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Shen J, Lan Y, Ji Z, Liu H. Sirtuins in intervertebral disc degeneration: current understanding. Mol Med 2024; 30:44. [PMID: 38553713 PMCID: PMC10981339 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the etiologic factors of degenerative spinal diseases, which can lead to a variety of pathological spinal conditions such as disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and scoliosis. IVDD is a leading cause of lower back pain, the prevalence of which increases with age. Recently, Sirtuins/SIRTs and their related activators have received attention for their activity in the treatment of IVDD. In this paper, a comprehensive systematic review of the literature on the role of SIRTs and their activators on IVDD in recent years is presented. The molecular pathways involved in the regulation of IVDD by SIRTs are summarized, and the effects of SIRTs on senescence, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in myeloid cells are discussed with a view to suggesting possible solutions for the current treatment of IVDD. PURPOSE This paper focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which SIRTs and their activators act on IVDD. METHODS A literature search was conducted in Pubmed and Web of Science databases over a 13-year period from 2011 to 2024 for the terms "SIRT", "Sirtuin", "IVDD", "IDD", "IVD", "NP", "Intervertebral disc degeneration", "Intervertebral disc" and "Nucleus pulposus". RESULTS According to the results, SIRTs and a large number of activators showed positive effects against IVDD.SIRTs modulate autophagy, myeloid apoptosis, oxidative stress and extracellular matrix degradation. In addition, they attenuate inflammatory factor-induced disc damage and maintain homeostasis during disc degeneration. Several clinical studies have reported the protective effects of some SIRTs activators (e.g., resveratrol, melatonin, honokiol, and 1,4-dihydropyridine) against IVDD. CONCLUSION The fact that SIRTs and their activators play a hundred different roles in IVDD helps to better understand their potential to develop further treatments for IVDD. NOVELTY This review summarizes current information on the mechanisms of action of SIRTs in IVDD and the challenges and limitations of translating their basic research into therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, 351100, Fujian, China
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, 351100, Fujian, China
| | - Yujian Lan
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ziyu Ji
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- The Third People's Hospital of Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Samanta A, Lufkin T, Kraus P. Intervertebral disc degeneration-Current therapeutic options and challenges. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1156749. [PMID: 37483952 PMCID: PMC10359191 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1156749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is a normal part of aging. Due to the spine's declining function and the development of pain, it may affect one's physical health, mental health, and socioeconomic status. Most of the intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) therapies today focus on the symptoms of low back pain rather than the underlying etiology or mechanical function of the disc. The deteriorated disc is typically not restored by conservative or surgical therapies that largely focus on correcting symptoms and structural abnormalities. To enhance the clinical outcome and the quality of life of a patient, several therapeutic modalities have been created. In this review, we discuss genetic and environmental causes of IVDD and describe promising modern endogenous and exogenous therapeutic approaches including their applicability and relevance to the degeneration process.
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Snuggs JW, Emanuel KS, Rustenburg C, Janani R, Partridge S, Sammon C, Smit TH, Le Maitre CL. Injectable biomaterial induces regeneration of the intervertebral disc in a caprine loaded disc culture model. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:4630-4643. [PMID: 37204288 PMCID: PMC10294806 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00150d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Back pain is the leading cause of disability with half of cases attributed to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, yet currently no therapies target this cause. We previously reported an ex vivo caprine loaded disc culture system (LDCS) that accurately represents the cellular phenotype and biomechanical environment of human IVD degeneration. Here, the efficacy of an injectable hydrogel system (LAPONITE® crosslinked pNIPAM-co-DMAc, (NPgel)) to halt or reverse the catabolic processes of IVD degeneration was investigated within the LDCS. Following enzymatic induction of degeneration using 1 mg mL-1 collagenase and 2 U mL-1 chondroitinase ABC within the LDCS for 7 days, IVDs were injected with NPgel alone or with encapsulated human bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPCs). Un-injected caprine discs served as degenerate controls. IVDs were cultured for a further 21 days within the LDCS. Tissues were then processed for histology and immunohistochemistry. No extrusion of NPgel was observed during culture. A significant decrease in histological grade of degeneration was seen in both IVDs injected with NPgel alone and NPgel seeded with BMPCs, compared to un-injected controls. Fissures within degenerate tissue were filled by NPgel and there was evidence of native cell migration into injected NPgel. The expression of healthy NP matrix markers (collagen type II and aggrecan) was increased, whereas the expression of catabolic proteins (MMP3, ADAMTS4, IL-1β and IL-8) was decreased in NPgel (±BMPCs) injected discs, compared to degenerate controls. This demonstrates that NPgel promotes new matrix production at the same time as halting the degenerative cascade within a physiologically relevant testing platform. This highlights the potential of NPgel as a future therapy for IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Snuggs
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kaj S Emanuel
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christine Rustenburg
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronak Janani
- Materials Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon Partridge
- Materials Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher Sammon
- Materials Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Theo H Smit
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Lertwimol T, Sonthithai P, Hankamolsiri W, Kaewkong P, Uppanan P. Development of chondrocyte-laden alginate hydrogels with modulated microstructure and properties for cartilage regeneration. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 39:e3322. [PMID: 36564904 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alginate hydrogel is an attractive biomaterial for cell microencapsulation. The microarchitecture of hydrogels can regulate cellular functions. This study aims to investigate the applicability of sodium citrate buffer (SCB) as a culture medium supplement for modulating the microstructure of alginate microbeads to provide a favorable microenvironment for chondrogenic induction. The chondrocyte-laden microbeads, with and without TGF-β3 incorporation, were produced through an encapsulator. The obtained small-sized microbeads (~300 μm) were exposed to a treatment medium containing SCB, composed of varied concentrations of sodium citrate (1.10-1.57 mM), sodium chloride (3.00-4.29 mM), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (0.60-0.86 mM) to partially degrade their crosslinked structure for 3 days, followed by culture in a normal medium until day 21. Scanning electron microscope micrographs demonstrated a loose hydrogel network with an enhanced pore size in the SCB-treated microbeads. Increasing the concentration of SCB in the treatment medium reduced the calcium content of the microbeads via a Na+ /Ca2+ exchange process and improved the water absorption of the microbeads, resulting in a higher swelling ratio. All the tested SCB concentrations were non-cytotoxic. Increases in aggrecan and type II collagen gene expression and their corresponding extracellular matrix accumulation, glycosaminoglycans, and type II collagen were vividly detected in the TGF-β3-containing microbeads with increasing SCB concentrations in the treatment medium. Our findings highlighted that the combination of SCB treatment and TGF-β3 incorporation in the chondrocyte-laden microbeads is a promising strategy for enhancing cartilage regeneration, which may contribute to a versatile application in cell delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareerat Lertwimol
