial populations in lactating dairy cattle fed diets varying in carbohydrate profiles and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:5872-81. [PMID: 23849646 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The rumen microbial ecosystem is a critical factor that links diets to bovine physiology and productivity; however, information about dietary effects on microbial populations has generally been limited to small numbers of samples and qualitative assessment. To assess whether consistent shifts in microbial populations occur in response to common dietary manipulations in dairy cattle, samples of rumen contents were collected from 2 studies for analysis by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In one study, lactating Holstein cows (n=8) were fed diets in which a nonforage fiber source replaced an increasing proportion of forages and concentrates in a 4×4 Latin square design, and samples of ruminal digesta were collected at 9-h intervals over 3 d at the end of each period. In the second study, lactating Holstein cows (n=15) were fed diets with or without the inclusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) in a crossover design. In this study, rumen liquid and solid samples were collected during total rumen evacuations before and after feeding in a 42-h period. In total, 146 samples of ruminal digesta were used for microbial DNA isolation and analysis by qPCR. Validated primer sets were used to quantify total bacterial and anaerobic fungal populations as well as 12 well-studied bacterial taxa. The relative abundance of the target populations was similar to those previously reported. No significant treatment effects were observed for any target population. A significant interaction of treatment and dry matter intake was observed, however, for the abundance of Eubacterium ruminantium. Increasing dry matter intake was associated with a quadratic decrease in E. ruminantium populations in control animals but with a quadratic increase in E.ruminantium populations in cows fed SCFP. Analysis of sample time effects revealed that Fibrobacter succinogenes and fungal populations were more abundant postfeeding, whereas Ruminococcus albus tended to be more abundant prefeeding. Seven of the target taxa were more abundant in either the liquid or solid fractions of ruminal digesta. By accounting for the total mass of liquid and solid fractions in the rumen and the relative abundance of total bacteria in each fraction, it was estimated that 92% of total bacteria were found in the solid digesta fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Mullins
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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Stocks SE, Allen MS. Hypophagic effects of propionic acid are not attenuated during a 3-day infusion in the early postpartum period in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:4615-23. [PMID: 23684018 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that propionic acid was more hypophagic than acetic acid when infused intraruminally in cows in the postpartum period and that the degree of hypophagia from short-term propionic acid infusion (18 h) was related to the acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) concentration in the liver. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate adaptation over time with longer-term infusions over 3 d. Twelve multiparous cows (2-13 d postpartum) were blocked by calving date and assigned randomly to treatment sequence in a crossover design experiment. The experiment was 12 d long with covariate periods preceding each 3-d infusion period. Treatments were 1.0 M propionic acid or 1.0 M acetic acid, infused intraruminally at 0.5 mol of volatile fatty acids/h beginning 6 h before feeding and continuing for 78 h with 3 d between infusions. Propionic acid decreased dry matter intake (DMI) relative to acetic acid (15.9 vs. 17.0 kg/d). However, a period-by- treatment interaction was detected for DMI. During period 1, propionic acid decreased DMI relative to acetic acid (14.3 vs. 17.5 kg/d) because of a reduction in meal size (1.30 vs. 1.65 kg), with no effect on intermeal interval. Propionic acid decreased DMI over the first 4 h following feeding (5.86 vs. 8.23 kg) but did not affect DMI 4 to 24 h after feeding. The depression in DMI in period 1 was positively related to hepatic acetyl-CoA concentration during the covariate period. Propionic acid was increasingly more hypophagic than acetic acid as hepatic acetyl-CoA concentration was elevated. No treatment-by-day interaction for DMI was observed, suggesting little or no measurable adaptation to treatment over the 3-d infusion period. These results suggest that hypophagia from propionic acid is enhanced when hepatic acetyl-CoA concentrations are elevated, such as when cows are in a lipolytic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Stocks
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI 48824-1225, USA
