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Chandrasekaran P, Alanazi A, Kwok B, Li Q, Viraraghavan G, Balasubramanian S, Frank DB, Lu XL, Birk DE, Mauck RL, Dyment NA, Koyama E, Han L. Type V Collagen Exhibits Distinct Regulatory Activities in TMJ Articular Disc versus Condylar Cartilage During Postnatal Growth and Remodeling. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00573-7. [PMID: 39362448 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding matrix molecular activities that regulate the postnatal growth and remodeling of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condylar cartilage and articular disc will enable the development of effective regenerative strategies targeting TMJ disorder. This study elucidated the distinct roles of type V collagen (collagen V) in regulating these two units. Studying the TMJ of young adult Col5a1+/- mice, we found loss of collagen V resulted in substantial changes in the proliferation, clustering, and density of progenitors in condylar cartilage, but did not have a major impact on disc cells that are more fibroblast-like. Although loss of collagen V led to thickened collagen fibrils with increased heterogeneity in the disc, there were no significant changes in local micromodulus except for a reduction at the posterior end of the inferior side. Following the induction of aberrant occlusal loading by the unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) procedure, both wild-type (WT) and Col5a1+/- condylar cartilage exhibited salient remodeling, and Col5a1+/- condyle developed more pronounced degeneration and hypertrophy at the posterior end than the WT. In contrast, neither UAC nor collagen V deficiency induced marked changes in the morphology or mechanical properties of the disc. Together, our findings highlight the distinct roles of collagen V in regulating these two units during postnatal growth and remodeling, emphasizing its more crucial role in condylar cartilage due to its impact on the highly mechanosensitive progenitors. Results thus provide the foundation for using collagen V to improve the regeneration of TMJ and the care of patients with TMJ disorder. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Successful regeneration of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condylar cartilage and articular disc remains a significant challenge due to the limited understanding of matrix molecular activities that regulate the formation and remodeling of these tissues. This study demonstrates that collagen V plays distinct and critical roles in these processes. In condylar cartilage, collagen V is essential for regulating progenitor cell fate and maintaining matrix integrity. In the disc, collagen V also regulates fibril structure and local micromechanics, but has a limited impact on cell phenotype or its remodeling response. Our findings establish collagen V as a key component in maintaining the integrity of these two units, with a more crucial role in condylar cartilage due to its impact on progenitor cell activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Chandrasekaran
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Abdulaziz Alanazi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Bryan Kwok
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Qing Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Girish Viraraghavan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Sriram Balasubramanian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - David B Frank
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - X Lucas Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - David E Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani School of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Nathaniel A Dyment
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Eiki Koyama
- Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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2
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Chatterjee M, Evans MK, Bell R, Nguyen PK, Kamalitdinov TB, Korntner S, Kuo CK, Dyment NA, Andarawis-Puri N. Histological and immunohistochemical guide to tendon tissue. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2114-2132. [PMID: 37321983 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tendons are unique dense connective tissues with discrete zones having specific structure and function. They are juxtaposed with other tissues (e.g., bone, muscle, and fat) with different compositional, structural, and mechanical properties. Additionally, tendon properties change drastically with growth and development, disease, aging, and injury. Consequently, there are unique challenges to performing high quality histological assessment of this tissue. To address this need, histological assessment was one of the breakout session topics at the 2022 Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) Tendon Conference hosted at the University of Pennsylvania. The purpose of the breakout session was to discuss needs from members of the ORS Tendon Section related to histological procedures, data presentation, knowledge dissemination, and guidelines for future work. Therefore, this review provides a brief overview of the outcomes of this discussion and provides a set of guidelines, based on the perspectives from our laboratories, for histological assessment to assist researchers in their quest to utilize these techniques to enhance the outcomes and interpretations of their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monideepa Chatterjee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mary K Evans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecca Bell
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Phong K Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Timur B Kamalitdinov