- Biofunctional Materials and Devices Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pacharapan Sonthithai
- Biofunctional Materials and Devices Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Weerawan Hankamolsiri
- Biofunctional Materials and Devices Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pakkanun Kaewkong
- Biofunctional Materials and Devices Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Paweena Uppanan
- Biofunctional Materials and Devices Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Schol J, Sakai D, Warita T, Nukaga T, Sako K, Wangler S, Tamagawa S, Zeiter S, Alini M, Grad S. Homing of vertebral‐delivered mesenchymal stromal cells for degenerative intervertebral discs repair – an in vivo proof‐of‐concept study. JOR Spine 2022; 6:e1228. [PMID: 36994461 PMCID: PMC10041374 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cell transplantation shows promising results for intervertebral disc (IVD) repair, however, contemporary strategies present concerns regarding needle puncture damage, cell retention, and straining the limited nutrient availability. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) homing is a natural mechanism of long-distance cellular migration to sites of damage and regeneration. Previous ex vivo studies have confirmed the potential of MSC to migrate over the endplate and enhance IVD-matrix production. In this study, we aimed to exploit this mechanism to engender IVD repair in a rat disc degeneration model. Methods Female Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to coccygeal disc degeneration through nucleus pulposus (NP) aspiration. In part 1; MSC or saline was transplanted into the vertebrae neighboring healthy or degenerative IVD subjected to irradiation or left untouched, and the ability to maintain the IVD integrity for 2 and 4 weeks was assessed by disc height index (DHI) and histology. For part 2, ubiquitously GFP expressing MSC were transplanted either intradiscally or vertebrally, and regenerative outcomes were compared at days 1, 5, and 14 post-transplantation. Moreover, the homing potential from vertebrae to IVD of the GFP+ MSC was assessed through cryosection mediated immunohistochemistry. Results Part 1 of the study revealed significantly improved maintenance of DHI for IVD vertebrally receiving MSC. Moreover, histological observations revealed a trend of IVD integrity maintenance. Part 2 of the study highlighted the enhanced DHI and matrix integrity for discs receiving MSC vertebrally compared with intradiscal injection. Moreover, GFP rates highlighted MSC migration and integration in the IVD at similar rates as the intradiscally treated cohort. Conclusion Vertebrally transplanted MSC had a beneficial effect on the degenerative cascade in their neighboring IVD, and thus potentially present an alternative administration strategy. Further investigation will be needed to determine the long-term effects, elucidate the role of cellular homing versus paracrine signaling, and validate our observations on a large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Schol
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tokai University School of Medicine Isehara Japan
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Tokai University School of Medicine Isehara Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tokai University School of Medicine Isehara Japan
| | - Takayuki Warita
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Tokai University School of Medicine Isehara Japan
- TUNZ Pharma Co. Ltd. Osaka Japan
| | - Tadashi Nukaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tokai University School of Medicine Isehara Japan
| | - Kosuke Sako
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tokai University School of Medicine Isehara Japan
| | - Sebastian Wangler
- AO Research Institute Davos Davos Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Shota Tamagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tokai University School of Medicine Isehara Japan
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos Davos Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos Davos Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Biomechanics Zürich Switzerland
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Ling Z, Liu Y, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Chen B, Yang J, Zeng B, Gao Y, Jiang C, Huang Y, Zou X, Wang X, Wei F. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Macrophage Involved in the Progression of Human Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:833420. [PMID: 35295968 PMCID: PMC8918513 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.833420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) has been considered as the primary pathological mechanism that underlies low back pain. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying human IDD is imperative for making strategies to treat IDD-related diseases. Herein, we report the molecular programs, lineage progression patterns, and paths of cellular communications during the progression of IDD using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on nucleus pulposus (NP) cells from patients with different grades of IDD undergoing discectomy. New subtypes of cells and cell-type-specific gene signatures of the metabolic homeostatic NP cells (Met NPC), adhesive NP cells (Adh NPC), inflammatory response NP cells (IR NPC), endoplasmic reticulum stress NP cells (ERS NPC), fibrocartilaginous NP cells (Fc NPC), and CD70 and CD82+ progenitor NP cells (Pro NPC) were identified. In the late stage of IDD, the IR NPC and Fc NPC account for a large proportion of NPC. Importantly, immune cells including macrophages, T cells, myeloid progenitors, and neutrophils were also identified, and further analysis showed that significant intercellular interaction between macrophages and Pro NPC occurred via MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) and NF-kB signaling pathways during the progression of IDD. In addition, dynamic polarization of macrophage M1 and M2 cell subtypes was found in the progression of IDD, and gene set functional enrichment analysis suggested a significant role of the macrophage polarization in regulating cell metabolism, especially the Pro NPC. Finally, we found that the NP cells in the late degenerative stage were mainly composed of the cell types related to inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) response, and fibrocartilaginous activity. Our results provided new insights into the identification of NP cell populations at single-cell resolution and at the relatively whole-transcriptome scale, accompanied by cellular communications between immune cells and NP cells, and discriminative markers in relation to specific cell subsets. These new findings present clues for effective and functional manipulation of human IDD-related bioremediation and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziji Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baozhu Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Fuxin Wei, ; Xiuhui Wang,
| | - Fuxin Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Fuxin Wei, ; Xiuhui Wang,
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Spheroid-Based Tissue Engineering Strategies for Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disc. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052530. [PMID: 35269672 PMCID: PMC8910276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative disc disease, a painful pathology of the intervertebral disc (IVD), often causes disability and reduces quality of life. Although regenerative cell-based strategies have shown promise in clinical trials, none have been widely adopted clinically. Recent developments demonstrated that spheroid-based approaches might help overcome challenges associated with cell-based IVD therapies. Spheroids are three-dimensional multicellular aggregates with architecture that enables the cells to differentiate and synthesize endogenous ECM, promotes cell-ECM interactions, enhances adhesion, and protects cells from harsh conditions. Spheroids could be applied in the IVD both in scaffold-free and scaffold-based configurations, possibly providing advantages over cell suspensions. This review highlights areas of future research in spheroid-based regeneration of nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF). We also discuss cell sources and methods for spheroid fabrication and characterization, mechanisms related to spheroid fusion, as well as enhancement of spheroid performance in the context of the IVD microenvironment.
