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Liu Y, Yin T, He M, Fang C, Peng S. The relationship of dietary flavonoids and periodontitis in US population: a cross-sectional NHANES analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:168. [PMID: 38396151 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between dietary flavonoids intake and periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010 on 3025 participants aged between 30 and 80 years who had full-mouth periodontal examination and dietary flavonoids intake data. This study used periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) as periodontitis markers. Data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS After adjusting confounders, the middle tertile of total dietary flavonoids was associated with decreased mean PPD (0.06 mm, P = 0.016) and mean CAL (0.13 mm, P = 0.001) and the top tertile of total dietary flavonoids was significantly associated with decreases in mean PPD (0.05 mm, P = 0.029) and mean CAL (0.11 mm, P = 0.010). Both the middle and top tertiles of total flavonoids intake were significantly related with decreased mean CAL in females, those flossing 0 days/week, overweight and non-diabetic population but not in males, smokers, those flossing 1-6 days/week and diabetic population. Higher anthocyanidins, flavones and flavonols intake was significantly associated with decreased mean PPD and mean CAL while higher flavanones intake was only significantly associated with decreased mean CAL. Higher anthocyanidins intake was particularly related with greatest decreases in mean CAL (top tertile: 0.22 mm, middle tertile: 0.17 mm, both P < 0.010). However, no significant associations were found between isoflavones and flavan_3_ols intake and mean CAL. CONCLUSIONS Higher dietary flavonoids intake may be beneficial for periodontal health. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Additional anthocyanidins, flavanones, flavones and flavonols intake was associated with improved periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Liu
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Yin
- Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha, Hunan, 410605, P.R. China
| | - Mi He
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Changyun Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Shifang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China.
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Hu HY, Zhang ZZ, Jiang XY, Duan TH, Feng W, Wang XG. Hesperidin Anti-Osteoporosis by Regulating Estrogen Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2023; 28:6987. [PMID: 37836830 PMCID: PMC10574669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is distinguished by a reduction in bone mass and degradation of bone micro-structure, frequently resulting in fractures. As the geriatric demographic expands, the incidence of affected individuals progressively rises, thereby exerting a significant impact on the quality of life experienced by individuals. The flavonoid compound hesperidin has been subject to investigation regarding its effects on skeletal health, albeit the precise mechanisms through which it operates remain ambiguous. This study utilized network pharmacology to predict the core targets and signaling pathways implicated in the anti-OP properties of hesperidin. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to confirm the stability of the interaction between hesperidin and the core targets. The effects of hesperidin on osteoblastic cells MC3T3-E1 were assessed using MTT, ELISA, alkaline phosphatase assay, and RT-qPCR techniques. Furthermore, in vivo experiments were conducted to determine the potential protective effects of hesperidin on zebrafish bone formation and oxidative stress response. The results demonstrate that network pharmacology has identified 10 key target points, significantly enriched in the estrogen signaling pathway. Hesperidin exhibits notable promotion of MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and significantly enhances ALP activity. ELISA measurements indicate an elevation in NO levels and a reduction in IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, RT-qPCR analysis consistently reveals that hesperidin significantly modulates the mRNA levels of ESR1, SRC, AKT1, and NOS3 in MC3T3-E1 cells. Hesperidin promotes osteogenesis and reduces oxidative stress in zebrafish. Additionally, we validate the stable and tight binding of hesperidin with ESR1, SRC, AKT1, and NOS3 through molecular dynamics simulations. In conclusion, our comprehensive analysis provides evidence that hesperidin may exert its effects on alleviating OP through the activation of the estrogen signaling pathway via ESR1. This activation leads to the upregulation of SRC, AKT, and eNOS, resulting in an increase in NO levels. Furthermore, hesperidin promotes osteoblast-mediated bone formation and inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby alleviating oxidative stress associated with OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yao Hu
- Jilin Medical Products Administration, Changchun 130000, China;
| | - Ze-Zhao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Quality Evaluation & Standardization Hebei Province Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; (Z.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (T.-H.D.)
| | - Xiao-Ya Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Quality Evaluation & Standardization Hebei Province Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; (Z.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (T.-H.D.)
| | - Tian-Hua Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Quality Evaluation & Standardization Hebei Province Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; (Z.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (T.-H.D.)
