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López-García S, Sanz JL, Murcia L, García-Bernal D, Lozano A, Forner L, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Oñate-Sánchez RE. Assessment of the anti-inflammatory and biological properties of Bioroot Flow: A novel bioceramic sealer. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102391. [PMID: 38657320 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION BioRoot Flow (BRF) is a novel premixed bioceramic sealer indicated for endodontic treatments, but the biological and immunomodulatory effects of this endodontic sealer on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) have not been elucidated. METHODS To ascertain the biological impact of BRF, TotalFill BC Sealer (TFbc), and AH Plus (AHP) on human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (hPDLSCs), assessments were conducted to evaluate the cytocompatibility, cellular proliferation, migratory capacity, osteo/cementogenic differentiation potential, the ability to form mineralized nodules, and the immunomodulatory characteristics of hPDLSCs following treatment with these endodontic sealers. RESULTS Biological assays showed adequate cell metabolic activity and cell migration in BRF, while SEM assay evidenced that TFbc and BRF groups demonstrated a superior cell adhesion process, including substrate adhesion, cytoskeleton development, and spreading on the niche-like structures of the cement as compared to the AHP group. TFbc and BRF-treated groups exhibited a significantly lower IL6 and IL8 production than AHP (* p <.05). The bioceramic sealers stimulated heightened expression of BSP, CEMP-1, and CAP genes within a 7-14 day period. Notably, BRF and TFbc demonstrated a significant enhancement in the mineralization of hPDLSCs when compared to the negative control. Among these, cells treated with BRF showed a more substantial accumulation of calcium (*** p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings indicate that BRF can potentially enhance cell differentiation by promoting the expression of essential genes related to bone and cement formation. In addition, BRF and TFbc displayed anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio López-García
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - José L Sanz
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Laura Murcia
- Department of Health Sciences, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, Murcia 30107, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, IMIB Pascual Parrilla, Murcia 30120, Spain
| | - Adrián Lozano
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, IMIB Pascual Parrilla, Murcia 30008, Spain.
| | - Ricardo E Oñate-Sánchez
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, IMIB Pascual Parrilla, Murcia 30008, Spain
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2
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Lv H, Xu J, Wang Y, Liu X, Chen S, Chen J, Zhai J, Zhou Y. Isolation, identification and osteogenic capability analysis of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different layers of human maxillary sinus membrane. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:754-765. [PMID: 38379293 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
AIM To discover the populations of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different layers of human maxillary sinus membrane (hMSM) and evaluate their osteogenic capability. MATERIALS AND METHODS hMSM was isolated into a monolayer using the combined method of physical separation and enzymatic digestion. The localization of MSCs in hMSM was performed by immunohistological staining and other techniques. Lamina propria layer-derived MSCs (LMSCs) and periosteum layer-derived MSCs (PMSCs) from hMSM were expanded using the explant cell culture method and identified by multilineage differentiation assays, colony formation assay, flow cytometry and so on. The biological characteristics of LMSCs and PMSCs were compared using RNA sequencing, reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining, transwell assay, western blotting and so forth. RESULTS LMSCs and PMSCs from hMSMs were both CD73-, CD90- and CD105-positive, and CD34-, CD45- and HLA-DR-negative. LMSCs and PMSCs were identified as CD171+/CD90+ and CD171-/CD90+, respectively. LMSCs displayed stronger proliferation capability than PMSCs, and PMSCs presented stronger osteogenic differentiation capability than LMSCs. Moreover, PMSCs could recruit and promote osteogenic differentiation of LMSCs. CONCLUSIONS This study identified and isolated two different types of MSCs from hMSMs. Both MSCs served as good potential candidates for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Lv
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuyu Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingxia Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjie Zhai
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Kadkhoda Z, Motie P, Rad MR, Mohaghegh S, Kouhestani F, Motamedian SR. Comparison of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells with Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Other Sources: A Scoping Systematic Review of In vitro and In vivo Studies. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:497-522. [PMID: 36397622 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220429123319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The application of stem cells in regenerative medicine depends on their biological properties. This scoping review aimed to compare the features of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSSCs) with stem cells derived from other sources. DESIGN An electronic search in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar and Science Direct was conducted to identify in vitro and in vivo studies limited to English language. RESULTS Overall, 65 articles were included. Most comparisons were made between bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and PDLSCs. BMSCs were found to have lower proliferation and higher osteogenesis potential in vitro and in vivo than PDLSCs; on the contrary, dental follicle stem cells and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) had a higher proliferative ability and lower osteogenesis than PDLSCs. Moreover, UCMSCs exhibited a higher apoptotic rate, hTERT expression, and relative telomerase length. The immunomodulatory function of adipose-derived stem cells and BMSCs was comparable to PDLSCs. Gingival mesenchymal stem cells showed less sensitivity to long-term culture. Both pure and mixed gingival cells had lower osteogenic ability compared to PDLSCs. Comparison of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) with PDLSCs regarding proliferation rate, osteo/adipogenesis, and immunomodulatory properties was contradictory; however, in vivo bone formation of DPSCs seemed to be lower than PDLSCs. CONCLUSION In light of the performed comparative studies, PDLSCs showed comparable results to stem cells derived from other sources; however, further in vivo studies are needed to determine the actual pros and cons of stem cells in comparison to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Kadkhoda