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Mainardi A, Cambria E, Occhetta P, Martin I, Barbero A, Schären S, Mehrkens A, Krupkova O. Intervertebral Disc-on-a-Chip as Advanced In Vitro Model for Mechanobiology Research and Drug Testing: A Review and Perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:826867. [PMID: 35155416 PMCID: PMC8832503 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.826867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Discogenic back pain is one of the most diffused musculoskeletal pathologies and a hurdle to a good quality of life for millions of people. Existing therapeutic options are exclusively directed at reducing symptoms, not at targeting the underlying, still poorly understood, degenerative processes. Common intervertebral disc (IVD) disease models still do not fully replicate the course of degenerative IVD disease. Advanced disease models that incorporate mechanical loading are needed to investigate pathological causes and processes, as well as to identify therapeutic targets. Organs-on-chip (OoC) are microfluidic-based devices that aim at recapitulating tissue functions in vitro by introducing key features of the tissue microenvironment (e.g., 3D architecture, soluble signals and mechanical conditioning). In this review we analyze and depict existing OoC platforms used to investigate pathological alterations of IVD cells/tissues and discuss their benefits and limitations. Starting from the consideration that mechanobiology plays a pivotal role in both IVD homeostasis and degeneration, we then focus on OoC settings enabling to recapitulate physiological or aberrant mechanical loading, in conjunction with other relevant features (such as inflammation). Finally, we propose our view on design criteria for IVD-on-a-chip systems, offering a future perspective to model IVD mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mainardi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Elena Cambria
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Paola Occhetta
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schären
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arne Mehrkens
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olga Krupkova
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Lepage Research Institute, University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia
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Wang Q, Wang J, Gu X, Feng D, Li D, Jiang T. MicroRNA-124-3p inhibits the differentiation of precartilaginous stem cells into nucleus pulposus-like cells via targeting FSTL1. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:725. [PMID: 34007334 PMCID: PMC8120511 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA/miR)-124-3p has been extensively studied in tumor biology and stem cells. However, little is known regarding its functional roles in the differentiation of precartilaginous stem cells (PSCs) into nucleus pulposus-like cells (NPLCs). In the present study, using miRNA microarray screening, it was demonstrated that the miRNA expression profiles differed between rat primary PSCs and TGF-β1-induced differentiated NPLCs, and that miR-124-3p was significantly differentially expressed during the differentiation of PSCs to NPLCs. Furthermore, RT-qPCR analysis verified that miR-124-3p expression was decreased during PSC differentiation, with the lowest levels being detected at the later stages. Subsequent experiments revealed that miR-124-3p overexpression significantly decreased the expression of the extracellular matrix proteins, aggrecan and collagen type II, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in follistatin-related protein 1 (FSTL1) expression levels. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis indicated that FSTL1 was a potential target of miR-124-3p, which was additionally verified using luciferase reporter assays. Taken together, these data revealed a specific regulatory pathway of miR-124-3p, which negatively regulated its target gene, FSTL1, during the differentiation of PSCs to NPLCs, and suggested a functional role for miR-124-3p in the differentiation of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Junfang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Dehong Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
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Friedmann A, Baertel A, Schmitt C, Ludtka C, Milosevic J, Meisel HJ, Goehre F, Schwan S. Intervertebral Disc Regeneration Injection of a Cell-Loaded Collagen Hydrogel in a Sheep Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4248. [PMID: 33921913 PMCID: PMC8072963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs) were treated with autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) loaded into an injectable collagen scaffold in a sheep model to investigate the implant's therapeutic potential regarding the progression of degeneration of previously damaged discs. In this study, 18 merino sheep were subjected to a 3-step minimally invasive injury and treatment model, which consisted of surgically induced disc degeneration, treatment of IVDs with an ASC-loaded collagen hydrogel 6 weeks post-operatively, and assessment of the implant's influence on degenerative tissue changes after 6 and 12 months of grazing. Autologous ASCs were extracted from subcutaneous adipose tissue and cultivated in vitro. At the end of the experiment, disc heights were determined by µ-CT measurements and morphological tissue changes were histologically examined.Histological investigations show that, after treatment with the ASC-loaded collagen hydrogel implant, degeneration-specific features were observed less frequently. Quantitative studies of the degree of degeneration did not demonstrate a significant influence on potential tissue regeneration with treatment. Regarding disc height analysis, at both 6 and 12 months after treatment with the ASC-loaded collagen hydrogel implant a stabilization of the disc height can be seen. A complete restoration of the intervertebral disc heights however could not be achieved.The reported injection procedure describes in a preclinical model a translational therapeutic approach for degenerative disc diseases based on adipose-derived stem cells in a collagen hydrogel scaffold. Further investigations are planned with the use of a different injectable scaffold material using the same test model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Friedmann
- Department of Biological and Macromolecular Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Andre Baertel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Christine Schmitt
- Department of Biological and Macromolecular Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.F.); (C.S.)
- Department for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Martin Luther University, Halle Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Christopher Ludtka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | | | - Hans-Joerg Meisel
- Department of Neurosurgery, BG Klinikum Bergmannstrost, 06110 Halle, Germany; (H.-J.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Felix Goehre
- Department of Neurosurgery, BG Klinikum Bergmannstrost, 06110 Halle, Germany; (H.-J.M.); (F.G.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Schwan
- Department of Biological and Macromolecular Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.F.); (C.S.)
