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Salar Amoli M, Yang H, Anand R, EzEldeen M, Aktan MK, Braem A, Jacobs R, Bloemen V. Development and characterization of colloidal pNIPAM-methylcellulose microgels with potential application for drug delivery in dentoalveolar tissue engineering strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129684. [PMID: 38307741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Incorporation of growth factors, signaling molecules and drugs can be vital for the success of tissue engineering in complex structures such as the dentoalveolar region. This has led to the development of a variety of drug release systems. This study aimed to develop pNIPAM-methylcellulose microgels with different synthesis parameters based on a 23 full factorial design of experiments for this application. Microgel properties, including volume phase transition temperature (VPTT), hydrodynamic size, drug loading and release, and cytocompatibility were systematically evaluated. The results demonstrated successful copolymerization and development of the microgels, a hydrodynamic size ranging from ∼200 to ∼500 nm, and VPTT in the range of 34-39 °C. Furthermore, loading of genipin, capable of inducing odontoblastic differentiation, and its sustained release over a week was shown in all formulations. Together, this can serve as a solid basis for the development of tunable drug-delivering pNIPAM-methylcellulose microgels for specific tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Salar Amoli
- Surface and Interface Engineered Materials (SIEM), Campus Group T, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 - box 2450, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Huimin Yang
- Surface and Interface Engineered Materials (SIEM), Campus Group T, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Resmi Anand
- Surface and Interface Engineered Materials (SIEM), Campus Group T, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mostafa EzEldeen
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Paediatric Dentistry and Special Dental Care, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Merve Kübra Aktan
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 - box 2450, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annabel Braem
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 - box 2450, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veerle Bloemen
- Surface and Interface Engineered Materials (SIEM), Campus Group T, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 - box 2450, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Husteden C, Brito Barrera YA, Tegtmeyer S, Borges J, Giselbrecht J, Menzel M, Langner A, Mano JF, Schmelzer CEH, Wölk C, Groth T. Lipoplex-Functionalized Thin-Film Surface Coating Based on Extracellular Matrix Components as Local Gene Delivery System to Control Osteogenic Stem Cell Differentiation. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201978. [PMID: 36377486 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A gene-activated surface coating is presented as a strategy to design smart biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. The thin-film coating is based on polyelectrolyte multilayers composed of collagen I and chondroitin sulfate, two main biopolymers of the bone extracellular matrix, which are fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly. For further functionalization, DNA/lipid-nanoparticles (lipoplexes) are incorporated into the multilayers. The polyelectrolyte multilayer fabrication and lipoplex deposition are analyzed by surface sensitive analytical methods that demonstrate successful thin-film formation, fibrillar structuring of collagen, and homogenous embedding of lipoplexes. Culture of mesenchymal stem cells on the lipoplex functionalized multilayer results in excellent attachment and growth of them, and also, their ability to take up cargo like fluorescence-labelled DNA from lipoplexes. The functionalization of the multilayer with lipoplexes encapsulating DNA encoding for transient expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 induces osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, which is shown by mRNA quantification for osteogenic genes and histochemical staining. In summary, the novel gene-functionalized and extracellular matrix mimicking multilayer composed of collagen I, chondroitin sulfate, and lipoplexes, represents a smart surface functionalization that holds great promise for tissue engineering constructs and implant coatings to promote regeneration of bone and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Husteden
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yazmin A Brito Barrera
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical Materials, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sophia Tegtmeyer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - João Borges
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Julia Giselbrecht
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Menzel
- Department of Biological and Macromolecular Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems (IMWS), Walter-Hülse-Str. 1, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Langner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Christian E H Schmelzer
- Department of Biological and Macromolecular Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems (IMWS), Walter-Hülse-Str. 1, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Wölk
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical Materials, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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3
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Gan Q, Pan H, Zhang W, Yuan Y, Qian J, Liu C. Fabrication and evaluation of a BMP-2/dexamethasone co-loaded gelatin sponge scaffold for rapid bone regeneration. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac008. [PMID: 35592142 PMCID: PMC9113239 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the osteogenic activity of BMP-2 in vivo has significant clinical application value. In this research, we use a clinical gelatin sponge scaffold loaded with BMP-2 and dexamethasone (Dex) to evaluate the osteogenic activity of dual drugs via ectopic osteogenesis in vivo. We also investigate the mechanism of osteogenesis induced by BMP-2 and Dex with C2C12, a multipotent muscle-derived progenitor cell. The results show that the gelatin scaffold with Dex and BMP-2 can significantly accelerate osteogenesis in vivo. It is indicated that compared with the BMP-2 or Dex alone, 100 nM of Dex can dramatically enhance the BMP-2-induced alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), ALP mRNA expression and mineralization. Further studies show that 100 nM of Dex can maintain the secondary structure of BMP-2 and facilitate recognition of BMP-2 with its receptors on the surface of C2C12 cells. We also find that in C2C12, Dex has no obvious effect on the BMP-2-induced Smad1/5/8 protein expression and the STAT3-dependent pathway, but Runx2-dependent pathway is involved in the Dex-stimulated osteoblast differentiation of BMP-2 both in vitro and in vivo. Based on these results, a potential mechanism model about the synergistic osteoinductive effect of Dex and BMP-2 in C2C12 cells via Runx2 activation is proposed. This may provide a theoretical basis for the pre-clinical application of Dex and BMP-2 for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Hao Pan
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Jiangchao Qian
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
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Manokawinchoke J, Watcharawipas T, Ekmetipunth K, Jiamjirachart M, Osathanon T. Dorsomorphin attenuates Jagged1-induced mineralization in human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2021; 54:2229-2242. [PMID: 34455605 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether TGF-β/BMP signalling participates in Jagged1-induced osteogenic differentiation in human dental pulp cells (hDPs). METHODOLOGY Bioinformatic analysis of publicly available RNA sequencing data of Jagged1-treated hDPs was performed using NetworkAnalyst. The mRNA expression was validated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. hDPs were seeded on Jagged1 immobilized surfaces in the presence or absence of TGF-β or BMP inhibitor. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated using alkaline phosphatase staining, osteogenic marker gene expression and mineralization assay. Statistical analyses were performed using a Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by a pairwise comparison for more than three group comparison. Mann-Whitney U-test was employed for two group comparison. The statistical significance was considered at p < .05. RESULTS Jagged1 treatment in growth medium significantly promoted TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3 whilst significantly inhibited BMP2, BMP4 and BMP6 mRNA expression (p < .05). In osteogenic induction medium, Jagged1 significantly up-regulated TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3 at days 1 and 3 (p < .05). Pre-treatment with TGF-β1, TGF-β2 or TGF-β3 prior to osteogenic induction resulted in the significant increase of osteogenic marker gene expression, collagen type 1 protein expression, alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity and mineral deposition (p < .05). However, TGF-β signalling inhibition with SB431542 (4 μmol L-1 ) or SB505124 (47 and 129 nmol L-1 ) failed to attenuate the effect of Jagged1-induced osteogenic differentiation in hDPs. Dorsomorphin (4 and 8 μmol L-1 ) treatment significantly abolished the effect of Jagged1 on mineralization by hDPs (p < .05). CONCLUSION Notch signalling activation by Jagged1 modulated TGF-β and BMP ligand expression. Dorsomorphin, but not TGF-β receptor inhibitor, attenuated Jagged1-induced osteogenic differentiation in hDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thiphon Watcharawipas
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamoltham Ekmetipunth
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manoch Jiamjirachart
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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5
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Dubey S, Mishra R, Roy P, Singh RP. 3-D macro/microporous-nanofibrous bacterial cellulose scaffolds seeded with BMP-2 preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells exhibit remarkable potential for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:934-946. [PMID: 33189758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone repair using BMP-2 is a promising therapeutic approach in clinical practices, however, high dosages required to be effective pose issues of cost and safety. The present study explores the potential of low dose BMP-2 treatment via tissue engineering approach, which amalgamates 3-D macro/microporous-nanofibrous bacterial cellulose (mNBC) scaffolds and low dose BMP-2 primed murine mesenchymal stem cells (C3H10T1/2 cells). Initial studies on cell-scaffold interaction using unprimed C3H10T1/2 cells confirmed that scaffolds provided a propitious environment for cell adhesion, growth, and infiltration, owing to its ECM-mimicking nano-micro-macro architecture. Osteogenic studies were conducted by preconditioning the cells with 50 ng/mL BMP-2 for 15 min, followed by culturing on mNBC scaffolds for up to three weeks. The results showed an early onset and significantly enhanced bone matrix secretion and maturation in the scaffolds seeded with BMP-2 primed cells compared to the unprimed ones. Moreover, mNBC scaffolds alone were able to facilitate the mineralization of cells to some extent. These findings suggest that, with the aid of 'osteoinduction' from low dose BMP-2 priming of stem cells and 'osteoconduction' from nano-macro/micro topography of mNBC scaffolds, a cost-effective bone tissue engineering strategy can be designed for quick and excellent in vivo osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Dubey
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
| | - Rutusmita Mishra
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - R P Singh
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
