1
|
Yamashiro K, Ikegaya Y, Matsumoto N. Automatic detection of foot-strike onsets in a rhythmic forelimb movement. Neurosci Res 2024; 206:41-50. [PMID: 38642677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Rhythmic movement is the fundamental motion dynamics characterized by repetitive patterns. Precisely defining onsets in rhythmic movement is essential for a comprehensive analysis of motor functions. Our study introduces an automated method for detecting rat's forelimb foot-strike onsets using deep learning tools. This method demonstrates high accuracy of onset detection by combining two techniques using joint coordinates and behavioral confidence scale. The analysis extends to neural oscillatory responses in the rat's somatosensory cortex, validating the effectiveness of our combined approach. Our technique streamlines experimentation, demanding only a camera and GPU-accelerated computer. This approach is applicable across various contexts and promotes our understanding of brain functions during rhythmic movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Azami P, Ashraf A, Yousefi O, Hosseinpour A, Nasiri A. Impact of treadmill running on distal femoral cartilage thickness: a cross-sectional study of professional athletes and healthy controls. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:104. [PMID: 38711058 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This present study aimed to assess the impact of treadmill running on distal femoral cartilage thickness. METHODS Professional athletes aged 20 to 40 years with a history of treadmill running (minimum 75 min per week for the past three months or more) and age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls were recruited. Demographics and clinical features of participants were recorded. Athletes were divided into subgroup 1 with less than 12 months of treadmill running and subgroup 2 with 12 months or more of treadmill running. Distal femoral cartilage thicknesses were measured at the midpoints of the right medial condyle (RMC), right intercondylar area (RIA), right lateral condyle (RLC), left medial condyle (LMC), left intercondylar area (LIA), and left lateral condyle (LLC) via ultrasonography. RESULT A total of 72 athletes (mean age: 29.6 ± 6.6 years) and 72 controls (mean age: 31.9 ± 6.7 years) were enrolled. Athletes had significantly thinner cartilages in the RLC (2.21 ± 0.38 vs. 2.39 ± 0.31 cm, p = 0.002), LLC (2.28 ± 0.37 vs. 2.46 ± 0.35 cm, p = 0.004), and LMC (2.28 ± 0.42 vs. 2.42 ± 0.36 cm, p = 0.039) compared with the control group. Furthermore, cartilage thickness was significantly thinner in subgroup 2 athletes compared with the control group in the RLC (2.13 ± 0.34 vs. 2.39 ± 0.31 cm, p = 0.001), LLC (2.22 ± 0.31 vs. 2.46 ± 0.35 cm, p = 0.005), and LMC (2.21 ± 0.46 vs. 2.42 ± 0.36 cm, p = 0.027); however, subgroup 1 athletes did not have such differences. There was a weak negative correlation between total months of treadmill running and cartilage thickness in the RLC (r = - 0.0236, p = 0.046) and LLC (r = - 0.0233, p = 0.049). No significant correlation was found between the distal femoral cartilage thickness at different sites and the patients' demographic features, including age, BMI, speed and incline of treadmill running, and minutes of running per session and week (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Compared with healthy controls, professional athletes with a history of long-term high-intensity treadmill running had thinner femoral cartilages. The duration (months) of treadmill running was weakly negatively correlated with distal femoral cartilage thickness. Longitudinal studies with prolonged follow-ups are needed to clarify how treadmill running affects femoral cartilage thickness in athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Azami
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ashraf
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Yousefi
- Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Aref Nasiri
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hosseinzadeh M, Kamali A, Baghaban Eslaminejad M, Hosseini S. Higher ratios of chondrocyte to mesenchymal stem cells elevate the therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles harvested from chondrocyte/mesenchymal stem cell co-culture on osteoarthritis in a rat model. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:145-162. [PMID: 37526734 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may have a key therapeutic role and offer an innovative treatment for osteoarthritis (OA). Studies have shown that ratio of MSC/chondrocyte could affect their therapeutic outcomes. Here, we investigate the chondrogenic potential and therapeutic effect of EVs derived from MSCs and chondrocytes in the naïve, chondrogenically primed, and co-culture states to treat OA. EVs are isolated from naïve MSCs (M-EV), chondrogenically primed MSCs (cpM-EV), chondrocytes (C-EV), and co-cultures of chondrocytes plus MSCs at ratios of 1:1 (C/M-EV), 2:1 (2C/M-EV), and 4:1 (4C/M-EV). We characterized the isolated EVs in terms of surface markers, morphology, size, and zeta potential, and evaluated their chondrogenic potential in vitro by qRT-PCR and histological analyses. Next, these EVs were intra-articularly injected into osteoarthritic cartilage of a rat model and assessed by radiography, gait parameters, and histological and immunohistochemical analyses. EVs obtained from chondrocytes co-cultured with MSCs resulted in improved matrix production and functional differentiation. Our research showed that close proximity between the two cell types was essential for this response, and improved chondrogenesis and matrix formation were the outcomes of this interaction in vitro. Furthermore, in the in vivo rat OA model induced by a monoiodoacetate (MIA), we observed recovery from OA by increasing ratio of the C/M-derived EV group compared to the other groups. Our findings show that the increasing chondrocyte ratio to MSC leads to high chondrogenic induction and the therapeutic effect of harvested EVs for cartilage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Kamali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Samaneh Hosseini
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chan KM, Griffith JL, Pacheco YC, Allen KD. Wheel Running Exacerbates Joint Damage after Meniscal Injury in Mice, but Does Not Alter Gait or Physical Activity Levels. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1564-1576. [PMID: 37144624 PMCID: PMC10524358 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise and physical activity are recommended to reduce pain and improve joint function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, exercise has dose effects, with excessive exercise accelerating OA development and sedentary behaviors also promoting OA development. Prior work evaluating exercise in preclinical models has typically used prescribed exercise regimens; however, in-cage voluntary wheel running creates opportunities to evaluate how OA progression affects self-selected physical activity levels. This study aimed to evaluate how voluntary wheel running after a surgically induced meniscal injury affects gait characteristics and joint remodeling in C57Bl/6 mice. We hypothesize that injured mice will reduce physical activity levels as OA develops after meniscal injury and will engage in wheel running to a lesser extent than the uninjured animals. METHODS Seventy-two C57Bl/6 mice were divided into experimental groups based on sex, lifestyle (physically active vs sedentary), and surgery (meniscal injury or sham control). Voluntary wheel running data were continuously collected throughout the study, and gait data were collected at 3, 7, 11, and 15 wk after surgery. At end point, joints were processed for histology to assess cartilage damage. RESULTS After meniscal injury, physically active mice showed more severe joint damage relative to sedentary mice. Nevertheless, injured mice engaged in voluntary wheel running at the same rates and distances as mice with sham surgery. In addition, physically active mice and sedentary mice both developed a limp as meniscal injury progressed, yet exercise did not further exacerbate gait changes in the physically active mice, despite worsened joint damage. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data indicate a discordance between structural joint damage and joint function. Although wheel running after meniscal injury did worsen OA-related joint damage, physical activity did not necessarily inhibit or worsen OA-related joint dysfunction or pain in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiara M. Chan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Jacob L. Griffith
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Yan Carlos Pacheco
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene
| | - Kyle D. Allen
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Study on the Role of MicroRNA-214 in the Rehabilitation of Cartilage in Mice with Exercise-Induced Traumatic Osteoarthritis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4100-4117. [PMID: 36135193 PMCID: PMC9497662 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the possible relationship between the expression of Micro RNA-214 (miR-214) and the pathogenesis and recovery in mice with post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). In this study, 40 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: model control (MC) group, model (M) group, rehabilitation control (RC) group, model + rehabilitation (M + R) group, and model + convalescent (M + C) group. Four weeks of high-intensity treadmill exercise (HITE) and 4 weeks of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise (MITE) were implemented for PTOA modeling and rehabilitation, respectively. In vitro, 10% elongation mechanical strain was used for IL-1β stimulated chondrocytes. We found that compared with the MC group, there was a significant increase in the aspect of inflammation and catabolism while a dramatic fall in miR-214 expression was observed in the M group. After the 4 weeks of MITE, the level of inflammation and metabolism, as well as miR-214 expression, was partially reversed in the M + R group compared with the M + C group. The expression of miR-214 decreased dramatically after chondrocyte stimulation by IL-1β and then increased significantly after 10% strain was applied to IL-1β-treated cells. These results suggest that a suitable mechanical load can increase the expression of miR-214, and that miR-214 may play a chondroprotective effect in the development of OA.