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Quality Evaluation & Standardization Hebei Province Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; (Z.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (T.-H.D.)
| | - Xin-Guo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Quality Evaluation & Standardization Hebei Province Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; (Z.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (T.-H.D.)
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Fu E, Kuo CY, Hsia YJ, Huang YM, Tseng HH, Fu MW, Shih KC. Role of ferroptosis in periodontitis: An animal study in rats. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1031-1040. [PMID: 37477155 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate (1) the temporal pattern of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, in ligation-induced rat periodontitis and (2) the effect of ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, on the model. BACKGROUND Ferroptosis may contribute to various diseases. However, the role of ferroptosis in periodontitis is still fully understood. METHODS In the first experiment, 25 rats with ligation-induced periodontitis were sacrificed on days 0, 1, 2, 7, and 10. Gingivae were obtained to determine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and ferroptotic biomarkers, including solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), via immunoblotting. Using microcomputed tomography (μCT) and histology, the periodontal soft and hard tissue lesions, including dental alveolar bone crest level, bony characteristics of the surrounding alveolus, periodontal tissue inflammation, and periodontal tissue losses, were evaluated. In study two, 16 rats with induced periodontitis were grouped according to ferrostatin-1 treatment. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with solvent or ferrostatin-1 (1.5 mg/kg/day) 1 day before ligation and sacrificed on days 7 and 10. Gingival protein changes and periodontal tissue damage were also examined. RESULTS In study one, SLC3A2/SLC7A11 and Gpx4 decreased since day 1; however, TNF-α/IL-1β increased on days 7 and 10. Moreover, the μCT/histology revealed resorptive bony characteristics, inflamed gingival tissue, and periodontal attachment loss. In study two, ferrostatin-1-injected rats exhibited significantly increased SLC3A2/SLC7A11 and Gpx4 but decreased TNF-α/IL-1β than vehicle rats. They also revealed lessened bone resorption, tissue inflammation, and attachment loss. CONCLUSION This study highlights the role of ferroptosis, via the system Xc/Gpx4 pathway, in experimental periodontitis and may serve as a regulatory strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Earl Fu
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jan Hsia
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yiao-Mien Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hwa Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wen Fu
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Kuang-Chung Shih
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Moiseev D, Donskov S, Dubrovin I, Kulyukina M, Vasil’ev Y, Volel B, Shadieva S, Babaev A, Shevelyuk J, Utyuzh A, Velichko E, Dydykin S, Dydykina I, Paramonov Y, Faustova E. A New Way to Model Periodontitis in Laboratory Animals. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:219. [PMID: 37754339 PMCID: PMC10527576 DOI: 10.3390/dj11090219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of periodontal diseases is increasing, tends to increase with age and is considered as one of the main causes of tooth loss. To assess the effectiveness of new methods of treatment of periodontal diseases, studies on laboratory animals can be promising. THE AIM OF THE STUDY to develop a new method of accelerated modeling of experimental periodontitis on laboratory animals. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was carried out on 22 female rats. A wire ligature was applied to the cervical area of the incisors of the animals in an eight-shaped manner. Plaque obtained from a patient with periodontitis was placed under the wire, and nicotine and ethyl alcohol solutions were injected under the gingival mucosa. A complex index has been proposed to assess inflammation. At the end of the experiment the animals were euthanized, their jaws were dissected into dentoalveolar blocks and further descriptive histologic analysis was performed. RESULTS On the second day the gingiva of the rats acquired a cyanotic-pink color, on the fourth day the consistency of the gingiva became friable, mobility appeared in the lower incisors. Complex index of inflammation in animals of the main group: before the study-9, on the 7th day-195. Gingival preparations showed signs of exudative inflammation. In alveolar processes-irreversible resorption of bone structures. The difference of indicators in animals before and after the experiment was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The new experimental model of periodontitis is reproduced in a short period of time, provides intensive development of inflammation, leads to disruption of the integrity of epithelial and connective tissue attachment, destruction of alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Moiseev
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.M.)