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Kandalam U, Kawai T, Ravindran G, Brockman R, Romero J, Munro M, Ortiz J, Heidari A, Thomas R, Kuriakose S, Naglieri C, Ejtemai S, Kaltman SI. Predifferentiated Gingival Stem Cell-Induced Bone Regeneration in Rat Alveolar Bone Defect Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:424-436. [PMID: 32729362 PMCID: PMC8098763 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft alveolus, a common birth defect of the maxillary bone, affects one in 700 live births every year. This defect is traditionally restored by autogenous bone grafts or allografts, which may possibly cause complications. Cell-based therapies using the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from human gingiva (gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells [GMSCs]) is attracting the research interest due to their highly proliferative and multilineage differentiation capacity. Undifferentiated GMSCs expressed high level of MSC-distinctive surface antigens, including CD73, CD105, CD90, and CD166. Importantly, GMSCs induced with osteogenic medium for a week increased the surface markers of osteogenic phenotypes, such as CD10, CD92, and CD140b, indicating their osteogenic potential. The objective of this study was to assess the bone regenerative efficacy of predifferentiated GMSCs (dGMSCs) toward an osteogenic lineage in combination with a self-assembling hydrogel scaffold PuraMatrix™ (PM) and/or bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), on a rodent model of maxillary alveolar bone defect. A critical size maxillary alveolar defect of 7 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm was surgically created in athymic nude rats. The defect was filled with either PM/BMP2 or PM/dGMSCs or the combination of three (PM/dGMSCs/BMP2) and the bone regeneration was evaluated at 4 and 8 weeks postsurgery. New bone formation was evaluated by microcomputed tomography and histology using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. The results demonstrated the absence of spontaneous bone healing, either at 4 or 8 weeks postsurgery in the defect group. However, the PM/dGMSCs/BMP2 group showed significant enhancement in bone regeneration at 4 and 8 weeks postsurgery, compared with the transplantation of individual material/cells alone. Apart from developing the smallest critical size defect, results showed that PM/dGMSCs/BMP2 could serve as a promising option for the regeneration of bone in the cranio/maxillofacial region in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umadevi Kandalam
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Geeta Ravindran
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ross Brockman
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.,Oral and Maxillofacial, LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jorge Romero
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew Munro
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Julian Ortiz
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Alireza Heidari
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Ron Thomas
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Sajish Kuriakose
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery and College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher Naglieri
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Shaileen Ejtemai
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Steven I Kaltman
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
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E LL, Cheng T, Li CJ, Zhang R, Zhang S, Liu HC, Zheng WJ. Combined Use of Recombinant Human BMP-7 and Osteogenic Media May Have No Ideal Synergistic Effect on Leporine Bone Regeneration of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded on Nanohydroxyapatite/Collagen/Poly (l-Lactide). Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1215-1228. [PMID: 32674666 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are a promising alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are enormously attractive for clinical use. This study was designed to investigate the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7) and/or osteogenic media (OMD) on bone regeneration of hUC-MSCs seeded on nanohydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(l-lactide) (nHAC/PLA) in a rabbit model. The characteristics of stem cells were analyzed by plastic adherence, cell phenotype, and multilineage differentiation potential. Cell proliferation was examined using cell counting kit-8 assay. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by quantitative Ca2+ concentration, PO43- concentration, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin (OCN) secretion, and mineralized matrix formation. Bone regeneration was investigated in jaw bone defect repair in rabbit by microcomputed tomography, fluorescent labeling, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Except for initial stress response, OMD and OMD + rhBMP-7 inhibited the proliferation of hUC-MSCs seeded on nHAC/PLA; rhBMP-7 inhibited cell proliferation in the nonlogarithmic phase and attenuated the inhibitory effect of OMD on cell proliferation. The inhibitory effects of OMD, rhBMP-7, and OMD + rhBMP-7 on cell proliferation were ranked as OMD > OMD + rhBMP-7 > rhBMP-7. OMD, rhBMP-7, and OMD + rhBMP-7 promoted Ca2+ concentration, PO43- concentration, ALP activity, OCN secretion, and mineralized matrix formation of hUC-MSCs seeded on nHAC/PLA. The promoting effects of OMD, rhBMP-7, and OMD+rhBMP-7 on Ca2+ concentration, PO43- concentration, ALP activity, OCN secretion, and mineralized matrix formation were ranked as rhBMP-7 > OMD > OMD + rhBMP-7, OMD > OMD + rhBMP-7 > rhBMP-7, OMD > rhBMP-7 > OMD + rhBMP-7, rhBMP-7 > OMD + rhBMP-7 > OMD, and OMD > rhBMP-7 > OMD + rhBMP-7, respectively. In rabbit jaw bone defect repair, OMD, rhBMP-7, and OMD + rhBMP-7 enhanced bone regeneration of hUC-MSCs seeded on nHAC/PLA, but the largest bone mineral apposition rate and bone formation were presented in cultures with rhBMP-7. These findings suggested that the combined use of rhBMP-7 and OMD may have no ideal synergistic effect on bone regeneration of hUC-MSCs seeded on nHAC/PLA in rabbit jaw bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling E
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Institute of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Jie Li
- Institute of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Institute of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Chen Liu
- Institute of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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May RD, Frauchiger DA, Albers CE, Tekari A, Benneker LM, Klenke FM, Hofstetter W, Gantenbein B. Application of Cytokines of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Family in Spinal Fusion - Effects on the Bone, Intervertebral Disc and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 14:618-643. [PMID: 31455201 PMCID: PMC7040507 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190628103528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Low back pain is a prevalent socio-economic burden and is often associated with damaged or degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs). When conservative therapy fails, removal of the IVD (discectomy), followed by intersomatic spinal fusion, is currently the standard practice in clinics. The remaining space is filled with an intersomatic device (cage) and with bone substitutes to achieve disc height compensation and bone fusion. As a complication, in up to 30% of cases, spinal non-fusions result in a painful pseudoarthrosis. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been clinically applied with varied outcomes. Several members of the BMP family, such as BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, BMP7, and BMP9, are known to induce osteogenesis. Questions remain on why hyper-physiological doses of BMPs do not show beneficial effects in certain patients. In this respect, BMP antagonists secreted by mesenchymal cells, which might interfere with or block the action of BMPs, have drawn research attention as possible targets for the enhancement of spinal fusion or the prevention of non-unions. Examples of these antagonists are noggin, gremlin1 and 2, chordin, follistatin, BMP3, and twisted gastrulation. In this review, we discuss current evidence of the osteogenic effects of several members of the BMP family on osteoblasts, IVD cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells. We consider in vitro and in vivo studies performed in human, mouse, rat, and rabbit related to BMP and BMP antagonists in the last two decades. We give insights into the effects that BMP have on the ossification of the spine. Furthermore, the benefits, pitfalls, and possible safety concerns using these cytokines for the improvement of spinal fusion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Deborah May
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Emmanuel Albers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adel Tekari
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lorin Michael Benneker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frank Michael Klenke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Willy Hofstetter
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Gantenbein
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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9
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Wu Z, Bao C, Zhou S, Yang T, Wang L, Li M, Li L, Luo E, Yu Y, Wang Y, Guo X, Liu X. The synergetic effect of bioactive molecule-loaded electrospun core-shell fibres for reconstruction of critical-sized calvarial bone defect-The effect of synergetic release on bone Formation. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12796. [PMID: 32202021 PMCID: PMC7162799 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone regeneration is a complex process modulated by multiple growth factors and hormones during long regeneration period; thus, designing biomaterials with the capacity to deliver multiple bioactive molecules and obtain sustained release has gained an increasing popularity in recent years. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of a novel core-shell electrospun fibre loaded with dexamethasone (DEX) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on bone regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS The core-shell electrospun fibres were fabricated by coaxial electrospinning technology, which were composed of poly-D, L-lactide (PLA) shell and poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) core embedded with BMP-2 and DEX-loaded micelles. Morphology, hydrophilicity, gradation, release profile of BMP-2 and DEX, and cytological behaviour on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were characterized. Furthermore, the effect on bone regeneration was evaluated via critical-sized calvarial defect model. RESULTS The electrospun fibres were featured by the core-shell fibrous architecture and a suitable degradation rate. The sustained release of DEX and BMP-2 was up to 562 hours. The osteogenic gene expression and calcium deposition of BMSCs were significantly enhanced, indicating the osteoinduction capacity of electrospun fibres. This core-shell fibre could accelerate repair of calvarial defects in vivo via synergistic effect. CONCLUSIONS This core-shell electrospun fibre loaded with DEX and BMP-2 can act synergistically to enhance bone regeneration, which stands as a strong potential candidate for repairing bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Periodontology and ImplantologyStomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chongyun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Liao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Mingzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduChina
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yingjie Yu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMAUSA
| | - Yushu Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMAUSA
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduChina
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10
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Leite DM, Sousa DM, Lamghari M, Pêgo AP. Exploring Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Poly(Trimethylene Carbonate) Nanoparticles as Carriers of Hydrophobic Drugs to Modulate Osteoblastic Activity. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1594-1604. [PMID: 31935391 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment options for bone-related disorders rely on a systemic administration of therapeutic agents that possess low solubility and intracellular bioavailability, as well as a high pharmacokinetic variability, which in turn lead to major off-target side effects. Hence, there is an unmet need of developing drug delivery systems that can improve the clinical efficacy of such therapeutic agents. Nanoparticle delivery systems might serve as promising carriers of hydrophobic molecules. Here, we propose 2 nanoparticle-based delivery systems based on monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(trimethyl carbonate) (mPEG-PTMC) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) for the intracellular controlled release of a small hydrophobic drug (dexamethasone) to osteoblast cells in vitro. mPEG-PTMC self-assembles into stable nanoparticles in the absence of surfactant and shows a greater entrapment capacity of dexamethasone, while assuring bioactivity in MC3T3-E1 and bone marrow stromal cells cultured under apoptotic and osteogenic conditions, respectively. The mPEG-PTMC nanoparticles represent a potential vector for the intracellular delivery of hydrophobic drugs in the framework of bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Leite