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stefanie Korntner
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine K Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Dyment
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nelly Andarawis-Puri
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Mienaltowski MJ, Gonzales NL, Beall JM, Pechanec MY. Basic Structure, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Connective Tissues and Extracellular Matrix Collagens. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1348:5-43. [PMID: 34807414 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The physiology of connective tissues like tendons and ligaments is highly dependent upon the collagens and other such extracellular matrix molecules hierarchically organized within the tissues. By dry weight, connective tissues are mostly composed of fibrillar collagens. However, several other forms of collagens play essential roles in the regulation of fibrillar collagen organization and assembly, in the establishment of basement membrane networks that provide support for vasculature for connective tissues, and in the formation of extensive filamentous networks that allow for cell-extracellular matrix interactions as well as maintain connective tissue integrity. The structures and functions of these collagens are discussed in this chapter. Furthermore, collagen synthesis is a multi-step process that includes gene transcription, translation, post-translational modifications within the cell, triple helix formation, extracellular secretion, extracellular modifications, and then fibril assembly, fibril modifications, and fiber formation. Each step of collagen synthesis and fibril assembly is highly dependent upon the biochemical structure of the collagen molecules created and how they are modified in the cases of development and maturation. Likewise, when the biochemical structures of collagens or are compromised or these molecules are deficient in the tissues - in developmental diseases, degenerative conditions, or injuries - then the ultimate form and function of the connective tissues are impaired. In this chapter, we also review how biochemistry plays a role in each of the processes involved in collagen synthesis and assembly, and we describe differences seen by anatomical location and region within tendons. Moreover, we discuss how the structures of the molecules, fibrils, and fibers contribute to connective tissue physiology in health, and in pathology with injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole L Gonzales
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jessica M Beall
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Monica Y Pechanec
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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4
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Siadat SM, Zamboulis DE, Thorpe CT, Ruberti JW, Connizzo BK. Tendon Extracellular Matrix Assembly, Maintenance and Dysregulation Throughout Life. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1348:45-103. [PMID: 34807415 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In his Lissner Award medal lecture in 2000, Stephen Cowin asked the question: "How is a tissue built?" It is not a new question, but it remains as relevant today as it did when it was asked 20 years ago. In fact, research on the organization and development of tissue structure has been a primary focus of tendon and ligament research for over two centuries. The tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical to overall tissue function; it gives the tissue its unique mechanical properties, exhibiting complex non-linear responses, viscoelasticity and flow mechanisms, excellent energy storage and fatigue resistance. This matrix also creates a unique microenvironment for resident cells, allowing cells to maintain their phenotype and translate mechanical and chemical signals into biological responses. Importantly, this architecture is constantly remodeled by local cell populations in response to changing biochemical (systemic and local disease or injury) and mechanical (exercise, disuse, and overuse) stimuli. Here, we review the current understanding of matrix remodeling throughout life, focusing on formation and assembly during the postnatal period, maintenance and homeostasis during adulthood, and changes to homeostasis in natural aging. We also discuss advances in model systems and novel tools for studying collagen and non-collagenous matrix remodeling throughout life, and finally conclude by identifying key questions that have yet to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danae E Zamboulis
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chavaunne T Thorpe
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Ruberti
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brianne K Connizzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Sun M, Luo EY, Adams SM, Adams T, Ye Y, Shetye SS, Soslowsky LJ, Birk DE. Collagen XI regulates the acquisition of collagen fibril structure, organization and functional properties in tendon. Matrix Biol 2020; 94:77-94. [PMID: 32950601 PMCID: PMC7722227 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Collagen XI is a fibril-forming collagen that regulates collagen fibrillogenesis. Collagen XI is normally associated with collagen II-containing tissues such as cartilage, but it also is expressed broadly during development in collagen I-containing tissues, including tendons. The goals of this study are to define the roles of collagen XI in regulation of tendon fibrillar structure and the relationship to function. A conditional Col11a1-null mouse model was created to permit the spatial and temporal manipulation of Col11a1 expression. We