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Ma T, Jia L, Zhao J, Lv L, Yu Y, Ruan H, Song X, Chen H, Li X, Zhang J, Gao L. Ginkgolide C slows the progression of osteoarthritis by activating Nrf2/HO-1 and blocking the NF-κB pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1027553. [PMID: 36386227 PMCID: PMC9651149 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1027553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is driven by chronic low-grade inflammation and subsequent cartilage degradation. OA is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease worldwide, and its treatment remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to explore the potential effects and mechanism underlying the anti-OA properties of ginkgolide C (GC). Protective effects of GC on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated rat chondrocytes were evaluated using ELISA, qPCR, western blot analysis, flow cytometry, ROS detection and immunofluorescence in vitro. Ameliorating effects of GC on cartilage degeneration in rats were evaluated through behavioral assays, microcomputed tomography, histopathological analysis, western blot analysis and ELISA in vivo. In vitro, GC treatment inhibited the release of pro-apoptotic factors induced by H2O2 and promoted the release of the anti-apoptotic proteins. In addition, GC decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP3 and MMP13), thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS4), and inflammatory mediators inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and SOX9 thereby inhibiting extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Mechanistically, GC exerts its anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects by upregulating the oxidative stress signaling Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and preventing p65 from binding to DNA. Similarly, In a rat model with post-traumatic OA (PTOA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), GC inhibited joint pain, cartilage destruction, and abnormal bone remodeling of subchondral bone. GC inhibited H2O2-induced chondrocyte apoptosis through Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB axis, exerted anti-inflammatory effects, and inhibited cartilage degeneration in rat OA. Our findings advanced the concept that GC may contribute to cartilage metabolism through anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, and the identified GC is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lina Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangyu Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongri Ruan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaopeng Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang key Laboratory of Animals Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang key Laboratory of Animals Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang key Laboratory of Animals Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
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Wang Z, Efferth T, Hua X, Zhang XA. Medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites in alleviating knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154347. [PMID: 35914361 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing ages of the general population, the incidence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is also rising, and KOA has become a major health problem worldwide. Recently, medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites have gained interest due to their activity in treating KOA. In this paper, a comprehensive systematic review of the literature was performed concerning the effects of medicinal plant extracts and natural compounds against KOA in recent years. The related molecular pathways of natural compounds against KOA were summarized, and the possible crosstalk among components in chondrocytes was discussed to propose possible solutions for the current situation of treating KOA. PURPOSE This review focused on the molecular mechanisms by which medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites act against KOA. METHODS Literature searches were performed in the PUBMED, Embase, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases for a 10-year period from 2011 to 2022 with the search terms "medicinal plants," "bioactive compounds," "natural products," "phytochemical," "knee osteoarthritis," "knee joint osteoarthritis," "knee osteoarthritis," "osteoarthritis of the knee," and "osteoarthritis of knee joint." RESULTS According to the results, substantial plant extracts and secondary metabolites show a positive effect in fighting KOA. Plant extracts and their secondary metabolites can affect the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of KOA. Natural products inhibit the expression of MMP1, MMP3, MMP19, syndecan IV, ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, iNOS, COX-2, collagenases, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in vitro and in vivo and . Cytokines also upregulate the expression of collagen II and aggrecan. The main signaling pathways affected by the extracts and isolated compounds include AMPK, SIRT, NLRP3, MAPKs, PI3K/AKT, mTOR, NF-κB, WNT/β-catenin, JAK/STAT3, and NRF2, as well as the cell death modes apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. CONCLUSION The role of secondary metabolites in different signaling pathways supplies a better understanding of their potential to develop further curative options for KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, No. 36 Jinqiansong East Road, Shenyang, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xin Hua