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela M Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Pêgo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Osteoclast Formation within a Human Co-Culture System on Bone Material as an In Vitro Model for Bone Remodeling Processes. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/jfmk3010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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12
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Thiagarajan L, Abu‐Awwad HAM, Dixon JE. Osteogenic Programming of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Highly Efficient Intracellular Delivery of RUNX2. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:2146-2159. [PMID: 29090533 PMCID: PMC5702512 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being exploited in regenerative medicine due to their tri-lineage differentiation and immunomodulation activity. Currently, there are two major challenges when directing the differentiation of MSCs for therapeutic applications. First, chemical and growth factor strategies to direct osteogenesis in vivo lack specificity for targeted delivery with desired effects. Second, MSC differentiation by gene therapy is difficult as transfection with existing approaches is clinically impractical (viral transfection) or have low efficacy (lipid-mediated transfection). These challenges can be avoided by directly delivering nonvirally derived recombinant protein transcription factors with the glycosaminoglycan-binding enhanced transduction (GET) delivery system (P21 and 8R peptides). We used the osteogenic master regulator, RUNX2 as a programming factor due to its stage-specific role in osteochondral differentiation pathways. Herein, we engineered GET-fusion proteins and compared sequential osteogenic changes in MSCs, induced by exposure to GET fusion proteins or conventional stimulation methods (dexamethasone and Bone morphogenetic protein 2). By assessing loss of stem cell-surface markers, upregulation of osteogenic genes and matrix mineralization, we demonstrate that GET-RUNX2 efficiently transduces MSCs and triggers osteogenesis by enhancing target gene expression directly. The high transduction efficiency of GET system holds great promise for stem cell therapies by allowing reproducible transcriptional control in stem cells, potentially bypassing problems observed with high-concentration growth-factor or pleiotropic steroid therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:2146-2159.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Thiagarajan
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Hosam Al‐Deen M. Abu‐Awwad
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - James E. Dixon
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
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Burger MG, Steinitz A, Geurts J, Pippenger BE, Schaefer DJ, Martin I, Barbero A, Pelttari K. Ascorbic Acid Attenuates Senescence of Human Osteoarthritic Osteoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122517. [PMID: 29186811 PMCID: PMC5751120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells is implicated in the pathology of several age-related diseases. While the clearance of senescent cells has been suggested as a therapeutic target for patients with osteoarthritis (OA), cellular senescence of bone-resident osteoblasts (OB) remains poorly explored. Since oxidative stress is a well-known inducer of cellular senescence, we here investigated the effect of antioxidant supplementation on the isolation efficiency, expansion, differentiation potential, and transcriptomic profile of OB from osteoarthritic subchondral bone. Bone chips were harvested from sclerotic and non-sclerotic regions of the subchondral bone of human OA joints. The application of 0.1 mM ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AA) significantly increased the number of outgrowing cells and their proliferation capacity. This enhanced proliferative capacity showed a negative correlation with the amount of senescent cells and was accompanied by decreased expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured OB. Expanded cells continued to express differentiated OB markers independently of AA supplementation and demonstrated no changes in their capacity to osteogenically differentiate. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that apoptotic, cell cycle–proliferation, and catabolic pathways were the main pathways affected in the presence of AA during OB expansion. Supplementation with AA can thus help to expand subchondral bone OB in vitro while maintaining their special cellular characteristics. The clearance of such senescent OB could be envisioned as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian G. Burger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.G.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (K.P.)
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Amir Steinitz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.G.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (K.P.)
- Departments for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen Geurts
- Departments Spine Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (J.G.); (B.E.P.)
| | - Benjamin E. Pippenger
- Departments Spine Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (J.G.); (B.E.P.)
| | - Dirk J. Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.G.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.G.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (K.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-61-265-2384
| | - Karoliina Pelttari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.G.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (K.P.)
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Klontzas ME, Vernardis SI, Heliotis M, Tsiridis E, Mantalaris A. Metabolomics Analysis of the Osteogenic Differentiation of Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reveals Differential Sensitivity to Osteogenic Agents. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:723-733. [PMID: 28418785 PMCID: PMC5439454 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of fetal origin, such as umbilical cord blood MSCs (UCB MSCs), have emerged as a promising cell source for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration because of their higher proliferation potential, lack of donor site morbidity, and their off-the-shelf potential. MSCs differentiated toward the osteogenic lineage exhibit a specific metabolic phenotype characterized by reliance to oxidative phosphorylation for energy production and reduced glycolytic rates. Currently, limited information exists on the metabolic transitions at different stages of the osteogenic process after osteoinduction with different agents. Herein, the osteoinduction efficiency of BMP-2 and dexamethasone on UCB MSCs was assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics analysis, revealing metabolic discrepancies at 7, 14, and 21 days of induction. Whereas both agents when administered individually were able to induce collagen I, osteocalcin, and osteonectin expression, BMP-2 was less effective than dexamethasone in promoting alkaline phosphatase expression. The metabolomics analysis revealed that each agent induced distinct metabolic alterations, including changes in amino acid pools, glutaminolysis, one-carbon metabolism, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Importantly, we showed that in vitro-differentiated UCB MSCs acquire a metabolic physiology similar to primary osteoblasts when induced with dexamethasone but not with BMP-2, highlighting the fact that metabolomics analysis is sensitive enough to reveal potential differences in the osteogenic efficiency and can be used as a quality control assay for evaluating the osteogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail E Klontzas
- 1 Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Spyros I Vernardis
- 1 Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Manolis Heliotis
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital , London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleftherios Tsiridis
- 3 Academic Orthopaedic Unit, Aristotle University Medical School , Thessaloniki, Greece .,4 Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Surgery, Imperial College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- 1 Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College London , London, United Kingdom
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15
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Moeinzadeh S, Shariati SRP, Kader S, Melero-Martin JM, Jabbari E. Devitalized Stem Cell Microsheets for Sustainable Release of Osteogenic and Vasculogenic Growth Factors and Regulation of Anti-Inflammatory Immune Response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1. [PMID: 30221188 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of devitalized human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) seeded on mineralized nanofiber microsheets on protein release, osteogenesis, vasculogenesis, and macrophage polarization. Calcium phosphate nanocrystals were grown on the surface of aligned, functionalized nanofiber microsheets. The microsheets were seeded with hMSCs, ECFCs, or a mixture of hMSCs+ECFCs, cultured for cell attachment, differentiated to the osteogenic or vasculogenic lineage, and devitalized by lyophilization. The release kinetic of total protein, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from the devitalized microsheets was measured. Next, hMSCs and/or ECFCs were seeded on the devitalized cell microsheets and cultured in the absence of osteo-/vasculo-inductive factors to determine the effect of devitalized cell microsheets on hMSC/ECFC differentiation. Human macrophages were seeded on the microsheets to determine the effect of devitalized cells on macrophage polarization. Based on the results, devitalized undifferentiated hMSC and vasculogenic-differentiated ECFC microsheets had highest sustained release of BMP2 and VEGF, respectively. The devitalized hMSC microsheets did not affect M2 macrophage polarization while vascular-differentiated, devitalized ECFC microsheets did not affect M1 polarization. Both groups stimulated higher M2 macrophage polarization compared to M1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Seyed Ramin Pajoum Shariati
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Safaa Kader
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Juan M Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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16
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Donor Age and Cell Passage Affect Osteogenic Ability of Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 72:543-9. [PMID: 25634304 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering allows the restoration of pathologically damaged tissues such as cartilage and bone using bio-scaffolds containing functionally active cells. Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a promising source of cells for tissue engineering due to their multilineage differentiation potential. However, proliferative and osteogenic abilities of BMSCs, and quantity of stem cells decreases in the bone marrow in aged population. We cultured BMSCs isolated from rats of various ages and evaluated their morphology, activity, and differentiation potential. Cultured BMSCs formed monolayer of fibroblast-like cells and maintained their characteristic morphology for 7-10 generations. Flow cytometry showed that aging of the cultured cell population correlated with the decrease in the expression of mesenchymal and hematopoietic surface markers, such as CD44, CD45, CD90, and CD29. We detected strong correlation between the age of BMSC donor and ALP activity in BMSC culture induced with low doses of dexamethasone and vitamin C. Cells from 2- and 6-week-old donor SD rats exhibited markedly increased ALP activity that coincided with increased bone content and strong positive staining of mineralized nodules. In contrast, BMSCs isolated from 10-month-old donors showed the lowest ALP activity, and decreased bone content and mineralized nodules formation. Our results demonstrate that the increase in donor age negatively affects proliferation and differentiation capacity of BMSCs in culture.
