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Meng H, Jiang L, Song Z, Wang F. Causal Associations of Circulating Lipids with Osteoarthritis: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071327. [PMID: 35405941 PMCID: PMC9000847 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) imposes an increasing social burden due to global activity limitations, especially among the aged. Links between circulating lipids and OA have been reported; however, confounding data from observational studies have hindered causal conclusions. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to evaluate the genetic causal effects of circulating apolipoproteins and lipoprotein lipids on OA risk. Genetic instruments at the genome-wide significance level (p < 5 × 10−8) were selected from genome-wide association studies (n = 393,193−441,016 individuals). Summary-level OA data were obtained from the UK Biobank (39,427 cases, 378,169 controls). Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses used MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO for sensitivity analysis. Genetic predisposition to 1-SD increments of Apolipoprotein B (APOB), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was associated with a decreased risk of knee or hip OA (KHOA) (odds ratio (OR) = 0.925, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.881−0.972, p = 0.002; OR = 0.898, 95% CI: 0.843−0.957, p = 0.001) and hip OA (HOA) (OR = 0.894; 95% CI: 0.832−0.961, p = 0.002; OR = 0.870 95% CI: 0.797−0.949, p = 0.002). Genetically predicted APOB showed an association with knee OA (KOA) (OR per SD increase, 0.930, 95% CI: 0.876−0.987, p = 0.016). The OR of KOA was 0.899 (95% CI: 0.835−0.968, p = 0.005) for a 1-SD increase in LDL. Apolipoprotein A1, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides showed no association. Inverse MR showed no causal effect of KOA, HOA, or KHOA on these serum lipids. Distinct protective genetic-influence patterns were observed for APOB and LDL on OA, offering new insights into relationships between lipids and OA risk and a better understanding of OA etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fudi Wang
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +86-0571-88206561
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Bourebaba L, Röcken M, Marycz K. Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in Horses - Molecular Background of its Pathogenesis and Perspectives for Progenitor Stem Cell Therapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:374-390. [PMID: 30796679 PMCID: PMC6534522 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondrosis (osteochondrosis dissecans; OCD) is a disease syndrome of growing cartilage related to different clinical entities such as epiphysitis, subchondral cysts and angular carpal deformities, which occurs in growing animals of all species, including horses. Nowadays, these disorders are affecting increasing numbers of young horses worldwide. As a complex multifactorial disease, OCD is initiated when failure in cartilage canals because of existing ischemia, chondrocyte biogenesis impairment as well as biochemical and genetic disruptions occur. Recently, particular attention have been accorded to the definition of possible relations between OCD and some metabolic disorders; in this way, implication of mitochondrial dysfunctions, endoplasmic reticulum disruptions, oxidative stress or endocrinological affections are among the most considered axes for future researches. As one of the most frequent cause of impaired orthopaedic potential, which may result in a sharp decrease in athletic performances of the affected animals, and lead to the occurrence of complications such as joint fragility and laminitis, OCD remains as one of the primary causes of considerable economic losses in all sections of the equine industry. It would therefore be important to provide more information on the exact pathophysiological mechanism(s) underlying early OC(D) lesions, in order to implement innovative strategies involving the use of progenitor stem cells, which are considered nowadays as a promising approach to regenerative medicine, with the potential to treat numerous orthopaedic disorders, including osteo-degenerative diseases, for prevention and reduction of incidence of the disease, not only in horses, but also in human medicine, as the equine model is already widely accepted by the scientific community and approved by the FDA, for the research and application of cellular therapies in the treatment of human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michael Röcken
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany.
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Abstract
Orthopedic diseases are a common cause for limited exercise capacity in the horse. They often underlie genetic risk factors, which can affect bone, articular cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and adnexal structures among others. The genetic effects can directly interfere with tissue development and skeletal growth or can trigger degenerative or inflammatory processes. Many of these diseases of the locomotor system like osteochondrosis are complex and can be affected by multifactorial influences. For this reason, it is important for those performing diagnostic procedures to have a comprehensive knowledge of orthopedic diseases, their prevalence within breeds, and genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Metzger
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17p, Hannover 30559, Germany.
