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Armer JS, Oh W, Davis MT, Issa M, Sexton MB, Muzik M. Post-traumatic change and resilience after childhood maltreatment: Impacts on maternal mental health over the postpartum period. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:1-9. [PMID: 38844162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers with a history of childhood maltreatment (CM) are particularly vulnerable to postpartum mental health changes. Variability in mental health trajectories is present over the first 18-months postpartum. Little is known about the potentially unique impacts of post-traumatic change or resilience on later postpartum mental health. METHODS Participants (N = 97) completed questionnaires over the first 18-months postpartum measuring demographic risk, mental health symptoms, traumatic experiences, and resilience. Mothers also completed an interview measure coded for post-traumatic changes at 6-months postpartum. Multinomial logistic regression models examined post-traumatic change and resilience factors as predictors of mothers' longitudinal latent mental health trajectory. RESULTS Three classes of latent postpartum mental health emerged: low-symptom, vulnerable, and chronic high-risk. Mothers reporting stronger positive post-traumatic changes were more likely to be in the low-symptom class than the chronic high-risk class (B = -1.082, p = .01). Mothers reporting stronger negative post-traumatic changes were more likely to be in the vulnerable class (B = 0.778, p = .006) or chronic high-risk class (B = 0.906, p = .046) than the low-symptom class. Resilience was not predictive of mental health class. LIMITATIONS Findings are correlational, and causal effects between post-traumatic growth and mental health symptoms cannot be assumed. Mothers who consented to the interview may not be fully representative of all women who have experienced CM, limiting generalizability of findings. CONCLUSIONS Positive post-traumatic change is associated with reduced psychopathology. These findings may assist in identification of mothers at greater risk of adverse postpartum outcomes and futher inform interventions focused on enhancing positive changes in post-traumatic cognitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Armer
- Mental Health Service (116c), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Wonjung Oh
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
| | - Margaret T Davis
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Meriam Issa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Minden B Sexton
- Mental Health Service (116c), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
| | - Maria Muzik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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Min HJ, Park SH, Lee SH, Lee BH, Kang M, Kwon MJ, Chang MJ, Negi LT, Samphel T, Won S. Building Resilience and Social-Emotional Competencies in Elementary School Students through a Short-Term Intervention Program Based on the SEE Learning Curriculum. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:458. [PMID: 38920790 PMCID: PMC11200739 DOI: 10.3390/bs14060458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explored the positive effects of a six-week Social-Emotional and Ethical Learning® (SEE Learning) program on resilience and social and emotional competences, adapted for elementary students in Daegu, South Korea, a region strongly affected by the first outbreak of COVID-19. A total of 348 third- and fourth-grade students from 15 elementary schools participated, and the curriculum was tailored, emphasizing key areas such as resilience, attention, kindness, attention training, and compassion. Repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) tests showed statistically significant improvements between pre- and post-tests in resilience and its subscales, including self-efficacy, tolerance of negative affect, positive support relations, power of control, and spontaneity, as well as in social and emotional competencies, including emotional regulation, social skills, empathy, and social tendencies. Despite a lack of maintenance in all areas, at follow-up, the mean scores for self-efficacy, tolerance of negative affect, and positive support relations, as well as emotional regulation, social skills, empathy, and social tendency, remained higher than pre-test levels, suggesting some lasting benefits. The findings underscore the potential of the SEE Learning program integrated with resilience, mindfulness, compassion, and ethical practices to enhance students' resilience and social and emotional well-being. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of mindfulness and compassion-based SEL programs to mitigate the adverse effects of traumatic events on children's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Min
- Department of Children and Adolescent Education, Dongguk University-WISE, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Hee Park
- Daegu Student Suicide Prevention Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.P.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-H.L.); (M.K.); (M.J.K.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Daegu Student Suicide Prevention Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.P.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-H.L.); (M.K.); (M.J.K.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Bo-Hwa Lee
- Daegu Student Suicide Prevention Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.P.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-H.L.); (M.K.); (M.J.K.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Mikyung Kang
- Daegu Student Suicide Prevention Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.P.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-H.L.); (M.K.); (M.J.K.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Mi Ju Kwon
- Daegu Student Suicide Prevention Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.P.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-H.L.); (M.K.); (M.J.K.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Myung Ju Chang
- Daegu Student Suicide Prevention Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.P.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-H.L.); (M.K.); (M.J.K.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Lobsang Tenzin Negi