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17
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Atalayin C, Tezel H, Dagci T, Karabay Yavasoglu NU, Oktem G, Kose T. In vivo performance of different scaffolds for dental pulp stem cells induced for odontogenic differentiation. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e120. [PMID: 27901202 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the in vivo performance of three different materials as scaffolds for dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) undergoing induced odontogenic differentiation. An odontogenic medium modified by the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 was used in the experimental groups to induce differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cell medium was used in the control groups. DPSC were transplanted onto the backs of mice via three scaffolds: copolymer of L-lactide and DL-lactide (PLDL), copolymer of DL-lactide (PDL) and hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP). The expression levels of dentin sialo-phosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1), enamelysin/matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP20) and phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on X chromosome (PHEX) were analysed using RT-PCR. The expressions in the experimental groups were compared to those in the control groups. The transcript expressions at 6 and 12 weeks were significantly different for all scaffolds (p < 0.05), except for the expression of DSPP in the PLDL group with regard to the time variable. Although there was a decrease in the expression of enamelysin/MMP20 in PLDL and HA/TCP at 12 weeks, all other expressions increased and reached their highest level at 12 weeks. The highest DSPP expression was in the PDL group (p < 0.05). The highest expression of DMP1 was detected in the HA/TCP group (p < 0.05). The highest expression of PHEX was in the PLDL group (p < 0.05). Consequently, PLDL and PDL seemed to be promising scaffold candidates for odontogenic regeneration at least as HA-TCP, when they were applied with the DPSC induced for odontogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Atalayin
- Ege University, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Tezel
- Ege University, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Taner Dagci
- Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Gulperi Oktem
- Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Timur Kose
- Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Izmir, Turkey
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18
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Isyar M, Gumustas SA, Yilmaz I, Sirin DY, Tosun HB, Mahirogullari M. Are We Economically Efficient Enough to Increase the Potential of in Vitro Proliferation of Osteoblasts by Means of Pharmacochemical Agents? Open Orthop J 2016; 10:420-430. [PMID: 27708738 PMCID: PMC5034028 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001610010420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to test the necessity of using expensive and unaccesible pharmacological-chemical agents in the proliferation of bone tissue cultures and in the induction of mineralized matrix formation to increase the osteogenic effect. Methods: For this purpose, human primary cell cultures were prepared and then divided into two groups. Whereas the cells in group I were fed with an osteoblast stimulator medium containing Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and β-glycerophosphate, the cells in group II were fed with DMEM containing dexamethasone and 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium salt. Both groups were evaluated in terms of viability, toxicity, and proliferation and then compared in terms of cell surface morphology through inverted light and environmental scanning electron microscopy. In addition to immunoflow cytometric analyses, the effects of alkaline phosphatase activities were evaluated using the spectrophotometric method to examine the osteoblastic activities. Costs were calculated in the currency of the European Union (Euros). The Tukey Honestly Significant Difference test was used to reach the statistical evaluation of the data after the analysis of variance. Results: It was reported that the level of the alkaline phosphates was higher in group I compared to group II. It was observed that the surface morphology quality, the number of living cells, and proliferation were higher in group II and that the results were deemed statistically significant. Conclusion: It was found that the 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium salt and dexamethasone mixture was as effective as the expensive commercial kits on the osteogenic effect on human primary bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Isyar
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, 34214, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyit Ali Gumustas
- General Secretariat of the Public Hospitals Union, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, 59100, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Yilmaz
- Department of Pharmacovigilance, Materiovigilance and Rational Use of Drugs, State Hospital, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, 59100, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Duygu Yasar Sirin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 59100, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Hacı Bayram Tosun
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Adiyaman University School of Medicine, 02000, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Mahir Mahirogullari
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, 34214, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Ding Z, Fan Z, Huang X, Lu Q, Xu W, Kaplan DL. Silk-Hydroxyapatite Nanoscale Scaffolds with Programmable Growth Factor Delivery for Bone Repair. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:24463-70. [PMID: 27579921 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Osteoinductive biomaterials are attractive for repairing a variety of bone defects, and biomimetic strategies are useful toward developing bone scaffolds with such capacity. Here, a multiple biomimetic design was developed to improve the osteogenesis capacity of composite scaffolds consisting of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA) and silk fibroin (SF). SF nanofibers and water-dispersible HA nanoparticles were blended to prepare the nanoscaled composite scaffolds with a uniform distribution of HA with a high HA content (40%), imitating the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was loaded in the SF scaffolds and HA to tune BMP-2 release. In vitro studies showed the preservation of BMP-2 bioactivity in the composite scaffolds, and programmable sustained release was achieved through adjusting the ratio of BMP-2 loaded on SF and HA. In vitro and in vivo osteogenesis studies demonstrated that the composite scaffolds showed improved osteogenesis capacity under suitable BMP-2 release conditions, significantly better than that of BMP-2 loaded SF-HA composite scaffolds reported previously. Therefore, these biomimetic SF-HA nanoscaled scaffolds with tunable BMP-2 delivery provide preferable microenvironments for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhao Ding
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihai Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Weian Xu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Ehnert S, Aspera-Werz RH, Freude T, Reumann MK, Ochs BG, Bahrs C, Schröter S, Wintermeyer E, Nussler AK, Pscherer S. Distinct Gene Expression Patterns Defining Human Osteoblasts' Response to BMP2 Treatment: Is the Therapeutic Success All a Matter of Timing? Eur Surg Res 2016; 57:197-210. [DOI: 10.1159/000447089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play a key role in bone formation. Local application of BMP2 (Dibotermin alfa) supports bone formation when applied to complex fractures. However, up to 33% of patients do not respond to this therapy. Purpose: Aiming to investigate whether inter-individual responses to BMP2 treatment can be predicted by gene expression patterns, we investigated the effect of BMP2 on primary human osteoblasts and THP-1 cell-derived osteoclasts from 110 donors. Methods: Osteoblasts were obtained by collagenase digestion of spongy bone tissues. Osteoclasts were differentiated from THP-1 cells using the conditioned media of the osteoblasts. Viability was determined by resazurin conversion. As functional characteristics AP and Trap5B activity were measured. Gene expression levels were determined by RT-PCR in 21 of the 110 evaluated donors and visualized by electrophoresis. Results: Based on our data, we could classify three response groups: (i) In 51.8% of all donors, BMP2 treatment induced osteoblast function. These donors strongly expressed the BMP2 inhibitor Noggin (NOG), the alternative BMP2 receptors repulsive guidance molecule B (RGMb) and activin receptor-like kinase 6 (Alk6), as well as the Wnt inhibitor sclerostin (SOST). (ii) In 17.3% of all donors, BMP2 treatment induced viability. In these donors, the initial high SOST expression significantly dropped with BMP2 treatment. (iii) 30.9% of all donors were not directly affected by BMP2 treatment. These donors expressed high levels of the pseudoreceptor BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) and lacked SOST expression. In all donors, SOST expression correlated directly with receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expression, defining the cells' potential to stimulate osteoclastogenesis. Conclusions: Our data identified three donor groups profiting from BMP2 treatment either directly via stimulation of osteoblast function or viability and/or indirectly via inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, depending on their expression of BAMBI, SOST, NOG, and RANKL. On the basis of patients' respective expression profiles, the clinical application of BMP2 as well as its timing might be modified in order to better fit the patients' needs to promote bone formation or to inhibit bone resorption.
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Vielreicher M, Gellner M, Rottensteiner U, Horch RE, Arkudas A, Friedrich O. Multiphoton microscopy analysis of extracellular collagen I network formation by mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:2104-2115. [PMID: 26712389 DOI: 10.1002/term.2107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Collagen I is the major fibrous extracellular component of bone responsible for its ultimate tensile strength. In tissue engineering, one of the most important challenges for tissue formation is to get cells interconnected via a strong and functional extracellular matrix (ECM), mimicking as closely as possible the natural ECM geometry. Still missing in tissue engineering are: (a) a versatile, high-resolution and non-invasive approach to evaluate and quantify different aspects of ECM development within engineered biomimetic scaffolds online; and (b) deeper insights into the mechanism whereby cellular matrix production is enhanced in 3D cell-scaffold composites, putatively via enhanced focal adhesion linkage, over the 2D setting. In this study, we developed sensitive morphometric detection methods for collagen I-producing and bone-forming mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), based on multiphoton second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, and used those techniques to compare collagen I production capabilities in 2D- and 3D-arranged cells. We found that stimulating cells with 1% serum in the presence of ascorbic acid is superior to other medium conditions tested, including classical osteogenic medium. In contrast to conventional 2D culture, having MSCs packed closely in a 3D environment presumably stimulates cells to produce strong and complex collagen I networks with defined network structures (visible in SHG images) and improves collagen production. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vielreicher
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Monika Gellner
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rottensteiner