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xin-An Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, No. 36 Jinqiansong East Road, Shenyang, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Deng J, Zhang T, Hua Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Jiao T, Li C, Zhang X. A Study on the Use of Phase Transition Lysozyme-Loaded Minocycline Hydrochloride in the Local Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3146-3157. [PMID: 35713307 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is the most important oral disease causing human tooth loss. Although supragingival and subgingival scaling is the main strategy of periodontitis clinical treatments, drug treatment has an indispensable auxiliary role to some degree. Periodontitis medical treatment is divided into systemically administered treatments and local periodontally administered treatments. Compared with systemic administration, local administration can increase local drug concentrations, reduce dosages, and prolong action times while also improving patient compliance and avoiding possible adverse effects due to systemic administration responses. However, some studies show that minocycline ointment, a clinical local drug commonly used in periodontal pockets, has an unstable release rate; 80% of the drug is usually released within 2-3 days after pocket placement. This release is not conducive to controlling periodontal infection and may hinder the periodontal tissue repair and regeneration. Therefore, choosing a suitable carrier for minocycline hydrochloride is necessary to control its local release in periodontal tissue. Phase transition lysozyme (PTL) has been widely used in many studies and the development of macromolecular carrier material, and we selected PTL as the carrier for minocycline hydrochloride drugs because of its good biocompatibility, good drug-carrying capacity, and stable release. Due to its release characteristics and simple preparation, PTL is a promising carrier material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jingjing Deng
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ye Hua
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Tiejun Jiao
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Changyi Li
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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4
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Liu Y, Ding S, Luan Y, Zhu Z, Cai Y, Liu Y. Ginkgo biloba extracts inhibit post-ischemic LTP through attenuating EPSCs in rat hippocampus. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2299-2311. [PMID: 34463942 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract 761 (EGb761), a standardized extract from the Ginkgo biloba leaf, is purported to inhibit NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal excitotoxicity and protect neurons form ischemic injury. However, the specific signal pathway involved in the effects of EGb761 on synaptic plasticity is still in dispute. In this article, effects of EGb761 and its monomer component ginkgolide A (GA), ginkgolide B (GB), ginkgolide C (GC) and quercetin on rat hippocampal synaptic plasticity were studied. The evoked Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and miniature EPSCs were recorded on hippocampal slices from SD rats (14-21 days of age) by whole-cell patch-clamp recording and long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced by theta-burst stimulation. Acutely applied EGb761 inhibited the LTP, but bilaterally affect the evoked EPSCs. The evoked EPSCs were increased by incubation of lower concentration of EGb761, then the evoked EPSCs were decreased by incubation of higher concentration of EGb761. EGb761 monomer component GA, GB and GC could also inhibit the TBS-induced LTP and EPSC amplitude but not paired-pulse ratio (PPR). But quercetin, another monomer component of EGb761, led to increase in EPSC amplitude and decrease in PPR. Simultaneously, EGb761 and its monomer component ginkgolides inhibited the post-ischemic LTP (i-LTP) by inhibiting the EPSCs and the AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 expression on postsynaptic membrane. The results indicated that high concentration of EGb761 might inhibit LTP and i-LTP through inhibition effects of GA, GB and GC on AMPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Supeng Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Luan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingkui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
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5
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Gui ZP, Hu Y, Zhou YN, Lin KL, Xu YJ. Effect of quercetin on chondrocyte phenotype and extracellular matrix expression. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 18:922-933. [PMID: 33357723 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)60036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the poor repair ability of cartilage tissue, regenerative medicine still faces great challenges in the repair of large articular cartilage defects. Quercetin is widely applied as a traditional Chinese medicine in tissue regeneration including liver, bone and skin tissues. However, the evidence for its effects and internal mechanisms for cartilage regeneration are limited. In the present study, the effects of quercetin on chondrocyte function were systematically evaluated by CCK8 assay, PCR assay, cartilaginous matrix staining assays, immunofluorescence assay, and western blotting. The results showed that quercetin significantly up-regulated the expression of chondrogenesis genes and stimulated the secretion of GAG (glycosaminoglycan) through activating the ERK, P38 and AKT signalling pathways in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed that quercetin-loaded silk protein scaffolds dramatically stimulated the formation of new cartilage-like tissue with higher histological scores in rat femoral cartilage defects. These data suggest that quercetin can effectively stimulate chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating the potential application of quercetin in the regeneration of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Gui
- Department of Oral & Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yue Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200000, China; Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yu-Ning Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200000, China; Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Kai-Li Lin
- Department of Oral & Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Yuan-Jin Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200000, China; Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China.
