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Lagos S, Koutroutsiou K, Karpouzas DG. Isolation of soil bacteria able to degrade the anthelminthic compound albendazole. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16127. [PMID: 37953781 PMCID: PMC10634332 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthelmintic (AHs) veterinary drugs constitute major environmental contaminants. The use of AH-contaminated fecal material as manures in agricultural settings constitutes their main route of environmental dispersal. Once in soils, these compounds induce toxic effects to soil fauna and soil microbiota, both having a pivotal role in soil ecosystem functioning. Therefore, it is necessary to identify mitigation strategies to restrict the environmental dispersal of AHs. Bioaugmentation of AH-contaminated manures or soils with specialized microbial inocula constitutes a promising remediation strategy. In the present study, we aimed to isolate microorganisms able to actively transform the most widely used benzimidazole anthelminthic albendazole (ABZ). Enrichment cultures in minimal growth media inoculated with a soil known to exhibit rapid degradation of ABZ led to the isolation of two bacterial cultures able to actively degrade ABZ. Two oxidative products of ABZ, ABZSO and ABZSO2, were detected at low amounts along its degradation. This suggested that the oxidation of ABZ is not a major transformation process in the isolated bacteria which most probably use other biotic pathways to degrade ABZ leading to the formation of products not monitored in this study. Full length sequencing of their 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis assigned both strains to the genus Acinetobacter. The sequences were submitted in GeneBank NCBI, database with the accession numbers OP604271 to OP604273. Further studies will employ omic tools to identify the full transformation pathway and the associated genetic network of Acinetobacter isolates, information that will unlock the potential use of these isolates in the bioaugmentation of contaminated manures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stathis Lagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Viopolis, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Koutroutsiou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Viopolis, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G. Karpouzas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Viopolis, Thessaly, Greece
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Asimakoula S, Marinakos O, Tsagogiannis E, Koukkou AI. Phenol Degradation by Pseudarthrobacter phenanthrenivorans Sphe3. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020524. [PMID: 36838489 PMCID: PMC9966258 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenol poses a threat as one of the most important industrial environmental pollutants that must be removed before disposal. Biodegradation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for phenol removal. This work aimed at studying phenol degradation by Pseudarthrobacter phenanthrenivorans Sphe3 cells and also, investigating the pathway used by the bacterium for phenol catabolism. Moreover, alginate-immobilized Sphe3 cells were studied in terms of phenol degradation efficiency compared to free cells. Sphe3 was found to be capable of growing in the presence of phenol as the sole source of carbon and energy, at concentrations up to 1500 mg/L. According to qPCR findings, both pathways of ortho- and meta-cleavage of catechol are active, however, enzymatic assays and intermediate products identification support the predominance of the ortho-metabolic pathway for phenol degradation. Alginate-entrapped Sphe3 cells completely degraded 1000 mg/L phenol after 192 h, even though phenol catabolism proceeds slower in the first 24 h compared to free cells. Immobilized Sphe3 cells retain phenol-degrading capacity even after 30 days of storage and also can be reused for at least five cycles retaining more than 75% of the original phenol-catabolizing capacity.
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Sheng Y, Tan X, Zhou X, Xu Y. Bioconversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA) by a Native Obligate Aerobic Bacterium, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NL14. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:455-465. [PMID: 32394319 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), one of the top biomass-based platform chemical, is highly promising for resins and polymers, and it can be prepared from the bio-oxidation of hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), which can be obtained mainly from lignocellulosic glucose that has a high production potential from not edible biomass.A native strain, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NL14, that could convert HMF into FDCA is used for combining degradation and fermentation by consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). In this study, it was observed that the initial HMF concentration and pH neutralizer played important roles in the bioconversion of HMF, 5 g/L of HMF could be converted by 100% within 48 h with 0.5 g/L sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) with the production of 0.31 g/L FDCA. Extra glucose and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) addition could further promote the production of FDCA to 0.54 g/L with 100% HMF conversion and a higher conversion rate. This report could provide a potential native bacterium for furan chemicals bioconversion and bioelimination, especially for FDCA bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yequan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
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Nandi L, Panigrahi AK, Maitra N, Chattopadhyay AP, Manna SK. Isolation, characterization and growth kinetics of phenol hyper-tolerant bacteria from sewage-fed aquaculture system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 55:333-344. [PMID: 31790335 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1694816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of aquatic resources is increasing day-by-day, and phenolic compounds are common pollutants negatively impacting aquatic biodiversity and production. This study aimed at isolation of phenol hyper-tolerant bacteria from polluted aquaculture resource so that they might be useful in aquaculture systems. Four phenol hyper-tolerant bacterial strains were isolated from sewage fed East Kolkata Wetlands, a Ramsar site. By 16S rDNA sequence, cell morphology and biochemical characteristics the strains PDB2, PDB13, PDB16, and PDB26 were identified as Acinetobacter sp., Acinetobacter junii, Pseudomonas citronellolis, and Bacillus cereus, respectively. Pseudomonas citronellolis strain PDB16, described in this study, is possibly the first report of phenol hyper-tolerant strain in this species. All the four strains degraded 600 mg L-1 phenol within 5 days and expressed catechol 1,2-dioxygenase but lacked catechol 2,3-dioxygenase enzyme suggesting that the bacteria used the ortho-cleavage pathway for phenol degradation. In growth kinetic study Edwards and Aiba model, rather than the most popular Haldane model, gave the best fit indicating behavioral divergence of these strains with those from petroleum contaminated environments. The phenol degrading bacteria isolated from a polluted sewage fed aquaculture system might be useful in degradation and remediation of polluted aquaculture resources as well as inland open waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky Nandi