- Center for Contemplative Science and Compassion-Based Ethics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (L.T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Tsondue Samphel
- Center for Contemplative Science and Compassion-Based Ethics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (L.T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Seunghee Won
- Daegu Student Suicide Prevention Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.P.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-H.L.); (M.K.); (M.J.K.); (M.J.C.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Grummitt L, Kelly EV, Newton NC, Stapinski L, Lawler S, Prior K, Barrett EL. Self-compassion and avoidant coping as mediators of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental health and alcohol use in young adulthood. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023:106534. [PMID: 37945423 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to childhood maltreatment increases the risk of mental health and substance use problems. Understanding the mechanisms linking maltreatment to these problems is critical for prevention. OBJECTIVE To examine whether self-compassion and avoidant coping mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental ill-health and alcohol use. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Australians aged 18-20 years at baseline were recruited through social media and professional networks. METHODS Participants (n = 568) completed an online survey, and were followed up annually for two subsequent surveys. Mediation models were conducted with the SPSS PROCESS macro. Maltreatment was the predictor; Wave 2 self-compassion and avoidant coping as mediators; Wave 3 mental health and alcohol use as outcomes. RESULTS Childhood maltreatment predicted greater mental health symptoms (b = 0.253, 95 % CI = 0.128-0.378), and alcohol use (b = 0.057, 95 % CI = 0.008-0.107). Both self-compassion (b = 0.056, 95 % CI = 0.019-0.093) and avoidant coping (b = 0.103, 95 % CI = 0.024-0.181) mediated the relationship between maltreatment and mental health. Additionally, avoidant coping, but not self-compassion, mediated the relationship (b = 0.040, 95 % CI 0.020-0.061) with alcohol use. However, when controlling for pre-existing mental health and substance use, neither self-compassion nor avoidant coping mediated the relationship with mental health. Only avoidant coping mediated the link with alcohol use (b = 0.010, 95 % CI = 0.001-0.020). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggests that by adulthood, self-compassion and avoidant coping may not explain future change in mental health symptoms; however, avoidant coping accounts for change in alcohol use across early adulthood. Reducing avoidant coping may prevent hazardous alcohol use across young adulthood among people exposed to childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Grummitt
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia.
| | - Erin V Kelly
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia.
| | - Nicola C Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia.
| | - Lexine Stapinski
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia.
| | - Siobhan Lawler
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia.
| | - Katrina Prior
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia.
| | - Emma L Barrett
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia.
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Xue F, Suh HN, Rice KG, Ashby JS. Cumulative Trauma and Trauma Symptoms: A Three-Way Interaction. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:576. [PMID: 37504023 PMCID: PMC10376125 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test if perceived social support and self-compassion will interact to reduce the magnitude of the bivariate relationship (buffering effect) between cumulative trauma and trauma symptoms after controlling for gender and age among college students. As part of a broader research project conducted between 2018 and 2019, we collected data via online surveys from a sample of 551 undergraduate students at a public university in the southern region of the US. After data cleaning, the study included 538 participants (representing 97.6% of the original dataset), ensuring a diverse representation across various ethnicities and genders. The three-way interaction model accounted for 38.61% of the variance in PTSD symptoms. In detail, with high levels of perceived social support, there was a significant difference in the buffering effects of perceived social support on the trauma-PTSD association between high and low self-compassion. Conversely, at high levels of self-compassion, perceived social support did not significantly influence the buffering effect of self-compassion. This study underscores the critical role of self-compassion in enhancing the protective effect of high-level perceived social support against PTSD symptoms following cumulative trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xue
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Han Na Suh
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Kenneth G Rice
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Ashby
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Haldorai K, Kim WG, Agmapisarn C, Li JJ. Fear of COVID-19 and employee mental health in quarantine hotels: The role of self-compassion and psychological resilience at work. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT 2023; 111:103491. [PMID: 37082304 PMCID: PMC10076513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a massive and unprecedented impact on the mental health of individuals worldwide. Quarantine hotel employees not only endured enormous upheavals when providing service to quarantine guests during obligatory quarantine periods, but also experienced the high mental stress that comes with the risk of exposure and contagion of themselves, their friends, and their families. This study investigated the impact of the fear of COVID-19 on mental health problems. The moderating roles of self-compassion and psychological resilience were also examined. Data was collected from 360 employees from thirteen "Alternative State Quarantine" hotels in Thailand. The results suggested that fear of COVID-19 positively influenced mental health problems. Self-compassion and psychological resilience at work buffered the detrimental impact of fear of COVID-19 on mental health. This three-way interaction demonstrated that employees with high self-compassion and high resilience coped better. The theoretical and practical implications for hospitality managers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Haldorai