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Motie
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezaei Rad
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadra Mohaghegh
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Kouhestani
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Reza Motamedian
- Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Berg T, Doppelt-Flikshtain O, Coyac BR, Zigdon-Giladi H. Oral fibroblasts rescue osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells after exposure to Zoledronic acid in a paracrine effect. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1172705. [PMID: 37637413 PMCID: PMC10450747 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1172705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a serious complication that develops in oncologic patients treated with Zoledronic acid. Although used for over 30 years, the influence of Zoledronic acid on bone has been thoroughly investigated, mainly on osteoclasts. While decreasing osteoclast differentiation and function, for many years it was thought that Zoledronic acid increased osteoblast differentiation, thus increasing bone volume. Moreover, despite the influence of soft tissue on the bone healing process, the impact of zoledronic acid on the interaction between soft tissue and bone was not investigated. Aim: Our goal was to investigate the influence of Zoledronic Acid and soft tissue cells on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Materials and methods: Osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was examined after exposure to Zoledronic Acid. To determine the influence of soft tissue cells on MSCs' osteogenic differentiation, conditioned media from keratinocytes and oral fibroblasts were added to osteogenic medium supplemented with Zoledronic Acid. Proteomic composition of keratinocytes' and fibroblasts' conditioned media were analyzed. Results: Zoledronic Acid decreased osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by seven-fold. The osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was restored by the supplementation of fibroblasts' conditioned medium to osteogenic medium, despite Zoledronic acid treatment. Five osteogenic proteins involved in the TGFβ pathway were exclusively identified in fibroblasts' conditioned medium, suggesting their role in the rescue effect. Conclusion: Oral fibroblasts secrete proteins that enable osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in the presence of Zoledronic Acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Berg
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofri Doppelt-Flikshtain
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Benjamin R. Coyac
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadar Zigdon-Giladi
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Fadl A, Leask A. Hiding in Plain Sight: Human Gingival Fibroblasts as an Essential, Yet Overlooked, Tool in Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2023; 12:2021. [PMID: 37626831 PMCID: PMC10453328 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), the most abundant cells in the oral cavity, are essential for maintaining oral homeostasis. Compared with other tissues, adult oral mucosal wounds heal regeneratively, without scarring. Relative to fibroblasts from other locations, HGFs are relatively refractory to myofibroblast differentiation, immunomodulatory, highly regenerative, readily obtained via minimally invasive procedures, easily and rapidly expanded in vitro, and highly responsive to growth factors and cytokines. Consequently, HGFs might be a superior, yet perhaps underappreciated, source of adult mesenchymal progenitor cells to use in tissue engineering and regeneration applications, including the treatment of fibrotic auto-immune connective tissue diseases such as scleroderma. Herein, we highlight in vitro and translational studies that have investigated the regenerative and differentiation potential of HGFs, with the objective of outlining current limitations and inspiring future research that could facilitate translating the regenerative potential of HGFs into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Leask
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada;
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Kong H, Liu P, Li H, Zeng X, Xu P, Yao X, Liu S, Cheng CK, Xu J. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: The Novel Therapeutic Option for Regenerative Dentistry. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:46-58. [PMID: 35132538 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by unlimited self-renewal ability and high multidirectional differentiation potential. Since dental MSCs can be easily isolated and exhibit a high capability to differentiate into odontogenic cells, they are considered as attractive therapeutic agents in regenerative dentistry. Recently, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have attracted widespread attention as carriers for cell-free therapy due to their potential functions. Many studies have shown that MSC-EVs can mediate microenvironment at tissue damage site, and coordinate the regeneration process. Additionally, MSC-EVs can mediate intercellular communication, thus affecting the phenotypes and functions of recipient cells. In this review, we mainly summarized the types of MSCs that could be potentially applied in regenerative dentistry, the possible molecular cargos of MSC-EVs, and the major effects of MSC-EVs on the therapeutic induction of osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Kong
- Department of Dentistry, Longgang E.N.T. Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T, Institute of E.N.T, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiqi Liu
- Department of Dentistry, Longgang E.N.T. Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T, Institute of E.N.T, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwen Li
- Department of Dentistry, Longgang E.N.T. Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T, Institute of E.N.T, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Longgang Institute of Stomatology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiantao Zeng
- Department of Dentistry, Longgang E.N.T. Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T, Institute of E.N.T, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiwu Xu
- Department of Dentistry, Longgang E.N.T. Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T, Institute of E.N.T, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhui Yao
- Department of Dentistry, Longgang E.N.T. Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T, Institute of E.N.T, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Senqing Liu