| | - Sergey Donskov
- Tver State Medical University, Sovetskaya Str., 4, 170100 Tver, Russia; (S.D.); (I.D.)
| | - Ivan Dubrovin
- Tver State Medical University, Sovetskaya Str., 4, 170100 Tver, Russia; (S.D.); (I.D.)
| | - Mariya Kulyukina
- Tver State Medical University, Sovetskaya Str., 4, 170100 Tver, Russia; (S.D.); (I.D.)
| | - Yuriy Vasil’ev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, p. 2, 119048 Moscow, Russia (E.V.)
| | - Beatrice Volel
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, p. 2, 119048 Moscow, Russia (E.V.)
| | - Shodiya Shadieva
- Bukhara State Medical Institute Named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, A.Navai Str. 1, Bukhara 200101, Uzbekistan
| | - Aleksey Babaev
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.M.)
| | - Juliya Shevelyuk
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, p. 2, 119048 Moscow, Russia (E.V.)
| | - Anatolij Utyuzh
- N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, Vorontsovo Pole Str., 12, Building 1, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ellina Velichko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, p. 2, 119048 Moscow, Russia (E.V.)
| | - Sergey Dydykin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, p. 2, 119048 Moscow, Russia (E.V.)
| | - Irina Dydykina
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, 34A Kashirskoe Highway, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Paramonov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, p. 2, 119048 Moscow, Russia (E.V.)
| | - Ekaterina Faustova
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.M.)
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Maquera-Huacho PM, Spolidorio DP, Manthey J, Grenier D. Effect of Hesperidin on Barrier Function and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in an Oral Epithelial Cell Model, and on Secretion of Macrophage-Derived Inflammatory Mediators during Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10389. [PMID: 37373533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontopathogenic bacterium that can adhere to and colonize periodontal tissues, leading to an inflammatory process, and, consequently, tissue destruction. New therapies using flavonoids, such as hesperidin, are being studied, and their promising properties have been highlighted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hesperidin on the epithelial barrier function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and on the inflammatory response caused by P. gingivalis in in vitro models. The integrity of the epithelial tight junctions challenged by P. gingivalis was determined by monitoring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). P. gingivalis adherence to a gingival keratinocyte monolayer and a basement membrane model were evaluated by a fluorescence assay. A fluorometric assay was used to determine the ROS production in gingival keratinocytes. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secretion was evaluated by ELISA; to assess NF-κB activation, the U937-3xjB-LUC monocyte cell line transfected with a luciferase reporter gene was used. Hesperidin protected against gingival epithelial barrier dysfunction caused by P. gingivalis and reduced the adherence of P. gingivalis to the basement membrane model. Hesperidin dose-dependently inhibited P. gingivalis-mediated ROS production by oral epithelial cells as well as the secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, MMP-2, and MMP-9 by macrophages challenged with P. gingivalis. Additionally, it was able to attenuate NF-κB activation in macrophages stimulated with P. gingivalis. These findings suggest that hesperidin has a protective effect on the epithelial barrier function, in addition to reducing ROS production and attenuating the inflammatory response associated with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Milagros Maquera-Huacho
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Denise Palomari Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - John Manthey
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Systemic Dietary Hesperidin Modulation of Osteoclastogenesis, Bone Homeostasis and Periodontal Disease in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137100. [PMID: 35806105 PMCID: PMC9266620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hesperidin (HE) on in vitro osteoclastogenesis and dietary supplementation on mouse periodontal disease and femoral bone phenotype. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with RANKL in the presence or absence of HE (1, 100 or 500 µM) for 5 days, and evaluated by TRAP, TUNEL and Western Blot (WB) analyses. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were given HE via oral gavage (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. A sterile silk ligature was placed between the first and second right maxillary molars for 10 days and microcomputed tomography (μCT), histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation were performed. Femoral bones subjected or not to dietary HE (500 mg/kg) for 6 and 12 weeks were evaluated using μCT. In vitro, HE 500 µM reduced formation of RANKL-stimulated TRAP-positive(+) multinucleated cells (500 µM) as well as c-Fos and NFATc1 protein expression (p < 0.05), markers of osteoclasts. In vivo, dietary HE 500 mg/kg increased the alveolar bone resorption in ligated teeth (p < 0.05) and resulted in a significant increase in TRAP+ cells (p < 0.05). Gingival inflammatory infiltrate was greater in the HE 500 mg/kg group even in the absence of ligature. In femurs, HE 500 mg/kg protected trabecular and cortical bone mass at 6 weeks of treatment. In conclusion, HE impaired in vitro osteoclastogenesis, but on the contrary, oral administration of a high concentration of dietary HE increased osteoclast numbers and promoted inflammation-induced alveolar bone loss. However, HE at 500 mg/kg can promote a bone-sparing effect on skeletal bone under physiological conditions.