| | - Ottmar Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17p, Hannover 30559, Germany
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Differential Gene Expression in Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone of Neonatal and Adult Horses. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100745. [PMID: 31557843 PMCID: PMC6826356 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletogenesis is complex and incompletely understood. Derangement of this process likely underlies developmental skeletal pathologies. Examination of tissue-specific gene expression may help elucidate novel skeletal developmental pathways that could contribute to disease risk. Our aim was to identify and functionally annotate differentially expressed genes in equine neonatal and adult articular cartilage (AC) and subchondral bone (SCB). RNA was sequenced from healthy AC and SCB from the fetlock, hock, and stifle joints of 6 foals (≤4 weeks of age) and six adults (8–12 years of age). There was distinct clustering by age and tissue type. After differential expression analysis, functional annotation and pathway analysis were performed using PANTHER and Reactome. Approximately 1115 and 3574 genes were differentially expressed between age groups in AC and SCB, respectively, falling within dozens of overrepresented gene ontology terms and enriched pathways reflecting a state of growth, high metabolic activity, and tissue turnover in the foals. Enriched pathways were dominated by those related to extracellular matrix organization and turnover, and cell cycle and signal transduction. Additionally, we identified enriched pathways related to neural development and neurotransmission in AC and innate immunity in SCB. These represent novel potential mechanisms for disease that can be explored in future work.
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Mendoza L, Franck T, Lejeune JP, Caudron I, Detilleux J, Deliège B, Serteyn D. Is Sclerostin Glycoprotein a Suitable Biomarker for Equine Osteochondrosis? J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 64:27-33. [PMID: 30973148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondrosis (OC) disease appears to be multifactorial in origin, including skeletal growth rates, nutrition, endocrinological factors, exercise, biomechanics, and other environmental factors. Endocrinological and metabolic factors seem to have an important role in the pathogeny of OC like the Wnt signaling pathway. One of the regulators in the Wnt signaling pathway is the sclerostin glycoprotein. The aim of this study was to investigate the sclerostin blood concentration according to the evolution of the disease, the environment, and the age but also its use as a possible biomarker for OC disease. Relation between age and sclerostin concentrations was calculated by a linear regression. A relation was found between age and sclerostin concentrations, but also a significant relation between age and the sclerostin concentrations was observed for two subgroups (OC affected and healthy). Evolution of the disease related to the sclerostin concentration was assessed with two logistic regressions (risk of developing OC and recovery of existing lesions), but not any significance was found. In conclusion, these results show that, despite the possible link of sclerostin with the OC pathogenesis through the Wnt pathway, circulating levels of this glycoprotein shall not be used as a biomarker for the disease. Besides, more studies are needed to fully understand the functions of sclerostin in the equine specie since it may play an important role in bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mendoza
- Anesthésiologie générale et pathologie chirurgicale des grands animaux. University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Equine Research and Development Center, Mont-le-Soie, Belgium.
| | - Thierry Franck
- Centre for Oxygen Research and Development-CORD, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Philippe Lejeune
- Anesthésiologie générale et pathologie chirurgicale des grands animaux. University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Equine Research and Development Center, Mont-le-Soie, Belgium
| | | | - Johann Detilleux
- Anesthésiologie générale et pathologie chirurgicale des grands animaux. University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Didier Serteyn
- Anesthésiologie générale et pathologie chirurgicale des grands animaux. University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Equine Research and Development Center, Mont-le-Soie, Belgium
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6
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Naccache F, Metzger J, Distl O. Genetic risk factors for osteochondrosis in various horse breeds. Equine Vet J 2018; 50:556-563. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Naccache
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics Hannover Germany
| | - J. Metzger
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics Hannover Germany
| | - O. Distl
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics Hannover Germany
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Robles M, Nouveau E, Gautier C, Mendoza L, Dubois C, Dahirel M, Lagofun B, Aubrière MC, Lejeune JP, Caudron I, Guenon I, Viguié C, Wimel L, Bouraima-Lelong H, Serteyn D, Couturier-Tarrade A, Chavatte-Palmer P. Maternal obesity increases insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and osteochondrosis lesions in foals and yearlings until 18 months of age. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190309. [PMID: 29373573 PMCID: PMC5786290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a growing concern in horses. The effects of maternal obesity on maternal metabolism and low-grade inflammation during pregnancy, as well as offspring growth, metabolism, low-grade inflammation, testicular maturation and osteochondrotic lesions until 18 months of age were investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four mares were used and separated into two groups at insemination according to body condition score (BCS): Normal (N, n = 10, BCS ≤4) and Obese (O, n = 14, BCS ≥4.25). BCS and plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride, urea, non-esterified fatty acid, serum amyloid A (SAA), leptin and adiponectin concentrations were monitored throughout gestation. At 300 days of gestation, a Frequently Sampled Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (FSIGT) was performed. After parturition, foals' weight