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Stocks SE, Allen MS. Hypophagic effects of propionate increase with elevated hepatic acetyl coenzyme A concentration for cows in the early postpartum period. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3259-68. [PMID: 22612960 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thirty multiparous lactating dairy cows were used in a randomized block design experiment to evaluate factors related to the degree of hypophagia from intraruminal infusion of propionate. Cows between 3 and 40 d postpartum at the start of the experiment were blocked by calving date and randomly assigned to treatment. Treatments were 1.0 mol/L propionic acid or 1.0 mol/L acetic acid adjusted to pH 6 with sodium hydroxide and infused at 0.5 mol of volatile fatty acid/h from 6h before feeding until 12h after feeding. Propionate infusion decreased dry matter intake by 20.0%, total metabolizable energy intake by 22.5%, and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration by 54.3% compared with acetate infusion. Effects of treatment on dry matter intake were related to concentration of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) in the liver; hypophagic effects of propionate compared with acetate increased as liver acetyl CoA concentration increased. Hypophagic effects of propionate are greater for cows with elevated concentrations of acetyl CoA in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Stocks
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Abstract
Esophagectomy has one of the highest mortality rates among all surgical procedures. We investigated the type and frequency of complications associated with perioperative mortality after esophagectomy. We performed a retrospective review of all perioperative deaths following esophagectomy for esophageal cancer at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester from 1993 through 2009. Of 1522 esophagectomies, perioperative mortality occurred in 45 (3.0%). The majority who died were male (82%); median age was 72 years (range 46-92). The median age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity score was 6. Twenty-three (51%) underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The type of esophagectomy was transthoracic in 27 patients (60%), transhiatal in eight (18%), tri-incisional in seven (16%), left thoracoabdominal in one (2%), and transabdominal in one (2%). A mean of 3.2 major complications occurred prior to death (median 2.5, range 1-8), with the most common being pulmonary complications occurring in 30 patients (67%) and anastomotic complications in 20 (44%). The primary underlying cause of death was pulmonary complications and anastomotic complications in 18 patients (40%) each, respectively, abdominal sepsis in three (7%), fatal hemorrhage in three (7%), and pulmonary embolism, stroke and multisystem organ failure in one each (2%), respectively. Patients died a median of 19 days (range 3-98) following esophagectomy. Most patients who died following esophagectomy experienced multiple serious complications rather than a single causative event. Major pulmonary and anastomotic complications were implicated in the vast majority of perioperative mortality, and should remain the focus of efforts to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schieman
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Fibla JJ, Cassivi SD, Decker PA, Allen MS, Darling GE, Landreneau RJ, McKenna RJ, Jones DR, Inculet RI, Putnam JB. Validation of the lung cancer staging system revisions using a large prospective clinical trial database (ACOSOG Z0030). J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.7021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Allen MS, Bradford BJ, Oba M. Board Invited Review: The hepatic oxidation theory of the control of feed intake and its application to ruminants. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:3317-34. [PMID: 19648500 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed and energy intake of ruminant animals can change dramatically in response to changes in diet composition or metabolic state, and such changes are poorly predicted by traditional models of feed intake regulation. Recent work suggests that temporal patterns of fuel absorption, mobilization, and metabolism affect feed intake in ruminants by altering meal size and frequency. Research with nonruminants suggests that meals can be terminated by signals carried from the liver to the brain via afferents in the vagus nerve and that these signals are affected by hepatic oxidation of fuels and generation of ATP. We find these results consistent with the effects of diet on feed intake of ruminants. Of fuels metabolized by the ruminant liver, propionate is likely a primary satiety signal because its flux to the liver increases greatly during meals. Propionate is utilized for gluconeogenesis or oxidized in the liver and stimulates oxidation of acetyl CoA. Although propionate is extensively metabolized by the ruminant liver, there is little net metabolism of acetate or glucose, which may explain why these fuels do not consistently induce hypophagia in ruminants. Lactate is metabolized in the liver but has less effect on satiety, probably because of greater latency for reaching the liver within meals and because of less hepatic extraction compared with propionate. Hypophagic effects of fatty acid oxidation in the liver are likely from delaying hunger rather than promoting satiety because beta-oxidation is inhibited during meals by propionate. A shortage of glucose precursors and increased fatty acid oxidation in the liver for early lactation cows lead to a lack of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, resulting in a buildup of the intracellular acetyl-CoA pool and export of ketone bodies. In this situation, hypophagic effects of propionate are likely enhanced because propionate entry into the liver provides TCA cycle intermediates that allow oxidation of acetyl-CoA. Oxidizing the pool of acetyl-CoA rather than exporting it increases ATP production and likely causes satiety despite the use of propionate for glucose synthesis. A better understanding of metabolic regulation of feed intake will allow diets to be formulated to increase the health and productivity of ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Allen
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1225, USA.