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Nilanjan Maitra
- India FREM Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Sanjib Kumar Manna
- India FREM Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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5
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Effects of CaCl2 freeze-drying and acidic solutions on the reusability of calcium alginate beads; and degradation of phenol by immobilized Acinetobacter sp. PR1. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Zepeda Mendoza ML, Roggenbuck M, Manzano Vargas K, Hansen LH, Brunak S, Gilbert MTP, Sicheritz-Pontén T. Protective role of the vulture facial skin and gut microbiomes aid adaptation to scavenging. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:61. [PMID: 30309375 PMCID: PMC6182802 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vultures have adapted the remarkable ability to feed on carcasses that may contain microorganisms that would be pathogenic to most other animals. The holobiont concept suggests that the genetic basis of such adaptation may not only lie within their genomes, but additionally in their associated microbes. To explore this, we generated shotgun DNA sequencing datasets of the facial skin and large intestine microbiomes of the black vulture (Coragyps atratus) and the turkey vulture (Cathartes aura). We characterized the functional potential and taxonomic diversity of their microbiomes, the potential pathogenic challenges confronted by vultures, and the microbial taxa and genes that could play a protective role on the facial skin and in the gut. Results We found microbial taxa and genes involved in diseases, such as dermatitis and pneumonia (more abundant on the facial skin), and gas gangrene and food poisoning (more abundant in the gut). Interestingly, we found taxa and functions with potential for playing beneficial roles, such as antilisterial bacteria in the gut, and genes for the production of antiparasitics and insecticides on the facial skin. Based on the identified phages, we suggest that phages aid in the control and possibly elimination, as in phage therapy, of microbes reported as pathogenic to a variety of species. Interestingly, we identified Adineta vaga in the gut, an invertebrate that feeds on dead bacteria and protozoans, suggesting a defensive predatory mechanism. Finally, we suggest a colonization resistance role through biofilm formation played by Fusobacteria and Clostridia in the gut. Conclusions Our results highlight the importance of complementing genomic analyses with metagenomics in order to obtain a clearer understanding of the host-microbial alliance and show the importance of microbiome-mediated health protection for adaptation to extreme diets, such as scavenging. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13028-018-0415-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Das B, Patra S. Multisubstrate specific flavin containing monooxygenase from Chlorella pyrenoidosa with potential application for phenolic wastewater remediation and biosensor application. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2073-2089. [PMID: 28662620 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1349838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial degradation of phenolic pollutants in industrial wastewater is dependent on enzymatic pathway comprising a cascade of phenol metabolizing enzymes. Phenol hydroxylase is the first enzyme of the pathway catalysing the initial attack on phenol in green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The present work reports cost-effective production of partially purified microalgal phenol hydroylase by single-step purification and characterization of its kinetic properties with the view of application for enzyme-based remediation of phenolic wastewater or in phenolic biosensor. The enzyme with a molecular weight of 25 kDa shows all characteristics of phenol hydroxylases, that is, hydroxylation of phenol to catechol (confirmed by HPLC), substrate-dependent NADPH oxidation, absorption spectrum typical of flavoproteins and peptide mass fingerprint corresponding to flavoprotein hydroxylase. The enzyme utilizes phenol with apparent Michealis constant (Km) of 1.71 µM, maximal velocity (Vmax) of 0.4 µM/min with optimal activity at pH 7 and 35°C. Fe2+chelators (Phenanthroline and sodium arsenate), heavy metals, denaturants and oxidizing agents showed inhibitory effect on phenol hydroxylation activity of the enzyme. The enzyme has broad substrate specificity against isomeric diphenols, isomeric methylphenols, halogen-substituted phenols, amino-substituted phenols, nitrophenols, hydroxybenzaldehyde and hydroxylbenzoic acid. The enzyme shows remarkable storage stability at room temperature and at 4°C. The multisubstrate specificity coupled to remarkable storage stability of the microalgal phenol hydroxylase opens up avenues for its application in remediation of a wide range of phenolics released in industrial wastewater or phenolic biosensor application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Das
- a Centre for the Environment , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , India
| | - Sanjukta Patra
- b Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , India
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Silva JRO, Santos DS, Santos UR, Eguiluz KIB, Salazar-Banda GR, Schneider JK, Krause LC, López JA, Hernández-Macedo ML. Electrochemical and/or microbiological treatment of pyrolysis wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:145-151. [PMID: 28688848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation may be used as treatment to decompose partially or completely organic pollutants (wastewater) from industrial processes such as pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process used to obtain bio-oil from biomasses, generating a liquid waste rich in organic compounds including aldehydes and phenols, which can be submitted to biological and electrochemical treatments in order to minimize its environmental impact. Thus, electrochemical systems employing dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) have been proposed to enable biodegradation processes in subsurface environments. In order to investigate the organic compound degradation from residual coconut pyrolysis wastewater, ternary DSAs containing ruthenium, iridium and cerium synthetized by the 'ionic liquid method' at different calcination temperatures (500, 550, 600 and 700 °C) for the pretreatment of these compounds, were developed in order to allow posterior degradation by Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp. or Acinetobacter sp. bacteria. The electrode synthesized applying 500 °C displayed the highest voltammetric charge and was used in the pretreatment of pyrolysis effluent prior to microbial treatment. Regarding biological treatment, the Pseudomonas sp. exhibited high furfural degradation in wastewater samples electrochemically pretreated at 2.0 V. On the other hand, the use of Acinetobacter efficiently degraded phenolic compounds such as phenol, 4-methylphenol, 2,5-methylphenol, 4-ethylphenol and 3,5-methylphenol in both wastewater samples, with and without electrochemical pretreatment. Overall, the results indicate that the combination of both processes used in this study is relevant for the treatment of pyrolysis wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R O Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Dara S Santos