and size were monitored until 18 months of age with plasma SAA, leptin, adiponectin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and cortisol concentrations measured at regular intervals. At 6, 12 and 18 months of age, FSIGT and osteoarticular examinations were performed. Males were gelded at one year and expression of genes involved in testicular maturation analysed by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Throughout the experiment, maternal BCS was higher in O versus N mares. During gestation, plasma urea and adiponectin were decreased and SAA and leptin increased in O versus N mares. O mares were also more insulin resistant than N mares with a higher glucose effectiveness. Postnatally, there was no difference in offspring growth between groups. Nevertheless, plasma SAA concentrations were increased in O versus N foals until 6 months, with O foals being consistently more insulin resistant with a higher glucose effectiveness. At 12 months of age, O foals were significantly more affected by osteochondrosis than N foals. All other parameters were not different between groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, maternal obesity altered metabolism and increased low-grade inflammation in both dams and foals. The risk of developing osteochondrosis at 12 months of age was also higher in foals born to obese dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Robles
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - E. Nouveau
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - C. Gautier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA2608, OeReCa, USC-INRA, Caen, France
| | - L. Mendoza
- Clinique Equine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - C. Dubois
- IFCE, Station Expérimentale de la Valade, Chamberet, France
| | - M. Dahirel
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - B. Lagofun
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - M-C Aubrière
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - J-P Lejeune
- Clinique Equine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - I. Caudron
- Clinique Equine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - I. Guenon
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA2608, OeReCa, USC-INRA, Caen, France
| | - C. Viguié
- INRA, UMR Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
| | - L. Wimel
- IFCE, Station Expérimentale de la Valade, Chamberet, France
| | | | - D. Serteyn
- Clinique Equine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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9
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Mendoza L, Lejeune JP, Caudron I, Detilleux J, Sandersen C, Deliège B, Serteyn D. Impact of feeding and housing on the development of osteochondrosis in foals-A longitudinal study. Prev Vet Med 2016; 127:10-4. [PMID: 27094134 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) is a developmental orthopedic disease caused by a failure of the endochondral ossification in epiphyseal plates and joint cartilage. This trouble may induce the presence of osteochondral fragments in the articulation, fissures or subchondral bone cysts in the growth cartilage. Occurrence of osteochondrosis is influenced by a complex interaction of different factors. Among these, the effect of the housing and the feeding of the foals during their first months of life, have been described as risk factors for the development of osteochondrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of OCD lesions with a longitudinal study in 204 young foals from 6 to 18 months in comparison to the type of feeding and the type of housing conditions. These factors and OCD status were obtained by a questionnaire and radiological examination, respectively. This allowed dividing the foals into four groups according to the initial OCD status and the evolution of the condition. As a result, we found that foals fed with concentrates show a higher probability to develop OCD lesions (p=0.06), while foals not receiving concentrates, had a higher probability to heal from existing OCD lesions (p=0.001). This study supports the theory that management factors such as feeding or housing may influence the evolution of the osteochondrosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mendoza
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium; Equine Research and Development Center, Mont-le-Soie, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Philippe Lejeune
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium; Equine Research and Development Center, Mont-le-Soie, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Didier Serteyn
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium; Equine Research and Development Center, Mont-le-Soie, Belgium
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10
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Kinsley MA, Semevolos SA, Duesterdieck-Zellmer KF. Wnt/β-catenin signaling of cartilage canal and osteochondral junction chondrocytes and full thickness cartilage in early equine osteochondrosis. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:1433-8. [PMID: 25676127 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to elucidate gene and protein expression of Wnt signaling molecules in chondrocytes of foals having early osteochondrosis (OC) versus normal controls. The hypothesis was that increased expression of components of Wnt signaling pathway in osteochondral junction (OCJ) and cartilage canal (CC) chondrocytes would be found in early OC when compared to controls. Paraffin-embedded osteochondral samples (7 OC, 8 normal) and cDNA from whole cartilage (7 OC, 10 normal) and chondrocytes surrounding cartilage canals and osteochondral junctions captured with laser capture microdissection (4 OC, 6 normal) were obtained from femoropatellar joints of 17 immature horses. Equine-specific Wnt signaling molecule mRNA expression levels were evaluated by two-step real-time qPCR. Spatial tissue protein expression of β-catenin, Wnt-11, Wnt-4, and Dkk-1 was determined by immunohistochemistry. There was significantly decreased Wnt-11 and increased β-catenin, Wnt-5b, Dkk-1, Lrp6, Wif-1, Axin1, and SC-PEP gene expression in early OC cartilage canal chondrocytes compared to controls. There was also significantly increased β-catenin gene expression in early OC osteochondral junction chondrocytes compared to controls. Based on this study, abundant gene expression differences in OC chondrocytes surrounding cartilage canals suggest pathways associated with catabolism and inhibition of chondrocyte maturation are targeted in early OC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Kinsley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