Collapse
|
6
|
Targeted mesenchymal stem cell therapy equipped with a cell-tissue nanomatchmaker attenuates osteoarthritis progression. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4015. [PMID: 35256711 PMCID: PMC8901617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are at the forefront of research for a wide range of diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). Despite having attracted the attention of orthopedists, current MSC therapy techniques are limited by poor MSC implantation in tissue defects and lack of lateral tissue integration, which has restricted the efficacy of cell therapy to alleviate OA symptoms only. Here, we developed targeted MSC therapy for OA cartilage using a cell-tissue matchmaking nanoconstruct (C-TMN). C-TMN, as an MSC vehicle, consists of a central iron oxide nanoparticle armed with two types of antibodies, one directed at the MSC surface and the other against articular cartilage. We treated rat OA articular cartilage with intra-articular injections of C-TMN with and without exogenous MSCs. We observed substantial improvements in both symptomatic and radiographic OA caused by C-TMN, which was independent of exogenous MSCs. This new approach could predict a promising future for OA management.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou X, Cao H, Wang M, Zou J, Wu W. Moderate-intensity treadmill running relieves motion-induced post-traumatic osteoarthritis mice by up-regulating the expression of lncRNA H19. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:111. [PMID: 34794451 PMCID: PMC8600697 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to explore whether moderate-intensity exercise can alleviate motion-induced post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) and the expression change of lncRNA H19 during this progression. METHODS Twenty-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: model control group (MC group, n = 6), treadmill model group (M group, n = 6), rehabilitation control group (RC group, n = 6), treadmill model + rehabilitation training group (M + R group, n = 6) and treadmill model + convalescent group (M + C group, n = 6). Paraffin sections were used to observe the pathological changes in the mouse knee joint in each group. A micro-CT was used to scan the knee joint to obtain the morphological indexes of the tibial plateau bone. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors, synthetic and catabolic factors in cartilage. RESULTS After high-intensity exercise for 4 weeks, the inflammation and catabolism of the mouse knee cartilage were enhanced, and the anabolism was weakened. Further study showed that these results were partially reversed after 4-week moderate-intensity training. The results of hematoxylin-eosin staining confirmed this finding. Meanwhile, high-intensity exercise reduced the expression of lncRNA H19 in cartilage, while the expression of lncRNA H19 increased after 4 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise. CONCLUSION High-intensity treadmill running can cause injury to the knee cartilage in C57BL/6 mice which leads to PTOA and a decrease of lncRNA H19 expression in cartilage. Moderate-intensity exercise can relieve PTOA and partially reverse lncRNA H19 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuchang Zhou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Cao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mitchell PK, Moffit TJ, Montgomery MM, Pamukoff DN. Running kinetics and femoral trochlea cartilage characteristics in recreational and collegiate distance runners. J Sports Sci 2021; 40:89-95. [PMID: 34494939 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1976492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recreational running can benefit knee cartilage, but the relationship between competitive running and knee cartilage is unclear. We compared femoral cartilage between collegiate runners, recreational runners, and controls; and evaluated the association between running amount, running kinetics and femoral cartilage characteristics. Thirty collegiate runners, 30 recreational runners, and 30 controls completed ultrasound imaging of the femoral cartilage and running gait analysis. Outcomes included cartilage thickness, and echo-intensity from the medial and lateral femoral condyles; and the peak external knee flexion (KFM) and knee adduction moments. Cartilage outcomes were compared via one-way MANOVA. The associations between running kinetics, running amount, and femoral cartilage characteristics were assessed via linear regression models adjusted for sex. No differences were found in cartilage outcomes between groups (p = 0.067). Among recreational runners, a larger peak KFM was associated with lower medial femoral cartilage echo-intensity (ΔR2 = 0.176, Δp = 0.014). In collegiate runners, a greater self-reported running amount was associated with higher medial femoral cartilage (ΔR2 = 0.117, Δp = 0.046) and lateral cartilage (ΔR2 = 0.121, Δp = 0.042) echo-intensity. Cartilage did not differ between groups, but the association between running kinetics, running amount, and knee cartilage may vary between collegiate and recreational runners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Mitchell
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Tyler J Moffit
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Bakersfield, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Morais GP, Chemerka C, Masson A, Seerattan RA, da Rocha AL, Krawetz R, da Silva ASR, Herzog W. Excessive downhill training leads to early onset of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:870-881. [PMID: 33798706 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with the release of degradative enzymes leading to osteoarthritis (OA) development. Although physical exercise (PE) is generally recognized as beneficial for OA symptoms, excessive training workload and eccentric muscular exercise have increased OA risk. Here, we investigated the effects of excessive exercise workload and exercise type on systemic inflammation and knee joint OA. METHODS Mice were divided into five groups: sedentary (SED), uphill training (TRU), downhill training (TRD), excessive uphill training (ETU), and excessive downhill training (ETD) for an 8-week training intervention protocol. RESULTS ETD group had increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum, vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis (VM) muscles, while ETU group mice had increased cytokine levels in the VL and VM. Total knee joint OARSI score were more significant in ETD group compared to SED and TRU groups. They were also more meaningful for the medial tibial plateau of ETD group compared to SED group. MMP-3 and cleaved Caspase-3 were higher in the ETD group than the SED and TRU group, while Adamts-5 was higher in the ETD group than the SED group. TRU group had increased PRG-4 levels compared to ETU and ETD group. ETD group had decreased total bone volume, trabecular bone volume, and cortical thickness compared to SED group. CONCLUSION Excessive downhill training induced a chronic pro-inflammatory state in mice and was associated with early signs of cartilage and bone degeneration that are clinical indicators of knee OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G P Morais
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - C Chemerka
- Koblenz University of Applied Sciences, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
| | - A Masson
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - R-A Seerattan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - A L da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - R Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - A S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - W Herzog
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang W, Liu H, Wan R, Wu Y, Shi Z, Huang W. Mechanisms linking mitochondrial mechanotransduction and chondrocyte biology in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101315. [PMID: 33684550 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical loading is essential for chondrocyte health. Chondrocytes can sense and respond to various extracellular mechanical signals through an integrated set of mechanisms. Recently, it has been found that mitochondria, acting as critical mechanotransducers, are at the intersection between extracellular mechanical signals and chondrocyte biology. Much attention has been focused on identifying how mechanical loading-induced mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. In contrast, little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying functional alterations in mitochondria induced by mechanical stimulation. In this review, we describe how chondrocytes perceive environmental mechanical signals. We discuss how mechanical load induces mitochondrial functional alterations and highlight the major unanswered questions in this field. We speculate that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of energy homeostasis, may play an important role in coupling force transmission to mitochondrial health and intracellular biological responses.