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica e Nanotecnologia, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan R Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Katlin I B Eguiluz
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica e Nanotecnologia, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo R Salazar-Banda
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica e Nanotecnologia, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Jaderson K Schneider
- Laboratório de Química Analítica, Ambiental e Oleoquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laiza C Krause
- Laboratório de Síntese de Materiais e Cromatografia, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Jorge A López
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Maria L Hernández-Macedo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
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Acinetobacter sp. DW-1 immobilized on polyhedron hollow polypropylene balls and analysis of transcriptome and proteome of the bacterium during phenol biodegradation process. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4863. [PMID: 28687728 PMCID: PMC5501837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenol is a hazardous chemical known to be widely distributed in aquatic environments. Biodegradation is an attractive option for removal of phenol from water sources. Acinetobacter sp. DW-1 isolated from drinking water biofilters can use phenol as a sole carbon and energy source. In this study, we found that Immobilized Acinetobacter sp. DW-1cells were effective in biodegradation of phenol. In addition, we performed proteome and transcriptome analysis of Acinetobacter sp. DW-1 during phenol biodegradation. The results showed that Acinetobacter sp. DW-1 degrades phenol mainly by the ortho pathway because of the induction of phenol hydroxylase, catechol-1,2-dioxygenase. Furthermore, some novel candidate proteins (OsmC-like family protein, MetA-pathway of phenol degradation family protein, fimbrial protein and coenzyme F390 synthetase) and transcriptional regulators (GntR/LuxR/CRP/FNR/TetR/Fis family transcriptional regulator) were successfully identified to be potentially involved in phenol biodegradation. In particular, MetA-pathway of phenol degradation family protein and fimbrial protein showed a strong positive correlation with phenol biodegradation, and Fis family transcriptional regulator is likely to exert its effect as activators of gene expression. This study provides valuable clues for identifying global proteins and genes involved in phenol biodegradation and provides a fundamental platform for further studies to reveal the phenol degradation mechanism of Acinetobacter sp.
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10
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Meta-cleavage pathway of phenol degradation by Acinetobacter sp. strain AQ5NOL 1. RENDICONTI LINCEI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-016-0554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Gu Q, Wu Q, Zhang J, Guo W, Wu H, Sun M. Community Analysis and Recovery of Phenol-degrading Bacteria from Drinking Water Biofilters. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:495. [PMID: 27148185 PMCID: PMC4828441 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenol is a ubiquitous organic contaminant in drinking water. Biodegradation plays an important role in the elimination of phenol pollution in the environment, but the information about phenol removal by drinking water biofilters is still lacking. Herein, we study an acclimated bacterial community that can degrade over 80% of 300 mg/L phenol within 3 days. PCR detection of genotypes involved in bacterial phenol degradation revealed that the degradation pathways contained the initial oxidative attack by phenol hydroxylase, and subsequent ring fission by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase. Based on the PCR denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) profiles of bacteria from biological activated carbon (BAC), the predominant bacteria in drinking water biofilters including Delftia sp., Achromobacter sp., and Agrobacterium sp., which together comprised up to 50% of the total microorganisms. In addition, a shift in bacterial community structure was observed during phenol biodegradation. Furthermore, the most effective phenol-degrading strain DW-1 that correspond to the main band in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profile was isolated and identified as Acinetobacter sp., according to phylogenetic analyses of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequences. The strain DW-1 also produced the most important enzyme, phenol hydroxylase, and it also exhibited a good ability to degrade phenol when immobilized on granular active carbon (GAC). This study indicates that the enrichment culture has great potential application for treatment of phenol-polluted drinking water sources, and the indigenous phenol-degrading microorganism could recover from drinking water biofilters as an efficient resource for phenol removal. Therefore, the aim of this study is to draw attention to recover native phenol-degrading bacteria from drinking water biofilters, and use these native microorganisms as phenolic water remediation in drinking water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Gu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Guo
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
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Liu Z, Xie W, Li D, Peng Y, Li Z, Liu S. Biodegradation of Phenol by Bacteria Strain Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus PA Isolated from Phenolic Wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13030300. [PMID: 27005648 PMCID: PMC4808963 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A phenol-degrading bacterium strain PA was successfully isolated from the effluent of petrochemical wastewater. Based on its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strain PA was characterized as a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, nonmotile and short rod-shaped bacterium that utilizes phenol as a sole carbon and energy source. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that this strain is affiliated to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in the group of Gammaproteobacteria. The strain was efficient in removing 91.6% of the initial 800 mg∙L−1 phenol within 48 h, and had a tolerance of phenol concentration as high as 1700 mg∙L−1. These results indicated that A. calcoaceticus possesses a promising potential in treating phenolic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China.