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6
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Park H, Hong J, Yin Y, Joo Y, Kim Y, Shin J, Kwon HH, Shin N, Shin HJ, Beom J, Kim DW, Kim J. TAP2, a peptide antagonist of Toll-like receptor 4, attenuates pain and cartilage degradation in a monoiodoacetate-induced arthritis rat model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17451. [PMID: 33060735 PMCID: PMC7567100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Because inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA) is related to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling cascades, TLR4 is a reasonable target for developing therapeutics for OA. Thus, we investigated whether TAP2, a peptide antagonist of TLR4, reduces the monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced arthritic pain and cartilage degradation in rats. TLR4 expression of human OA chondrocytes and synoviocytes and the knee joint tissue of MIA-induced arthritis were evaluated. MIA-induced arthritic model using Sprague–Dawley rats (6 week-old-male) were treated with TAP2, a TLR4 antagonist, and evaluated with behavioral test, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR. TLR4 was highly expressed in the knee joints of patients with OA and the MIA-induced rat model. Further, a single intraarticular injection of TAP2 (25 nmol/rat) molecules targeting TLR4 on day 7 after MIA injection dramatically attenuated pain behavior for about 3 weeks and reduced cartilage loss in the knee joints and microglial activation in the spinal dorsal horns. Likewise, the mRNA levels of TNFα and IL-1β, reactive oxygen species, and the expression of MMP13 in the knee joints of TAP2-treated rats was significantly decreased by TAP2 treatment compared with the control. Moreover, interestingly, the duration of OA pain relief by TAP2 was much longer than that of chemical TLR4 antagonists, such as C34 and M62812. In conclusion, TAP2 could effectively attenuate MIA-induced arthritis in rats by blocking TLR4 and its successive inflammatory cytokines and MMP13. Therefore, TAP2 could be a prospective therapeutic to treat patients with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Park
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinpyo Hong
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhua Yin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongbum Joo
- Department of Orthopedics, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmo Kim
- Department of Orthopedics, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Hee Kwon
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Beom
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Mok SW, Fu SC, Cheuk YC, Chu IM, Chan KM, Qin L, Yung SH, Kevin Ho KW. Intra-Articular Delivery of Quercetin Using Thermosensitive Hydrogel Attenuate Cartilage Degradation in an Osteoarthritis Rat Model. Cartilage 2020; 11:490-499. [PMID: 30160166 PMCID: PMC7488941 DOI: 10.1177/1947603518796550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quercetin (Que), a bioflavonoid, is both anti-inflammatory and antioxidative. Que has been used as an oral supplement for osteoarthritis (OA) with inconsistent findings because of its low bioavailability. We encapsulated Que in a mPEG-polypeptide thermogel to prolong its bioactivity. The efficacy of this formulation was evaluated in a posttraumatic OA rat model. DESIGN Methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-l-poly(alanine) (mPEG-PA) polymer was synthesized and characterized in terms of cytotoxicity and release kinetics in vitro. At 12 weeks old, Sprague-Dawley rats underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). At 24 weeks post-operation, rats received either an intra-articular (IA) injection of saline, hydrogel, or hydrogel with Que (50 or 500 μg). Gait analysis was performed at pre-ACLT, pre-treatment, and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-treatment. At 12 weeks post-treatment, knee joints were collected for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS In vitro studies showed that chondrocytes were viable after 72 hours of incubation with mPEG-PA, and the release of Que could be sustained for >28 days. Among all OA rats, the limb idleness index (LII) were significantly increased at 24 weeks post-ACLT. Rats that received hydrogel with Que (50 μg) showed the most reduction in LII at both 4 and 8 weeks post-treatment. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International score of rats received hydrogel with Que (50 μg) was significantly lower than the control group. All rats suffered from low-grade synovitis (Krenn score: 2-4). CONCLUSION This study suggests that a sustained delivery of Que (50 μg) could provide symptom relief and also delay the progression of OA in the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Wing Mok
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sai-Chuen Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yau-Chuk Cheuk
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - I-Ming Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ming Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shu-Hang Yung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ki-Wai Kevin Ho
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR,Ki-Wai Kevin Ho, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Rm 74034, 5/F, Lui Che Woo Clinical Science Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR.
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8
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Ansari MY, Ahmad N, Haqqi TM. Oxidative stress and inflammation in osteoarthritis pathogenesis: Role of polyphenols. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110452. [PMID: 32768946 PMCID: PMC8404686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint degenerative disease leading to irreversible structural and functional changes in the joint and is a major cause of disability and reduced life expectancy in ageing population. Despite the high prevalence of OA, there is no disease modifying drug available for the management of OA. Oxidative stress, a result of an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their clearance by antioxidant defense system, is high in OA cartilage and is a major cause of chronic inflammation. Inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are highly upregulated in OA joints and induce ROS production and expression of matrix degrading proteases leading to cartilage extracellular matrix degradation and joint dysfunction. ROS and inflammation are interdependent, each being the target of other and represent ideal target/s for the treatment of OA. Plant polyphenols possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can inhibit ROS production and inflammation in chondrocytes, cartilage explants and in animal models of OA. The aim of this review is to discuss the chondroprotective effects of polyphenols and modulation of different molecular pathways associated with OA pathogenesis and limitations and future prospects of polyphenols in OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yunus Ansari
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209, ST RT 44, Rootstown, Ohio, 44272, USA.
| | - Nashrah Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209, ST RT 44, Rootstown, Ohio, 44272, USA; School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA.
| | - Tariq M Haqqi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209, ST RT 44, Rootstown, Ohio, 44272, USA.