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11
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Binch ALA, Fitzgerald JC, Growney EA, Barry F. Cell-based strategies for IVD repair: clinical progress and translational obstacles. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:158-175. [PMID: 33526926 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-00568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major cause of low back pain, a prevalent and chronic condition that has a striking effect on quality of life. Currently, no approved pharmacological interventions or therapies are available that prevent the progressive destruction of the IVD; however, regenerative strategies are emerging that aim to modify the disease. Progress has been made in defining promising new treatments for disc disease, but considerable challenges remain along the entire translational spectrum, from understanding disease mechanism to useful interpretation of clinical trials, which make it difficult to achieve a unified understanding. These challenges include: an incomplete appreciation of the mechanisms of disc degeneration; a lack of standardized approaches in preclinical testing; in the context of cell therapy, a distinct lack of cohesion regarding the cell types being tested, the tissue source, expansion conditions and dose; the absence of guidelines regarding disease classification and patient stratification for clinical trial inclusion; and an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underpinning therapeutic responses to cell delivery. This Review discusses current approaches to disc regeneration, with a particular focus on cell-based therapeutic strategies, including ongoing challenges, and attempts to provide a framework to interpret current data and guide future investigational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie L A Binch
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Joan C Fitzgerald
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Emily A Growney
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Binch ALA, Ratcliffe LPD, Milani AH, Saunders BR, Armes SP, Hoyland JA. Site-Directed Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Nucleus Pulposus Cells Using an Injectable Hydroxyl-Functional Diblock Copolymer Worm Gel. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:837-845. [PMID: 33470795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have been identified for their promising therapeutic potential to regenerate and repopulate the degenerate intervertebral disk (IVD), which is a major cause of lower back pain. The optimal cell delivery system remains elusive but encapsulation of cells within scaffolds is likely to offer a decisive advantage over the delivery of cells in solution by ensuring successful retention within the tissue. Herein, we evaluate the use of a fully synthetic, thermoresponsive poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PGMA-PHPMA) diblock copolymer worm gel that mimics the structure of hydrophilic glycosaminoglycans. The objective was to use this gel to direct differentiation of human ASCs toward a nucleus pulposus (NP) phenotype, with or without the addition of discogenic growth factors TGFβ or GDF6. Accordingly, human ASCs were incorporated into a cold, free-flowing aqueous dispersion of the diblock copolymer, gelation induced by warming to 37 °C and cell culture was conducted for 14 days with or without such growth factors to assess the expression of characteristic NP markers compared to those produced when using collagen gels. In principle, the shear-thinning nature of the biocompatible worm gel enables encapsulated human ASCs to be injected into the IVD using a 21G needle. Moreover, we find significantly higher gene expression levels of ACAN, SOX-9, KRT8, and KR18 for ASCs encapsulated within worm gels compared to collagen scaffolds, regardless of the growth factors employed. In summary, such wholly synthetic worm gels offer considerable potential as an injectable cell delivery scaffold for the treatment of degenerate disk disease by promoting the transition of ASCs toward an NP-phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie L A Binch
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Liam P D Ratcliffe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, South Yorkshire, U.K
| | - Amir H Milani
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Brian R Saunders
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, South Yorkshire, U.K
| | - Judith A Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, U.K
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13
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Jiang CC, Hsieh CH, Liao CJ, Chang WH, Liao WJ, Tsai-Wu JJ, Chiang H. Collagenase treatment of cartilaginous matrix promotes fusion of adjacent cartilage. Regen Ther 2020; 15:97-102. [PMID: 33426207 PMCID: PMC7770344 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In articular cartilage-repair, grafts usually fuse unsatisfactorily with surrounding host cartilage. Enzymatic dissociation of cartilaginous matrix to free chondrocytes may benefit fusion. We tested such a hypothesis with human cartilage in vitro, and with porcine cartilage in vivo. Human articular cartilage was collected from knee surgeries, cut into disc-and-ring sets, and randomly distributed into three groups: disc-and-ring sets in Group 1 were left untreated; in Group 2 only discs, and in Group 3 both discs and rings were treated with enzyme. Each disc-and-ring reassembly was cultured in a perfusion system for 14 days; expression of cartilage marker proteins and genes was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Porcine articular cartilage from knees was similarly fashioned into disc-and-ring combinations. Specimens were randomly distributed into a control group without further treatment, and an experimental group with both disc and ring treated with enzyme. Each disc-and-ring reassembly was transplanted into subcutaneous space of a nude mouse for 30 days, and retrieved to examine disc-ring interface. In in vitro study with human cartilage, a visible gap remained at disc-ring interfaces in Group 1, yet became indiscernible in Group 2 and 3. Marker genes, including type II collagen, aggrecan and Sox 9, were well expressed by chondrocytes in all specimens, indicating that chondrocytes’ phenotype retained regardless of enzymatic treatment. Similar results were found inin vivo study with porcine cartilage. Enzymatic dissociation of cartilaginous matrix promotes fusion of adjacent cartilage. The clinical relevance may be a novel method to facilitate integration of repaired cartilage in joints. Cartilage repair-patches fuse poorly to surrounding host cartilage. Collagenase treatment of adjacent cartilaginous tissues facilitates their fusion. Collagenase treatment of cartilage promotes chondrocyte proliferation and presentation. Collagenase treatment does not affect phenotypes of chondrocytes.
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Key Words
- Cartilage fusion
- Cartilage repair
- Cartilaginous matrix
- DMMB, 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- Enzymatic treatment
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- Sox 9, SRY-box transcription factor 9
- cDNA, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Wei-Ju Liao
- Taiwan Biomaterial Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyy-Jih Tsai-Wu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hongsen Chiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chungsan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
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14
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Review article. OBJECTIVE A review of the literature on current strategies utilized in intervertebral regeneration and repair efforts. METHODS A review of the literature and analysis of the data to provide an updated review on current concepts of intervertebral disc repair and regeneration efforts. RESULTS Multiple regenerative strategies for intervertebral disc regeneration are being employed to reduce pain and improve quality of life. Current promising strategies include molecular therapy, gene therapy, cell-based therapy, and augmentation with biomaterials. Multiple clinical trials studying biologic, cell-based, and scaffold-based injectable therapies are currently being investigated. CONCLUSION Low back pain due to intervertebral disc disease represents a significant health and societal burden. Current promising strategies include molecular therapy, gene therapy, cell-based therapy, and augmentation with biomaterials. To date, there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved intradiscal therapies for discogenic back pain, and there are no large randomized trials that have shown clinically significant improvement with any investigational regenerative treatment. Multiple clinical trials studying biologic, cell-based, or scaffold-based injectable therapies are being currently investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek G. Ju
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Hyun W. Bae