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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Wechsler ME, Hermann BP, Bizios R. Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation at the Cell Population and Single-Cell Levels Under Alternating Electric Current. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 22:155-164. [PMID: 26573771 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells, precursors that can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, have tremendous potential for derivation of cells with specific (e.g., osteogenic) phenotypes for tissue engineering and tissue regeneration applications. To date, the predominant strategy to achieve directed differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts was to recapitulate the normal developmental ontogeny of osteoblasts using growth factors (e.g., bone morphogenetic proteins). In contrast, the effects of biophysical stimuli alone on such outcomes remain, at best, partially understood. This in vitro study examined and optimized the effects of alternating electric current alone on the differentiation of adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) at the cell population and single-cell levels. hMSCs, cultured on flat, indium-tin-oxide-coated glass in the absence of supplemented exogenous growth factors were exposed to alternating electric current (5-40 μA, 5-10 Hz frequency, sinusoidal waveform), for 1-24 h daily for up to 21 consecutive days. Compared to results obtained from the respective controls, hMSC populations exposed to the alternating electric current alone (in the absence of exogenous growth factors) expressed genes at various stages of differentiation (specifically, TAZ, Runx-2, Osterix, Osteopontin, and Osteocalcin). Optimal osteogenic differentiation was achieved when hMSCs were exposed to a 10 μA, 10 Hz alternating electric current for 6 h daily for up to 21 days. Exclusive osteodifferentiation was observed since genes for the chondrocyte (Collagen Type II) and adipocyte (FABP-4) lineages were not expressed under all conditions of the biophysical stimulus tested. Single cell mRNAs for 45 genes (indicative of hMSC differentiation) were monitored using Fluidigm Systems. Homogeneous expression of the early osteodifferentiation genes (specifically, TAZ and Runx-2) was observed in hMSCs exposed to the alternating electric current at 7 and 21 days. Heterogeneity for all other genes monitored was observed in hMSCs exposed to alternating electric current and in their respective controls. These results provide the first glimpse of gene expression in differentiating hMSCs at the cell population and single-cell levels and represent novel approaches for stem cell differentiation pertinent to new tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa E Wechsler
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Brian P Hermann
- 2 Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rena Bizios
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
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Haversath M, Hülsen T, Böge C, Tassemeier T, Landgraeber S, Herten M, Warwas S, Krauspe R, Jäger M. Osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells on PDLLA + BMP-2-coated titanium alloy surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:145-54. [PMID: 26268470 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RhBMP-2 is clinically applied to enhance bone healing and used in combination with titanium fixation implants. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of hMSC on native polished versus sandblasted titanium surfaces (TS) and to test their behavior on pure poly-D,L-lactide (PDLLA) coated as well as PDLLA + rhBMP-2 coated TS. Furthermore, the release kinetics of PDLLA + rhBMP-2-coated TS was investigated. Human bone marrow cells were obtained from three different donors (A: male, 16 yrs; B: male, 27 yrs, C: male, 49 yrs) followed by density gradient centrifugation and flow cytometry with defined antigens. The cells were seeded on native polished and sandblasted TS, PDLLA-coated TS and PDLLA + rhBMP-2-coated TS. Osteogenic differentiation (ALP specific activity via ALP and BCA assay) and proliferation (LDH cytotoxicity assay) was examined on day 7 and 14 and release kinetics of rhBMP-2 was investigated on day 3, 7, 10, and 14. We found significant higher ALP specific activity and LDH activity on native polished compared to native sandblasted surfaces. PDLLA led to decreased ALP specific and LDH activity on both surface finishes. Additional rhBMP-2 slightly diminished this effect. RhBMP-2-release from coated TS decreased nearly exponentially with highest concentrations at the beginning of the cultivation period. The results of this in vitro study suggest that native TS stimulate hMSC significantly stronger toward osteogenic differentiation and proliferation than rhBMP-2 + PDLLA-layered TS in the first 14 days of cultivation. The PDLLA-layer seems to inhibit local hMSC differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Haversath
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Hülsen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carolin Böge
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tjark Tassemeier
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Landgraeber
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Monika Herten
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Warwas
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Krauspe
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcus Jäger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Gamie Z, MacFarlane RJ, Tomkinson A, Moniakis A, Tran GT, Gamie Y, Mantalaris A, Tsiridis E. Skeletal tissue engineering using mesenchymal or embryonic stem cells: clinical and experimental data. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 14:1611-39. [PMID: 25303322 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.945414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from a wide variety of tissues for bone tissue engineering such as bone marrow, adipose, birth-associated, peripheral blood, periosteum, dental and muscle. MSCs from human fetal bone marrow and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are also promising cell sources. AREAS COVERED In vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence was collected using MEDLINE® (1950 to January 2014), EMBASE (1980 to January 2014) and Google Scholar (1980 to January 2014) databases. EXPERT OPINION Enhanced results have been found when combining bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) with recently developed scaffolds such as glass ceramics and starch-based polymeric scaffolds. Preclinical studies investigating adipose tissue-derived stem cells and umbilical cord tissue-derived stem cells suggest that they are likely to become promising alternatives. Stem cells derived from periosteum and dental tissues such as the periodontal ligament have an osteogenic potential similar to BMMSCs. Stem cells from human fetal bone marrow have demonstrated superior proliferation and osteogenic differentiation than perinatal and postnatal tissues. Despite ethical concerns and potential for teratoma formation, developments have also been made for the use of ESCs in terms of culture and ideal scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakareya Gamie
- Aristotle University Medical School, 'PapaGeorgiou' Hospital, Academic Orthopaedic Unit , Thessaloniki , Greece
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25
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Qu X, Cao Y, Chen C, Die X, Kang Q. A poly(lactide-co-glycolide) film loaded with abundant bone morphogenetic protein-2: A substrate-promoting osteoblast attachment, proliferation, and differentiation in bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:2786-96. [PMID: 25847124 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Qu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400014 China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing; Chongqing 400014 China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing 400014 China
| | - Yujiang Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400014 China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing; Chongqing 400014 China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing 400014 China
| | - Cong Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400014 China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing; Chongqing 400014 China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing 400014 China
- Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy Engineering Technical Center; Chongqing 400014 China
| | - Xiaohong Die
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400014 China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing; Chongqing 400014 China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing 400014 China
- Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy Engineering Technical Center; Chongqing 400014 China
| | - Quan Kang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400014 China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing; Chongqing 400014 China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing 400014 China
- Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy Engineering Technical Center; Chongqing 400014 China
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26
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Gan Q, Zhu J, Yuan Y, Liu H, Qian J, Li Y, Liu C. A dual-delivery system of pH-responsive chitosan-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles bearing BMP-2 and dexamethasone for enhanced bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:2056-2066. [PMID: 32262373 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01897d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is considered one of the most effective and extensively used growth factors to induce osteoblast differentiation and accelerate bone regeneration. Dexamethasone (Dex) with suitable dosage can enhance BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation. To strengthen this synergistic osteoinductive effect, a pH-responsive chitosan-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticle (chi-MSN) ensemble was fabricated for dual-delivery of BMP-2 and Dex. The MSNs are prepared by a CTAB-templated sol-gel method, and further coated by chitosan via the crosslinking of glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS). The small Dex is encapsulated in the mesopores and the large BMP-2 is incorporated into the chitosan coating. These chi-MSNs can quickly release BMP-2 in a bioactive form and can then be efficiently endocytosed and further realize a controlled release of Dex with the decreased pH value into/in cells. With the synergistic action of BMP-2 and Dex outside and inside the cell, this dual hybrid delivery system can significantly stimulate osteoblast differentiation and bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Together, this dual-delivery strategy for osteogenic protein delivery may enhance clinical outcomes by retaining the bioactivity and optimizing the release mode of the drug/protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gan
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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27
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Li L, Zhou G, Wang Y, Yang G, Ding S, Zhou S. Controlled dual delivery of BMP-2 and dexamethasone by nanoparticle-embedded electrospun nanofibers for the efficient repair of critical-sized rat calvarial defect. Biomaterials 2015; 37:218-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Optimizing the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells by the synergistic action of growth factors. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014; 42:2002-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Abstract
Regenerative medicine is an alternative solution for organ transplantation. Stem cells and nanoscaffolds are two essential components in regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as primary adult stem cells with high proliferation capacity, wide differentiation potential, and immunosuppression properties which make them unique for regenerative medicine and cell therapy. Scaffolds are engineered nanofibers that provide suitable microenvironment for cell signalling which has a great influence on cell proliferation, differentiation, and biology. Recently, application of scaffolds and MSCs is being utilized in obtaining more homogenous population of MSCs with higher cell proliferation rate and greater differentiation potential, which are crucial factors in regenerative medicine. In this review, the definition, biology, source, characterization, and isolation of MSCs and current report of application of nanofibers in regenerative medicine in different lesions are discussed.