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9
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Can VC, Locke IC, Kaneva MK, Kerrigan MJP, Merlino F, De Pascale C, Grieco P, Getting SJ. Novel anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects of the human melanocortin MC1 receptor agonist BMS-470539 dihydrochloride and human melanocortin MC3 receptor agonist PG-990 on lipopolysaccharide activated chondrocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 872:172971. [PMID: 32004526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human melanocortin MC1 and MC3 receptors expressed on C-20/A4 chondrocytes exhibit chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects when activated by melanocortin peptides. Nearly 9 million people in the UK suffer from osteoarthritis, and bacterial infections play a role in its development. Here, we evaluate the effect of a panel of melanocortin peptides with different selectivity for human melanocortin MC1 (α-MSH, BMS-470539 dihydrochloride) and MC3 ([DTrp8]-γ-MSH, PG-990) receptors and C-terminal peptide α-MSH11-13(KPV), on inhibiting LPS-induced chondrocyte death, pro-inflammatory mediators and induction of anti-inflammatory proteins. C-20/A4 chondrocytes were treated with a panel of melanocortin peptides prophylactically and therapeutically in presence of LPS (0.1 μg/ml). The chondroprotective properties of these peptides determined by cell viability assay, RT-PCR, ELISA for detection of changes in inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-1, -3 and -13) and western blotting for expression of the anti-inflammatory protein heme-oxygenase-1. C-20/A4 expressed human melanocortin MC1 and MC3 receptors and melanocortin peptides elevated cAMP. LPS stimulation caused a reduction in C-20/A4 viability, attenuated by the human melanocortin MC1 receptor agonist BMS-470539 dihydrochloride, and MC3 receptor agonists PG-990 and [DTrp8]-γ-MSH. Prophylactic and therapeutic regimes of [DTrp8]-γ-MSH significantly inhibited LPS-induced modulation of cartilage-damaging IL-6, IL-8, MMPs -1,-3 and -13 mediators both prophylactically and therapeutically, whilst human melanocortin MC1 and MC3 receptor agonists promoted an increase in HO-1 production. In the presence of LPS, activation of human melanocortin MC1 and MC3 receptors provided potent chondroprotection, upregulation of anti-inflammatory proteins and downregulation of inflammatory and proteolytic mediators involved in cartilage degradation, suggesting a new avenue for osteoarthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedia C Can
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Ian C Locke
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Magdalena K Kaneva
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark J P Kerrigan
- Plymouth College of Art, Tavistock Place, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AT, UK
| | - Francesco Merlino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Via D. Montesano, 49 - 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Clara De Pascale
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Via D. Montesano, 49 - 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Stephen J Getting
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
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10
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Walter SG, Ossendorff R, Schildberg FA. Articular cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering models: a systematic review. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2019; 139:305-316. [PMID: 30382366 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-018-3057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cartilage regeneration and restoration is a major topic in orthopedic research as cartilaginous degeneration and damage is associated with osteoarthritis and joint destruction. This systematic review aims to summarize current research strategies in cartilage regeneration research. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Pubmed search for models investigating single-site cartilage defects as well as chondrogenesis was conducted and articles were evaluated for content by title and abstract. Finally, only manuscripts were included, which report new models or approaches of cartilage regeneration. RESULTS The search resulted in 2217 studies, 200 of which were eligible for inclusion in this review. The identified manuscripts consisted of a large spectrum of research approaches spanning from cell culture to tissue engineering and transplantation as well as sophisticated computational modeling. CONCLUSIONS In the past three decades, knowledge about articular cartilage and its defects has multiplied in clinical and experimental settings and the respective body of research literature has grown significantly. However, current strategies for articular cartilage repair have not yet succeeded to replicate the structure and function of innate articular cartilage, which makes it even more important to understand the current strategies and their impact. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to globally summarize experimental strategies investigating cartilage regeneration in vitro as well as in vivo. This will allow for better referencing when designing new models or strategies and potentially improve research translation from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian G Walter
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Ossendorff
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank A Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