Collapse
|
11
|
Smith JF, Starr EG, Goodman MA, Hanson RB, Palmer TA, Woolstenhulme JB, Weyand JA, Marchant AD, Bueckers SL, Nelson TK, Sterling MT, Rose BJ, Porter JP, Eggett DL, Kooyman DL. Topical Application of Wogonin Provides a Novel Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:80. [PMID: 32132930 PMCID: PMC7040489 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by inflammatory degradation of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Wogonin, a compound extracted from the plant Scutellaria baicalensis (colloquially known as skullcap), has previously been shown to have direct anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. We examined the pain-reducing, anti-inflammatory, and chondroprotective effects of wogonin when applied as a topical cream. We validated the efficacy of delivering wogonin transdermally in a cream using pig ear skin in a Franz diffusion system. Using a surgical mouse model, we examined the severity and progression of OA with and without the topical application of wogonin. Using a running wheel to track activity, we found that mice with wogonin treatment were statistically more active than mice receiving vehicle treatment. OA progression was analyzed using modified Mankin and OARSI scoring and direct quantification of cyst-like lesions at the chondro-osseus junction; in each instance we observed a statistically significant attenuation of OA severity among mice treated with wogonin compared to the vehicle treatment. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significant decrease in protein expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), high temperature receptor A1 (HTRA1), matrix metalloprotease 13 (MMP-13) and NF-κB in wogonin-treated mice, further bolstering the cartilage morphology assessments in the form of a decrease in inflammatory and OA biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob F. Smith
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Evan G. Starr
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Michael A. Goodman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Romney B. Hanson
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Trent A. Palmer
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Jonathan B. Woolstenhulme
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Weyand
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Andrew D. Marchant
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Shawen L. Bueckers
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Tanner K. Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Matthew T. Sterling
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Brandon J. Rose
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - James P. Porter
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | | | - David L. Kooyman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Martins JB, Mendonça VA, Aguiar GC, da Fonseca SF, Dos Santos JM, Tossige-Gomes R, Melo DDS, Oliveira MX, Leite HR, Camargos ACR, Ferreira AJ, Coimbra CC, Poortmans J, Oliveira VC, Silva SB, Domingues TE, Bernardo-Filho M, Lacerda ACR. Effect of a Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Training on Joint Biomarkers and Functional Adaptations in Rats Subjected to Induced Knee Osteoarthritis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1168. [PMID: 31620012 PMCID: PMC6759700 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Knee osteoarthritis (kOA) is a common chronic disease that induces changes in redox status and inflammatory biomarkers, cell death, and motor impairment. Aerobic training can be a non-pharmacological alternative to prevent the progression of the disease. Objective To evaluate the effects of an 8 weeks moderate-intensity treadmill aerobic training program on redox status and inflammatory biomarkers and motor performance in kOA-like changes induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in rats. Methods Twenty-seven rats were randomly divided into three groups: SHAM; induced kOA (OA); and induced kOA + aerobic training (OAE). Motor performance was evaluated by the number of falls on rotarod test, the total time of displacement and the number of failures on a 100 cm footbridge. Data for cytokines and histology were investigated locally, whereas plasma was used for redox status biomarkers. Results The OA group, compared to the SHAM group, increased 1.13 times the total time of displacement, 6.05 times the number of failures, 2.40 times the number of falls. There was also an increase in cytokine and in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (IL1β: 5.55-fold, TNF: 2.84-fold, IL10: 1.27-fold, IL6: 1.50-fold, TBARS: 1.14-fold), and a reduction of 6.83% in the total antioxidant capacity (FRAP), and of 35% in the number of chondrocytes. The aerobic training improved the motor performance in all joint function tests matching to SHAM scores. Also, it reduced inflammatory biomarkers and TBARS level at values close to those of the SHAM group, with no change in FRAP level. The number of falls was explained by IL1β and TNF (58%), and the number of failures and the total time of displacement were also explained by TNF (29 and 21%, respectively). Conclusion All findings indicate the efficacy of moderate-intensity aerobic training to regulate inflammatory biomarkers associated with improved motor performance in induced kOA-like changes, thus preventing the loss of chondrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Brenda Martins
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Grazielle Cordeiro Aguiar
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sueli Ferreira da Fonseca
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Jousielle Márcia Dos Santos
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Rosalina Tossige-Gomes
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Dirceu de Sousa Melo
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Murilo Xavier Oliveira
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Hércules Ribeiro Leite
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson José Ferreira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cândido Celso Coimbra
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jacques Poortmans
- Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vinícius Cunha Oliveira
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Sara Barros Silva
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Talita Emanuela Domingues
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Mário Bernardo-Filho
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Barbosa GM, Cunha JE, Cunha TM, Martinho LB, Castro PATS, Oliveira FFB, Cunha FQ, Ramalho FS, Salvini TF. Clinical-like cryotherapy improves footprint patterns and reduces synovial inflammation in a rat model of post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14518. [PMID: 31601862 PMCID: PMC6787208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryotherapy is a non-pharmacological treatment commonly used to control inflammation and improve function after acute traumas. However, there are no definitive findings about its effects on chronic joint diseases such as knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of clinical-like cryotherapy on functional impairment and synovial inflammation in a rat model of KOA generated by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8/group): Control, KOA, KOA + Cryotherapy and KOA + Placebo. The last two groups were submitted to the relevant interventions twice a day for five days (61 to 65), with each session lasting 20 min. Gait test, skin temperature, thermal response threshold and joint swelling were assessed in all groups before ACLT surgery, and pre (60th day) and post (66th day) intervention protocols. On day 66, the animals were euthanized and exsanguinated to remove the synovial membrane for histopathological examination and synovial fluid to determine the leukocyte count and cytokine concentration. After the intervention period (66th day), footprint area only increased in the KOA + Cryotherapy group (P = 0.004; 14%) when compared to KOA and KOA + Placebo, but did not differ from controls. Cryotherapy lowered the synovial fluid leukocyte count (P < 0.0001; ≥95.0%) and cytokine concentration (P < 0.0001; ≥55%) when compared to the KOA and Placebo groups. Synovial score and synovial fibrosis did not differ in the KOA groups. In conclusion, footprint patterns improved in rats with ACLT-induced KOA as a result of clinical-like cryotherapy, which also lowered the synovial fluid leukocyte count and inflammatory cytokine concentration in these rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Emanuel Cunha
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Silva Ramalho
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tania Fátima Salvini
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prenatal nicotine exposure increases osteoarthritis susceptibility in male elderly offspring rats via low-function programming of the TGFβ signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2019; 314:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Mountain ultramarathon results in temporary meniscus extrusion in healthy athletes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:2691-2697. [PMID: 30465096 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-5303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In recent literature medial meniscus extrusion (MME) was demonstrated as an age, BMI and load dependent physiological phenomenon in healthy knees. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of mountain ultramarathon running on the medial meniscus extrusion (MME) in healthy athletes. METHODS Healthy athletes of the 2017 Gore-Tex® Transalpine run (seven stages with in total 270.5 km and 16453 m altitude) with asymptomatic knee, and no history of knee injuries or surgeries were included. All athletes underwent standard knee examination, MRI to exclude further knee pathologies and ultrasound imaging (USI) for measurement of MME before the competition. Extrusion in USI was determined in supine position (unloaded) and in standing position with full weight bearing and 20° of flexion (loaded). After the 1st, 3rd, and 7th stage ultrasound measurements were repeated directly after the competition. For evaluation of recovery, ultrasound measurement of MME was repeated 2 weeks after the race. Difference between ultrasound measurements of MME was assessed by unpaired t-test with significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Eighteen athletes (mean age 37.4 ± 8.3 years, 5 females, 13 males) were included in the study. The mean USI MME before the race was 1.9 mm ± 0.3 mm in supine position and 2.4 mm ± 0.4 mm under full weight bearing. During the race the mean MME increased significantly compared to baseline measurements. After 7th stage the mean MME in supine position was 2.7 mm ± 0.7 mm and 3.1 mm ± 0.6 mm under full weight bearing. After 2 weeks of recovery medial meniscus demonstrated a complete reversibility of the extrusion to normal (N.S). CONCLUSION Medial meniscus extrusion observed under extreme loads generated by a mountain ultramarathon is a temporary and reversible phenomenon in healthy athletes. This suggests, that the meniscus has viscoelastic capacities showing short-term adaptions to high loads, which are completely reversible over time. For clinical practice assessment of the MME by ultrasound might be favorable compared to MRI due to the ability of dynamic evaluation and the easy access. Furthermore, load should be taken in account when assessing the MME and the current cut-off value of 3 mm for meniscus pathologies should be reconsidered. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mazor M, Best TM, Cesaro A, Lespessailles E, Toumi H. Osteoarthritis biomarker responses and cartilage adaptation to exercise: A review of animal and human models. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1072-1082. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas M. Best
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Health Sports Medicine Institute University of Miami Coral Gables Florida
| | | | - Eric Lespessailles
- University of Orléans Orléans France
- Service de Rhumatologie Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans La Source France
| | - Hechmi Toumi
- University of Orléans Orléans France
- Service de Rhumatologie Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans La Source France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Treviño EA, McFaline-Figueroa J, Guldberg RE, Platt MO, Temenoff JS. Full-thickness rotator cuff tear in rat results in distinct temporal expression of multiple proteases in tendon, muscle, and cartilage. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:490-502. [PMID: 30457172 PMCID: PMC6947925 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of joint tissue degeneration following rotator cuff tear remains unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand the timeline of protease activity in the soft tissues of the shoulder (tendon, muscle, and cartilage) that may lead to down-stream degeneration following rotator cuff tear. A well-established rat model involving suprascapular nerve denervation and supraspinatus/infraspinatus tendon transection was employed. Histological staining and/or micro-computed tomography (µCT) were used to observe structural damage in the supraspinatus tendon and muscle, humeral head cartilage, and subchondral bone. Multiplex gelatin zymography was utilized to assess protease activity in the supraspinatus tendon and muscle, and humeral head cartilage. Zymography analysis demonstrated that cathepsins were upregulated in the first week in all tissues, while MMP-2 maintained prolonged activity in supraspinatus tendon between 1 and 3 weeks and increased only at 3 weeks in supraspinatus muscle. In supraspinatus tendon, increased cathepsin L and MMP-2 activity in the first week was concurrent with matrix disorganization and infiltration of inflammatory cells. In contrast, significant upregulation of cathepsin L and K activity in supraspinatus muscle and humeral head cartilage did not correspond to any visible tissue damage at 1 week. However, focal defects developed in half of all animals' humeral head cartilage by 12 weeks (volume: 0.12 ± 0.09 mm3 ). This work provides a more comprehensive understanding of biochemical changes to joint tissue over time following rotator cuff tear. Overall, this provides insight into potential therapeutic targets and will better inform ideal intervention times and treatments for each tissue. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:490-502, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert E. Guldberg
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and
Bioscience,George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering
| | - Manu O. Platt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical
Engineering,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and
Bioscience
| | - Johnna S. Temenoff
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical
Engineering,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and
Bioscience
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yamagishi K, Tsukamoto I, Nakamura F, Hashimoto K, Ohtani K, Akagi M. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system in mice aggravates mechanical loading-induced knee osteoarthritis. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62. [PMID: 30043596 PMCID: PMC6060485 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.2930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown an association between hypertension and knee osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether activation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) can aggravate mechanical loading-induced knee OA in mice. Eight-week-old male Tsukuba hypertensive mice (THM) and C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: i) running THM group, ii) running C57BL/6 mice group, iii) non-running THM group, and iv) non-running C57BL/6 mice group. Mice in the running group were forced to run (25 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week) on a treadmill. All mice in the four groups (n=10 in each group) were euthanized after 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks of running or natural breeding. Cartilage degeneration in the left knees was histologically evaluated using the modified Mankin score. Expression of Col X, MMP-13, angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), and AT2R was examined immunohistochemically. To study the effects of stimulation of the AT1R in chondrocytes by mechanical loading and/or Angiotensin II (AngII) on transduction of intracellular signals, phosphorylation levels of JNK and Src were measured in bovine articular chondrocytes cultured in three-dimensional agarose scaffolds. After 4 weeks, the mean Mankin score for the lateral femoral condylar cartilage was significantly higher in the THM running group than in the C57BL/6 running group and non-running groups. AT1R and AT2R expression was not detected at 0 weeks in any group but was noted after 4 weeks in the THM running group. AT1R expression was also noted at 8 weeks in the C57BL/6 running group. The expression levels of AT1R, COL X, and MMP-13 in chondrocytes were significantly higher in the THM running group than in the control groups. Positive significant correlations were noted between the Mankin score and the rate of AT1R-immunopositive cells, between the rates of AT1R- and Col X-positive cells, and between the rates of AT1Rand AT2R-positive cells. The phosphorylation level of JNK was increased by cyclic compression loading or addition of AngII to the cultured chondrocytes and was reversed by pretreatment with an AT1R blocker. A synergistic effect on JNK phosphorylation was observed between compression loading and AngII addition. Transgene activation of renin and angiotensinogen aggravated mechanical load-induced knee OA in mice. These findings suggest that AT1R expression in chondrocytes is associated with early knee OA and plays a role in the progression of cartilage degeneration. The RAS may be a common molecular mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension and knee OA.