- International Center for Hospitality Research & Development, Dedman College of Hospitality, Florida State University, 288 Champions Way, UCB 4117, P.O. Box 3062541, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Woo Gon Kim
- International Center for Hospitality Research & Development, Dedman College of Hospitality, Florida State University, 288 Champions Way, UCB 4115, P.O. Box 3062541, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Charoenchai Agmapisarn
- Graduate School of Tourism Management, National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), 148 Serithai Road, Klong-Chan, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Jun Justin Li
- School of Tourism Management, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Faculty of International Tourism and Management, City University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
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Compton SE, Slavish DC, Weiss NH, Bowen HJ, Contractor AA. Associations between positive memory count and hazardous substance use in a trauma-exposed sample: Examining the moderating role of emotion dysregulation. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:1480-1508. [PMID: 36861379 PMCID: PMC10182872 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research has demonstrated links between autobiographical memory retrieval and hazardous substance use. However, limited work has examined relations between positive autobiographical memories and hazardous substance use, as well as moderating factors influencing these relations. Thus, we examined the potential moderating roles of negative and positive emotion dysregulation in the relations between count of retrieved positive memories and hazardous substance use (alcohol and drug use separately). METHODS Participants were 333 trauma-exposed students (Mage = 21.05; 85.9% women) who completed self-report measures assessing positive memory count, hazardous alcohol and drug use, negative emotion dysregulation, and positive emotion dysregulation. RESULTS Positive emotion dysregulation significantly moderated the association between positive memory count and hazardous alcohol use (b = 0.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.01, 0.06], p = 0.019), as well as the association between positive memory count and hazardous drug use (b = 0.02, 95% CI [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.002). Individuals with more positive emotion dysregulation had stronger associations between increases in positive memory count and increased hazardous substance use. CONCLUSION Findings indicate that trauma-exposed individuals who retrieve more positive memories and experience difficulties regulating positive emotions report greater hazardous substance use. Positive emotion dysregulation may be an important target for memory-based interventions among trauma-exposed individuals who report hazardous substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danica C. Slavish
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole H. Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Holly J. Bowen
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Bag SD, Kilby CJ, Kent JN, Brooker J, Sherman KA. Resilience, self-compassion, and indices of psychological wellbeing: a not so simple set of relationships. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2022.2089543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shobhna D. Bag
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Kilby
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, Counselling, and Psychotherapy, The Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica N. Kent
- School of Psychology, Counselling, and Psychotherapy, The Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanne Brooker
- School of Psychology, Counselling, and Psychotherapy, The Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kerry A. Sherman
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Hatun O, Kurtça TT. Self-compassion, Resilience, Fear of COVID-19, Psychological Distress, and Psychological Well-being among Turkish Adults. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-11. [PMID: 35345542 PMCID: PMC8943103 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to examine the variables that may affect the psychological distress and psychological well-being of individuals. This study aims to investigate the mediating effects of psychological resilience, fear of COVID-19, and psychological distress on the relationship between self-compassion and psychological well-being among Turkish adults. The participants of this study were chosen through the convenience sampling method. Participants consist of 617 Turkish adults, 461 (74.7%) females and 156 (25.3%) males. The participants' ages vary between 18 and 24 (M age = 30.44, SD = 11.45). The relations between variables were examined by bootstrapping procedure. The results showed that self-compassion, resilience, fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, and psychological well-being are significantly inter-correlated. Self-compassion significantly predicts psychological well-being through the mediating factors of resilience, fear of COVID-19, and psychological distress. It was also found that psychological distress is a mediating factor for the relationship between fear of COVID-19, resilience, and psychological well-being. The indirect effects of self-compassion on psychological well-being through mediating variables were found to be significant. Based on the findings, it can be said that self-compassion decreases individuals' psychological distress and increases their well-being by increasing their resilience. Consequently, psychoeducational programs designed to increase self-compassion and resilience can be vital to support individuals' mental health. In light of the literature, the results, implications, and limitations were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Hatun
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Türk Kurtça
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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