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Zuo W, Yan F, Zhang B, Li J, Mei D. Advances in the Studies of Ginkgo Biloba Leaves Extract on Aging-Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2017; 8:812-826. [PMID: 29344418 PMCID: PMC5758353 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of degenerative disorders in public health has promoted in-depth investigations of the underlying pathogenesis and the development of new treatment drugs. Ginkgo biloba leaves extract (EGb) is obtained from Ginkgo biloba leaves and has been used for thousands of years. In recent decades, both basic and clinical studies have established the effects of EGb. It is widely used in various degenerative diseases such as cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, macroangiopathy and more. Here, we reviewed several pharmacological mechanisms of EGb, including its antioxidant properties, prevention of mitochondrial dysfunctions, and effect on apoptosis. We also described some clinical applications of EGb, such as its effect on neuro and cardiovascular protection, and anticancer properties. The above biological functions of EGb are mainly focused on aging-related disorders, but its effect on other diseases remains unclear. Thus, through this review, we aim to encourage further studies on EGb and discover more potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zuo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Mei
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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12
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Intra-articular injection of an antioxidant formulation did not improve structural degeneration in a rat model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. J Orthop Translat 2016; 8:25-31. [PMID: 30035091 PMCID: PMC5987041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Oxidative stress plays an important role in osteoarthritis (OA), causing inflammation and matrix degradation in joints. Previous studies have shown that antioxidants such as quercetin and vitamin C are potential candidates for treating OA. We aimed to determine whether a formulation of quercetin and vitamin C, together with an iron chelator, could retard OA progression in a post-traumatic OA rat model. Methods Twelve rats received anterior cruciate ligament transection for OA induction. At 20 weeks postoperation, weekly intra-articular injection of 50 μL of either saline or a formulation of quercetin dehydrate, sodium-L-ascorbate, and deferoxamine mesylate was given consecutively for 4 weeks (n = 5). Gait analysis was performed at pretreatment, and at 1 week and 5 weeks post-treatment. Microcomputed tomography scanning and histological scoring were performed at 5 weeks post-treatment. Results Gait analysis showed that intra-articular injections of antioxidant formulation did not improve pain-associated Limb Idleness Index over time (p = 0.449, Friedman test). However, at 5 weeks post-treatment, the treatment group exhibited a significantly lower Limb Idleness Index than the control group (p = 0.047, Mann–Whitney U test). At 5 weeks post-treatment, microcomputed tomography analysis revealed that there was no difference in any parameter between the treatment and control groups (p > 0.05, Student t test). Severe OA histopathological changes were found in both groups. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International scores of the treatment and control groups were 20 (range, 20–26) and 20 (range, 9–26), respectively (p = 0.382, Mann–Whitney U test). Conclusion Intra-articular injection of an antioxidant formulation containing quercetin, vitamin C, and deferoxamine did not retard OA progression in advanced-stage OA. Future studies should aim to determine whether giving antioxidants in early OA, with prolonged drug retention, would be effective in retarding OA progression.
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13
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Jiang LB, Lee S, Wang Y, Xu QT, Meng DH, Zhang J. Adipose-derived stem cells induce autophagic activation and inhibit catabolic response to pro-inflammatory cytokines in rat chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1071-81. [PMID: 26778531 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been demonstrated to have an anti-apoptosis effect on chondrocytes; However, their effect on autophagic activation remains unclear. We sought to explore whether ADSCs can activate autophagy and inhibit IL-1β- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced catabolism in chondrocytes. METHODS ADSCs and chondrocytes were collected from SD rats. The biologic characteristics of ADSCs were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis, Oil red O and Alizarin Red staining. Autophagic level and autophagic flux were revealed by Western blotting for LC3-II and SQSTM1/P62, MDC (monodansylcadaverine) staining and mRFP-GFP-LC3 analysis. The mTOR pathway was investigated by Western blotting for p-mTOR. The mRNA level of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs) was detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS The typical surface markers and differentiation potentials of ADSCs were proved. ADSCs enhanced the expression of LC3-II/LC3-I and reduced SQSTM1 levels in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes after 24 and 48 h co-culturing and in LPS-induced chondrocytes after 48 h co-culturing respectively. mRFP-GFP-LC3 analysis suggested that autophagosomes and autolysosomes were formed earlier in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes than in LPS-treated chondrocytes. Bafilomycin A1 treatment further increased the LC3-II/LC3-I level in chondrocytes in co-culture with ADSCs. The mTOR pathway was inhibited in the chondrocytes in co-culture with ADSCs. Finally, ADSCs inhibited the increase of MMPs and ADAMTSs in chondrocytes induced by IL-1β and LPS. CONCLUSIONS ADSCs seem able to activate autophagy and inhibit catabolism in chondrocytes in an inflammation environment, and the mTOR pathway might be involved in the autophagy activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Soomin Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin-Tong Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Hua Meng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Jiao R, Liu Y, Gao H, Xiao J, So KF. The Anti-Oxidant and Antitumor Properties of Plant Polysaccharides. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:463-488. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been increasingly recognized as a major contributing factor in a variety of human diseases, from inflammation to cancer. Although certain parts of signaling pathways are still under investigation, detailed molecular mechanisms for the induction of diseases have been elucidated, especially the link between excessive oxygen reactive species (ROS) damage and tumorigenesis. Emerging evidence suggests anti-oxidant therapy can play a key role in treating those diseases. Among potential drug resources, plant polysaccharides are natural anti-oxidant constituents important for human health because of their long history in ethnopharmacology, wide availability and few side effects upon consumption. Plant polysaccharides have been shown to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, cell viability promotion, immune-regulation and antitumor functions in a number of disease models, both in laboratory studies and in the clinic. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of signaling pathways involved in the initiation and progression of oxidative stress- and cancer-related diseases in humans. The natural sources, structural properties and biological actions of several common plant polysaccharides, including Lycium barbarum, Ginseng, Zizyphus Jujuba, Astragalus lentiginosus, and Ginkgo biloba are discussed in detail, with emphasis on their signaling pathways. All of the mentioned common plant polysaccharides have great potential to treat oxidative stress and cancinogenic disorders in cell models, animal disease models and clinical cases. ROS-centered pathways (e.g. mitochondrial autophagy, MAPK and JNK) and transcription factor-related pathways (e.g. NF-[Formula: see text]B and HIF) are frequently utilized by these polysaccharides with or without the further involvement of inflammatory and death receptor pathways. Some of the polysaccharides may also influence tumorigenic pathways, such as Wnt and p53 to play their anti-tumor roles. In addition, current problems and future directions for the application of those plant polysaccharides are also listed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Fai So
- Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Zheng B, Teng L, Xing G, Bi Y, Yang S, Hao F, Yan G, Wang X, Lee RJ, Teng L, Xie J. Proliposomes containing a bile salt for oral delivery of Ginkgo biloba extract: Formulation optimization, characterization, oral bioavailability and tissue distribution in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 77:254-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Wang X, Zhao X, Tang S. Inhibitory effects of EGb761 on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cartilage matrix destruction. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:781-6. [PMID: 26045200 PMCID: PMC4529858 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) play a pivotal role in the destruction of articular cartilage in patients who are suffering from osteoarthritis (OA). Collagen type II, the basis for articular cartilage, can be degraded by MMP-1, MMP-3, and 13. EGb761, the standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba produced by Dr. Willar Schwabe Pharmaceuticals, has shown its anti-inflammatory capacity. This study aimed to determine a mechanism whereby EGb761 may inhibit cartilage degradation. Our results indicated that pretreatment with EGb761 abolishes MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 gene expression and protein expression induced by TNF-α in human chondrocyte monolayer. In addition, the reduction of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) and metalloproteinase-2 gene expression induced by TNF-α was rescued by pretreatment with EGb761. Importantly, TNF-α-induced degradation of collagen type II was ameliorated by EGb761 in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, our results indicated that EGb761 treatment attenuated TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. These actions of EGb761 suggest a mechanism by which EGb761 may act to prevent cartilage breakdown in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Wang
- />Department of Joint Surgery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xingshen Zhao
- />Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang City, China
| | - Shusen Tang
- />Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, No. 2428, Yuhe Road, Weifang City, 261031 Shandong Province China
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Richardson W, Wilkinson D, Wu L, Petrigliano F, Dunn B, Evseenko D. Ensemble multivariate analysis to improve identification of articular cartilage disease in noisy Raman spectra. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:555-566. [PMID: 25264131 PMCID: PMC4472573 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of new methods for the early diagnosis of cartilage disease could offer significant improvement in patient care. Raman spectroscopy is an emerging biomedical technology with unique potential to recognize disease tissues, though difficulty in obtaining the samples needed to train a diagnostic and excessive signal noise could slow its development into a clinical tool. In the current report we detail the use of principal component analysis--linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) on spectra from pairs of materials modeling cartilage disease to create multiple spectral scoring metrics, which could limit the reliance on primary training data for identifying disease in low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) Raman spectra. Our proof-of-concept experiments show that combinations of these model-metrics has the potential to improve the classification of low-SNR Raman spectra from human normal and osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage over a single metric trained with spectra from the same healthy and OA tissues. Scatter plot showing the PCA-LDA derived human-disease-metric scores versus rat-model-metric scores for 7656 low signal-to-noise spectra from healthy (blue) and osteoarthritic (red) cartilage. Light vertical and horizontal lines represent the optimized single metric classification boundary. Dark diagonal line represents the classification of boundary resulting from the optimized combination of the two metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade Richardson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Dan Wilkinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Frank Petrigliano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Bruce Dunn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles.
| | - Denis Evseenko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles.