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Pharmacological Therapies for the Management of Inflammatory Bone Resorption in Periodontal Disease: A Review of Preclinical Studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5832009. [PMID: 35547360 PMCID: PMC9085331 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5832009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, a highly prevalent multicausal chronic inflammatory and destructive disease, develops as a result of complex host-parasite interactions. Dysbiotic bacterial biofilm in contact with the gingival tissues initiates a cascade of inflammatory events, mediated and modulated by the host's immune response, which is characterized by increased expression of several inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines in the connective tissue. If periodontal disease (PD) is left untreated, it results in the destruction of the supporting tissues around the teeth, including periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone, which lead to a wide range of disabilities and poor quality of life, thus imposing significant burdens. This process depends on the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for reabsorbing the bone tissue. Therefore, the inhibition of differentiation or activity of these cells is a promising strategy for controlling bone resorption. Several pharmacological drugs that target osteoclasts and inflammatory cells with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, such as bisphosphonates, anti-RANK-L antibody, strontium ranelate, cathepsin inhibitors, curcumin, flavonoids, specialized proresolving mediators, and probiotics, were already described to manage inflammatory bone resorption during experimental PD progression in preclinical studies. Meantime, a growing number of studies have described the beneficial effects of herbal products in inhibiting bone resorption in experimental PD. Therefore, this review summarizes the role of several pharmacological drugs used for PD prevention and treatment and highlights the targeted action of all those drugs with antiresorptive properties. In addition, our review provides a timely and critical appraisal for the scientific rationale use of the antiresorptive and immunomodulatory medications in preclinical studies, which will help to understand the basis for its clinical application.
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Therapeutic Effects of Citrus Flavonoids Neohesperidin, Hesperidin and Its Aglycone, Hesperetin, on Bone Health. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050626. [PMID: 35625554 PMCID: PMC9138288 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are natural phytochemicals that have therapeutic effects and act in the prevention of several pathologies. These phytochemicals can be found in seeds, grains, tea, coffee, wine, chocolate, cocoa, vegetables and, mainly, in citrus fruits. Neohesperidin, hesperidin and hesperetin are citrus flavonoids from the flavanones subclass that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. Neohesperidin, in the form of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), also has dietary properties as a sweetener. In general, these flavanones have been investigated as a strategy to control bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. In this literature review, we compiled studies that investigated the effects of neohesperidin, hesperidin and its aglycone, hesperetin, on bone health. In vitro studies showed that these flavanones exerted an antiosteoclastic and anti- inflammatory effects, inhibiting the expression of osteoclastic markers and reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species, proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase levels. Similarly, such studies favored the osteogenic potential of preosteoblastic cells and induced the overexpression of osteogenic markers. In vivo, these flavanones favored the regeneration of bone defects and minimized inflammation in arthritis- and periodontitis-induced models. Additionally, they exerted a significant anticatabolic effect in ovariectomy models, reducing trabecular bone loss and increasing bone mineral density. Although research should advance to the clinical field, these flavanones may have therapeutic potential for controlling the progression of metabolic, autoimmune or inflammatory bone diseases.