hypothesize that collagen XI functions to regulate fibril assembly, organization and, therefore, tendon function. Previous work using cho mice with ablated Col11a1 alleles supported roles for collagen XI in tendon fibril assembly. Homozygous cho/cho mice have a perinatal lethal phenotype that limited the studies. To circumvent this, a conditional Col11a1flox/flox mouse model was created where exon 3 was flanked with loxP sites. Breeding with Scleraxis-Cre (Scx-Cre) mice yielded a tendon-specific Col11a1-null mouse line, Col11a1Δten/Δten. Col11a1flox/flox mice had no phenotype compared to wild type C57BL/6 mice and other control mice, e.g., Col11a1flox/flox and Scx-Cre. Col11a1flox/flox mice expressed Col11a1 mRNA at levels comparable to wild type and Scx-Cre mice. In contrast, in Col11a1Δten/Δten mice, Col11a1 mRNA expression decreased to baseline in flexor digitorum longus tendons (FDL). Collagen XI protein expression was absent in Col11a1Δten/Δten FDLs, and at ~50% in Col11a1+/Δten compared to controls. Phenotypically, Col11a1Δten/Δten mice had significantly decreased body weights (p < 0.001), grip strengths (p < 0.001), and with age developed gait impairment becoming hypomobile. In the absence of Col11a1, the tendon collagen fibrillar matrix was abnormal when analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Reducing Col11a1 and, therefore collagen XI content, resulted in abnormal fibril structure, loss of normal fibril diameter control with a significant shift to small diameters and disrupted parallel alignment of fibrils. These alterations in matrix structure were observed in developing (day 4), maturing (day 30) and mature (day 60) mice. Altering the time of knockdown using inducible I-Col11a1−/− mice indicated that the primary regulatory foci for collagen XI was in development. In mature Col11a1Δten/Δten FDLs a significant decrease in the biomechanical properties was observed. The decrease in maximum stress and modulus suggest that fundamental differences in the material properties in the absence of Col11a1 expression underlie the mechanical deficiencies. These data demonstrate an essential role for collagen XI in regulation of tendon fibril assembly and organization occurring primarily during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Sun
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612 USA
| | - Eric Y Luo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612 USA
| | - Sheila M Adams
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612 USA
| | - Thomas Adams
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612 USA
| | - Yaping Ye
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA
| | - Snehal S Shetye
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA
| | - Louis J Soslowsky
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA
| | - David E Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612 USA; McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA.
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6
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Connizzo BK, Piet JM, Shefelbine SJ, Grodzinsky AJ. Age-associated changes in the response of tendon explants to stress deprivation is sex-dependent. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:48-62. [PMID: 31411079 PMCID: PMC6884684 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1648444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of the Study: The incidence of tendon injuries increases dramatically with age, which presents a major clinical burden. While previous studies have sought to identify age-related changes in extracellular matrix structure and function, few have been able to explain fully why aged tissues are more prone to degeneration and injury. In addition, recent studies have also demonstrated that age-related processes in humans may be sex-dependent, which could be responsible for muddled conclusions in changes with age. In this study, we investigate short-term responses through an ex vivo explant culture model of stress deprivation that specifically questions how age and sex differentially affect the ability of tendons to respond to altered mechanical stimulus.Materials and Methods: We subjected murine flexor explants from young (4 months of age) and aged (22-24 months of age) male and female mice to stress-deprived culture conditions for up to 1 week and investigated changes in viability, cell metabolism and proliferation, matrix biosynthesis and composition, gene expression, and inflammatory responses throughout the culture period.Results and Conclusions: We found that aging did have a significant influence on the response to stress deprivation, demonstrating that aged explants have a less robust response overall with reduced metabolic activity, viability, proliferation, and biosynthesis. However, age-related changes appeared to be sex-dependent. Together, this work demonstrates that the aging process and the subsequent effect of age on the ability of tendons to respond to stress-deprivation are inherently different based on sex, where male explants favor increased activity, apoptosis, and matrix remodeling while female explants favor reduced activity and tissue preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne K. Connizzo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States,Correspondence: Brianne K. Connizzo, 70 Massachusetts Avenue, NE47-377, Cambridge, MA 02139, T: 617-253-2469,
| | - Judith M. Piet
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Sandra J. Shefelbine
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alan J. Grodzinsky
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States,Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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7