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18
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The effects of EGb761 on lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behaviour in C57BL/6J mice. Cent Eur J Immunol 2015; 40:11-7. [PMID: 26155178 PMCID: PMC4472532 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2015.49427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing body of evidence for the involvement of inflammation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in depression. Ginkgo extract EGb761 possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-arteriosclerosis, and neuroprotective activities. But the effect of EGb761 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behaviours has not been investigated. The present study mainly aimed to examine the antidepressant-like activities of Ginkgo extract EGb761 in mice after lipopolysaccharide administration. C57BL/6J male mice were pretreated with EGb761 or vehicle for 10 days. Then, a single dose of lipopolysaccharide was intraperitoneally administrated to mice to induce depressive-like behaviour. Forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and sucrose preference test were performed to evaluate the depressive-like behaviours of the mice. Locomotor activity was examined by open field test. Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-10 in hippocampus tissue homogenate were measured using ELISA kits. We found that LPS administration induced significant depressive-like behaviours, higher levels of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, and IL-17A, but lower levels of BDNF and IL-10 in hippocampus tissue homogenate of the mice from the vehicle group compared to the control mice. Pretreatment with middle dose (100 mg/kg/day) and high dose (150 mg/kg/day) of EGb761 significantly attenuated depressive-like behaviours without affecting spontaneous locomotor activity, and inhibited the changes of hippocampal cytokines and BDNF induced by LPS administration. We conclude that EGb761 has antidepressant-like activities in mice with LPS-induced depressive-like behaviours.
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Astragalin inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammatory mediators production in human osteoarthritis chondrocyte by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 25:83-7. [PMID: 25637445 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Astragalin, a bioactive component isolated from Rosa agrestis, has been described to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and the underlying mechanisms of astragalin on IL-1β-stimulated human osteoarthritis chondrocyte. The production of NO and PGE2 was detected by Griess reaction and ELISA. The expression of iNOS and COX-2 was detected by western blotting. The expression of NF-κB and MAPKs was detected by western blot analysis. We found that astragalin dose-dependently inhibited IL-1β-induced NO and PGE2 production, as well as iNOS and COX-2 expression. Meanwhile, western blot analysis showed that astragalin inhibited IL-1β-induced NF-κB and MAPK activation in human osteoarthritis chondrocyte. In addition, astragalin was found to activate PPAR-γ. The inhibition of astragalin on IL-1β-induced NO and PGE2 production can be reversed by PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662. Astragalin suppressed IL-1β-induced inflammatory mediators via activating PPAR-γ, which subsequently inhibited IL-1β-induced NF-κB and MAPK activation. Astragalin may be a potential agent in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Li H, Qiu P, Wang J, Niu C, Pan S. Effects of compound Ginkgo biloba on intestinal permeability in rats with alcohol-induced liver injury. Food Funct 2015; 6:470-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00739e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of compound Ginkgo biloba (CGB) to alleviate the liver injury induced by gut-derived endotoxin in alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzhou Li
- College of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Qiu
- College of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Juanhong Wang
- College of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Congcong Niu
- College of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Suhua Pan
- College of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
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Gómez R, Villalvilla A, Largo R, Gualillo O, Herrero-Beaumont G. TLR4 signalling in osteoarthritis—finding targets for candidate DMOADs. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2014; 11:159-70. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2014.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Almonte-Becerril M, Costell M, Kouri JB. Changes in the integrins expression are related with the osteoarthritis severity in an experimental animal model in rats. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:1161-6. [PMID: 24839051 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We identify changes in the expression and localization of α5, α4, and α2 integrins during osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis in a rat experimental model. The changes were concomitant with variations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) content and the increase of metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity during OA pathogenesis, which were analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blot assays. Our results showed an increased expression of α5 and α2 integrins at OA late stages, which was co-related with changes in the ECM content, as a consequence of the MMPs activity. In addition, this is the first report that has shown the presence of α4 integrin since OA early stages, which was co-related with the loss of proteoglycans and clusters formation. However, at late OA stages, the increased expression of α4 integrin in the middle and deep zones of the cartilage was also co-related with the abnormal endochondral ossification of the cartilage through its interaction with osteopontin. Finally, we conclude that ECM-chondrocytes interaction through specific cell receptors is essential to maintain the cartilage homeostasis. However, due to integrins cell signaling is ligand-dependent; changes in the ECM contents could induce activation of either anabolic or catabolic processes, which limits the reparative capacity of chondrocytes, favoring OA severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylin Almonte-Becerril