Collapse
|
19
|
Quantifying the Effects of Different Treadmill Training Speeds and Durations on the Health of Rat Knee Joints. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2018; 4:15. [PMID: 29610999 PMCID: PMC5880791 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-018-0127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Walking and running provide cyclical loading to the knee which is thought essential for joint health within a physiological window. However, exercising outside the physiological window, e.g. excessive cyclical loading, may produce loading conditions that could be detrimental to joint health and lead to injury and, ultimately, osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a stepwise increase in speed and duration of treadmill training on knee joint integrity and to identify the potential threshold for joint damage. Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: no exercise, moderate duration, high duration, and extra high duration treadmill exercise. The treadmill training consisted of a 12-week progressive program. Following the intervention period, histologic serial sections of the left knee were graded using a modified Mankin Histology Scoring System. Mechanical testing of the tibial plateau cartilage and RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA from the fat pad, patellar tendon, and synovium were performed for the right knee. Kruskal-Wallis testing was used to assess differences between groups for all variables. Results There were no differences in cartilage integrity or mechanical properties between groups and no differences in mRNA from the fat pad and patellar tendon. However, COX-2 mRNA levels in the synovium were lower for all animals in the exercise intervention groups compared to those in the no exercise group. Conclusions Therefore, these exercise protocols did not exceed the joint physiological window and can likely be used safely in aerobic exercise intervention studies without affecting knee joint health.
Collapse
|
20
|
Moshtagh PR, Korthagen NM, Plomp SG, Pouran B, Castelein RM, Zadpoor AA, Weinans H. Early Signs of Bone and Cartilage Changes Induced by Treadmill Exercise in Rats. JBMR Plus 2018; 2:134-142. [PMID: 30283898 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the earliest alterations of bone and cartilage tissues as a result of different exercise protocols in the knee joint of Wistar rats. We hypothesize that pretraining to a continuous intense running protocol would protect the animals from cartilage degeneration. Three groups of animals were used: (i) an adaptive (pretraining) running group that ran for 8 weeks with gradually increasing velocity and time of running followed by a constant running program (6 weeks of 1.12 km/hour running per day); (ii) a non-adaptive running (constant running) group that initially rested for 8 weeks followed by 6 weeks of constant running; and (iii) a non-running (control) group. At weeks 8, 14, and 20 bone and cartilage were analyzed. Both running groups developed mild symptoms of cartilage irregularities, such as chondrocyte hypertrophy and cell clustering in different cartilage zones, in particular after the adaptive running protocol. As a result of physical training in the adaptive running exercise a dynamic response of bone was detected at week 8, where bone growth was enhanced. Conversely, the thickness of epiphyseal trabecular and subchondral bone (at week 14) was reduced due to the constant running in the period between 8 and 14 weeks. Finally, the intermediate differences between the two running groups disappeared after both groups had a resting period (from 14 to 20 weeks). The adaptive running group showed an increase in aggrecan gene expression and reduction of MMP2 expression after the initial 8 weeks running. Thus, the running exercise models in this study showed mild bone and cartilage/chondrocyte alterations that can be considered as early-stage osteoarthritis. The pretraining adaptive protocol before constant intense running did not protect from mild cartilage degeneration. © 2017 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa R Moshtagh
- Department of Orthopaedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands.,Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Delft The Netherlands
| | - Nicoline M Korthagen
- Department of Orthopaedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands.,Department of Equine Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Saskia G Plomp
- Department of Equine Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Behdad Pouran
- Department of Orthopaedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands.,Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Delft The Netherlands
| | - Rene M Castelein
- Department of Orthopaedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Delft The Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands.,Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Delft The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang Z, Beckett J, Schon L. Cyst-Like Lesions at Chondro-Osseous Junction. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 101:549-552. [PMID: 28725908 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study described and histologically characterized a cyst-like lesion (CLL) at the chondro-osseous junction. Rat knees (n = 12), with or without excessive running-induced osteoarthritis (OA), were used for counting the incidence, morphological measurements, immunohistochemistry of the CLL. A typical CLL, appearing as a void space in the matrix, was located on the tidemark at the chondro-osseous junction. The content of the CLL included types II and VI collagen, proteoglycans but not intact chondrocytes. At least one CLL was found in 5/6 osteoarthritic knees and only 2/6 in the non-osteoarthritic knees. The margin of the CLL was depleted of proteoglycans. The chondrocytes around the lesion were deformed and occasionally apoptotic. Matrix metalloproteinase 13 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor were not detected in and around the CLL. CLLs disrupt the integrity of cartilage at a mechanically critical location-the chondro-osseous junction. The significance of the CLL in cartilage biology and its potential role in OA pathogenesis warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhang
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, 201 E. University Parkway, Bauernschmidt Building 763, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Beckett
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lew Schon
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, 201 E. University Parkway, Bauernschmidt Building 763, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Morphological and Microstructural Alterations of the Articular Cartilage and Bones during Treadmill Exercises with Different Additional Weight-Bearing Levels. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2017; 2017:8696921. [PMID: 29065659 PMCID: PMC5525086 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8696921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological and microstructural alterations of the articular cartilage and bones during treadmill exercises with different exercise intensities. Sixty 5-week-old female rats were randomly divided into 10 groups: five additional weight-bearing groups (WBx) and five additional weight-bearing with treadmill exercise groups (EBx), which were subjected to additional weight bearing of x% (x = 0, 5, 12, 19, and 26) of the corresponding body weight of each rat for 15 min/day. After 8 weeks of experiment, the rats were humanely sacrificed and their bilateral intact knee joints were harvested. Morphological analysis of the cartilages and microcomputed tomography evaluation of bones were subsequently performed. Results showed that increased additional weight bearing may lead to cartilage damage. No significant difference was observed among the subchondral cortical thicknesses of the groups. The microstructure of subchondral trabecular bone of 12% and 19% additional weight-bearing groups was significantly improved; however, the WB26 and EB26 groups showed low bone mineral density and bone volume fraction as well as high structure model index. In conclusion, effects of treadmill exercise on joints may be associated with different additional weight-bearing levels, and exercise intensities during joint growth and maturation should be selected reasonably.
