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Pusadkar V, Azad RK. Benchmarking Metagenomic Classifiers on Simulated Ancient and Modern Metagenomic Data. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2478. [PMID: 37894136 PMCID: PMC10609333 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxonomic profiling of ancient metagenomic samples is challenging due to the accumulation of specific damage patterns on DNA over time. Although a number of methods for metagenome profiling have been developed, most of them have been assessed on modern metagenomes or simulated metagenomes mimicking modern metagenomes. Further, a comparative assessment of metagenome profilers on simulated metagenomes representing a spectrum of degradation depth, from the extremity of ancient (most degraded) to current or modern (not degraded) metagenomes, has not yet been performed. To understand the strengths and weaknesses of different metagenome profilers, we performed their comprehensive evaluation on simulated metagenomes representing human dental calculus microbiome, with the level of DNA damage successively raised to mimic modern to ancient metagenomes. All classes of profilers, namely, DNA-to-DNA, DNA-to-protein, and DNA-to-marker comparison-based profilers were evaluated on metagenomes with varying levels of damage simulating deamination, fragmentation, and contamination. Our results revealed that, compared to deamination and fragmentation, human and environmental contamination of ancient DNA (with modern DNA) has the most pronounced effect on the performance of each profiler. Further, the DNA-to-DNA (e.g., Kraken2, Bracken) and DNA-to-marker (e.g., MetaPhlAn4) based profiling approaches showed complementary strengths, which can be leveraged to elevate the state-of-the-art of ancient metagenome profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi Pusadkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA;
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Rajeev K. Azad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA;
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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Gao H, Wang K, Suarez JA, Jin Z, Rocha KCE, Zhang D, Farrell A, Truong T, Tekin Y, Tan B, Jung HS, Kempf J, Mahata SK, Dillmann WH, Suarez J, Ying W. Gut lumen-leaked microbial DNA causes myocardial inflammation and impairs cardiac contractility in ageing mouse heart. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1216344. [PMID: 37520546 PMCID: PMC10373503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates the critical roles of microbiota in mediating host cardiac functions in ageing, however, the mechanisms underlying the communications between microbiota and cardiac cells during the ageing process have not been fully elucidated. Bacterial DNA was enriched in the cardiomyocytes of both ageing humans and mice. Antibiotic treatment remarkably reduced bacterial DNA abundance in ageing mice. Gut microbial DNA containing extracellular vesicles (mEVs) were readily leaked into the bloodstream and infiltrated into cardiomyocytes in ageing mice, causing cardiac microbial DNA enrichment. Vsig4+ macrophages efficiently block the spread of gut mEVs whereas Vsig4+ cell population was greatly decreased in ageing mice. Gut mEV treatment resulted in cardiac inflammation and a reduction in cardiac contractility in young Vsig4-/- mice. Microbial DNA depletion attenuated the pathogenic effects of gut mEVs. cGAS/STING signaling is critical for the effects of microbial DNA. Restoring Vsig4+ macrophage population in ageing WT mice reduced cardiac microbial DNA abundance and inflammation and improved heart contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ke Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jorge A. Suarez
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Zhongmou Jin
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Karina Cunha e Rocha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Dinghong Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Andrea Farrell
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tyler Truong
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yasemin Tekin
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Breanna Tan
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hyun Suh Jung
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Julia Kempf
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Wolfgang H. Dillmann
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jorge Suarez
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Kontro MH, Kirsi M, Laitinen SK. Exposure to bacterial and fungal bioaerosols in facilities processing biodegradable waste. Front Public Health 2022; 10:789861. [PMID: 36466510 PMCID: PMC9708704 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.789861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the exposure of workers within biodegradable waste processing facilities to bacteria and fungi to identify any exposures of potential concern to health. Occupational measurements were performed in six composting and three bioenergy (bioethanol or methane/biogas) producing facilities. Bioaerosols were measured from breathing zones with Button aerosol or open face cassette filter samplers, and swab specimens were taken from the nasal mucous membranes of the workers. Aspergillus fumigatus, Bacillus cereus group, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Streptomyces spp., and Yersinia spp. were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). A. fumigatus, and mesophilic and thermophilic actinobacteria were also cultivated from filters. Bacterial airborne endotoxins collected by IOM samplers were analyzed using a Limulus assay. Bioaerosol levels were high, especially in composting compared to bioenergy producing facilities. Endotoxin concentrations in composting often exceeded the occupational exposure value of 90 EU/m3, which may be harmful to the health. In addition to endotoxins, the concentrations of A. fumigatus (up to 2.4 × 105 copies/m3) and actinobacteria/Streptomyces spp. (up to 1.6 × 106 copies/m3) in the air of composting facilities were often high. Microbial and endotoxin concentrations were typically highest in waste reception and pre-treatment, equal or decreased during processing and handling of treated waste, and lowest in wheel loader cabins and control rooms/outdoors. Still, the parameters measured in wheel loader cabins were often higher than in the control sites, which suggests that the use of preventive measures could be improved. B. cereus group, Salmonella spp., and Yersinia spp. were rarely detected in bioaerosols or nasal swabs. Although Campylobacter spp. DNA was rarely detected in air, as a new finding, Campylobacter ureolyticus DNA was frequently detected in the nasal mucous membranes of workers, based on partial 16S rDNA sequencing. Moreover, especially A. fumigatus and C. ureolyticus spp. DNA concentrations in swabs after the work shift were significantly higher than before the shift, which indicates their inhalation or growth during the work shift. Microbial qPCR analysis of bioaerosols and swab samples of nasal mucosa allowed measuring exposure in various work operations and during the work shift, identifying problems for health risk assessment to improve working conditions, and evaluating the effectiveness of preventive measures and personal protection of workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja H. Kontro