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Barakat AH, Elwell VA, Lam KS. Stem cell therapy in discogenic back pain. JOURNAL OF SPINE SURGERY (HONG KONG) 2019; 5:561-583. [PMID: 32043007 PMCID: PMC6989932 DOI: 10.21037/jss.2019.09.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low back pain has both substantial social and economic impacts on patients and healthcare budgets. Adding to the magnitude of the problem is the difficulty in identifying the exact causes of disc degeneration with modern day diagnostic and imaging techniques. With that said, current non-operative and surgical treatment modalities for discogenic low back pain fails to meet the expectations in many patients and hence the challenge. The objective for newly emerging stem cell regenerative therapy is to treat degenerative disc disease (DDD) by restoring the disc's cellularity and modulating the inflammatory response. Appropriate patient selection is crucial for the success of stem cell therapy. Regenerative modalities for discogenic pain currently focus on the use of either primary cells harvested from the intervertebral discs or stem cells from other sources whether autogenic or allogenic. The microenvironment in which stem cells are being cultured has been recognized to play a crucial role in directing or maintaining the production of the desired phenotypes and may enhance their regenerative potential. This has led to a more specific focus on innovating more effective culturing techniques, delivery vehicles and scaffolds for stem cell application. Although stem cell therapy might offer an attractive alternative treatment option, more clinical studies are still needed to establish on the safety and feasibility of such therapy. In this literature review, we aim to present the most recent in vivo and in vitro studies related to the use of stem cell therapy in the treatment of discogenic low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Barakat
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Vivian A. Elwell
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
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16
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Young SA, Riahinezhad H, Amsden BG. In situ-forming, mechanically resilient hydrogels for cell delivery. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:5742-5761. [PMID: 31531443 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Injectable, in situ-forming hydrogels can improve cell delivery in tissue engineering applications by facilitating minimally invasive delivery to irregular defect sites and improving cell retention and survival. Tissues targeted for cell delivery often undergo diverse mechanical loading including high stress, high strain, and repetitive loading conditions. This review focuses on the development of hydrogel systems that meet the requirements of mechanical resiliency, cytocompatibility, and injectability for such applications. First, we describe the most important design considerations for maintaining the viability and function of encapsulated cells, for reproducing the target tissue morphology, and for achieving degradation profiles that facilitate tissue replacement. Models describing the relationships between hydrogel structure and mechanical properties are described, focusing on design principles necessary for producing mechanically resilient hydrogels. The advantages and limitations of current strategies for preparing cytocompatible, injectable, and mechanically resilient hydrogels are reviewed, including double networks, nanocomposites, and high molecular weight amphiphilic copolymer networks. Finally, challenges and opportunities are outlined to guide future research in this developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Hossein Riahinezhad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Brian G Amsden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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17
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Frauchiger DA, Tekari A, May RD, Džafo E, Chan SCW, Stoyanov J, Bertolo A, Zhang X, Guerrero J, Sakai D, Schol J, Grad S, Tryfonidou M, Benneker LM, Gantenbein B. Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting Is More Potent to Fish Intervertebral Disk Progenitor Cells Than Magnetic and Beads-Based Methods. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:571-580. [PMID: 31154900 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain related to intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration has a major socioeconomic impact on our aging society. Therefore, stem cell therapy to activate self-repair of the IVD remains an exciting treatment strategy. In this respect, tissue-specific progenitors may play a crucial role in IVD regeneration, as these cells are perfectly adapted to this niche. Such a rare progenitor cell population residing in the nucleus pulposus (NP) (NP progenitor cells [NPPCs]) was found positive for the angiopoietin-1 receptor (Tie2+), and was demonstrated to possess self-renewal capacity and in vitro multipotency. Here, we compared three sorting protocols; that is, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), and a mesh-based label-free cell sorting system (pluriSelect), with respect to cell yield, potential to form colonies (colony-forming units), and in vitro functional differentiation assays for tripotency. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficiency of three widespread cell sorting methods for picking rare cells (<5%) and how these isolated cells then behave in downstream functional differentiation in adipogenesis, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis. The cell yields among the isolation methods differed widely, with FACS presenting the highest yield (5.0% ± 4.0%), followed by MACS (1.6% ± 2.9%) and pluriSelect (1.1% ± 1.0%). The number of colonies formed was not significantly different between Tie2+ and Tie2- NPPCs. Only FACS was able to separate into two functionally different populations that showed trilineage multipotency, while MACS and pluriSelect failed to maintain a clear separation between Tie2+ and Tie2- populations in differentiation assays. To conclude, the isolation of NPPCs was possible with all three sorting methods, while FACS was the preferred technique for separation of functional Tie2+ cells. Impact Statement Tissue-specific progenitor cells such as nucleus pulposus progenitor cells of the IVD could become an ultimate cell source for tissue engineering strategies as these cells are presumably best adapted to the tissue's microenvironment. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting seemed to outcompete magnetic-activated cell sorting and pluriSelect concerning selecting a rare cell population from IVD tissue as could be demonstrated by improved cell yield and functional differentiation assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Frauchiger
- Tissue Engineering, Orthopeadic Research & Mechanobiology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adel Tekari
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rahel D May
- Tissue Engineering, Orthopeadic Research & Mechanobiology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emina Džafo
- Tissue Engineering, Orthopeadic Research & Mechanobiology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samantha C W Chan
- Tissue Engineering, Orthopeadic Research & Mechanobiology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Xingshuo Zhang
- Tissue Engineering, Orthopeadic Research & Mechanobiology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien Guerrero
- Tissue Engineering, Orthopeadic Research & Mechanobiology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department for Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Jordy Schol
- Department for Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | | | - Marianna Tryfonidou
- Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorin M Benneker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Gantenbein
- Tissue Engineering, Orthopeadic Research & Mechanobiology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Intervertebral Disc Nucleus Repair: Hype or Hope? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153622. [PMID: 31344903 PMCID: PMC6696292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic back pain is a common disability, which is often accredited to intervertebral disc degeneration. Gold standard interventions such as spinal fusion, which are mainly designed to mechanically seal the defect, frequently fail to restore the native biomechanics. Moreover, artificial implants have limited success as a repair strategy, as they do not alter the underlying disease and fail to promote tissue integration and subsequent native biomechanics. The reported high rates of spinal fusion and artificial disc implant failure have pushed intervertebral disc degeneration research in recent years towards repair strategies. Intervertebral disc repair utilizing principles of tissue engineering should theoretically be successful, overcoming the inadequacies of artificial implants. For instance, advances in the development of scaffolds aided with cells and growth factors have opened up new possibilities for repair strategies. However, none has reached the stage of clinical trials in humans. In this review, we describe the hitches encountered in the musculoskeletal field and summarize recent advances in designing tissue-engineered constructs for promoting nucleus pulposus repair. Additionally, the review focuses on the effect of biomaterial aided with cells and growth factors on achieving effective functional reparative potency, highlighting the ways to enhance the efficacy of these treatments.