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Yang J, Sun Y, Liu X, Xu F, Liu W, Hayashi T, Imamura Y, Mizuno K, Hattori S, Tanaka K, Fujisaki H, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Silibinin's regulation of proliferation and collagen gene expressions of rat pancreatic β-cells cultured on types I and V collagen involves β-catenin nuclear translocation. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:463-476. [PMID: 30871385 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1593393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules have multiple functions; prevention of cytotoxicity, provision of mechanical support, cell adhesive substrates and structural integrity in addition to mediation of cellular signaling. In this study, we report that the proliferation of INS-1 cells cultured on collagen I-coated dishes is enhanced, but it is inhibited on collagen V-coated dishes. Inhibitory proliferation on collagen V-coated is not due to apoptosis induction. Silibinin decreases hepatic glucose production and protects pancreatic β-cells, as a potential medicine for type II diabetes. Silibinin up-regulates the proliferation of cells cultured on both collagen I- and V-coated dishes. Collagen-coating regulates gene expression of collagen in a collagen type-related manner. Silibinin increases mRNA expression of collagen I in the cells on collagen I- and V-coated dishes; however, silibinin decreases collagen V mRNA expression on collagen I- and V-coated dishes. Collagen I-coating significantly enhances nuclear translocation of β-catenin, while collagen V-coating reduces it. Differential effects of silibinin on collagen I mRNA and collagen V mRNA can be accounted for by the finding that silibinin enhances nuclear translocation of β-catenin on both collagen I- and V-coated dishes, since phenomenologically nuclear translocation of β-catenin enhances collagen I mRNA but represses collagen V mRNA. These results demonstrate that nuclear translocation of β-catenin up-regulates proliferation and collagen I gene expression, whereas it down-regulates collagen V gene expression of INS-1 cells. Differential gene expressions of collagen I and V by nuclear β-catenin could be important for understanding fibrosis where collagen I and V may have differential effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- a Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China.,b Department of Pharmacy , The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- a Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- a Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Fanxing Xu
- a Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- a Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- a Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China.,c Department of Chemistry and Life science, School of Advanced Engineering , Kogakuin University , Hachioji , Japan
| | - Yasutada Imamura
- c Department of Chemistry and Life science, School of Advanced Engineering , Kogakuin University , Hachioji , Japan
| | | | - Shunji Hattori
- d Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix , Toride , Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- d Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix , Toride , Japan
| | | | - Shin-Ichi Tashiro
- e Department of Medical Education and Primary Care , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Satoshi Onodera
- f Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- a Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China.,g Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
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8
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Connizzo BK, Grodzinsky AJ. Release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from muscle and bone causes tenocyte death in a novel rotator cuff in vitro explant culture model. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:423-436. [PMID: 29447021 PMCID: PMC6240787 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1439486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tendinopathy is a significant clinical problem thought to be associated with altered mechanical loading. Explant culture models allow researchers to alter mechanical loading in a controlled in vitro environment while maintaining tenocytes in their native matrix. However, current models do not accurately represent commonly injured tendons, ignoring contributions of associated musculature and bone, as well as regional collagen structure. This study details the characterization of amouse rotator cuff explant culture model, including bone, tendon, and muscle (BTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Following harvest, BTM explants were maintained in stress-deprived culture for one week and tendon was then assessed for changes in cell viability, metabolism, matrix structure and content. RESULTS Matrix turnover occurred throughout culture as manifested in both gene expression and biosynthesis, but this did not translate to net changes in total collagen or sulfated glycosaminoglycan content. Furthermore, tendon structure was not significantly altered throughout culture. However, we found significant cell death in BTM tendons after 3 days in culture, which we hypothesize is cytokine-induced. Using a targeted multiplex assay, we found high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines released to the culture medium from muscle and bone, levels that did cause cell deathin tendon-alone controls. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this model presents an innovative approach to understandingrotator cuff injury and tenocyte mechanobiology in a clinically-relevant tendon structure. Our model can be a powerful tool to investigate how mechanical and biological stimuli can alter normal tendon health and lead to tendon degeneration, and may provide a testbed for therapeutics for tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne K. Connizzo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Alan J. Grodzinsky