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Voelker Linton JA, Allen MS. Nutrient demand interacts with forage family to affect nitrogen digestion and utilization responses in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:1594-602. [PMID: 19307641 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of preliminary feed intake on responses to diets containing alfalfa silage or orchardgrass silage was evaluated using 8 ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein cows in a crossover design experiment with a 14-d preliminary period and two 15-d treatment periods. Responses measured were intake, digestion, and utilization of N. Cows were 139 +/- 83 (mean +/- standard deviation) days in milk at the beginning of the preliminary period. During the 14-d preliminary period, 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield ranged from 23.9 to 47.6 kg/d (mean = 36.9 kg/d) and preliminary voluntary dry matter intake (pVDMI) ranged from 14.2 to 21.3 kg/d (mean = 18.6 kg/d). Treatments were a diet with alfalfa silage as the sole forage (AL) and a diet with orchardgrass silage as the sole forage (OG). Alfalfa silage contained 20.5% crude protein (CP; dry matter basis) and orchardgrass silage contained 20.4% CP; AL contained 18.3% CP and 5.6% estimated rumen-undegraded CP, and OG contained 18.8% CP and 6.3% estimated rumen-undegraded CP. Mean N intake was similar between treatments, ruminal N digestibility was greater for AL (30.4%) than for OG (17.7%), and whole-tract N digestibility did not differ between treatments. Intake and duodenal flow of N depended on a treatment x pVDMI interaction; both N intake and duodenal flow increased more for AL than for OG as pVDMI increased. Duodenal flow of microbial N and the efficiency of microbial N production from OM also depended on a treatment x pVDMI interaction in a manner similar to N intake and duodenal flow. However, treatment x pVDMI interactions also indicate that as pVDMI increased and N intake increased for AL compared with OG, a decreasing proportion of the additional N consumed from AL was digested and used for increased milk protein production or body tissue gain. Therefore, when feeding less-filling diets, such as those containing large proportions of legume forage, to high-producing cows, reducing dietary N concentration could increase the efficiency of N utilization and reduce the extent to which greater DMI leads to greater N excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Voelker Linton
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Rice TW, Rusch VW, Apperson-Hansen C, Allen MS, Chen LQ, Hunter JG, Kesler KA, Law S, Lerut TEMR, Reed CE, Salo JA, Scott WJ, Swisher SG, Watson TJ, Blackstone EH. Worldwide esophageal cancer collaboration. Dis Esophagus 2009; 22:1-8. [PMID: 19196264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2008.00901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to report assemblage of a large multi-institutional international database of esophageal cancer patients, patient and tumor characteristics, and survival of patients undergoing esophagectomy alone and its correlates. Forty-eight institutions were approached and agreed to participate in a worldwide esophageal cancer collaboration (WECC), and 13 (Asia, 2; Europe, 2; North America, 9) submitted data as of July 1, 2007. These were used to construct a de-identified database of 7884 esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy. Four thousand six hundred and twenty-seven esophagectomy patients had no induction or adjuvant therapy. Mean age was 62 +/- 11 years, 77% were men, and 33% were Asian. Mean tumor length was 3.3 +/- 2.5 cm, and esophageal location was upper in 4.1%, middle in 27%, and lower in 69%. Histopathologic cell type was adenocarcinoma in 60% and squamous cell in 40%. Histologic grade was G1 in 32%, G2 in 33%, G3 in 35%, and G4 in 0.18%. pT classification was pTis in 7.3%, pT1 in 23%, pT2 in 16%, pT3 in 51%, and pT4 in 3.3%. pN classification was pN0 in 56% and pN1 in 44%. The number of lymph nodes positive for cancer was 1 in 12%, 2 in 8%, 3 in 5%, and >3 in 18%. Resection was R0 in 87%, R1 in 11%, and R2 in 3%. Overall survival was 78, 42, and 31% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Unlike single-institution studies, in this worldwide collaboration, survival progressively decreases and is distinctively stratified by all variables except region of the world. A worldwide esophageal cancer database has been assembled that overcomes problems of rarity of this cancer. It reveals that survival progressively (monotonically) decreased and was distinctively stratified by all variables except region of the world. Thus, it forms the basis for data-driven esophageal cancer staging. More centers are needed and encouraged to join WECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Rice
- Department of Thoracic and CardiovascularSurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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