| | - Stacy A Semevolos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
| | - Katja F Duesterdieck-Zellmer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
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11
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Mendoza L, Piquemal D, Lejeune JP, Vander Heyden L, Noguier F, Bruno R, Sandersen C, Serteyn D. Age-dependent expression of osteochondrosis-related genes in equine leukocytes. Vet Rec Open 2015; 2:e000058. [PMID: 26392886 PMCID: PMC4567144 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2014-000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteochondrosis (OC) is a developmental disease in horses which has a significant impact on the horse's welfare and performance. The early disturbance in the process of endochondral ossification progresses to inflammatory and repair processes in older horses. Previously, differentially expressed genes in leukocytes of OC-affected horses have been identified. The aim of the present study is to detect age-related changes in these differentially expressed genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of OC-related genes was analysed by real-time PCR and subsequent statistical analysis (ΔΔCT) in the leukocytes of 135 Belgian Warmblood horses divided into three different age groups: <12 months (n=47), 18-24 months (n=50) >30 months (n=38). RESULTS Relative expression of genes of horses less than 12 months of age showed significant induction of the genes MGAT4A, PRKCG, MHCI, ApoB, ApoB3G, B4GALT6 and a significantly lower expression of the genes OAS3. Horses of 18-24 months of age, showed a significantly higher expression of the genes TBC1D9, MGAT4A, IFIH1, MHCIIa and MMP1. Horses of more than 30 months of age showed a significantly higher expression of the genes MGAT4A, HP, SECTM1 compared with their age-matched control groups. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that OC-related genes are differentially expressed in horses of different ages compared with their age-matched controls. Some of the genes may be implicated in cell signalling and differentiation as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and inflammation. However, the causal relationship between the differentially expressed genes and the development and progression of the OC lesions needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mendoza
- University of Liège , Liège , Belgium ; Equine Research and Development Center , Mont-le-Soie , Belgium
| | - D Piquemal
- Computational Biology Institute (IBC) , France ; University of Montpellier2 , Montpellier , France ; Acobiom , Montpellier , France
| | - J P Lejeune
- Equine Research and Development Center , Mont-le-Soie , Belgium
| | - L Vander Heyden
- Equine Research and Development Center , Mont-le-Soie , Belgium
| | | | - R Bruno
- Acobiom , Montpellier , France
| | | | - D Serteyn
- University of Liège , Liège , Belgium ; Equine Research and Development Center , Mont-le-Soie , Belgium
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12
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van Weeren PR, Olstad K. Pathogenesis of osteochondrosis dissecans: How does this translate to management of the clinical case? EQUINE VET EDUC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. R. van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
| | - K. Olstad
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences; Norwegian University of Life Sciences; Oslo Norway
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13
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Pacholewska A, Drögemüller M, Klukowska-Rötzler J, Lanz S, Hamza E, Dermitzakis ET, Marti E, Gerber V, Leeb T, Jagannathan V. The transcriptome of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122011. [PMID: 25790166 PMCID: PMC4366165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete transcriptomic data at high resolution are available only for a few model organisms with medical importance. The gene structures of non-model organisms are mostly computationally predicted based on comparative genomics with other species. As a result, more than half of the horse gene models are known only by projection. Experimental data supporting these gene models are scarce. Moreover, most of the annotated equine genes are single-transcript genes. Utilizing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) the experimental validation of predicted transcriptomes has become accessible at reasonable costs. To improve the horse genome annotation we performed RNA-seq on 561 samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from 85 Warmblood horses. The mapped sequencing reads were used to build a new transcriptome assembly. The new assembly revealed many alternative isoforms associated to known genes or to those predicted by the Ensembl and/or Gnomon pipelines. We also identified 7,531 transcripts not associated with any horse gene annotated in public databases. Of these, 3,280 transcripts did not have a homologous match to any sequence deposited in the NCBI EST database suggesting horse specificity. The unknown transcripts were categorized as coding and noncoding based on predicted coding potential scores. Among them 230 transcripts had high coding potential score, at least 2 exons, and an open reading frame of at least 300 nt. We experimentally validated 9 new equine coding transcripts using RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Our results provide valuable detailed information on many transcripts yet to be annotated in the horse genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pacholewska
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Jolanta Klukowska-Rötzler
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Lanz
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eman Hamza
- Clinical Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Marti
- Clinical Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gerber