Collapse
|
23
|
Parks AN, McFaline-Figueroa J, Coogan A, Poe-Yamagata E, Guldberg RE, Platt MO, Temenoff JS. Supraspinatus tendon overuse results in degenerative changes to tendon insertion region and adjacent humeral cartilage in a rat model. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1910-1918. [PMID: 28001327 PMCID: PMC5479759 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of rotator cuff tendon overuse injuries is still not well understood. Furthermore, how this overuse injury impacts other components of the glenohumeral joint, including nearby articular cartilage, is also unclear. Therefore, this study sought to better understand the time course of tendon protease activity in a rat model of supraspinatus overuse, as well as determine effects of 10 weeks of overuse on humeral head articular cartilage. For these studies, multiplex gelatin zymography was used to characterize protease activity profiles in tendon and cartilage, while histological scoring/mechanical testing and micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging were used to quantify structural damage in the supraspinatus tendon insertion and humeral articular cartilage, respectively. Histological scoring of supraspinatus tendon insertions revealed tendinopathic cellular and collagen fiber changes after 10 weeks of overuse when compared to controls, while mechanical testing revealed no significant differences between tensile moduli (overuse: 24.5 ± 11.5 MPa; control: 16.3 ± 8.7 MPa). EPIC-μCT imaging on humeral articular cartilage demonstrated significant cartilage thinning (overuse: 119.6 ± 6.34 μm; control: 195.4 ± 13.4μm), decreased proteoglycan content (overuse: 2.1 ± 0.18 cm-1 ; control: 1.65 ± 0.14 cm-1 ), and increased subchondral bone thickness (overuse: 216.2 ± 10.9 μm; control: 192 ± 17.8μm) in the overuse animals. Zymography results showed no significant upregulation of cathepsins or matrix metalloproteinases in tendon or cartilage at 2 or 10 weeks of overuse compared to controls. These results have further elucidated timing of protease activity over 10 weeks and suggest that damage occurs to other tissues in addition to the supraspinatus tendon in this overuse injury model. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1910-1918, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akia N. Parks
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Jennifer McFaline-Figueroa
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Anne Coogan
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Emma Poe-Yamagata
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,George Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Manu O. Platt
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Johnna S. Temenoff
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The Association of Recreational and Competitive Running With Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017; 47:373-390. [PMID: 28504066 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2017.7137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Study Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Background Running is a healthy and popular activity worldwide, but data regarding its association with osteoarthritis (OA) are conflicting. Objectives To evaluate the association of hip and knee OA with running and to explore the influence of running intensity on this association. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were used to identify studies investigating the occurrence of OA of the hip and/or knee among runners. A meta-analysis of studies comparing this occurrence between runners and controls (sedentary, nonrunning individuals) was conducted. Runners were regarded as "competitive" if they were reported as professional/elite athletes or participated in international competitions. Recreational runners were individuals running in a nonprofessional (amateur) context. The prevalence rate and odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval [CI]) for OA between runners (at competitive and recreational levels) and controls were calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted for OA location (hip or knee), sex, and years of exposure to running (less or more than 15 years). Results Twenty-five studies (n = 125810 individuals) were included and 17 (n = 114829 individuals) were meta-analyzed. The overall prevalence of hip and knee OA was 13.3% (95% CI: 11.6%, 15.2%) in competitive runners, 3.5% (95% CI: 3.4%, 3.6%) in recreational runners, and 10.2% (95% CI: 9.9%, 10.6%) in controls. The odds ratio for hip and/or knee OA in competitive runners was higher than that in recreational runners (1.34; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.86 and 0.86; 95% CI: 0.69, 1.07, respectively; controls as reference group; for difference, P<.001). Exposure to running of less than 15 years was associated with a lower association with hip and/or knee OA compared with controls (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.73). Conclusion Recreational runners had a lower occurrence of OA compared with competitive runners and controls. These results indicated that a more sedentary lifestyle or long exposure to high-volume and/or high-intensity running are both associated with hip and/or knee OA. However, it was not possible to determine whether these associations were causative or confounded by other risk factors, such as previous injury. Level of Evidence Etiology/harm, level 2a. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(6):373-390. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7137.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kloefkorn HE, Allen KD. Quantitative histological grading methods to assess subchondral bone and synovium changes subsequent to medial meniscus transection in the rat. Connect Tissue Res 2017; 58:373-385. [PMID: 27797605 PMCID: PMC5568641 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1251425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The importance of the medial meniscus to knee health is demonstrated by studies which show meniscus injuries significantly increase the likelihood of developing osteoarthritis (OA), and knee OA can be modeled in rodents using simulated meniscus injuries. Traditionally, histological assessments of OA in these models have focused on damage to the articular cartilage; however, OA is now viewed as a disease of the entire joint as an organ system. The aim of this study was to develop quantitative histological measures of bone and synovial changes in a rat medial meniscus injury model of knee OA. MATERIALS AND METHODS To initiate OA, a medial meniscus transection (MMT) and a medial collateral ligament transection (MCLT) were performed in 32 male Lewis rats (MMT group). MCLT alone served as the sham procedure in 32 additional rats (MCLT sham group). At weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6 post-surgery, histological assessment of subchondral bone and synovium was performed (n = 8 per group per time point). RESULTS Trabecular bone area and the ossification width at the osteochondral interface increased in both the MMT and MCLT groups. Subintimal synovial cell morphology also changed in MMT and MCLT groups relative to naïve animals. CONCLUSIONS OA affects the joint as an organ system, and quantifying changes throughout an entire joint can improve our understanding of the relationship between joint destruction and painful OA symptoms following meniscus injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi E Kloefkorn
- a J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Kyle D Allen
- a J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Saito R, Muneta T, Ozeki N, Nakagawa Y, Udo M, Yanagisawa K, Tsuji K, Tomita M, Koga H, Sekiya I. Strenuous running exacerbates knee cartilage erosion induced by low amount of mono-iodoacetate in rats. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:36. [PMID: 28122526 PMCID: PMC5264323 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is still debated whether strenuous running in the inflammatory phase produces beneficial or harmful effect in rat knees. We examined (1) the dropout rate of rats during a 30-km running protocol, (2) influences of strenuous running and/or low amounts of mono-iodoacetate injection on cartilage, and (3) the effect of strenuous running on synovitis. Methods Rats were forced to run 30 km over 6 weeks and the dropout rate was examined. One week after 0.1 mg mono-iodoacetate was injected into the right knee, rats were forced to run either 15 km or not run at all over 3 weeks, after which knee cartilage was evaluated. Synovium at the infrapatellar fat pad was also examined histologically. Results Even though all 12 rats run up to 15 km, only 6 rats completed 30 km of running. Macroscopically, 0.1 mg mono-iodoacetate induced erosion at the tibial cartilage irrespective of 15 km of running. Histologically, 0.1 mg mono-iodoacetate induced loss of cartilage matrix in the tibial cartilage, and an additional 15 km of strenuous running significantly exacerbated the loss. Synovitis caused by mono-iodoacetate improved after running. Conclusions Only 50% of rats completed 30 km of running because of foot problems. Strenuous running further exacerbated tibial cartilage erosion but did not influence synovitis induced by mono-iodoacetate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Saito
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Muneta
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutake Ozeki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakagawa
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mio Udo
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Yanagisawa
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tsuji
- Department of Cartilage Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Tomita
- Clinical Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lakes EH, Allen KD. Gait analysis methods for rodent models of arthritic disorders: reviews and recommendations. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1837-1849. [PMID: 26995111 PMCID: PMC5026889 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Gait analysis is a useful tool to understand behavioral changes in preclinical arthritis models. While observational scoring and spatiotemporal gait parameters are the most widely performed gait analyses in rodents, commercially available systems can now provide quantitative assessments of spatiotemporal patterns. However, inconsistencies remain between testing platforms, and laboratories often select different gait pattern descriptors to report in the literature. Rodent gait can also be described through kinetic and kinematic analyses, but systems to analyze rodent kinetics and kinematics are typically custom made and often require sensitive, custom equipment. While the use of rodent gait analysis rapidly expands, it is important to remember that, while rodent gait analysis is a relatively modern behavioral assay, the study of quadrupedal gait is not new. Nearly all gait parameters are correlated, and a collection of gait parameters is needed to understand a compensatory gait pattern used by the animal. As such, a change in a single gait parameter is unlikely to tell the full biomechanical story; and to effectively use gait analysis, one must consider how multiple different parameters contribute to an altered gait pattern. The goal of this article is to review rodent gait analysis techniques and provide recommendations on how to use these technologies in rodent arthritis models, including discussions on the strengths and limitations of observational scoring, spatiotemporal, kinetic, and kinematic measures. Recognizing rodent gait analysis is an evolving tool, we also provide technical recommendations we hope will improve the utility of these analyses in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily H. Lakes
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL,Institute for Cell & Tissue Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kyle D. Allen