- Technology Research Center for Petrochemical Resources Clean Utilization of Guangdong Province, Maoming 525000, China.
| | - Wenyu Xie
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China.
- Technology Research Center for Petrochemical Resources Clean Utilization of Guangdong Province, Maoming 525000, China.
| | - Dehao Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China.
- Technology Research Center for Petrochemical Resources Clean Utilization of Guangdong Province, Maoming 525000, China.
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China.
| | - Zesheng Li
- Technology Research Center for Petrochemical Resources Clean Utilization of Guangdong Province, Maoming 525000, China.
| | - Shusi Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China.
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Wei X, Gilevska T, Wetzig F, Dorer C, Richnow HH, Vogt C. Characterization of phenol and cresol biodegradation by compound-specific stable isotope analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 210:166-73. [PMID: 26716730 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial degradation of phenol and cresols can occur under oxic and anoxic conditions by different degradation pathways. One recent technique to take insight into reaction mechanisms is compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA). While enzymes and reaction mechanisms of several degradation pathways have been characterized in (bio)chemical studies, associated isotope fractionation patterns have been rarely reported, possibly due to constraints in current analytical methods. In this study, carbon enrichment factors and apparent kinetic isotope effects (AKIEc) of the initial steps of different aerobic and anaerobic phenol and cresols degradation pathways were analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry connected with liquid chromatography (LC-IRMS). Significant isotope fractionation was detected for aerobic ring hydroxylation, anoxic side chain hydroxylation, and anoxic fumarate addition, while anoxic carboxylation reactions produced small and inconsistent fractionation. The results suggest that several microbial degradation pathways of phenol and cresols are detectable in the environment by CSIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wei
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leipzig, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute for Microbiology, Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Jena, Germany
| | - Tetyana Gilevska
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix Wetzig
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leipzig, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Science, Jena, Germany
| | - Conrad Dorer
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leipzig, Germany; University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Hermann Richnow
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Vogt
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leipzig, Germany.
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Aston JE, Apel WA, Lee BD, Thompson DN, Lacey JA, Newby DT, Reed DW, Thompson VS. Degradation of phenolic compounds by the lignocellulose deconstructing thermoacidophilic bacterium Alicyclobacillus Acidocaldarius. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:13-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius, a thermoacidophilic bacterium, has a repertoire of thermo- and acid-stable enzymes that deconstruct lignocellulosic compounds. The work presented here describes the ability of A. acidocaldarius to reduce the concentration of the phenolic compounds: phenol, ferulic acid, ρ-coumaric acid and sinapinic acid during growth conditions. The extent and rate of the removal of these compounds were significantly increased by the presence of micro-molar copper concentrations, suggesting activity by copper oxidases that have been identified in the genome of A. acidocaldarius. Substrate removal kinetics was first order for phenol, ferulic acid, ρ-coumaric acid and sinapinic acid in the presence of 50 μM copper sulfate. In addition, laccase enzyme assays of cellular protein fractions suggested significant activity on a lignin analog between the temperatures of 45 and 90 °C. This work shows the potential for A. acidocaldarius to degrade phenolic compounds, demonstrating potential relevance to biofuel production and other industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Aston
- grid.417824.c 0000000100207392 Biological and Chemical Processing Department Idaho National Laboratory Idaho Falls ID USA
| | - William A Apel
- grid.417824.c 0000000100207392 Biological and Chemical Processing Department Idaho National Laboratory Idaho Falls ID USA
| | - Brady D Lee
- grid.451303.0 0000000122183491 Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
| | - David N Thompson
- grid.417824.c 0000000100207392 Biological and Chemical Processing Department Idaho National Laboratory Idaho Falls ID USA
| | - Jeffrey A Lacey
- grid.417824.c 0000000100207392 Biological and Chemical Processing Department Idaho National Laboratory Idaho Falls ID USA
| | - Deborah T Newby
- grid.417824.c 0000000100207392 Biological and Chemical Processing Department Idaho National Laboratory Idaho Falls ID USA
| | - David W Reed
- grid.417824.c 0000000100207392 Biological and Chemical Processing Department Idaho National Laboratory Idaho Falls ID USA
| | - Vicki S Thompson
- grid.417824.c 0000000100207392 Biological and Chemical Processing Department Idaho National Laboratory Idaho Falls ID USA
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Hasan SA, Jabeen S. Degradation kinetics and pathway of phenol by Pseudomonas and Bacillus species. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015; 29:45-53. [PMID: 26740787 PMCID: PMC4684072 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.991638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This article elucidates that strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IES-Ps-1) is a versatile toxic organic compound degrader. With the degradation of malathion and cypermethrin (studied by other researchers previously), this strain was able to degrade phenol. Two other indigenous soil flora (i.e., Pseudomonas sp. (IES-S) and Bacillus subtilis (IES-B)) were also found to be potential phenol degraders. Phenol was degraded with Monod kinetics during growth in nutrient broth and mineral salts medium. Before entering into the growth inhibition phase, strains IES-Ps-1, IES-S and IES-B could tolerate up to 400, 700 and 500 mg/L phenol, respectively, when contained in nutrient broth. However, according to the Luong-Levenspiel model, the growth of strains IES-Ps-1, IES-S and IES-B would cease at 2000, 2174 and 2190 mg/L phenol, respectively. Strain IES-Ps-1 degraded 700, 900 and 1050 mg/L phenol contained in mineral salts medium with the specific rates of 0.034, 0.075 and 0.021 h-1, respectively. All these strains grew by making clusters when exposed to phenol in order to prevent damages due to high substrate concentration. These strains transformed phenol into catechol, which was then degraded via ortho-cleavage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Adnan Hasan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University Aiwan-e-Tijarat Road, Karachi-74000, Pakistan