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Kirsi
- Work Environment Laboratories, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa K. Laitinen
- Department of Occupational Safety, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland,*Correspondence: Sirpa K. Laitinen
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Gao H, Jin Z, Tang K, Ji Y, Suarez J, Suarez JA, Cunha e Rocha K, Zhang D, Dillmann WH, Mahata SK, Ying W. Microbial DNA Enrichment Promotes Adrenomedullary Inflammation, Catecholamine Secretion, and Hypertension in Obese Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024561. [PMID: 35112881 PMCID: PMC9245808 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is an established risk factor for hypertension. Although obesity‐induced gut barrier breach leads to the leakage of various microbiota‐derived products into host circulation and distal organs, the roles of microbiota in mediating the development of obesity‐associated adrenomedullary disorders and hypertension have not been elucidated. We seek to explore the impacts of microbial DNA enrichment on inducing obesity‐related adrenomedullary abnormalities and hypertension. Methods and Results Obesity was accompanied by remarkable bacterial DNA accumulation and elevated inflammation in the adrenal glands. Gut microbial DNA containing extracellular vesicles (mEVs) were readily leaked into the bloodstream and infiltrated into the adrenal glands in obese mice, causing microbial DNA enrichment. In lean wild‐type mice, adrenal macrophages expressed CRIg (complement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily) that efficiently blocks the infiltration of gut mEVs. In contrast, the adrenal CRIg+ cell population was greatly decreased in obese mice. In lean CRIg−/− or C3−/− (complement component 3) mice intravenously injected with gut mEVs, adrenal microbial DNA accumulation elevated adrenal inflammation and norepinephrine secretion, concomitant with hypertension. In addition, microbial DNA promoted inflammatory responses and norepinephrine production in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells treated with gut mEVs. Depletion of microbial DNA cargo markedly blunted the effects of gut mEVs. We also validated that activation of cGAS (cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase)/STING (cyclic GMP–AMP receptor stimulator of interferon genes) signaling is required for the ability of microbial DNA to trigger adrenomedullary dysfunctions in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Restoring CRIg+ cells in obese mice decreased microbial DNA abundance, inflammation, and hypertension. Conclusions The leakage of gut mEVs leads to adrenal enrichment of microbial DNA that are pathogenic to induce obesity‐associated adrenomedullary abnormalities and hypertension. Recovering the CRIg+ macrophage population attenuates obesity‐induced adrenomedullary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gao
- Division of Endocrinology & MetabolismDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Zhongmou Jin
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | | | - Yudong Ji
- Division of Endocrinology & MetabolismDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
- Department of AnesthesiologyInstitute of Anesthesiology and Critical CareUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jorge Suarez
- Division of Endocrinology & MetabolismDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Jorge A. Suarez
- Division of Endocrinology & MetabolismDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Karina Cunha e Rocha
- Division of Endocrinology & MetabolismDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Dinghong Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology & MetabolismDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Wolfgang H. Dillmann
- Division of Endocrinology & MetabolismDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- Division of Endocrinology & MetabolismDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCA
| | - Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology & MetabolismDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
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Koulouridi A, Messaritakis I, Theodorakis E, Chondrozoumaki M, Sfakianaki M, Gouvas N, Tsiaoussis J, Mavroudis D, Tzardi M, Souglakos J. Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells and Microbial DNA Fragments in Stage III Colorectal Cancer Patients under Three versus Six Months of Adjuvant Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3552. [PMID: 34298766 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine combination therapy is the gold standard treatment for patients with stage III colorectal cancer (CRC); however, treatment duration is now under re-evaluation. The aim of the study was the evaluation of the non-inferiority of three over six months treatment with FOLFOX or CAPOX, in stage III CRC patients. Peripheral blood samples from 121 patients were collected, at three time points during treatment and evaluated for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and microbial DNA detection (16S rRNA, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, Candida albicans). Of all patients, 41.3% and 58.7% were treated with FOLFOX and CAPOX, respectively. CTCs were significantly decreased and increased after three and six months of treatment, respectively. CAPOX tends to reduce the CTCs after 3 months, whereas there is a statistically significant increase of CTCs in patients under FOLFOX after 6 months. A significant correlation was demonstrated between microbial DNA detection and both CTCs detection at baseline and CTCs increase between baseline and three months of treatment. To conclude, the current study provides additional evidence of non-inferiority of three over 6 months of treatment, mainly in patients under CAPOX.