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México, DF, México
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Lee CY, Yang JJ, Lee SS, Chen CJ, Huang YC, Huang KH, Kuan YH. Protective effect of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract, EGb761, on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury via a JNK- and Akt-dependent NFκB pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6337-6344. [PMID: 24956234 DOI: 10.1021/jf501913b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinical syndrome mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria which is still in need of an effective therapeutic medicine. EGb761, an extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves, has several bioeffects including anti-inflammation, cardioprotection, neuroprotection, and free radical scavenging. Preadministration of EGb761 inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced histopathological changes and exchange of arterial blood gas. In addition, LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), were suppressed by EGb761. The activation of nuclear factor (NF)κB, a transcription factor of proinflammatory mediators, and phosphorylation of IκB, an inhibitor of NFκB, were also reduced by EGb761. Furthermore, we found the inhibitory concentration of EGb761 on phosphorylation of JNK and Akt was less than those of ERK and p38 MAPK. In conclusion, EGb761 is a potential protective agent for ALI, possibly via downregulating the JNK- and Akt-dependent NFκB activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ying Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University , No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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Protective effect of resveratrol against IL-1β-induced inflammatory response on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes partly via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway: an "in vitro study". Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6925-40. [PMID: 24758933 PMCID: PMC4013670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound that prevents inflammation in chondrocytes and animal models of osteoarthritis (OA) via yet to be defined mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the protective effect of resveratrol on IL-1β-induced human articular chondrocytes was associated with the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway by incubating human articular chondrocytes (harvested from osteoarthritis patients) with IL-1β before treatment with resveratrol. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and TNFα levels in culture supernatants were measured by ELISA(Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay). The levels of TLR4 and its downstream signaling targets (MyD88 and TRAF6) and IL-1β were assessed by measuring the levels of mRNA and protein expression by real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively, in addition to assessing NF-κB activation. In addition, TLR4 siRNA was used to block TLR4 expression in chondrocytes further demonstrating that resveratrol prevented IL-1β-mediated inflammation by TLR4 inhibition. We found that resveratrol prevented IL-1β-induced reduction in cell viability. Stimulation of chondrocytes with IL-1β caused a significant up-regulation of TLR4 and its downstream targets MyD88 and TRAF6 resulting in NF-κB activation associated with the synthesis of IL-1β and TNFα. These IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses were all effectively reversed by resveratrol. Furthermore, activation of NF-κB in chondrocytes treated with TLR4 siRNA was significantly attenuated, but not abolished, and exposure to resveratrol further reduced NF-κB translocation. These data suggested that resveratrol prevented IL-1β-induced inflammation in human articular chondrocytes at least in part by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway suggesting that resveratrol has the potential to be used as a nutritional supplement to counteract OA symptoms.
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Peck Y, Ng LY, Goh JYL, Gao C, Wang DA. A three-dimensionally engineered biomimetic cartilaginous tissue model for osteoarthritic drug evaluation. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1997-2008. [PMID: 24579704 DOI: 10.1021/mp500026x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is primarily characterized by focal cartilage destruction and synovitis. Presently, the pathogenesis of OA remains unclear, and an effective treatment methodology is an unmet need. To this end, a plethora of animal models and monolayer models have been developed, but they are faced with the limitation of high cost and inability to recapitulate a pure hyaline cartilaginous phenotype, which is important in studying the efficacy of therapeutic agents. We have previously developed a living hyaline cartilage graft (LhCG) that accurately presented a pure hyaline cartilage phenotype. Here, through the coculture of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages with LhCG, we hypothesized that an accurate OA disease model may be developed. Subsequently, this model was evaluated for its accuracy for in vitro drug testing. Results indicated that chondrocyte proliferation and apoptosis were increased in the disease model. Additionally, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis increased as indicated by the increased anabolic gene expression levels, such as collagen type II and aggrecan. Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-3 genes suggested increased degradative activity, while chondrocytic hypertrophic differentiation was observed. Furthermore, extensive degradation of collagen type II and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were also observed. The results of celecoxib treatment on our model showed inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, as well as down-regulation of MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression. Taken together, the results suggested that this coculture model was able to sufficiently mimic the native, diseased OA cartilage, while drug testing results confirmed its suitability as an in vitro model for predicting native cartilage response to drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Peck
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637457
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