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Heggebö J, Haasters F, Polzer H, Schwarz C, Saller MM, Mutschler W, Schieker M, Prall WC. Aged human mesenchymal stem cells: the duration of bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulation determines induction or inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2014; 6:5242. [PMID: 25002931 PMCID: PMC4083304 DOI: 10.4081/or.2014.5242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a potent osteoinductive cytokine and a growing number of in vitro studies analyze its effects on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) derived from aged or osteoporotic donors. In these studies the exact quantification of osteogenic differentiation capacity is of fundamental interest. Nevertheless, the experimental conditions for osteogenic differentiation of aged hMSC have not been evaluated systematically and vary to a considerable extend. Aim of the study was to assess the influence of cell density, osteogenic differentiation media (ODM) change intervals and duration of BMP-2 stimulation on osteoinduction. Furthermore, time series were carried out for osteogenic differentiation and BMP-2 concentration in ODM/BMP-2 cell culture supernatants. The experiments were performed using hMSC isolated from femoral heads of aged patients undergoing hip joint replacement. ODM change intervals of 96 hours resulted in significantly higher calcium deposition compared to shorter intervals. A cell density of 80% prior to stimulation led to stronger osteoinduction compared to higher cell densities. In ODM, aged hMSC showed a significant induction of calcium deposition after 9 days. Added to ODM, BMP-2 showed a stable concentration in the cell culture supernatants for at least 96 hours. Addition of BMP-2 to ODM for the initial 4 days led to a significantly higher induction of osteogenic differentiation compared to ODM alone. On the other hand, addition of BMP-2 for 21 days almost abrogated the osteoinductive effect of ODM. We could demonstrate that the factors investigated have a substantial impact on the extent of osteogenic differentiation of aged hMSC. Consequently, it is of upmost importance to standardize the experimental conditions in order to enable comparability between different studies. We here define standard conditions for osteogenic differentiation in regard to the specific features of aged hMSC. The finding that BMP-2 induces or inhibits osteogenic differentiation in a time dependent manner indicates an age related alteration in signal transduction of hMSC and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jostein Heggebö
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich , Germany
| | - Florian Haasters
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich , Germany
| | - Hans Polzer
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich , Germany
| | - Christina Schwarz
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich , Germany
| | - Maximilian Michael Saller
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich , Germany
| | - Wolf Mutschler
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich , Germany
| | - Matthias Schieker
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich , Germany
| | - Wolf Christian Prall
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich , Germany
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Tillmann FP, Hofen D, Herten M, Krauspe R, Jäger M. Effects of Different 1-34 Parathyroid Hormone Dosages on Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 Secretion in Human Bone Marrow Cells following Osteogenic Differentiation. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2014; 6:5314. [PMID: 25002935 PMCID: PMC4083308 DOI: 10.4081/or.2014.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 as part of a hormonal bone-kidney-axis has been well established. Lately, FGF-23 has been suggested as an independent risk factor of death in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Hyperparathyroidism is a common feature of advanced kidney failure or end-stage renal disease. The independent effect of elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels on FGF-23 secretion is still a matter of debate and has not yet been studied in an in vitro model of human bone marrow cells (BMC) during osteogenic differentiation. BMC from three different donors were cultivated for 4 weeks in cell cultures devoid of vitamin D either without 1-34 PTH or with PTH concentrations of 10 or 100 pmol/L, respectively. After 28 days, protein expression of the cells was determined by immunocytochemical staining, whereas real time-polymerase chain reaction served to analyze gene expression of several osteoblastic (osteocalcin, RANKL, Runx-2 and ostase) and osteoclastic markers (RANK, TRAP-5b). The concentrations of FGF-23, ostase and TRAP-5b were determined by ELISA at weeks 2, 3 and 4. We found a basal expression of FGF-23 with no increase in FGF-23 secretion after stimulation with 10 pmol/L 1-34 PTH. Stimulation with 100 pmol/L PTH resulted in an increase in FGF-23 expression (14.1±3.6 pg/mL with no PTH, 13.7±4.0 pg/mL with 10 pmol/L, P=0.84 and 17.6±3.4 pg/mL with 100 pmol/L, P=0.047). These results suggest a vitamin D and PTH-independent FGF-23 expression in human BMC after osteogenic stimulation. As only higher PTH levels stimulated FGF-23 expression, a threshold level might be hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Hofen
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Heinrich-Heine Universität , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Monika Herten
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Heinrich-Heine Universität , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Krauspe
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Heinrich-Heine Universität , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcus Jäger
- Orthopädische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Essen , Germany
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Klineberg E, Haudenschild DR, Snow KD, Garitty S, Christiansen BA, Acharya C, Maitra S, Gupta MC. The effect of noggin interference in a rabbit posterolateral spinal fusion model. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2014; 23:2385-92. [PMID: 24740279 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-014-3252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Noggin protein levels and spinal fusion rates were compared in a rabbit model after application of siRNA against BMP antagonist noggin in paraspinal muscle. OBJECTIVE To test whether endogenous BMPs are sufficient to form bone in the absence of their antagonists, using noggin siRNA to interrupt the negative feedback loop on endogenous BMP within the paraspinal muscles in rabbits. Unused Posterolateral lumbar fusion is a standard surgical treatment for many spinal disorders, yet even under ideal conditions the rate of non-fusion approaches 25 %. BMPs are effective in promoting bone formation, and are inhibited by antagonists such as noggin. We have previously shown that in this model, endogenous BMPs are present and endogenous BMP antagonist noggin is strongly increased during spinal fusion. Previous studies have found that noggin siRNA enhanced spinal fusion in combination with supra-physiological amounts of exogenous BMP; however, the effect of the siRNA alone remains unknown. METHODS A posterolateral intertransverse rabbit lumbar fusion was utilized, as established by Boden et al. SiRNA against noggin was electroporated into paraspinal muscle to determine its effect on fusion. Outcome measures included noggin protein expression, and assessment of spinal fusion at 6 weeks. RESULTS SiRNAs were effective in reducing overexpressed noggin in vitro. Noggin protein was successfully knocked down in vivo for the initial 7 days in our rabbit model and returned to detectable levels by 4 weeks and to normal levels by 6 weeks. The overall fusion rate was not significantly enhanced compared to established controls from our earlier work (Tang et al.). CONCLUSIONS Early noggin suppression does not appear to enhance the BMP activity sufficiently to significantly affect final fusion rates in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Klineberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y St, Suite 3800, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA,
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Chatakun P, Núñez-Toldrà R, Díaz López EJ, Gil-Recio C, Martínez-Sarrà E, Hernández-Alfaro F, Ferrés-Padró E, Giner-Tarrida L, Atari M. The effect of five proteins on stem cells used for osteoblast differentiation and proliferation: a current review of the literature. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:113-42. [PMID: 23568025 PMCID: PMC11113514 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone-tissue engineering is a therapeutic target in the field of dental implant and orthopedic surgery. It is therefore essential to find a microenvironment that enhances the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts both from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and those derived from dental pulp. The aim of this review is to determine the relationship among the proteins fibronectin (FN), osteopontin (OPN), tenascin (TN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) and their ability to coat different types of biomaterials and surfaces to enhance osteoblast differentiation. Pre-treatment of biomaterials with FN during the initial phase of osteogenic differentiation on all types of surfaces, including slotted titanium and polymers, provides an ideal microenvironment that enhances adhesion, morphology, and proliferation of pluripotent and multipotent cells. Likewise, in the second stage of differentiation, surface coating with BMP2 decreases the diameter and the pore size of the scaffold, causing better adhesion and reduced proliferation of BMP-MSCs. Coating oligomerization surfaces with OPN and BSP promotes cell adhesion, but it is clear that the polymeric coating material BSP alone is insufficient to induce priming of MSCs and functional osteoblastic differentiation in vivo. Finally, TN is involved in mineralization and can accelerate new bone formation in a multicellular environment but has no effect on the initial stage of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Chatakun
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Police General Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - R. Núñez-Toldrà
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Chair of Regenerative Implantology MIS-UIC, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. J. Díaz López
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Gil-Recio
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Chair of Regenerative Implantology MIS-UIC, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Martínez-Sarrà
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Chair of Regenerative Implantology MIS-UIC, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Hernández-Alfaro
- Surgery and Oral Implantology Department, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Ferrés-Padró
- Surgery and Oral Implantology Department, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Fundacio Hospital de Nens de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Giner-Tarrida
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Chair of Regenerative Implantology MIS-UIC, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Atari
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Chair of Regenerative Implantology MIS-UIC, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Surgery and Oral Implantology Department, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Marsell R, Steen B, Bais MV, Mortlock DP, Einhorn TA, Gerstenfeld LC. Skeletal trauma generates systemic BMP2 activation that is temporally related to the mobilization of CD73+ cells. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:17-23. [PMID: 24018651 PMCID: PMC4263190 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between BMP2 expression and the recruitment of skeletogenic stem cells was assessed following bone marrow reaming. BMP2 expression was examined using transgenic mice in which β-galactosidase had been inserted into the coding region of BMP2. Stem cell mobilization was analyzed by FACS analysis using CD73, a marker associated with bone marrow stromal stem cells. BMP2 expression was induced in endosteal lining cells, cortical osteocytes and periosteal cells in both the reamed and in contralateral bones. BMP2 mRNA expression in the reamed bone showed an early peak within the first 24 h of reaming followed by a later peak at 7 days, while contralateral bones only showed the 7 days peak of expression. FACS analysis sorting on CD73 positive cells showed a 50% increase of these cells at 3 and 14 days in the marrow of the injured bone and a single peak at 14 days of the marrow cell population of the contralateral bone. A ∼20% increase of CD73 positive cells was seen in the peripheral blood 2 days after reaming. These data showed that traumatic bone injury caused a systemic induction of BMP2 expression and that this increase is correlated with the mobilization of CD73 positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Marsell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center715 Albany Street, R-205, Boston, 02118, Massachusetts
| | - Brandon Steen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center715 Albany Street, R-205, Boston, 02118, Massachusetts
| | - Manish V Bais
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center715 Albany Street, R-205, Boston, 02118, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas P Mortlock
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, Tennessee
| | - Thomas A Einhorn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center715 Albany Street, R-205, Boston, 02118, Massachusetts
| | - Louis C Gerstenfeld
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center715 Albany Street, R-205, Boston, 02118, Massachusetts