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Grosso S, Pagani L, Tosoni N, Crapis M, Turrini E, Mannu F, Carta F, Rosa RD, Turrini F, Avolio M. A new molecular method for rapid etiological diagnosis of sepsis with improved performance. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:741-751. [PMID: 34082567 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The value of blood cultures for confirming the clinical diagnosis of sepsis is suboptimal. There is growing interest in the potential of real-time PCR technology by detection of minute amounts of pathogen DNA in patient blood samples with results available within 4-6 h. Adopting a two-step approach, we evaluated the compliance of two versions of the MicrobScan assay on a total of 748 patients with suspected bloodstream infections. The results obtained with a second version of the MicrobScan assay are characterized by increased specificity (from 95.1 to 98.2%) and sensitivity (from 76.7 to 85.1), increased throughput and the possibility of simultaneously testing different kinds of samples collected from the potential sites of infection and utilizing different syndromic panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamanta Grosso
- Microbiology & Virology Department, Azienda per l'Assistenza Sanitaria n 5 Friuli Occidentale, Via Montereale 24, Pordenone, 33170, Italy
| | - Lucia Pagani
- Microbiology & Virology Department, Azienda per l'Assistenza Sanitaria n 5 Friuli Occidentale, Via Montereale 24, Pordenone, 33170, Italy
| | - Nilla Tosoni
- Microbiology & Virology Department, Azienda per l'Assistenza Sanitaria n 5 Friuli Occidentale, Via Montereale 24, Pordenone, 33170, Italy
| | - Massimo Crapis
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda per l'Assistenza Sanitaria n 5 Friuli Occidentale, Via Montereale 24, Pordenone, 33170, Italy
| | - Enrico Turrini
- Research Unit, Nurex Srl, Strada 3, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Franca Mannu
- Research Unit, Nurex Srl, Strada 3, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Franco Carta
- Research Unit, Nurex Srl, Strada 3, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Rita De Rosa
- Microbiology & Virology Department, Azienda per l'Assistenza Sanitaria n 5 Friuli Occidentale, Via Montereale 24, Pordenone, 33170, Italy
| | - Francesco Turrini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Manuela Avolio
- Microbiology & Virology Department, Azienda per l'Assistenza Sanitaria n 5 Friuli Occidentale, Via Montereale 24, Pordenone, 33170, Italy
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Subramaniam A, Van Der Pol WJ, Ptacek T, Lobashevsky E, Neely C, Biggio JR, Lefkowitz EJ, Morrow CD, Edwards RK. Midtrimester microbial DNA variations in maternal serum of women who experience spontaneous preterm birth. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:359-367. [PMID: 29909752 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1490721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate if midtrimester maternal serum contains microbial DNA and whether it differs between women with spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and those delivering at term.Study design: In this retrospective case-control study, we identified 20 healthy nulliparas with SPTB at 24-33 weeks of a nonanomalous singleton in 2014. Each case was matched by race/ethnicity to a control delivering at 39-40 weeks. Serum samples, collected at 15-20 weeks and stored at -80 C, were thawed and DNA extracted. PCR with primers targeting the 16S rDNA V4 region were used to prepare an amplicon library, sequenced using Illumina MiSeq, and analyzed using quantitative insight into microbial ecology (QIIME). Taxonomy was assigned using Ribosomal Database program (RDP) Classifier (threshold 0.8) against a modified Greengenes database. Differences in number of observed species, microbial alpha-diversity and beta-diversity, and taxa level analyses were undertaken.Results: All 40 samples were included. Women with SPTB had more unique observed species (p = .046) and higher mean alpha-diversity by Shannon index (but not Chao1 or Simpson) (p = .024). Microbial composition was different between groups by Bray-Curtis clustering (p = .03) but not by weighted (p = .13) or unweighted Unifrac (p = .11). Numerous taxa in the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria phyla differed between groups (p < .05).Conclusions: SPTB is associated with distinct microbial DNA changes detected in midtrimester maternal serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila Subramaniam
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - William J Van Der Pol
- Biomedical Informatics, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Travis Ptacek
- Biomedical Informatics, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Elena Lobashevsky
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Cherry Neely
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joseph R Biggio
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Elliot J Lefkowitz