| | - Suraiya Jabeen
- Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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Liu J, Wang Q, Yan J, Qin X, Li L, Xu W, Subramaniam R, Bajpai RK. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Phenol Degrading Bacterial Strain WUST-C1. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3012903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mrozik A, Miga S, Piotrowska-Seget Z. Enhancement of phenol degradation by soil bioaugmentation with Pseudomonas sp. JS150. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:1357-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Djokic L, Narancic T, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Savic M, Vasiljevic B. Isolation and characterization of four novel Gram-positive bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of two endemorelict plants capable of degrading a broad range of aromatic substrates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 91:1227-38. [PMID: 21706169 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Four new Gram-positive, phenol-degrading strains were isolated from the rhizospheres of endemorelict plants Ramonda serbica and Ramonda nathaliae known to exude high amounts of phenolics in the soil. Isolates were designated Bacillus sp. PS1, Bacillus sp. PS11, Streptomyces sp. PS12, and Streptomyces sp. PN1 based on 16S rDNA sequence and biochemical analysis. In addition to their ability to tolerate and utilize high amounts of phenol of either up to 800 or up to 1,400 mg l(-1) without apparent inhibition in growth, all four strains were also able to degrade a broad range of aromatic substrates including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, styrene, halogenated benzenes, and naphthalene. Isolates were able to grow in pure culture and in defined mixed culture on phenol and on the mixture of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) compounds as a sole source of carbon and energy. Pure culture of Bacillus sp. PS11 yielded 1.5-fold higher biomass amounts in comparison to mixed culture, under all conditions. Strains successfully degraded phenol in the soil model system (2 g kg(-1)) within 6 days. Activities of phenol hydroxylase, catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase were detected and analyzed from the crude cell extract of the isolates. While all four strains use ortho degradation pathway, enzyme indicative of meta degradation pathway (catechol 2,3-dioxygenase) was also detected in Bacillus sp. PS11 and Streptomyces sp. PN1. Phenol degradation activities were induced 2 h after supplementation by phenol, but not by catechol. Catechol slightly inhibited activity of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase in strains PS11 and PN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Djokic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, PO Box 23, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wharfe ES, Jarvis RM, Winder CL, Whiteley AS, Goodacre R. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a metabolite fingerprinting tool for monitoring the phenotypic changes in complex bacterial communities capable of degrading phenol. Environ Microbiol 2011; 12:3253-63. [PMID: 20649644 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The coking process produces great volumes of wastewater contaminated with pollutants such as cyanides, sulfides and phenolics. Chemical and physical remediation of this wastewater removes the majority of these pollutants; however, these processes do not remove phenol and thiocyanate. The removal of these compounds has been effected during bioremediation with activated sludge containing a complex microbial community. In this investigation we acquired activated sludge from an industrial bioreactor capable of degrading phenol. The sludge was incubated in our laboratory and monitored for its ability to degrade phenol over a 48 h period. Multiple samples were taken across the time-course and analysed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. FT-IR was used as a whole-organism fingerprinting approach to monitor biochemical changes in the bacterial cells during the degradation of phenol. We also investigated the ability of the activated sludge to degrade phenol following extended periods (2-131 days) of storage in the absence of phenol. A reduction was observed in the ability of the microbial community to degrade phenol and this was accompanied by a detectable biochemical change in the FT-IR fingerprint related to cellular phenotype of the microbial community. In the absence of phenol a decrease in thiocyanate vibrations was observed, reflecting the ability of these communities to degrade this substrate. Actively degrading communities showed an additional new band in their FT-IR spectra that could be attributed to phenol degradation products from the ortho- and meta-cleavage of the aromatic ring. This study demonstrates that FT-IR spectroscopy when combined with chemometric analysis is a very powerful high throughput screening approach for assessing the metabolic capability of complex microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S Wharfe
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7ND, UK
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20
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Agarry S, Solomon B, Audu T. Optimization of Process Variables for the Batch Degradation of Phenol by Pseudomonas fluorescence Using Response Surface Methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ijct.2010.33.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Cordova-Rosa SM, Dams RI, Cordova-Rosa EV, Radetski MR, Corrêa AXR, Radetski CM. Remediation of phenol-contaminated soil by a bacterial consortium and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolated from an industrial wastewater treatment plant. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 164:61-66. [PMID: 18774223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 04/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Time-course performance of a phenol-degrading indigenous bacterial consortium, and of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus, isolated from an industrial coal wastewater treatment plant was evaluated. This bacterial consortium was able to survive in the presence of phenol concentrations as high as 1200mgL(-1) and the consortium was more fast in degrading phenol than a pure culture of the A. calcoaceticus strain. In a batch system, 86% of phenol biodegradation occurred in around 30h at pH 6.0, while at pH 3.0, 95.2% of phenol biodegradation occurred in 8h. A high phenol biodegradation (above 95%) by the mixed culture in a bioreactor was obtained in both continuous and batch systems, but when test was carried out in coke gasification wastewater, no biodegradation was observed after 10 days at pH 9-11 for both pure strain or the isolated consortium. An activated sludge with the same bacterial consortium characterized above was mixed with a textile sludge-contaminated soil with a phenol concentration of 19.48mgkg(-1). After 20 days of bioaugmentation, the remanescent phenol concentration of the sludge-soil matrix was 1.13mgkg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Cordova-Rosa