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Moreton J, Malla S, Aboobaker AA, Tarlinton RE, Emes RD. Characterisation of the horse transcriptome from immunologically active tissues. PeerJ 2014; 2:e382. [PMID: 24860704 PMCID: PMC4017814 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system of the horse has not been well studied, despite the fact that the horse displays several features such as sensitivity to bacterial lipopolysaccharide that make them in many ways a more suitable model of some human disorders than the current rodent models. The difficulty of working with large animal models has however limited characterisation of gene expression in the horse immune system with current annotations for the equine genome restricted to predictions from other mammals and the few described horse proteins. This paper outlines sequencing of 184 million transcriptome short reads from immunologically active tissues of three horses including the genome reference “Twilight”. In a comparison with the Ensembl horse genome annotation, we found 8,763 potentially novel isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moreton
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus , Loughborough , Leicestershire , UK ; Deep Seq, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre , Nottingham , UK ; School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus , Loughborough , Leicestershire , UK
| | - Sunir Malla
- Deep Seq, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre , Nottingham , UK
| | | | - Rachael E Tarlinton
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus , Loughborough , Leicestershire , UK
| | - Richard D Emes
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus , Loughborough , Leicestershire , UK ; School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus , Loughborough , Leicestershire , UK
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Power J, Hernandez P, Wardale J, Henson FMD. Alterations in sclerostin protein in lesions of equine osteochondrosis. Vet Rec Open 2014; 1:e000005. [PMID: 26392871 PMCID: PMC4562441 DOI: 10.1136/vropen-2013-000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondrosis (OC) is a common and clinically important joint disease that occurs in many species, including humans, pigs, chickens and horses. It has been described as a focal failure of endochondral ossification (EO), but no cellular/molecular mechanisms are fully described that explain the cause of this condition. Recently a Wnt signalling inhibitor, sclerostin, has been described in osteoarthritic cartilage, where it has been proposed to protect damaged cartilage from degradation. Cartilage degradation is a key event in EO, thus, abnormalities of sclerostin in growth cartilage could, potentially, lead to a failure of EO and, thus, OC. The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of sclerostin protein in normal and OC growth cartilage. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to localise sclerostin protein in normal and OC growth cartilage. Growth cartilage was harvested from the distal femur of horses aged between 6 and 18 months. Cartilage was classified as normal or having lesions consistent with a diagnosis of early OC. IHC was used to identify sclerostin protein in cartilage sections. Sclerostin protein distribution was semiquantified using a grading system and shown to be upregulated throughout all three zones of cartilage in lesions of OC (IHC score 8.1 compared to IHC score of 0.88). These results indicate that sclerostin may be contributing to the development of OC lesions by inhibiting extracellular matrix remodelling or may reflect the response of damaged cartilage. Clearly, further work is required to fully characterise this observation but, with antisclerostin antibodies used to treat human osteoporosis, the possibility of development of a systemic treatment of OC remains a potential goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Power
- Orthopaedic Research Unit , University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Box 180, Hill's Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ , UK
| | - Paula Hernandez
- Orthopaedic Research Unit , University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Box 180, Hill's Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ , UK
| | - John Wardale
- Orthopaedic Research Unit , University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Box 180, Hill's Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ , UK
| | - Frances M D Henson
- Orthopaedic Research Unit , University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Box 180, Hill's Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ , UK
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Rangkasenee N, Murani E, Schellander K, Cinar MU, Ponsuksili S, Wimmers K. Gene expression profiling of articular cartilage reveals functional pathways and networks of candidate genes for osteochondrosis in pigs. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:856-65. [PMID: 23922127 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00055.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondrosis (OC) is a joint disorder that frequently causes leg weakness in growing pigs, resulting in welfare problems and economic losses. We aimed to detect molecular pathways relevant to the emergence of the disease and to identify candidate genes for the liability to the disorder. Therefore, we compared microarray-based expression patterns of articular cartilage with (n=11) and without (n=11) histologically diagnosed OC lesions obtained from discordant sib-pairs. A total of 1,564 genes were found with different transcript abundance [differentially expressed (DE) genes] at q≤0.05. To further identify candidate genes, we integrated data from quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genome-wide association (GWA) studies with the expression analysis. We detected 317 DE genes within the QTL confidence intervals, of which 26 DE genes also overlapped GWA regions. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis suggests a pathogenic role of immune response, angiogenesis, and synthesis of extracellular matrix pathways for OC. These processes could facilitate the emergence of defects. But they may also promote the degradation of articular cartilage and the worsening of the disease. A functional network was derived that comprised genes with functional and positional clues of their role in bone and cartilage metabolisms and development, including extracellular matrix genes (e.g., LOX, OGN, and ASPN), angiogenesis genes (e.g., ANGPTL4 and PDGFA), and immune response genes (e.g., ICAM1, AZGP1, C1QB, C1QC, PDE4B, and CDA). The study identified molecular processes linked to OC and several genes with positional, genetic-statistical, and functional evidence for their role in the emergence of articular cartilage lesions and the liability to OC.