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Liu Q, Sun Y, Chen D, Chen K, Huang B, Chen Z. Inhibitory effect of roflumilast on experimental periodontitis. J Periodontol 2022; 93:423-434. [PMID: 34124777 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) has been identified as a valid therapeutic target in several inflammatory diseases. In this study, we assessed PDE4 in gingival tissue from patients with chronic periodontitis and evaluated the therapeutic effects of the PDE4 inhibitor, roflumilast, in an experimental rat model of periodontitis. METHODS Gingival tissue specimens from 20 healthy subjects and 20 patients with periodontitis were collected, and the mRNA expression levels of PDE4, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were assessed. Ninety rats were divided randomly into three groups (30 per group): non-ligature group, ligature-induced periodontitis group (L), and ligature-induced periodontitis with roflumilast administered group (5 mg/kg/d) (L+R). Rats were euthanized on days 3, 8, and 14. Alveolar bone resorption was analyzed using microcomputed tomography. Inflammation and osteoclast number were analyzed histologically. Finally, the mRNA expression levels of PDE-4, IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were assessed in the rat gingival tissue. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of PDE4, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the gingiva were significantly higher in patients with periodontitis compared with healthy individuals (P <0.05). Alveolar bone loss, degree of inflammation, number of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts, and mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB, and PDE4 in the L+R group were significantly lower than those in the L group (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS PDE4 expression was increased in the gingiva of patients with periodontitis. Roflumilast may decrease alveolar bone loss and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danying Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaidi Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoxin Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuofan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Da Ponte Leguizamón N, de Molon RS, Coletto-Nunes G, Nogueira AVB, Rocha SV, Neo-Justino DM, Soares-Costa A, Cerri PS, Lerner UH, Souza PPC, Cirelli JA. Phytocystatin CsinCPI-2 Reduces Osteoclastogenesis and Alveolar Bone Loss. J Dent Res 2021; 101:216-225. [PMID: 34328027 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211027811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is a polymicrobial chronic inflammatory condition of the supporting tissues around the teeth, leading to the destruction of surrounding connective tissue. During the progression of PD, osteoclasts play a crucial role in the resorption of alveolar bone that eventually leads to the loss of teeth if the PD is left untreated. Therefore, the development of antiresorptive therapies targeting bone-resorbing cells will significantly benefit the treatment of PD. Here, we demonstrate the inhibitory effect of CsinCPI-2, a novel cysteine peptidase inhibitor from the orange tree, on periodontitis-induced inflammation, alveolar bone loss, and osteoclast differentiation. Using the ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice, we show that treatment with CsinCPI-2 (0.8 µg/g of body weight) significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltrate in the connective tissue and prevented the loss of alveolar bone mass (BV/TV) caused by PD, effects associated with diminished numbers of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells. Furthermore, CsinCPI-2 significantly downregulated the numbers of inflammatory cells expressing CD3, CD45, MAC387, and IL-1β. In vitro, CsinCPI-2 inhibited RANKL-induced TRAP+ multinucleated osteoclast formation in mouse bone marrow macrophage cultures in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was not due to cytotoxicity, as demonstrated by the MTT assay. CsinCPI-2 inhibited RANKL-induced mRNA expression of Acp5, Calcr, and Ctsk, as well as the RANKL-induced upregulation of Nfatc1, a crucial transcription factor for osteoclast differentiation. Based on our findings, CsinCPI-2 prevents bone loss induced by PD by controlling the inflammatory process and acting directly on osteoclastogenesis, suggesting an interesting potential for CsinCPI-2 in the strategy for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Da Ponte Leguizamón
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - R S de Molon
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - G Coletto-Nunes
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - A V B Nogueira
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - S V Rocha
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - D M Neo-Justino
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - A Soares-Costa
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - P S Cerri
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - U H Lerner
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P P C Souza
- Innovation in Biomaterials Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - J A Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
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11