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar, 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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22
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Sandhu A, Halverson LJ, Beattie GA. Identification and genetic characterization of phenol-degrading bacteria from leaf microbial communities. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2009; 57:276-285. [PMID: 19034559 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-008-9473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities on aerial plant leaves may contribute to the degradation of organic air pollutants such as phenol. Epiphytic bacteria capable of phenol degradation were isolated from the leaves of green ash trees grown at a site rich in airborne pollutants. Bacteria from these communities were subjected, in parallel, to serial enrichments with increasing concentrations of phenol and to direct plating followed by a colony autoradiography screen in the presence of radiolabeled phenol. Ten isolates capable of phenol mineralization were identified. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, these isolates included members of the genera Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, and Rhodococcus. The sequences of the genes encoding the large subunit of a multicomponent phenol hydroxylase (mPH) in these isolates indicated that the mPHs of the gram-negative isolates belonged to a single kinetic class, and that is one with a moderate affinity for phenol; this affinity was consistent with the predicted phenol levels in the phyllosphere. PCR amplification of genes for catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12O) and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) in combination with a functional assay for C23O activity provided evidence that the gram-negative strains had the C12O-, but not the C23O-, phenol catabolic pathway. Similarly, the Rhodococcus isolates lacked C23O activity, although consensus primers to the C12O and C23O genes of Rhodococcus could not be identified. Collectively, these results demonstrate that these leaf surface communities contained several taxonomically distinct phenol-degrading bacteria that exhibited diversity in their mPH genes but little diversity in the catabolic pathways they employ for phenol degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjyoti Sandhu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Interdepartmental Microbiology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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23
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Anaerobic biodegradation of phenol by Candida albicans PDY-07 in the presence of 4-chlorophenol. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Jiang Y, Wen J, Lan L, Hu Z. Biodegradation of phenol and 4-chlorophenol by the yeast Candida tropicalis. Biodegradation 2007; 18:719-29. [PMID: 17245562 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-007-9100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 01/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradation of phenol and 4-chlorophenol (4-cp) using a pure culture of Candida tropicalis was studied. The results showed that C. tropicalis could degrade 2,000 mg l(-1) phenol alone and 350 mg l(-1) 4-cp alone within 66 and 55 h, respectively. The capacity of the strain to degrade phenol was obviously higher than that to degrade 4-cp. In the dual-substrate system, 4-cp intensely inhibited phenol biodegradation. Phenol beyond 800 mg l(-1) could not be degraded in the presence of 350 mg l(-1) 4-cp. Comparatively, low-concentration phenol from 100 to 600 mg l(-1) supplied a sole carbon and energy source for C. tropicalis in the initial phase of biodegradation and accelerated the assimilation of 4-cp, which resulted in the fact that 4-cp biodegradation velocity was higher than that without phenol. And the capacity of C. tropicalis to degrade 4-cp was increased up to 420 mg l(-1) with the presence of 100-160 mg l(-1) phenol. In addition, the intrinsic kinetics of cell growth and substrate degradation were investigated with phenol and 4-cp as single and mixed substrates in batch cultures. The results illustrated that the models proposed adequately described the dynamic behaviors of biodegradation by C. tropicalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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25
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Yan J, Jianping W, Jing B, Daoquan W, Zongding H. Phenol biodegradation by the yeast Candida tropicalis in the presence of m-cresol. Biochem Eng J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2005.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Geng A, Soh AEW, Lim CJ, Loke LCT. Isolation and characterization of a phenol-degrading bacterium from an industrial activated sludge. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 71:728-35. [PMID: 16283294 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2005] [Revised: 09/19/2005] [Accepted: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the successful isolation and characterization of a new phenol-degrading bacterium, strain EDP3, from activated sludge. Strain EDP3 is a nonmotile, strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, and short-rod or coccobacillary bacterium, which occurs singly, in pairs, or in clusters. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain EDP3 belonged to the gamma group of Proteobacteria, with a 97.0% identity to 16S rRNA gene sequences of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Strain EDP3 could aerobically grow on a number of aromatic compounds, such as phenol, sodium benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoate, phenylacetate, benzene, ethylbenzene, benzylalcohol, and so on. In particular, it could mineralize up to 1,000 mg l(-1) phenol at room temperature (25 degrees C). The growth kinetics of strain EDP3 on phenol as a sole carbon and energy source at 25 degrees C can be described using the Haldane equation. It has a maximal specific growth rate (mu(max)) of 0.28 h(-1), a half-saturation constant (K(S)) of 1,167.1 mg l(-1), and a substrate inhibition constant (Ki) of 58.5 mg l(-1). Values of yield coefficient (Y(X/S)) are between 0.4 and 0.6 mg dry cell (mg phenol)(-1). Strain EDP3 has high tolerance to the toxicity of phenol (up to 1,000 mg l(-1)). It therefore could be an excellent candidate for the biotreatment of high-strength phenol-containing industrial wastewaters and for the in situ bioremediation of phenol-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anli Geng
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Road, Singapore 599489, Singapore.