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19
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Vickers L, Thorpe AA, Snuggs J, Sammon C, Le Maitre CL. Mesenchymal stem cell therapies for intervertebral disc degeneration: Consideration of the degenerate niche. JOR Spine 2019; 2:e1055. [PMID: 31463465 PMCID: PMC6686825 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported a synthetic Laponite crosslinked poly N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N, N'-dimethylacrylamide (NPgel) hydrogel, which induces nucleus pulposus (NP) cell differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) without the need for additional growth factors. Furthermore NP gel supports integration following injection into the disc and restores mechanical function to the disc. However, translation of this treatment strategy into clinical application is dependent on the survival and differentiation of hMSC to the correct cell phenotype within the degenerate intervertebral disc (IVD). Here, we investigated the viability and differentiation of hMSCs within NP gel within a catabolic microenvironment. hMSCs were encapsulated in NPgel and cultured for 4 weeks under hypoxia (5% O2) with ± calcium, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) either individually or in combination to mimic the degenerate environment. Cell viability and cellular phenotype were investigated. Stem cell viability was maintained within hydrogel systems for the 4 weeks investigated under all degenerate conditions. NP matrix markers: Agg and Col II and NP phenotypic markers: HIF-1α, FOXF1, and PAX1 were expressed within the NPgel cultures and expression was not affected by culture within degenerate conditions. Alizarin red staining demonstrated increased calcium deposition under cultures containing CaCl2 indicating calcification of the matrix. Interestingly matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), ADAMTS 4, and Col I expression by hMSCs cultured in NPgel was upregulated by calcium but not by proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα. Importantly IL-1β and TNFα, regarded as key contributors to disc degeneration, were not shown to affect the NP cell differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the NPgel. In agreement with our previous findings, NPgel alone was sufficient to induce NP cell differentiation of MSCs, with expression of both aggrecan and collagen type II, under both standard and degenerate culture conditions; thus could provide a therapeutic option for the repair of the NP during IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Vickers
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Abbey A. Thorpe
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Joseph Snuggs
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Christopher Sammon
- Materials and Engineering Research InstituteSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
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20
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Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Containing Xenogenic Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells on Restoring Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Preclinical Study in a Rabbit Model. Pain Res Manag 2019; 2019:6372356. [PMID: 31149318 PMCID: PMC6501249 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6372356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) containing multiple growth factors is a promising strategy for disc degeneration. Thus, this study hypothesizes that the combination of PRP and adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) may repair degenerative disc more effectively than using each one of them alone. Methods The model of early intervertebral disc degeneration was induced by annular puncture in the New Zealand rabbit. Autologous PRP was extracted from fresh arterial blood by using two centrifugation techniques. ADSC was offered by the Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research. Four weeks after the first experiment, PRP or ADSCs or a combination of PRP and ADSCs was injected into the punctured intervertebral disc. Four weeks later, disc height and signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were assessed. Results One month after puncture, we detected relatively narrow discs and lower signal intensity in MRI T2-weighted images. At four weeks after injection, the PRP-ADSC group statistically significantly restored discs, compared with PRP, ADSCs, or negative control group. Conclusions The combination of PRP and ADSCs shows an effective potential to restore degenerated intervertebral discs in the rabbit.
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21
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Dolor A, Sampson SL, Lazar AA, Lotz JC, Szoka FC, Fields AJ. Matrix modification for enhancing the transport properties of the human cartilage endplate to improve disc nutrition. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215218. [PMID: 30970007 PMCID: PMC6457523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor solute transport through the cartilage endplate (CEP) impairs disc nutrition and could be a key factor that limits the success of intradiscal biologic therapies. Here we demonstrate that treating the CEP with matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) reduces the matrix constituents that impede solute uptake and thereby improves nutrient diffusion. Human CEP tissues harvested from four fresh cadaveric lumbar spines (age range: 38-66 years old) were treated with MMP-8. Treatment caused a dose-dependent reduction in sGAG, localized reductions to the amount of collagen, and alterations to collagen structure. These matrix modifications corresponded with 16-24% increases in the uptake of a small solute (376 Da). Interestingly, the effects of MMP-8 treatment depended on the extent of non-enzymatic glycation: treated CEPs with high concentrations of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) exhibited the lowest uptake compared to treated CEPs with low concentrations of AGEs. Moreover, AGE concentrations were donor-specific, and the donor tissues with the highest AGE concentrations appeared to have lower uptake than would be expected based on the initial amounts of collagen and sGAG. Finally, increasing solute uptake in the CEP improved cell viability inside diffusion chambers, which supports the nutritional relevance of enhancing the transport properties of the CEP. Taken together, our results provide new insights and in vitro proof-of-concept for a treatment approach that could improve disc nutrition for biologic therapy: specifically, matrix reduction by MMP-8 can enhance solute uptake and nutrient diffusion through the CEP, and AGE concentration appears to be an important, patient-specific factor that influences the efficacy of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Dolor
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Sara L. Sampson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ann A. Lazar
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C. Lotz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Francis C. Szoka
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Aaron J. Fields
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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22
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Resveratrol inhibits IL-1β-mediated nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis through regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190043. [PMID: 30867252 PMCID: PMC6434388 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis is a classical cellular character during intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Previous studies have shown that inflammatory cytokine-induced NP cell apoptosis plays an important role in disc degeneration. The present study was aimed to investigate whether resveratrol can suppress IL-1β-mediated NP cell apoptosis and the potential signal transduction pathway. Experimental rat NP cells were treated with culture medium containing IL-1β (20 ng/ml) for 7 days. Control NP cells were cultured in the baseline medium. Resveratrol was added along with culture medium to investigate its effects. The inhibitor LY294002 was used to study the role of the PI3K/Akt pathway. NP cell apoptosis was reflected by the caspase-3 activity, cell apoptosis ratio, and expression of apoptosis-related molecules (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP). Compared with the control NP cells, IL-1β significantly increased caspase-3 activity, NP cell apoptosis ratio and mRNA/protein expression of Bax, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, but decreased mRNA expression of Bcl-2. However, resveratrol partly suppressed the effects of IL-1β on those cell apoptosis-related parameters. Further analysis showed that IL-1β significantly decreased activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway whereas resveratrol partly increased activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway in NP cells treated with IL-1β. Additionally, when the inhibitor LY294002 was added along with the resveratrol, its protective effects against IL-1β-induced NP cell apoptosis were attenuated. In conclusion, resveratrol suppresses IL-1β-mediated NP cell apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Resveratrol may be an effective drug to attenuate inflammatory cytokine-induced disc degenerative changes.