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Carvalho JDS, Ramadan D, de Paiva Gonçalves V, Maquera-Huacho PM, Assis RP, Lima TFO, Brunetti IL, Spolidorio DMP, Cesar T, Manthey JA, Spolidorio LC. Impact of citrus flavonoid supplementation on inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontal disease in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:5007-5017. [PMID: 33950049 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03338c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In general, the consumption of flavonoid-rich foods may influence the control/dysregulation of the magnitude and duration of inflammation and oxidative stress, which are known to contribute to multiple pathologies. Information regarding the impact of citrus flavonoid dietary supplementation on periodontal disease is still scarce. Herein, we investigated whether a diet supplemented with eriocitrin and eriodictyol could alter the course of the inflammatory response associated with LPS-induced periodontal disease in mice. Sixty BALB/c mice received a standard diet or a diet supplemented with different concentrations of eriocitrin or eriodictyol. After 30 days of food supplementation, a solution containing LPS from Escherichia coli was injected into the gingival tissues three times per week for four weeks. Neutrophils, mononuclear cells and eosinophils were assessed using a severity analysis system in H&E-stained sections and modified picrosirius red. The activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a marker of granulocyte infiltration, and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) were determined spectrophotometrically. The oxidative damage was determined by measuring the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and anti-oxidative activity through the assessment of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Interleukin (IL)-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 were quantified by multiplex immunoassay. Periodontal inflammation was significantly inhibited by citrus flavonoid supplementation, including reduced flatness of the gingival epithelium and chronic and acute inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as loss of connective tissue in the gingival papillae. Both eriocitrin and eriodictyol inhibited gingival IL-1β and TNF-α and increased IL-10 secondary to periodontitis. Significant protection and decreased MPO and EPO activity were detected in the periodontal tissue of citrus flavonoid-treated animals. In comparison with the LPS group, SOD, CAT and GPx activities were increased, while the MDA content was reduced, indicating decreased oxidative damage. These results suggest that a diet supplemented with the citrus flavonoids eriocitrin or eriodictyol may aid in the prevention of periodontitis, representing a potential method to enhance local immunity and host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan de Souza Carvalho
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dania Ramadan
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius de Paiva Gonçalves
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Renata Pires Assis
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tayra Ferreira Oliveira Lima
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Cesar
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John A Manthey
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 2001 South Rock Road/Port Fierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Luís Carlos Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Messer JG, La S, Kipp DE, Castillo EJ, Yarrow JF, Jorgensen M, Wnek RD, Kimmel DB, Aguirre JI. Diet-induced Generalized Periodontitis in Lewis Rats. Comp Med 2019; 69:384-400. [PMID: 31575381 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an important public health concern worldwide. Because rodents from the genus Rattus are resistant to spontaneous periodontitis, experimental periodontitis must be initiated by mechanical procedures and interventions. Due to their exacerbated Th1 response and imbalanced Th17 regulatory T-cell responses, Lewis rats are highly susceptible to inducible inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized that feeding Lewis rats a diet high in sucrose and casein (HSC) would alter the oral microenvironment and induce inflammation and the development of periodontitis lesions without mechanical intervention. A baseline group (BSL, n = 8) was euthanized at age 6 wk. Beginning at 6 wk of age, 2 groups of Lewis rats were fed standard (STD, n = 12) or HSC (n = 20) chow and euthanized at 29 wk of age. We evaluated the degree of periodontitis through histology and μCT of maxillae and mandibles. The HSC-induced inflammatory response of periodontal tissues was assessed by using immunohistochemistry. Gene expression analysis of inflammatory cytokines associated with Th1 and Th17 responses, innate immunity cytokines, and tissue damage in response to bacteria were assessed also. The potential systemic effects of HSC diet were evaluated by assessing body composition and bone densitometry endpoints; serum leptin and insulin concentrations; and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the liver. Placing Lewis rats on HSC diet for 24 wk induced a host Th1-immune response in periodontal tissues and mild to moderate, generalized periodontitis characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration (predominantly T cells and macrophages), osteoclast resorption of alveolar bone, and hyperplasia and migration of the gingival epithelium. HSC-fed Lewis rats developed periodontitis without mechanical intervention in the oral cavity and in the absence of any noteworthy metabolic abnormalities. Consequently, the rat model we described here may be a promising approach for modeling mild to moderate periodontitis that is similar in presentation to the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Messer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Stephanie La
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Deborah E Kipp
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Evelyn J Castillo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Joshua F Yarrow
- Department of Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida-South Georgia Veteran Health System, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marda Jorgensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Russell D Wnek
- Department of Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida-South Georgia Veteran Health System, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Donald B Kimmel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - José Ignacio Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;,
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