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Schneider H, Sedaghati B, Naumann A, Hacker MC, Schulz-Siegmund M. Gene silencing of chordin improves BMP-2 effects on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:335-45. [PMID: 23931154 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2 is known to potently induce osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells, strong individual differences have been reported. In part, this is due to internal antagonists of BMP-2 for example, noggin and chordin, secreted by differentiating cells. This enabling study was performed to prove the hypothesis that osteogenic effects of BMP-2 can be improved by transient nonviral gene silencing of chordin. We investigated the effect of siRNA against chordin on osteogenic differentiation in human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (hASC). Cells of two different donors were isolated after liposuction and proliferated for passage 4 or 5. On seeding, hASCs were transfected with siRNA using a commercial liposomal transfection reagent. Subsequently, cells were differentiated in the presence or absence of BMP-2 (100 ng/mL). Noncoding siRNA as well as siRNA against noggin served as a control. Osteogenic differentiation of hASC was determined by alkaline phosphase (ALP) activity and matrix mineralization. ALP activity of hASC treated with siRNA against chordin was increased for cells of both donors. In contrast, silencing of noggin had no effect in any of the donors. In combination with BMP-2, silencing of either chordin or noggin showed strongly improved ALP activity compared with the control group that was also supplemented with BMP-2. Mineralization was observed to start earlier in groups that received siRNA against chordin or noggin and showed increased amounts of incorporated calcium on day 15 compared with the control groups. Silencing chordin in hASCs was successful to increase BMP-2 effects on osteogenic differentiation in both donors, while effects of noggin silencing were reliably observed only in one of the two investigated donors. In contrast to noggin silencing, chordin silencing also increased osteogenic differentiation without supplemented BMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Schneider
- 1 Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Leipzig , Leipzig, Germany
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Xu HH, Liu SH, Guo QF, Liu QH, Li XY. Osteogenesis induced in goat bone marrow progenitor cells by recombinant adenovirus coexpressing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and basic fibroblast growth factor. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:809-14. [PMID: 24068195 PMCID: PMC3854432 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) have been shown to exhibit a synergistic effect to promote bone repair and healing. In this study, we constructed a novel adenovirus with high coexpression of BMP2 and bFGF and evaluated its effect on osteogenic differentiation of goat bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPCs). Recombinant adenovirus Ad-BMP2-bFGF was constructed by using the T2A sequence. BMPCs were isolated from goats by density gradient centrifugation and adherent cell culture, and were then infected with Ad-BMP2-bFGF or Ad-BMP2. Expression of BMP2 and bFGF was detected by ELISA, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was detected by an ALP assay kit. In addition, von Kossa staining and immunocytochemical staining of collagen II were performed on BMPCs 21 days after infection. There was a high coexpression of BMP2 and bFGF in BMPCs infected with Ad-BMP2-bFGF. Twenty-one days after infection, ALP activity was significantly higher in BMPCs infected with Ad-BMP2-bFGF than in those infected with Ad-BMP2. Larger and more mineralized calcium nodules, as well as stronger collagen II staining, were observed in BMPCs infected with Ad-BMP2-bFGF than in those infected with Ad-BMP2. In summary, we developed a novel adenovirus vector Ad-BMP2-bFGF for simultaneous high coexpression of BMP2 and bFGF, which could induce BMPCs to differentiate efficiently into osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yun YP, Lee SY, Kim HJ, Song JJ, Kim SE. Improvement of osteoblast functions by sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) from heparin-coated chitosan scaffold. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-013-0389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Guang LG, Boskey AL, Zhu W. Age-related CXC chemokine receptor-4-deficiency impairs osteogenic differentiation potency of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1813-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Cheng S, Wang W, Lin Z, Zhou P, Zhang X, Zhang W, Chen Q, Kou D, Ying X, Shen Y, Cheng X, Yu Z, Peng L, Lu C. Effects of extracellular calcium on viability and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. Hum Cell 2013; 26:114-20. [PMID: 23749732 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-012-0041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have been extensively used for tissue engineering. However, the effect of Ca(2+) on the viability and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs has yet to be evaluated. To determine the dose-dependent effect of Ca(2+) on viability and osteogenesis of BMSCs in vitro, BMSCs were cultured in calcium-free DMEM medium supplemented with various concentrations of Ca(2+) (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mM) from calcium citrate. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay and osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, Von Kossa staining, and real-time PCR. Ca(2+) stimulated BMSCs viability in a dose-dependent manner. At slightly higher concentrations (4 and 5 mM) in the culture, Ca(2+) significantly inhibited the activity of ALP on days 7 and 14 (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), significantly suppressed collagen synthesis (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and significantly elevated calcium deposition (P < 0.01) and mRNA levels of osteocalcin (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) and osteopontin (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Therefore, elevated concentrations of extracellular calcium may promote cell viability and late-stage osteogenic differentiation, but may suppress early-stage osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Cheng
- Trauma Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, 31 Long Hua Road, Haikou, 571100, China
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Valenzuela CD, Allori AC, Reformat DD, Sailon AM, Allen RJ, Davidson EH, Alikhani M, Bromage TG, Ricci JL, Warren SM. Characterization of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell combinations for vascularized bone engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1373-85. [PMID: 23343199 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since bone repair and regeneration depend on vasculogenesis and osteogenesis, both of these processes are essential for successful vascularized bone engineering. Using adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), we investigated temporal gene expression profiles, as well as bone nodule and endothelial tubule formation capacities, during osteogenic and vasculogenic ASC lineage commitment. Osteoprogenitor-enriched cell populations were found to express RUNX2, MSX2, SP7 (osterix), BGLAP (osteocalcin), SPARC (osteonectin), and SPP1 (osteopontin) in a temporally specific sequence. Irreversible commitment of ASCs to the osteogenic lineage occurred between days 6 and 9 of differentiation. Endothelioprogenitor-enriched cell populations expressed CD34, PECAM1 (CD31), ENG (CD105), FLT1 (Vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGFR1]), and KDR (VEGFR2). Capacity for microtubule formation was evident in as early as 3 days. Functional capacity was assessed in eight coculture combinations for both bone nodule and endothelial tubule formation, and the greatest expression of these end-differentiation phenotypes was observed in the combination of well-differentiated endothelial cells with less-differentiated osteoblastic cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate vascularized bone engineering utilizing ASCs is a promising enterprise, and that coculture strategies should focus on developing a more mature vascular network in combination with a less mature osteoblastic stromal cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian D Valenzuela
- Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Laboratories, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Shirota T, Shintani S, Yoshizawa Y, Kuboki Y, Sammons R, Yagami K. Optimal Diameter of Honeycomb Tunnel Structure induces Bone Regeneration and Metabolism by Promoting Angiogenesis for an Implant Circumference Bone Defect. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.22.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Çelebi B, Cloutier M, Rabelo RB, Balloni R, Mantovani D, Bandiera A. Human elastin-based recombinant biopolymers improve mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1546-54. [PMID: 23042756 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Elastin-based polypeptides are a class of smart biopolymers representing an important model in the design of biomaterials. The combination of biomimetic materials with cells that have great plasticity provides a promising strategy for the realization of highly engineered cell-based constructs for regenerative medicine and tissue repair applications. Two recombinant biopolymers inspired by human elastin are assessed as coating agents to prepare biomimetic surfaces for cell culture. These substrates are assayed for hBM MSC culture. The coated surfaces are also characterized with AFM to evaluate the topographical features of the deposited biopolymers. The results suggest that the elastin-derived biomimetic surfaces play a stimulatory role on osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Çelebi
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Laval University, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, PQ, Canada
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Moutsatsou P, Kassi E, Papavassiliou AG. Glucocorticoid receptor signaling in bone cells. Trends Mol Med 2012; 18:348-59. [PMID: 22578718 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are used for treating a wide range of diseases including inflammation and autoimmune disorders. However, there are drawbacks, primarily due to adverse effects on bone cells resulting in osteoporosis. Evidence indicates that the ratio of benefits to adverse effects depends greatly on glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated mechanisms. Delineating GR-mediated signaling in bone cells will allow development of selective GR ligands/agonists (SEGRAs), which would dissociate the positive therapeutic (anti-inflammatory) effects from the negative effects on the skeleton. The present review provides an in-depth account of the current knowledge of GR-mediated transcriptional regulation of specific genes and proteins engaged in the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of bone cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts). We hope this knowledge will advance research in the development of SEGRAs with improved benefit/risk ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Moutsatsou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Madsen SH, Andreassen KV, Christensen ST, Karsdal MA, Sverdrup FM, Bay-Jensen AC, Henriksen K. Glucocorticoids exert context-dependent effects on cells of the joint in vitro. Steroids 2011; 76:1474-82. [PMID: 21855558 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucocorticoids are known to attenuate bone formation in vivo leading to decreased bone volume and increased risk of fractures, whereas effects on the joint tissue are less characterized. However, glucocorticoids appear to have a reducing effect on inflammation and pain in osteoarthritis. This study aimed at characterizing the effect of glucocorticoids on chondrocytes, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. EXPERIMENTAL We used four model systems to investigate how glucocorticoids affect the cells of the joint; two intact tissues (femoral head- and cartilage-explants), and two separate cell cultures of osteoblasts (2T3-pre-osteoblasts) and osteoclasts (CD14(+)-monocytes). The model systems were cultured in the presence of two glucocorticoids; prednisolone or dexamethasone. To induce anabolic and catabolic conditions, cultures were activated by insulin-like growth factor I/bone morphogenetic protein 2 and oncostatin M/tumor necrosis factor-α, respectively. Histology and markers of bone- and cartilage-turnover were used to evaluate effects of glucocorticoid treatment. RESULTS Prednisolone treatment decreased collagen type-II degradation in immature cartilage, whereas glucocorticoids did not affect collagen type-II in mature cartilage. Glucocorticoids had an anti-catabolic effect on catabolic-activated cartilage from a bovine stifle joint and murine femoral heads. Glucocorticoids decreased viability of all bone cells, leading to a reduction in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption; however, bone morphogenetic protein 2-stimulated osteoblasts increased bone formation, as opposed to non-stimulated osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS Using highly robust in vitro models of bone and cartilage turnover, we suggest that effects of glucocorticoids highly depend on the activation and differential stage of the cell targeted in the joint. Present data indicated that glucocorticoid treatment may be beneficial for articular cartilage, although detrimental effects on bone should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzi H Madsen
- Cartilage Biology and Biomarkers, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