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28
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Clingenpeel SR, Keener WK, Keller CR, De Jesus K, Howard MH, Watwood ME. Activity-dependent fluorescent labeling of bacterial cells expressing the TOL pathway. J Microbiol Methods 2005; 60:41-6. [PMID: 15567223 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2004] [Revised: 08/03/2004] [Accepted: 08/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
3-Ethynylbenzoate (3EB) functions as a novel, activity-dependent, fluorogenic, and chromogenic probe for bacterial strains expressing the TOL pathway, which degrade toluene via conversion to benzoate, followed by meta ring fission of the intermediate catechol. This direct physiological analysis allows the fluorescent labeling of cells whose toluene-degrading enzymes have been induced by an aromatic substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Clingenpeel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
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. BO, . BA, . TO, . OO, . OA, . EB, . BS. Substrate Inhibition Kinetics of Phenol Degradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2005.56.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Pessione E, Giuffrida MG, Mazzoli R, Caposio P, Landolfo S, Conti A, Giunta C, Gribaudo G. The catechol 1,2 dioxygenase system of Acinetobacter radioresistens: isoenzymes, inductors and gene localisation. Biol Chem 2001; 382:1253-61. [PMID: 11592407 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2001.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two different isozymes (Iso A and Iso B) of catechol 1,2 dioxygenase (C1,2O) were isolated from cultures of A. radioresistens grown in two different media, containing phenol and benzoate respectively. In the phenol medium the bacteria expressed about 90% of Iso A, whereas in the benzoate medium the Iso A/Iso B ratio was 40:60. The two proteins have different molecular masses, isoelectric points and N-terminal sequences that are not consistent with simple post-translational modifications. Furthermore, their behaviour differs at high temperatures (42 degrees C-47 degrees C) and at moderately acidic pH (pH 6.0): Iso A proved to be the more stable under conditions of environmental stress. Hybridisation analysis with an A. calcoaceticus catA-derived probe revealed that A. radioresistens C1,2O proteins are encoded by two chromosomally located genes. Bidimensional electrophoresis (2DE) maps of crude extracts of cells grown in different carbon sources (phenol, benzoate and acetate) clearly demonstrated a differential induction pattern for the two proteins. The hypothesis of a double set of genes, one for benzoate catabolism and the other for phenol catabolism, is discussed, and analogies are drawn with other known C1,2Os.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pessione
- Department of Human and Animal Biology, University of Turin, Italy
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Milcic-Terzic J, Lopez-Vidal Y, Vrvic MM, Saval S. Detection of catabolic genes in indigenous microbial consortia isolated from a diesel-contaminated soil. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2001; 78:47-54. [PMID: 11265787 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8524(00)00156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation is often used for in situ remediation of petroleum-contaminated sites. The primary focus of this study was on understanding the indigenous microbial community which can survive in contaminated environment and is responsible for the degradation. Diesel. toluene and naphthalene-degrading microbial consortia were isolated from diesel-contaminated soil by growing on selective hydrocarbon substrates. The presence and frequency of the catabolic genes responsible for aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation (xylE, ndoB) within the isolated consortia were screened using polymerase chain reaction PCR and DNA DNA colony hybridization. The diesel DNA-extract possessed both the xy/E catabolic gene for toluene, and the nah catabolic gene for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. The toluene DNA-extract possessed only the xylE catabolic gene, while the naphthalene DNA-extract only the ndoB gene. Restriction enzyme analysis with HaeIII indicated similar restriction patterns for the xylE gene fragment between toluene DNA-extract and a type strain, Pseudomonas putida ATCC 23973. A substantial proportion (74%) of the colonies from the diesel-consortium possessed the xylE gene, and the ndoB gene (78%), while a minority (29%) of the toluene-consortium harbored the xylE gene. 59% of the colonies from the naphthalene-consortium had the ndoB gene, and did not have the xylE gene. These results indicate that the microbial population has been naturally enriched in organisms carrying genes for aromatic hydrocarbon degradation and that significant aromatic biodegradative potential exists at the site. Characterization of the population genotype constitutes a molecular diagnosis which permits the determination of the catabolic potential of the site to degrade the contaminant present.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Milcic-Terzic
- Institute of Engineering, National University of Mexico, Coyocan
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32