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Vander Heyden L, Lejeune JP, Caudron I, Detilleux J, Sandersen C, Chavatte P, Paris J, Deliège B, Serteyn D. Association of breeding conditions with prevalence of osteochondrosis in foals. Vet Rec 2013; 172:68. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Vander Heyden
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Clinical Sciences; Equine Anaesthesia and Surgery; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
- Centre Europeen du Cheval; Vielsalm Belgium
| | - J-P. Lejeune
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Clinical Sciences; Equine Anaesthesia and Surgery; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
- Centre Europeen du Cheval; Vielsalm Belgium
| | - I. Caudron
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Clinical Sciences; Equine Anaesthesia and Surgery; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - J. Detilleux
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Quantitative Genetics; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - C. Sandersen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Clinical Sciences; Equine Anaesthesia and Surgery; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - P. Chavatte
- Biologie du Développement et Reproduction; Institut National de Recherche Agronomique; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - J. Paris
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Clinical Sciences; Equine Anaesthesia and Surgery; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
- Centre Europeen du Cheval; Vielsalm Belgium
| | - B. Deliège
- Centre Europeen du Cheval; Vielsalm Belgium
| | - D. Serteyn
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Clinical Sciences; Equine Anaesthesia and Surgery; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
- Centre Europeen du Cheval; Vielsalm Belgium
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Kamm JL, Frisbie DD, McIlwraith CW, Orr KE. Gene biomarkers in peripheral white blood cells of horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:115-21. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.1.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Riddick TL, Duesterdieck-Zellmer K, Semevolos SA. Gene and protein expression of cartilage canal and osteochondral junction chondrocytes and full-thickness cartilage in early equine osteochondrosis. Vet J 2012; 194:319-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gambling on putative biomarkers of osteoarthritis and osteochondrosis by equine synovial fluid proteomics. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4478-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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CULLUM R, ALDER O, HOODLESS PA. The next generation: Using new sequencing technologies to analyse gene regulation. Respirology 2011; 16:210-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2010.01899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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McGivney BA, McGettigan PA, Browne JA, Evans ACO, Fonseca RG, Loftus BJ, Lohan A, MacHugh DE, Murphy BA, Katz LM, Hill EW. Characterization of the equine skeletal muscle transcriptome identifies novel functional responses to exercise training. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:398. [PMID: 20573200 PMCID: PMC2900271 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Digital gene expression profiling was used to characterize the assembly of genes expressed in equine skeletal muscle and to identify the subset of genes that were differentially expressed following a ten-month period of exercise training. The study cohort comprised seven Thoroughbred racehorses from a single training yard. Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected at rest from the gluteus medius at two time points: T1 - untrained, (9 ± 0.5 months old) and T2 - trained (20 ± 0.7 months old). Results The most abundant mRNA transcripts in the muscle transcriptome were those involved in muscle contraction, aerobic respiration and mitochondrial function. A previously unreported over-representation of genes related to RNA processing, the stress response and proteolysis was observed. Following training 92 tags were differentially expressed of which 74 were annotated. Sixteen genes showed increased expression, including the mitochondrial genes ACADVL, MRPS21 and SLC25A29 encoded by the nuclear genome. Among the 58 genes with decreased expression, MSTN, a negative regulator of muscle growth, had the greatest decrease. Functional analysis of all expressed genes using FatiScan revealed an asymmetric distribution of 482 Gene Ontology (GO) groups and 18 KEGG pathways. Functional groups displaying highly significant (P < 0.0001) increased expression included mitochondrion, oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism while functional groups with decreased expression were mainly associated with structural genes and included the sarcoplasm, laminin complex and cytoskeleton. Conclusion Exercise training in Thoroughbred racehorses results in coordinate changes in the gene expression of functional groups of genes related to metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation and muscle structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice A McGivney
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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