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL,Institute for Cell & Tissue Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yamaguchi S, Aoyama T, Ito A, Nagai M, Iijima H, Tajino J, Zhang X, Kiyan W, Kuroki H. The Effect of Exercise on the Early Stages of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Induced Cartilage Repair in a Rat Osteochondral Defect Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151580. [PMID: 26968036 PMCID: PMC4788414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of articular cartilage is challenging owing to the restriction in the ability of articular cartilage to repair itself. Therefore, cell supplementation therapy is possible cartilage repair method. However, few studies have verified the efficacy and safety of cell supplementation therapy. The current study assessed the effect of exercise on early the phase of cartilage repair following cell supplementation utilizing mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) intra-articular injection. An osteochondral defect was created on the femoral grooves bilaterally of Wistar rats. Mesenchymal stromal cells that were obtained from male Wistar rats were cultured in monolayer. After 4 weeks, MSCs were injected into the right knee joint and the rats were randomized into an exercise or no-exercise intervention group. The femurs were divided as follows: C group (no exercise without MSC injection); E group (exercise without MSC injection); M group (no exercise with MSC injection); and ME group (exercise with MSC injection). At 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the injection, the femurs were sectioned and histologically graded using the Wakitani cartilage repair scoring system. At 2 weeks after the injection, the total histological scores of the M and ME groups improved significantly compared with those of the C group. Four weeks after the injection, the scores of both the M and ME groups improved significantly. Additionally, the scores in the ME group showed a significant improvement compared to those in the M group. The improvement in the scores of the E, M, and ME groups at 8 weeks were not significantly different. The findings indicate that exercise may enhance cartilage repair after an MSC intra-articular injection. This study highlights the importance of exercise following cell transplantation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoki Yamaguchi
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Development and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Momoko Nagai
- Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Iijima
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Tajino
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xiangkai Zhang
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Kiyan
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroki
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Troib A, Guterman M, Rabkin R, Landau D, Segev Y. Endurance exercise and growth hormone improve bone formation in young and growth-retarded chronic kidney disease rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 31:1270-9. [PMID: 26560811 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with both short stature and abnormal bone mineralization. Normal longitudinal growth depends on proper maturation of epiphyseal growth plate (EGP) chondrocytes, leading to the formation of trabecular bone in the primary ossification centre. We have recently shown that linear growth impairment in CKD is associated with impaired EGP growth hormone (GH) receptor signalling and that exercise improved insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) signalling in CKD-related muscle atrophy. METHODS In this study, 20-day-old rats underwent 5/6 nephrectomy (CKD) or sham surgery (C) and were exercised with treadmill, with or without GH supplementation. RESULTS CKD-related growth retardation was associated with a widened EGP hypertrophic zone. This was not fully corrected by exercise (except for tibial length). Exercise in CKD improved the expression of EGP key factors of endochondral ossification such as IGF-I, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteocalcin. Combining GH treatment with treadmill exercise for 2 weeks improved the decreased trabecular bone volume in CKD, as well as the expression of growth plate runt-related transcription factor 2, RANKL, metalloproteinase 13 and VEGF, while GH treatment alone could not do that. CONCLUSIONS Treadmill exercise improves tibial bone linear growth, as well as growth plate local IGF-I. When combined with GH treatment, running exercise shows beneficial effects on trabecular bone formation, suggesting the potential benefit of this combination for CKD-related short stature and bone disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Troib
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Mayan Guterman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ralph Rabkin
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care Palo Alto, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Medicine Department/Renal Division, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Landau
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel Department of Pediatrics, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Yael Segev
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Øiestad BE, Quinn E, White D, Roemer F, Guermazi A, Nevitt M, Segal NA, Lewis CE, Felson DT. No Association between Daily Walking and Knee Structural Changes in People at Risk of or with Mild Knee Osteoarthritis. Prospective Data from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study. J Rheumatol 2015; 42:1685-93. [PMID: 26077404 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between objectively measured daily walking and knee structural change, defined either as radiographic worsening or as cartilage loss, in people at risk of or with knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Participants from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) with Kellgren-Lawrence grades 0-2 and daily walking (measured with the StepWatch) at the 60-month visit were included. Participants had fixed-flexion, weight-bearing radiographs and knee magnetic resonance images (MRI) at 60 and 84 months. Radiographic worsening was read in both knees using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International grading, and MRI were read for 1 knee using the Whole-Organ MRI Score semiquantitative scoring. OR and 95% CI were calculated comparing those in the middle tertile against the lowest and highest tertiles of daily walking using logistic regression models and generalized estimating equations. Data on walking with moderate to vigorous intensity (min with > 100 steps/min/day) were associated to structural change using multivariate and logistic regression models. RESULTS The 1179 study participants (59% women) were 67.0 years old (± 7.6), with a mean (± SD) body mass index of 29.8 kg/m(2) (± 5.3) who walked 6981 (± 2630) steps/day. After adjusting for confounders, we found no significant associations between daily walking and radiographic worsening or cartilage loss. More time spent walking at a moderate to vigorous intensity was not associated with either radiographic worsening or cartilage loss. CONCLUSION Results from the MOST study indicated no association between daily walking and structural changes over 2 years in the knees of people at risk of or with mild knee OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britt Elin Øiestad
- From the Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, and Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas; Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.B.E. Øiestad, PT, PhD, Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital; E. Quinn, MSc, Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health; D. White, PT, ScD, MSc, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, and Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine; F. Roemer, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; A. Guermazi, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; M. Nevitt, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California; N.A. Segal, MD, MS, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas; C.E. Lewis, MD, MSPH, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; D.T. Felson, MD, MPH, Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, and Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester. Britt
| | - Emily Quinn
- From the Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, and Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas; Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.B.E. Øiestad, PT, PhD, Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital; E. Quinn, MSc, Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health; D. White, PT, ScD, MSc, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, and Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine; F. Roemer, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; A. Guermazi, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; M. Nevitt, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California; N.A. Segal, MD, MS, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas; C.E. Lewis, MD, MSPH, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; D.T. Felson, MD, MPH, Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, and Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester
| | - Daniel White
- From the Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, and Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas; Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.B.E. Øiestad, PT, PhD, Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital; E. Quinn, MSc, Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health; D. White, PT, ScD, MSc, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, and Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine; F. Roemer, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; A. Guermazi, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; M. Nevitt, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California; N.A. Segal, MD, MS, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas; C.E. Lewis, MD, MSPH, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; D.T. Felson, MD, MPH, Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, and Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester
| | - Frank Roemer
- From the Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, and Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas; Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.B.E. Øiestad, PT, PhD, Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital; E. Quinn, MSc, Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health; D. White, PT, ScD, MSc, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, and Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine; F. Roemer, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; A. Guermazi, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; M. Nevitt, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California; N.A. Segal, MD, MS, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas; C.E. Lewis, MD, MSPH, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; D.T. Felson, MD, MPH, Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, and Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester
| | - Ali Guermazi
- From the Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, and Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas; Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.B.E. Øiestad, PT, PhD, Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital; E. Quinn, MSc, Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health; D. White, PT, ScD, MSc, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, and Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine; F. Roemer, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; A. Guermazi, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; M. Nevitt, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California; N.A. Segal, MD, MS, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas; C.E. Lewis, MD, MSPH, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; D.T. Felson, MD, MPH, Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, and Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester
| | - Michael Nevitt
- From the Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, and Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas; Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.B.E. Øiestad, PT, PhD, Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital; E. Quinn, MSc, Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health; D. White, PT, ScD, MSc, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, and Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine; F. Roemer, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; A. Guermazi, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; M. Nevitt, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California; N.A. Segal, MD, MS, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas; C.E. Lewis, MD, MSPH, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; D.T. Felson, MD, MPH, Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, and Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester
| | - Neil A Segal
- From the Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, and Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas; Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.B.E. Øiestad, PT, PhD, Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital; E. Quinn, MSc, Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health; D. White, PT, ScD, MSc, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, and Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine; F. Roemer, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; A. Guermazi, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; M. Nevitt, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California; N.A. Segal, MD, MS, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas; C.E. Lewis, MD, MSPH, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; D.T. Felson, MD, MPH, Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, and Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester