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23
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Teng L, Chen Y, Jia YG, Ren L. Supramolecular and dynamic covalent hydrogel scaffolds: from gelation chemistry to enhanced cell retention and cartilage regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6705-6736. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01698h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the most recent progress in gelation strategies of biomedical supramolecular and dynamic covalent crosslinking hydrogels and their applications for enhancing cell retention and cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Teng
- School of Medicine
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
| | - Yunhua Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Yong-Guang Jia
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Li Ren
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
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Osteogenic protein-1 attenuates nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in a hyperosmotic culture. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181708. [PMID: 30459239 PMCID: PMC6294645 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have indicated that osteogenic protein-1 has protective effects on the biological functions of intervertebral disc cells. Hyperosmolarity is an important physicochemical factor within the disc nucleus pulposus (NP) region, which obviously promotes NP cell apoptosis. Objective: To study the effects of osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) on NP cell apoptosis induced by hyperosmolarity and the potential signaling transduction pathway. Methods: Rat NP cells were cultured in a hyperosmotic medium with or without OP-1 addition for 7 days. Inhibitor 294002 and inhibitor FK-506 were used to investigate the role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in this process. NP cell apoptosis were evaluated by cell apoptosis ratio, activity of caspase-3/9 and gene/protein expression of apoptosis-related molecules (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP). Results: OP-1 addition obviously decreased cell apoptosis ratio and caspase-3/9 activity, down-regulated gene/protein expression of pro-apoptosis molecules (Bax, caspase-3/cleaved casepase-3 and cleaved PARP), up-regulated gene/protein expression of anti-apoptosis molecule (Bcl-2) in a hyperosmotic culture. Moreover, OP-1 addition significantly increased protein expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR. Further analysis showed that addition of LY294002 and FK-506 partly attenuated these protective effects of OP-1 against NP cell apoptosis and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in a hyperosmotic culture. Conclusion: OP-1 can attenuate NP cell apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in a hyperosmotic culture. The present study sheds a new light on the protective role of OP-1 in regulating disc cell biology and provides some theoretical basis for the application of OP-1 in retarding/regenerating disc degeneration.
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Smith LJ, Silverman L, Sakai D, Le Maitre CL, Mauck RL, Malhotra NR, Lotz JC, Buckley CT. Advancing cell therapies for intervertebral disc regeneration from the lab to the clinic: Recommendations of the ORS spine section. JOR Spine 2018; 1:e1036. [PMID: 30895277 PMCID: PMC6419951 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is strongly associated with chronic low back pain, a leading cause of disability worldwide. Current back pain treatment approaches (both surgical and conservative) are limited to addressing symptoms, not necessarily the root cause. Not surprisingly therefore, long-term efficacy of most approaches is poor. Cell-based disc regeneration strategies have shown promise in preclinical studies, and represent a relatively low-risk, low-cost, and durable therapeutic approach suitable for a potentially large patient population, thus making them attractive from both clinical and commercial standpoints. Despite such promise, no such therapies have been broadly adopted clinically. In this perspective we highlight primary obstacles and provide recommendations to help accelerate successful clinical translation of cell-based disc regeneration therapies. The key areas addressed include: (a) Optimizing cell sources and delivery techniques; (b) Minimizing potential risks to patients; (c) Selecting physiologically and clinically relevant efficacy metrics; (d) Maximizing commercial potential; and (e) Recognizing the importance of multidisciplinary collaborations and engaging with clinicians from inception through to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan J. Smith
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Lara Silverman
- DiscGenics Inc.Salt Lake CityUtah
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennessee
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical ScienceTokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
| | | | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Neil R. Malhotra
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey C. Lotz
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Conor T. Buckley
- Trinity Centre for BioengineeringTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of DublinDublinIreland
- School of EngineeringTrinity College Dublin, The University of DublinDublinIreland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) CentreRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin, The University of DublinDublinIreland
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Xue K, Wang X, Yong PW, Young DJ, Wu YL, Li Z, Loh XJ. Hydrogels as Emerging Materials for Translational Biomedicine. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; Agency for Science,; Technology and Research; 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Pei Wern Yong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117575 Singapore
| | - David James Young
- Faculty of Science; Health, Education and Engineering; University of the Sunshine Coast; Maroochydore Queensland 4558 Australia
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; Agency for Science,; Technology and Research; 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; Agency for Science,; Technology and Research; 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117575 Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute; 11 Third Hospital Avenue Singapore 168751 Singapore
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Vedicherla S, Romanazzo S, Kelly DJ, Buckley CT, Moran CJ. Chondrocyte-based intraoperative processing strategies for the biological augmentation of a polyurethane meniscus replacement. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:381-392. [PMID: 29182439 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1402892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Purpose/aim of study: Menisectomies account for over 1.5 million surgical interventions in Europe annually, and there is a growing interest in regenerative strategies to improve outcomes in meniscal replacement. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the role of intraoperatively applied fresh chondrocyte (FC) isolates compared to minced cartilage (MC) fragments, used without cell isolation, to improve bioactivity and tissue integration when combined with a polyurethane replacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, to optimize the intraoperative cell isolation protocol, caprine articular cartilage biopsies were digested with 750 U/ml or 3000 U/ml collagenase type II (ratio of 10 ml per g of tissue) for 30 min, 1 h or 12 h with constant agitation and compared to culture-expanded chondrocytes in terms of matrix deposition when cultured on polyurethane scaffolds. Finally, FCs and MC-augmented polyurethane scaffolds were evaluated in a caprine meniscal explant model to assess the potential enhancements on tissue integration strength. RESULTS Adequate numbers of FCs were harvested using a 30 min chondrocyte isolation protocol and were found to demonstrate improved matrix deposition compared to standard culture-expanded cells in vitro. Upon evaluation in a meniscus explant defect model, both FCs and MC showed improved matrix deposition at the tissue-scaffold interface and enhanced push-out strength, fourfold and 2.5-fold, respectively, compared with the acellular implant. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we have demonstrated a novel approach that could be applied intraoperatively, using FCs or MC for improved tissue integration with a polyurethane meniscal replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srujana Vedicherla
- a Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine , School of Medicine, Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland.,c Trinity Centre for Bioengineering , Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Sara Romanazzo
- a Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine , School of Medicine, Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland.,c Trinity Centre for Bioengineering , Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- b Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering , School of Engineering, Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland.,c Trinity Centre for Bioengineering , Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland.,d Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Conor T Buckley
- b Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering , School of Engineering, Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland.,c Trinity Centre for Bioengineering , Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland.,d Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Cathal J Moran
- a Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine , School of Medicine, Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland.,c Trinity Centre for Bioengineering , Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland.,d Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland.,e Sports Surgery Clinic , Santry , Dublin , Ireland
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Schubert AK, Smink JJ, Arp M, Ringe J, Hegewald AA, Sittinger M. Quality Assessment of Surgical Disc Samples Discriminates Human Annulus Fibrosus and Nucleus Pulposus on Tissue and Molecular Level. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061761. [PMID: 29899321 PMCID: PMC6032144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A discrimination of the highly specialised annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in the mature human intervertebral disc (IVD) is thus far still not possible in a reliable way. The aim of this study was to identify molecular markers that distinguish AF and NP cells in human disc tissue using microarray analysis as a screening tool. AF and NP samples were obtained from 28 cervical discs. First, all samples underwent quality sorting using two novel scoring systems for small-sized disc tissue samples including macroscopic, haptic and histological evaluation. Subsequently, samples with clear disc characteristics of either AF or NP that were free from impurities of foreign tissue (IVD score) and with low signs of disc degeneration on cellular level (DD score) were selected for GeneChip analysis (HGU1332P). The 11 AF and 9 NP samples showed distinctly different genome-wide transcriptomes. The majority of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) could be specifically assigned to the AF, whereas no DEG was exclusively expressed in the NP. Nevertheless, we identified 11 novel marker genes that clearly distinguished AF and NP, as confirmed by quantitative gene expression analysis. The novel established scoring systems and molecular markers showed the identity of AF and NP in disc starting material and are thus of great importance in the quality assurance of cell-based therapeutics in regenerative treatment of disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Schubert
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Tissue Engineering Laboratory and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- CO.DON AG, 14513 Teltow, Germany.