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States,Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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9
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Fang F, Lake SP. Experimental evaluation of multiscale tendon mechanics. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1353-1365. [PMID: 27878999 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tendon's primary function is a mechanical link between muscle and bone. The hierarchical structure of tendon and specific compositional constituents are believed to be critical for proper mechanical function. With increased appreciation for tendon importance and the development of various technological advances, this review paper summarizes recent experimental approaches that have been used to study multiscale tendon mechanics, includes an overview of studies that have evaluated the role of specific tissue constituents, and also proposes challenges/opportunities facing tendon study. Tendon has been demonstrated to have specific structural characteristics (e.g., multi-level hierarchy, crimp pattern, helix) and complex mechanical properties (e.g., non-linearity, anisotropy, viscoelasticity). Physical mechanisms including uncrimping, fiber sliding, and collagen reorganization have been shown to govern tendon mechanical responses under both static and dynamic loading. Several tendon constituents with relatively small quantities have been suggested to play a role in its mechanics, although some results are conflicting. Further research should be performed to understand the interplay and communication of tendon mechanical properties across levels of the hierarchical structure, and further show how each of these components contribute to tendon mechanics. The studies summarized and discussed in this review have helped elucidate important aspects of multiscale tendon mechanics, which is a prerequisite for analyzing stress/strain transfer between multiple scales and identifying key principles of mechanotransduction. This information could further facilitate interpreting the functional diversity of tendons from different species, different locations, and even different developmental stages, and then better understand and identify fundamental concepts related to tendon degeneration, disease, and healing. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1353-1365, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1185, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130
| | - Spencer P Lake
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1185, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1185, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1185, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130
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10
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Connizzo BK, Adams SM, Adams TH, Jawad AF, Birk DE, Soslowsky LJ. Multiscale regression modeling in mouse supraspinatus tendons reveals that dynamic processes act as mediators in structure-function relationships. J Biomech 2016; 49:1649-1657. [PMID: 27067362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in technology have allowed for the measurement of dynamic processes (re-alignment, crimp, deformation, sliding), but only a limited number of studies have investigated their relationship with mechanical properties. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the role of composition, structure, and the dynamic response to load in predicting tendon mechanical properties in a multi-level fashion mimicking native hierarchical collagen structure. Multiple linear regression models were investigated to determine the relationships between composition/structure, dynamic processes, and mechanical properties. Mediation was then used to determine if dynamic processes mediated structure-function relationships. Dynamic processes were strong predictors of mechanical properties. These predictions were location-dependent, with the insertion site utilizing all four dynamic responses and the midsubstance responding primarily with fibril deformation and sliding. In addition, dynamic processes were moderately predicted by composition and structure in a regionally-dependent manner. Finally, dynamic processes were partial mediators of the relationship between composition/structure and mechanical function, and results suggested that mediation is likely shared between multiple dynamic processes. In conclusion, the mechanical properties at the midsubstance of the tendon are controlled primarily by fibril structure and this region responds to load via fibril deformation and sliding. Conversely, the mechanical function at the insertion site is controlled by many other important parameters and the region responds to load via all four dynamic mechanisms. Overall, this study presents a strong foundation on which to design future experimental and modeling efforts in order to fully understand the complex structure-function relationships present in tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne K Connizzo
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, United States
| | - Sheila M Adams
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Thomas H Adams
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Abbas F Jawad
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - David E Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Louis J Soslowsky
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, United States.
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