| | - Cora E Lewis
- From the Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, and Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas; Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.B.E. Øiestad, PT, PhD, Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital; E. Quinn, MSc, Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health; D. White, PT, ScD, MSc, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, and Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine; F. Roemer, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; A. Guermazi, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; M. Nevitt, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California; N.A. Segal, MD, MS, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas; C.E. Lewis, MD, MSPH, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; D.T. Felson, MD, MPH, Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, and Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester
| | - David T Felson
- From the Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, and Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas; Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.B.E. Øiestad, PT, PhD, Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Oslo University Hospital; E. Quinn, MSc, Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health; D. White, PT, ScD, MSc, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, and Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine; F. Roemer, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; A. Guermazi, MD, PhD, Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; M. Nevitt, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California; N.A. Segal, MD, MS, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas; C.E. Lewis, MD, MSPH, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; D.T. Felson, MD, MPH, Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, and Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schultz M, Molligan J, Schon L, Zhang Z. Pathology of the calcified zone of articular cartilage in post-traumatic osteoarthritis in rat knees. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120949. [PMID: 25807537 PMCID: PMC4373850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the pathology occurring at the calcified zone of articular cartilage (CZC) in the joints afflicted with post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Methods Rats underwent bilateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection and medial meniscectomy to induce PTOA. Sham surgery was performed on another five rats to serve as controls. The rats were euthanized after four weeks of surgery and tibial plateaus were dissected for histology. The pathology of PTOA, CZC area and the tidemark roughness at six pre-defined locations on the tibial plateaus were quantified by histomorphometry. Results PTOA developed in the knees, generally more severe at the medial plateau than the lateral plateau, of rats in the experimental group. The CZC area was unchanged in the PTOA joints, but the topographic variations of CZC areas that presented in the control knees were reduced in the PTOA joints. The tidemark roughness decreased in areas of the medial plateau of PTOA joints and that was inversely correlated with the Mankin’s score of PTOA pathology. Conclusion Reduced tidemark roughness and unchanged CZC area differentiate PTOA from primary osteoarthritis, which is generally believed to have the opposite pathology at CZC, and may contribute to the distinct disease progression of the two entities of arthropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Schultz
- Center of Anatomical Science, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Molligan
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, Medstar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lew Schon
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, Medstar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, Medstar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Miller RH, Edwards WB, Brandon SCE, Morton AM, Deluzio KJ. Why don't most runners get knee osteoarthritis? A case for per-unit-distance loads. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:572-9. [PMID: 24042311 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Peak knee joint contact forces ("loads") in running are much higher than they are in walking, where the peak load has been associated with the initiation and progression of knee osteoarthritis. However, runners do not have an especially high risk of osteoarthritis compared with nonrunners. This paradox suggests that running somehow blunts the effect of very high peak joint contact forces, perhaps to provide a load per unit distance (PUD) traveled that is relatively low. PURPOSE This study aimed to compare peak and PUD knee joint loads between human walking and running. METHODS Fourteen healthy adults walked and ran at self-selected speeds. Ground reaction force and motion capture data were measured and combined with inverse dynamics and musculoskeletal modeling to estimate the peak knee joint loads, PUD knee joint loads, and the impulse of the knee joint contact force for each gait with a matched-pair (within-subject) design. RESULTS The peak load was three times higher in running (8.02 vs 2.72 body weight, P < 0.001), but the PUD load did not differ between running and walking (0.80 vs 0.75 body weight per meter, P = 0.098). The impulse of the joint contact force was greater for running than for walking (1.30 vs 1.04 body weight per second, P < 0.001). The peak load increased with increasing running speed, whereas the PUD load decreased with increasing speed. CONCLUSIONS Compared with walking, the relatively short duration of ground contact and relatively long length of strides in running seem to blunt the effect of high peak joint loads, such that the PUD loads are no higher than that in walking. Waveform features other than or in addition to the peak value should be considered when studying joint loading and injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross H Miller
- 1Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, CANADA; 2Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, CANADA; and 3Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fick JM, Huttu MRJ, Lammi MJ, Korhonen RK. In vitro glycation of articular cartilage alters the biomechanical response of chondrocytes in a depth-dependent manner. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:1410-8. [PMID: 25278052 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if increasing cartilage cross-links through in vitro glycation of cartilage explants can alter the biomechanical response of chondrocytes to compressive deformation. METHOD Bovine osteochondral explants were either incubated with cell culture solution supplemented with (n = 7) or without (n = 7) ribose for 42 h in order to induce glycation. Deformation-induced changes in cell volume, dimensions and local tissue strains were determined through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the use of a custom built micro-compression device. Osteochondral explants were also utilized to demonstrate changes in depth-wise tissue properties, biomechanical tissue properties and cross-links such as pentosidine (Pent), hydroxylysyl pyridinoline (HP) and lysyl pyridinoline (LP). RESULTS The ribose treated osteochondral samples experienced reduced cell volume deformation in the upper tissue zone by ∼ 8% (P = 0.005), as compared the control samples, through restricting cell expansion. In the deeper tissue zone, cell volume deformation was increased by ∼ 12% (P < 0.001) via the transmission of mechanical signals further into the tissue depth. Biomechanical testing of the ribose treated osteochondral samples demonstrated an increase in the equilibrium and dynamic strain dependent moduli (P < 0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively). The biochemical analysis revealed an increase in Pent cross-links (P < 0.001). Depth-wise tissue property analyses revealed increased levels of carbohydrate content, greater levels of fixed charge density and an increased carbohydrate to protein ratio from 6 to 16%, 55-100% and 72-79% of the normalized tissue thickness (from the surface), respectively, in the ribose-treated group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In vitro glycation alters the biomechanical response of chondrocytes in cartilage differently in upper and deeper zones, offering possible insights into how aging could alter cell deformation behavior in cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Fick
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland.
| | - M R J Huttu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - M J Lammi
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - R K Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the predominant form of arthritis worldwide, resulting in a high degree of functional impairment and reduced quality of life owing to chronic pain. To date, there are no treatments that are known to modify disease progression of OA in the long term. Current treatments are largely based on the modulation of pain, including NSAIDs, opiates and, more recently, centrally acting pharmacotherapies to avert pain. This review will focus on the rationale for new avenues in pain modulation, including inhibition with anti-NGF antibodies and centrally acting analgesics. The authors also consider the potential for structure modification in cartilage/bone using growth factors and stem cell therapies. The possible mismatch between structural change and pain perception will also be discussed, introducing recent techniques that may assist in improved patient phenotyping of pain subsets in OA. Such developments could help further stratify subgroups and treatments for people with OA in future.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ozawa J, Kaneguchi A, Tanaka R, Kawamata S, Kurose T, Moriyama H, Kito N, Kawaguchi N, Matsuura N. Interaction between gastrocnemius muscle weakness and moderate exercise deteriorates joint integrity in rat knee. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:e11-9. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Ozawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation; Hiroshima International University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - A. Kaneguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Technology and Health Welfare Sciences; Hiroshima International University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - R. Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation; Hiroshima International University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - S. Kawamata
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - T. Kurose
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - H. Moriyama
- Graduate School of Health Sciences; Kobe University; Hyogo Japan
| | - N. Kito
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation; Hiroshima International University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - N. Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - N. Matsuura
- Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Siebelt M, Groen HC, Koelewijn SJ, de Blois E, Sandker M, Waarsing JH, Müller C, van Osch GJVM, de Jong M, Weinans H. Increased physical activity severely induces osteoarthritic changes in knee joints with papain induced sulfate-glycosaminoglycan depleted cartilage. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R32. [PMID: 24472689 PMCID: PMC3978821 DOI: 10.1186/ar4461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Articular cartilage needs sulfated-glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) to withstand high pressures while mechanically loaded. Chondrocyte sGAG synthesis is regulated by exposure to compressive forces. Moderate physical exercise is known to improve cartilage sGAG content and might protect against osteoarthritis (OA). This study investigated whether rat knee joints with sGAG depleted articular cartilage through papain injections might benefit from moderate exercise, or whether this increases the susceptibility for cartilage degeneration. Methods sGAGs were depleted from cartilage through intraarticular papain injections in the left knee joints of 40 Wistar rats; their contralateral joints served as healthy controls. Of the 40 rats included in the study, 20 rats remained sedentary, and the other 20 were subjected to a moderately intense running protocol. Animals were longitudinally monitored for 12 weeks with in vivo micro-computed tomography (μCT) to measure subchondral bone changes and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT to determine synovial macrophage activation. Articular cartilage was analyzed at 6 and 12 weeks with ex vivo contrast-enhanced μCT and histology to measure sGAG content and cartilage thickness. Results All outcome measures were unaffected by moderate exercise in healthy control joints of running animals compared with healthy control joints of sedentary animals. Papain injections in sedentary animals resulted in severe sGAG-depleted cartilage, slight loss of subchondral cortical bone, increased macrophage activation, and osteophyte formation. In running animals, papain-induced sGAG-depleted cartilage showed increased cartilage matrix degradation, sclerotic bone formation, increased macrophage activation, and more osteophyte formation. Conclusions Moderate exercise enhanced OA progression in papain-injected joints and did not protect against development of the disease. This was not restricted to more-extensive cartilage damage, but also resulted in pronounced subchondral sclerosis, synovial macrophage activation, and osteophyte formation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim BJ, Kim DW, Kim SH, Cho JH, Lee HJ, Park DY, Park SR, Choi BH, Min BH. Establishment of a reliable and reproducible murine osteoarthritis model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:2013-20. [PMID: 24120491 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many osteoarthritis (OA) models have been developed in mice to understand OA progression and evaluate new OA therapies. However, the individual variation of the joint lesions remains a critical problem in most of the current OA models. We established an OA model in C57BL/6 mice that is more reproducible and amenable to therapeutic intervention by controlling their movement. DESIGN OA was induced in 9-week-old C57BL/6 mice by destabilizing the medial meniscus. The mice were then raised in the standard cage for free movement or in a confined cage customized to restrict movement. Mice in the confined cage were subjected to no exercise or exercise of 400, 800, and 1200 m/day. RESULTS OA lesions of mice in the confined cage were more severe in the exercise group and showed much less variation. However, the patterns of OA lesions over time were quite different depending on the amount of daily exercise; the patterns increased linearly until 8 weeks in 400 m/day exercise group, but showed plateauing after 4 weeks in 800 m/day and 1200 m/day groups. The validity of our novel OA model with movement control was proven by successfully discriminating the therapeutic effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) in histological scores, while the OA model using standard caging showed a statistically insignificant difference. CONCLUSION The mouse OA model using the confine cage and enforced periodic exercise of mice is more reproducible and reliable than standard caging methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Kim
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Molligan J, Schon L, Zhang Z. A stereologic study of the plantar fat pad in young and aged rats. J Anat 2013; 223:537-45. [PMID: 24033117 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Plantar fat pad (PFP) is a tissue structure that absorbs the initial impact of walking and running and ultimately bears body weight at standing. This study was designed to quantify the histomorphological changes of the PFP in aged rats. The most medial PFP was dissected from the hind feet of young rats (4 months old, n = 6) and aged rats (24 months old, n = 6). Histological structure and cellular senescence of PFP were analyzed stereologically and histomorphometrically. Immunohistochemistry of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was also performed on PFP tissue sections. Compared with young rats, the thickness of epidermis, dermis and septa of the PFP were significantly reduced in the aged rats. The total volume of adipose tissue in the PFP of aged rats was only about 65% of that in the young rats. The microvascular density and the number of fat pad units (FPU), a cluster of adipocytes enclosed by elastin septa, in the PFP were unchanged in the aged rats. In the aged rats, the number of adipocytes per FPU was reduced but the number of simple adipocyte clusters, without surrounding septa, was increased. The shift of the types of adipocyte clusters in the aged PFP was accompanied by degradation of elastin fibers and increased expression of MMP9. In conclusion, the PFP, particularly the elastic septa, degenerates significantly in aged rats and this may contribute to the pathology of PFP-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Molligan
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, Medstar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hsp90 Inhibition Protects Against Biomechanically Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:2102-12. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
40
|
Yamaguchi S, Aoyama T, Ito A, Nagai M, Iijima H, Zhang X, Tajino J, Kuroki H. Effects of exercise level on biomarkers in a rat knee model of osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1026-31. [PMID: 23483591 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the levels of serum biomarkers reflect the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by different levels of exercise. Thirty-five Wistar rats subjected to anterior cruciate ligament transaction (ACLT) were divided into three groups: Control, moderate running, and intense running. Twelve rats (moderate running without ACLT) were allocated as a naive group. Running was performed on a motorized treadmill, at a speed of 18 m/min for 30 min/day (moderate and naive) or 60 min/day (intense) for 3 days per week. After 2 or 4 weeks, OA histopathology in the knees was evaluated using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score, and the serum levels of cleaved collagen type II (C2C) and procollagen II C-propeptide (CPII) were analyzed. The OARSI score deteriorated in the intense running group after 2 weeks and the serum C2C/CPII ratio suggested the development of OA. At 4 weeks, the C2C/CPII ratio suggested there would be deterioration in the OARSI score but the score did not differ significantly between the moderate and intense running groups. C2C/CPII ratio had 13-25% correlation with the OARSI histological score. Thus, in rat experimental OA, the OARSI score could be partially predicted by the C2C/CPII ratio as a serum biomarker of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoki Yamaguchi
- Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin, Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Reuther KE, Thomas SJ, Sarver JJ, Tucker JJ, Lee CS, Gray CF, Glaser DL, Soslowsky LJ. Effect of return to overuse activity following an isolated supraspinatus tendon tear on adjacent intact tendons and glenoid cartilage in a rat model. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:710-5. [PMID: 23280495 PMCID: PMC3641891 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rotator cuff tears are common conditions that can alter shoulder mechanics and may lead to damage of intact joint tissues. These injuries are of particular concern in populations who perform tasks requiring repetitive overhead activity (e.g., athletes and laborers) and who are likely to return to aggressive pre-injury activity levels despite limited understanding of the potentially damaging effects on the remaining tissues. Therefore, we investigated the effect of returning to overuse activity following a supraspinatus tear on shoulder function and the mechanical properties of the remaining intact tendons and glenoid cartilage. Forty rats underwent 4 weeks of overuse activity to create a tendinopathic condition followed by detachment of the supraspinatus tendon and were then randomized into two groups: continued overuse or cage activity. Ambulatory measurements were performed throughout the 8 weeks prior to euthaniasia, and properties of the adjacent tendons and cartilage were evaluated. Results demonstrated that shoulder function was not compromised in the return to overuse group. However, alterations of the glenoid cartilage and biceps tendon properties occurred. Our results help define the contributory roles of common mechanical injury mechanisms and provide a framework by which physicians could better prescribe long-term treatment strategies for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Reuther
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Muir J, Kiel DP, Rubin CT. Safety and severity of accelerations delivered from whole body vibration exercise devices to standing adults. J Sci Med Sport 2013; 16:526-31. [PMID: 23453990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whole body vibration devices are used as a means to augment training, and their potential to treat a range of musculoskeletal diseases and injuries is now being considered. The goal of this work is to determine the degree to which acceleration delivered by whole body vibration devices at the plantar surfaces of a standing human is transmitted through the axial and appendicular skeleton, and how this mechanical challenge corresponds to the safety threshold limit values established by the International Standards Organization ISO-2631. DESIGN Non-blinded laboratory assessment of a range of whole body vibration devices as it pertains to acceleration transmission to healthy volunteers. METHODS Using skin and bite-bar mounted accelerometers, transmissibility to the tibia and cranium was determined in six healthy adults standing on a programmable whole body vibration device as a function of frequency and intensity. Measures of transmissibility were then made from three distinct types of whole body vibration platforms, which delivered a 50-fold range of peak-to-peak acceleration intensities (0.3-15.1 gp-p; where 1g is Earth's gravitational field). RESULTS For a given frequency, transmissibility was independent of intensity when below 1g. Transmissibility declined non-linearly with increasing frequency. Depending on the whole body vibration device, vibration ranged from levels considered safe by ISO-2631 for up to 8h each day (0.3 gp-p @ 30 Hz), to levels that were seven times higher than what is considered a safe threshold for even 1 min of exposure each day (15.1 gp-p @ 30 Hz). Transmissibility to the cranium was markedly attenuated by the degree of flexion in the knees. CONCLUSIONS Vibration can have adverse effects on a number of physiologic systems. This work indicates that readily accessible whole body vibration devices markedly exceed ISO guidelines for safety, and extreme caution must be practiced when considering their use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Muir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ni GX, Liu SY, Lei L, Li Z, Zhou YZ, Zhan LQ. Intensity-dependent effect of treadmill running on knee articular cartilage in a rat model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:172392. [PMID: 24693534 PMCID: PMC3892754 DOI: 10.1155/2013/172392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the changes of femoral cartilage in response to treadmill running with different intensities in the hope of differentiating "moderate" and "strenuous" running in a rat model. METHOD A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into groups of sedentary (SED), low-intensity running (LIR), medium-intensity running (MIR), and high-intensity running (HIR). Rats in LIR, MIR, and HIR groups underwent 8 weeks' treadmill running programs. After sacrificed, femoral condyles were collected to take histomorphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry for collagen II. RESULTS Gross and histological observation showed osteoarthritic changes in group HIR. In comparison to SED group, there was significant increase in cartilage thickness, number of chondrocytes, and GAG content in groups LIR and MIR. Conversely, decrease in cartilage thickness, chondrocyte number, and GAG content was found in rats of HIR group, without significant difference though. In addition, in comparison to SED group, HIR group exhibited disorganization of collagen fibril and significantly lower content of collagen type II. CONCLUSION An intensity-dependent effect was suggested on the articular cartilage. Our results also demonstrated that running with low-to-medium intensity applied in the present study should be regarded as "moderate" running, whereas high-intensity running as "strenuous" running.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xin Ni
- 1Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue (N), Guangzhou 510515, China
- *Guo-Xin Ni:
| | - Sheng-Yao Liu
- 1Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue (N), Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lei Lei
- 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Longyan People's Hospital, 31 Denggao Road (W), Longyan 364000, China
| | - Zhe Li
- 1Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue (N), Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yue-Zhu Zhou
- 3Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Li-Qiong Zhan
- 3Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, China
| |
Collapse
|