| | | | - Mirko Arp
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Jochen Ringe
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Tissue Engineering Laboratory and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Aldemar A Hegewald
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, Helios Baltic Sea Hospital Damp, 24351 Damp, Germany.
| | - Michael Sittinger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Tissue Engineering Laboratory and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Naqvi SM, Gansau J, Buckley CT. Priming and cryopreservation of microencapsulated marrow stromal cells as a strategy for intervertebral disc regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:034106. [PMID: 29380742 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaab7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A challenge in using stromal cells for intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration is their limited differentiation capacity in vivo without exogenous growth factor (GF) supplementation. Priming of stromal cells prior to transplantation may offer a feasible strategy to overcome this limitation. Furthermore, the ability to cryopreserve cells could help alleviate logistical issues associated with storage and transport. With these critical translational challenges in mind, we aimed to develop a strategy involving priming and subsequent cryopreservation of microencapsulated bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). In phase one, we utilised the electrohydrodynamic atomisation process to fabricate BMSC-encapsulated microcapsules that were primed with TGF-β3 for 14 d after which they were cultured for a further 21 d under basal or GF supplemented media conditions. Results showed that priming induced differentiation of BMSC microcapsules such that they synthesised significant amounts of sGAG (61.9 ± 2.0 μg and 55.3 ± 6.1 μg for low and high cell densities) and collagen (24.4 ± 1.9 μg and 55.3 ± 4.6 μg for low and high cell densities) in continued culture without GF supplementation compared to Unprimed microcapsules. Phase two of this work assessed the extracellular matrix forming capacity of Primed BMSC microcapsules over 21 d after cryopreservation. Notably, primed and cryopreserved BMSCs successfully retained the ability to synthesise both sGAG (24.8 ± 2.7 μg and 75.1 ± 11.6 μg for low and high cell densities) and collagen (26.4 ± 7.8 μg and 93.1 ± 10.2 μg for low and high cell densities) post-cryopreservation. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of priming and cryopreservation approaches for IVD repair and could possibly open new horizons for pre-designed, 'off-the-shelf' injectable therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda M Naqvi
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Sandell L. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® update, January 2018. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:9. [PMID: 29425400 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Sandell LJ. JOR Virtual Issue on stem cells in orthopaedics. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:2593-2594. [PMID: 29228506 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Sandell
- Editor in Chief, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, Mildred B. Simon Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Professor, Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine
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Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Retarding Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7919201. [PMID: 28752097 PMCID: PMC5511641 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7919201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Several animal studies have demonstrated the positive effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on disc degeneration retardation. The present meta-analysis was to verify the efficacy of PRP in retarding disc degeneration in animal. Methods Relevant studies were identified and evaluated according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and related 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated to assess PRP efficiency. Results In total, eleven studies were included in this meta-analysis. Significant differences were found in the PRP treatment group, which showed increased disc height (SMD = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.86, 3.47, p = 0.000), increased MRI T2 signal intensity (SMD = −3.29, 95% CI: −4.44, −2.13, p = 0.000), and decreased histological degeneration grade (SMD = −4.28, 95% CI: −5.26, −3.30, p = 0.000). However, no significant increase in collagen II expression was found (SMD = 25389.74, 95% CI: −27585.72, 78365.21, p = 0.348). Apart from the subgroup analysis of the disc height based on animal species (pig) and disc degeneration model (chymopapain induction), other subgroup analysis based on animal species (rabbit and rat), study design, disc degeneration model, and follow-up period demonstrated that PRP treatment can significantly restore disc height and increase MRI T2 signal intensity. Conclusions PRP treatment is potentially effective in restoring disc height of rodent rabbit and rat, reducing histological degeneration grade, and increasing MRI T2 image signal. PRP injection may be promising therapy for retarding disc degeneration.
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Iatridis JC, Kang J, Kandel R, Risbud MV. New horizons in spine research: Intervertebral disc repair and regeneration. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:5-7. [PMID: 28114734 PMCID: PMC5482231 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James C. Iatridis
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - James Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Rita Kandel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario M5G1X5, Canada
| | - Makarand V. Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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Melrose J. The knee joint loose body as a source of viable autologous human chondrocytes. Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2645. [PMID: 27349321 PMCID: PMC4933832 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Loose bodies are fragments of cartilage or bone present in the synovial fluid. In the present study we assessed if loose bodies could be used as a source of autologous human chondrocytes for experimental purposes. Histochemical examination of loose bodies and differential enzymatic digestions were undertaken, the isolated cells were cultured in alginate bead microspheres and immunolocalisations were undertaken for chondrogenic markers such as aggrecan, and type II collagen. Isolated loose body cells had high viability (≥90% viable), expressed chondrogenic markers (aggrecan, type II collagen) but no type I collagen. Loose bodies may be a useful source of autologous chondrocytes of high viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Melrose
- Royal North Shore Hospital University of Sydney University of NSW.
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