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Schofer MD, Roessler PP, Schaefer J, Theisen C, Schlimme S, Heverhagen JT, Voelker M, Dersch R, Agarwal S, Fuchs-Winkelmann S, Paletta JRJ. Electrospun PLLA nanofiber scaffolds and their use in combination with BMP-2 for reconstruction of bone defects. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25462. [PMID: 21980467 PMCID: PMC3182232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adequate migration and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is essential for regeneration of large bone defects. To achieve this, modern graft materials are becoming increasingly important. Among them, electrospun nanofiber scaffolds are a promising approach, because of their high physical porosity and potential to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of electrospun PLLA nanofiber scaffolds on bone formation in vivo, using a critical size rat calvarial defect model. In addition we analyzed whether direct incorporation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) into nanofibers could enhance the osteoinductivity of the scaffolds. Two critical size calvarial defects (5 mm) were created in the parietal bones of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Defects were either (1) left unfilled, or treated with (2) bovine spongiosa, (3) PLLA scaffolds alone or (4) PLLA/BMP-2 scaffolds. Cranial CT-scans were taken at fixed intervals in vivo. Specimens obtained after euthanasia were processed for histology, histomorphometry and immunostaining (Osteocalcin, BMP-2 and Smad5). RESULTS PLLA scaffolds were well colonized with cells after implantation, but only showed marginal ossification. PLLA/BMP-2 scaffolds showed much better bone regeneration and several ossification foci were observed throughout the defect. PLLA/BMP-2 scaffolds also stimulated significantly faster bone regeneration during the first eight weeks compared to bovine spongiosa. However, no significant differences between these two scaffolds could be observed after twelve weeks. Expression of osteogenic marker proteins in PLLA/BMP-2 scaffolds continuously increased throughout the observation period. After twelve weeks osteocalcin, BMP-2 and Smad5 were all significantly higher in the PLLA/BMP-2 group than in all other groups. CONCLUSION Electrospun PLLA nanofibers facilitate colonization of bone defects, while their use in combination with BMP-2 also increases bone regeneration in vivo and thus combines osteoconductivity of the scaffold with the ability to maintain an adequate osteogenic stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D. Schofer
- Department of Orthopedics and Rheumatology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philip P. Roessler
- Department of Orthopedics and Rheumatology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Schaefer
- Department of Orthopedics and Rheumatology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christina Theisen
- Department of Orthopedics and Rheumatology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Schlimme
- Department of Orthopedics and Rheumatology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Maximilian Voelker
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland Dersch
- Department of Macromolecular Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Macromolecular Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen R. J. Paletta
- Department of Orthopedics and Rheumatology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Dawes GJS, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Necula BS, Apachitei I, van Leeuwen JPTM, Duszczyk J, Eijken M. Effects of dexamethasone-loaded PLGA microspheres on human fetal osteoblasts. J Biomater Appl 2011; 27:477-83. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328211412634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Integration of a drug delivery function into implantable medical devices enables local release of specific bioactives to control cells–surface interactions. One alternative to achieve this biofunctionality for bone implants is to incorporate particulate drug delivery systems (DDSs) into the rough or porous implant surfaces. The scope of this study was to assess the effects of a model DDS consisting of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres loaded with an anti-inflammatory drug, dexamethasone (DXM), on the response of Simian Virus-immortalized Human Fetal Osteoblast (SV-HFO) cells. The microspheres were prepared by the oil-in-water emulsion/solvent evaporation method, whereas cells response was investigated by Alamar Blue test for viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity for differentiation, and Alizarin Red staining for matrix mineralization. Cell viability was not affected by the presence of increased concentrations of polymeric microspheres in the culture media. Furthermore, in the cultures with DXM-loaded microspheres, ALP activity was expressed at levels similar with those obtained under osteogenic conditions, indicating that DXM released from the microsphere-stimulated cell differentiation. Matrix mineralization occurred preferentially around the DXM-loaded microspheres confirming that the released DXM could act as osteogenic supplement for the cells. These in vitro findings suggest that a particulate PLGA-DXM DDS may actually provide dual, anti-inflammatory and osteogenic functions when incorporated on the surface of bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- GJS Dawes
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - LE Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - BS Necula
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - I Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - JPTM van Leeuwen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Duszczyk
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M Eijken
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Schofer MD, Veltum A, Theisen C, Chen F, Agarwal S, Fuchs-Winkelmann S, Paletta JRJ. Functionalisation of PLLA nanofiber scaffolds using a possible cooperative effect between collagen type I and BMP-2: impact on growth and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:1753-62. [PMID: 21604139 PMCID: PMC3127010 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell differentiation of osteoblasts is triggered by a series of signaling processes including integrin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), which therefore act in a cooperative manner. The aim of this study was to analyze whether these processes can be remodeled in an artificial poly-(L)-lactide acid (PLLA) based nanofiber scaffold. Matrices composed of PLLA-collagen type I or BMP-2 incorporated PLLA-collagen type I were seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and cultivated over a period of 22 days, either under growth or osteoinductive conditions. During the course of culture, gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC) and collagen I (COL-I) as well as Smad5 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), two signal transduction molecules involved in BMP-2 or integrin signaling were analyzed. Furthermore, calcium and collagen I deposition, as well as cell densities and proliferation, were determined using fluorescence microscopy. The incorporation of BMP-2 into PLLA-collagen type I nanofibers resulted in a decrease in diameter as well as pore sizes of the scaffold. Mesenchymal stem cells showed better adherence and a reduced proliferation on BMP-containing scaffolds. This was accompanied by an increase in gene expression of ALP, OC and COL-I. Furthermore the presence of BMP-2 resulted in an upregulation of FAK, while collagen had an impact on the gene expression of Smad5. Therefore these different strategies can be combined in order to enhance the osteoblast differentiation of hMSC on PLLA based nanofiber scaffold. By doing this, different signal transduction pathways seem to be up regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D. Schofer
- Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital of Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anne Veltum
- Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital of Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christina Theisen
- Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital of Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Fuchs-Winkelmann
- Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital of Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen R. J. Paletta
- Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital of Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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Synergistic effect of recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-7 and osteogenic differentiation medium on human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2011; 35:1889-95. [PMID: 21487672 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-011-1247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7) with or without osteogenic differentiation medium (ODM) on osteogenic differentiation of primary human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in vitro. METHOD The hBMSCs were isolated from medullary reaming tissue. At 80% confluence, hBMSCs were treated with different concentrations of rhBMP-7 with and without ODM. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OPN) were examined. RESULTS ALP activity and calcium deposits in hBMSC culture were significantly increased by rhBMP-7 at 0.1 μg/ml (0.23 ± 0.07 IU and 28.9 ± 4.2 mg/dl) and 1.0 μg/ml (0.32 ± 0.03 IU and 38.7 ± 3.0 mg/dl), respectively, in the presence of ODM, showing a clearly dose-dependent osteoblastic differentiation. However, the same dose of 0.1 μg/ml rhBMP-7 without ODM and ODM alone induced low level of ALP and calcium deposits, indicating a synergistic effect of rhBMP-7 and ODM on committed osteogenic differentiation. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed up-regulated OC and OPN mRNA levels, corroborating the synergistic effect of rhBMP-7 and ODM. CONCLUSION Our study showed that rhBMP-7 with ODM created a synergistic effect on up-regulation of osteogenic genes as well as osteogenic differentiation of primary hBMSCs in vitro. In the presence of ODM, the lowest concentration of rhBMP-7 needed to induce significant osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs was 0.1 μg/ml.
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Zhou H, Wu X, Wei J, Lu X, Zhang S, Shi J, Liu C. Stimulated osteoblastic proliferation by mesoporous silica xerogel with high specific surface area. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:731-739. [PMID: 21287245 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Specific surface area is a critical parameter of mesoporous silica-based biomaterials, however, little is known about its effects on osteoblast responses in vitro. In the present study, mesoporous silica xerogels (MSXs) with different surface area (401, 647 and 810 m(2)/g, respectively) were synthesized by a sol-gel process. Surface silanol contents decreased with the increase of surface area with which protein adsorption capability positively correlated. And the apatite-like surface seemed to form faster on MSXs with higher surface area determined by XRD analysis. Using MG63 osteoblast-like cells as models, it was found that cell proliferations were promoted on MSXs with higher surface area, based on the premise that the effects of Si released from materials on osteoblast viability were excluded by real-time Transwell(®) assay. RT-PCR results indicated cell adhesion-related integrin subunits α5 were up-regulated by higher surface area at day 1, which was further confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. The data suggest that increasing SSA of MSXs could promote surface cellular affinity by adsorbing serum proteins and accelerating apatite-like layer formation, which results in promoted osteoblastic proliferation via integrin subunit α5 at initial adhesion stage. Regulating SSA, an effective approach in designing mesoporous silica-based materials, provides an alternative method to obtain desirable tissue-response in bone regeneration and drug-delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjun Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
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Temporal and Spatial Expression of BMPs and BMP Antagonists During Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2011; 36:E237-44. [PMID: 21099737 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e3181d73541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Quantitative gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the temporal and spatial expression of bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and BMP antagonists in a posterolateral spine fusion model in rabbits. OBJECTIVE To identify the expression pattern of BMPs and BMP antagonists and to determine the molecular and histologic changes of the graft and surrounding tissue during fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA There are no studies on BMP antagonists during spinal fusion. Furthermore, the reciprocal interaction between bone grafts and surrounding tissue is still unknown in fusion. METHODS Eighteen New Zealand White rabbits underwent bilateral posterolateral spine fusion with autogenous bone graft. Rabbits were killed at 1, 2, 4, or 6 weeks after arthrodesis. The spinal fusions were analyzed by radiography. On the right side, specimens were collected from the outer zone over the transverse processes, the inner zone between the transverse processes, muscle surrounding bone grafts, and the transverse process. Gene expression of BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7, noggin, chordin, Sox9, and Runx2 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction at each time point of each sample. On the left side, molecules of interest were evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tissue sections. RESULTS BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7, noggin, and chordin were colocalized in rimming osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes. The outer zone demonstrated earlier bone maturation and faster increase in BMP gene expression than the inner zone. Muscle surrounding bone grafts showed significantly higher BMP expression and Runx2 activity at the early phase. BMP-positive cells were also noted around blood vessels. CONCLUSION The colocalization and temporal relationship of BMPs and BMP antagonists suggests that BMP activity is tightly regulated by the antagonists during fusion. In addition, not only the decorticated transverse process, but also muscle surrounding bone grafts, is actively involved in osteogenesis during fusion.
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