- Biomedical Informatics, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Casey D Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rodney K Edwards
- Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Ishizaka S, Matsuda A, Amagai Y, Oida K, Jang H, Ueda Y, Takai M, Tanaka A, Matsuda H. Oral administration of fermented probiotics improves the condition of feces in adult horses. J Equine Sci 2014; 25:65-72. [PMID: 25558179 PMCID: PMC4266753 DOI: 10.1294/jes.25.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of probiotics on horses are still controversial. The present study was a randomized, double-blinded,
placebo-controlled crossover study designed to evaluate the ability of probiotics to improve intestinal conditions in adult
horses. Fermented probiotics were administered to 10 healthy adult geldings for 28 days. The clinical condition of the horses was
monitored daily, and the blood and feces were biochemically analyzed every 14 days. In the probiotic-treated group, the
concentration of carboxylic acids in the feces was increased at days 14 and 28. In contrast to the fecal pH in the control group,
which increased at days 14 and 28, the fecal pH in the probiotic-treated group did not increase. Additionally, the relative
amounts of enteropathogenic bacterial DNA were diminished in the probiotic-treated group. These results suggest that probiotic
bacteria proliferated in the equine intestine. No instances of abnormal clinical conditions or abnormal values in blood tests were
observed throughout the study. Oral administration of fermented probiotics may have the ability to improve the intestinal
environment biochemically and microbiologically without the risk of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Ishizaka
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yosuke Amagai
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kumiko Oida
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hyosun Jang
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuko Ueda
- Miura Co., Ltd., Ehime 799-2696, Japan
| | | | - Akane Tanaka
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan ; Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan ; Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Mullins CR, Mamedova LK, Carpenter AJ, Ying Y, Allen MS, Yoon I, Bradford BJ. Analysis of rumen microbial populations in lactating dairy cattle fed diets varying in carbohydrate profiles and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:5872-81. [PMID: 23849646 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The rumen microbial ecosystem is a critical factor that links diets to bovine physiology and productivity; however, information about dietary effects on microbial populations has generally been limited to small numbers of samples and qualitative assessment. To assess whether consistent shifts in microbial populations occur in response to common dietary manipulations in dairy cattle, samples of rumen contents were collected from 2 studies for analysis by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In one study, lactating Holstein cows (n=8) were fed diets in which a nonforage fiber source replaced an increasing proportion of forages and concentrates in a 4×4 Latin square design, and samples of ruminal digesta were collected at 9-h intervals over 3 d at the end of each period. In the second study, lactating Holstein cows (n=15) were fed diets with or without the inclusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) in a crossover design. In this study, rumen liquid and solid samples were collected during total rumen evacuations before and after feeding in a 42-h period. In total, 146 samples of ruminal digesta were used for microbial DNA isolation and analysis by qPCR. Validated primer sets were used to quantify total bacterial and anaerobic fungal populations as well as 12 well-studied bacterial taxa. The relative abundance of the target populations was similar to those previously reported. No significant treatment effects were observed for any target population. A significant interaction of treatment and dry matter intake was observed, however, for the abundance of Eubacterium ruminantium. Increasing dry matter intake was associated with a quadratic decrease in E. ruminantium populations in control animals but with a quadratic increase in E.ruminantium populations in cows fed SCFP. Analysis of sample time effects revealed that Fibrobacter succinogenes and fungal populations were more abundant postfeeding, whereas Ruminococcus albus tended to be more abundant prefeeding. Seven of the target taxa were more abundant in either the liquid or solid fractions of ruminal digesta. By accounting for the total mass of liquid and solid fractions in the rumen and the relative abundance of total bacteria in each fraction, it was estimated that 92% of total bacteria were found in the solid digesta fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Mullins
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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