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Leonard D, Lindley ND. Carbon and energy flux constraints in continuous cultures of Alcaligenes eutrophus grown on phenol. Microbiology (Reading) 1998; 144:241-248. [DOI: 10.1099/00221287-144-1-241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary: The growth behaviour of Alcaligenes eutrophus on phenol was investigated in continuous cultures to identify the phenomena limiting both growth efficiency and substrate degradation rates. It was shown that the fixed stoichiometry of the meta pathway of phenol degradation, leading to equimolar quantities of pyruvate and acetate, and the structure of the central pathways, which do not allow gluconeogenesis of acetate during growth on phenol, provoke the accumulation of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) under certain growth conditions. Acetate is predominantly used as an energy source and PHB accumulates when the cells are carbon-limited rather than energy-limited. The maximum rates of phenol degradation can be attributed to the expression of the enzymes of the catabolic pathway. This is particularly true of phenol hydroxylase and 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde (2-hms) dehydrogenase, whose substrates accumulated to physiologically significant concentrations at high growth rates. Indeed the concentration of 2-hms that accumulated in the medium indicated that this enzyme was substrate-saturated at maximum growth rates. However, the specific activity profiles of other catabolic enzymes associated with phenol degradation were close to the estimated flux through the pathway. This suggests a complex control structure in which several enzymes contribute to the control of pathway flux, as would be expected in a catabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Leonard
- Centre de Bioingénierie Gilbert Durand, UMR CNRS/INSA and Lab. Ass. INRA, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Complexe Scientifique de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Nicholas D. Lindley
- Centre de Bioingénierie Gilbert Durand, UMR CNRS/INSA and Lab. Ass. INRA, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Complexe Scientifique de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
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Haseley SR, Pantophlet R, Brade L, Holst O, Brade H. Structural and serological characterisation of the O-antigenic polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter junii strain 65. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1997; 245:477-81. [PMID: 9151982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.t01-1-00477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A polysaccharide containing rhamnose (Rha) and Gal was isolated by acetic acid hydrolysis, followed by gel-permeation chromatography, from the water-soluble lipopolysaccharide (phenol/water extracted) from Acinetobacter junii strain 65. The polysaccharide was characterised by means of monosaccharide analyses, Smith degradation, and NMR studies, and was shown to have a linear pentasaccharide repeating unit, as depicted below. This structure was specifically recognised in western blots and enzyme immunoassays by polyclonal rabbit antisera. [structure in text]
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Haseley
- Division of Medical and Biochemical Microbiology, Research Centre Borstel, Centre for Medicine and Biosciences, Germany
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Schirmer F, Ehrt S, Hillen W. Expression, inducer spectrum, domain structure, and function of MopR, the regulator of phenol degradation in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCIB8250. J Bacteriol 1997; 179:1329-36. [PMID: 9023219 PMCID: PMC178833 DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.4.1329-1336.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Degradation of phenol by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCIB8250 involves (sigma54-dependent expression of a multicomponent phenol hydroxylase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase encoded by the mop operon. Complementation of a new mutant deficient in phenol utilization yielded the regulatory locus mopR. It is located in divergent orientation next to the mop operon. MopR is constitutively expressed at a low level from a sigma70-type promoter and belongs to the NtrC family of regulators. The amino acid sequence is similar to that of XylR regulating xylene degradation and to that of DmpR regulating dimethylphenol degradation in Pseudomonas spp. However, it shows a different effector profile for substituted phenols than DmpR. MopR activates phenol hydroxylase expression in the presence of phenol in Escherichia coli, indicating that it binds the effector. The phenol binding A domains of MopR and DmpR have fewer identical residues than the A domains of DmpR and XylR, despite the fact that XylR recognizes different effectors. This suggests that sequence conservation in the A domain does not reflect the potential to bind the respective effectors. Overexpression of the MopR A domain in the presence of wild-type MopR causes loss of mop inducibility by phenol, establishing its negative transdominance over MopR. Deletion of 110 residues from the N terminus did not affect transdominance of the truncated domain, whereas deletion of 150 residues abolished it completely. This result establishes the distinction of two subdomains, A(N) and A(C), which together constitute the A domain. The C-terminal portion of the A domain, A(C), shows considerable affinity for the C domain, even in the presence of the trigger phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schirmer
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Biochemie und Genetik der Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Sütfeld R, Petereit F, Nahrstedt A. Resorcinol in exudates ofNuphar lutea. J Chem Ecol 1996; 22:2221-31. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02029542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/1995] [Accepted: 07/15/1996] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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