- Department of Dentistry, Longgang E.N.T. Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T, Institute of E.N.T, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chak Kwong Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Dentistry, Longgang E.N.T. Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T, Institute of E.N.T, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. .,Shenzhen Longgang Institute of Stomatology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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7
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Kharat A, Sanap A, Kheur S, Shekatkar M, Bhonde R. Insulin-producing cell clusters derived from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells as a model for diabetes research. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11973-11982. [PMID: 36271309 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) possess a great potential to develop the cell-based therapy for diabetes due to its unscarred healing capacity and reparative potential. In this current study, we isolated, cultured and characterised the GMSCs and explored their potential to differentiate into Insulin Producing Cell Clusters (IPCCs). METHODS The cells derived from gingival tissues exhibited fibroblast-like morphology. The flow cytometric analysis revealed positive expression of CD73(97.43%), CD90(95.05%), and CD105(93.17%) and negative expression of CD34(0.05%), CD45(0.09%), and HLA-DR (0.025) surface markers. We then converted this adherent fibroblast-like GMSCs into floating IPCCs using a sequential three-step protocol containing a different combination of differentiating agents. Initially, the presence of insulin in IPCCs was confirmed by dithizone staining. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay confirmed that IPCCs secrete insulin in response to glucose. RESULTS Generated IPCCs express pancreatic markers such as insulin, pdx1, glucagon, GLUT4 and GLUT2 as evidenced by RT-PCR analysis. Our results unequivocally showed that IPCCs can be generated from gingiva which is a potential source of postnatal MSCs. Our results offer the IPCCs generated from hGMSCs a platform for screening anti-diabetic drugs and a new autologous source of tissue for islet transplantation for the treatment of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Our results unequivocally demonstrate for the first time that hGMSCs can be used as an attractive non-invasive tissue source for generating IPCCs, which can be employed in diabetes research for screening antidiabetic agents and also for transplantation in type 1 diabetic patients as autologous source without the need of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kharat
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Avinash Sanap
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Supriya Kheur
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Madhura Shekatkar
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Ramesh Bhonde
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India.
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8
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Garna DF, Hughes FJ, Ghuman MS. Regulation of gingival fibroblast phenotype by periodontal ligament cells in vitro. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:402-411. [PMID: 35037259 PMCID: PMC9302626 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Stem cell transplantation has shown modest effects on periodontal tissue regeneration, and it is still unclear how regenerative effects utilizing this modality are mediated. A greater understanding of the basic interactions between implanted and host cells is needed to improve future strategies. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells on expression of periodontal markers and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of gingival fibroblasts (GF). Materials and Methods Primary human PDL cells were co‐cultured with primary GF cultures either by direct co‐culture with subsequent FACS sorting or indirect co‐culture using transwell cultures and PDL cell conditioned medium. Expression of periodontal markers, asporin, nestin, and periostin, was assessed by qPCR and immunofluorescence staining. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression was assessed by qPCR, histochemical staining, and activity assessed by para‐nitrophenol enzymatic assay. Single cultures of PDL cells and GF were used as controls. The role of Wnt signaling on ALP activity was assessed via Dkk1‐mediated inhibition. Results PDL cells significantly upregulated expression of PDL markers in GF with both direct and indirect co‐culture methods when compared to controls (6.05 vs. 0.73 and 59.48 vs. 17.55 fold change of asporin expression). PDL/GF cell co‐cultures significantly increased ALP activity in GF when compared with single GF cultures. Similar results were obtained when using conditioned medium isolated from PDL cell cultures. Dkk1 caused dose‐dependent reduction in ALP activity of GF cultured in PDL cell conditioned medium. Conclusions PDL cells stimulate expression of periodontal markers and osteogenic capacity of gingival fibroblasts via paracrine signaling which can be partially inhibited with addition of the Wnt antagonist, Dkk1.Further studies are required to identify specific secreted factors responsible for this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devy F Garna
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Francis J Hughes
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mandeep S Ghuman
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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9
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Thomas B, Subba T, Varma S, Rao S, Kumar M, Talwar A, Shashidhar K. Comparison of cellular and differentiation characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human gingiva and periodontal ligament. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2022; 12:235-244. [PMID: 35462740 PMCID: PMC9022390 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_259_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Dental tissues possess multipotent stem cells with varying biological properties. The present study was aimed to establish a primary culture of human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) and periodontal ligament-derived stem cells (PDLSCs) from periodontally healthy subjects and compare their biological characteristics. Materials and Methods: Gingival and periodontal ligament (PDL) tissues were collected from extracted premolar teeth of five healthy subjects and primary cultures were established. Basic biological characteristics, such as cell morphology, viability, proliferation capacity, and colony-forming units, and in vitro osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential were performed at passage 3 of GMSCs and PDLSCs. This was followed by immuno-phenotyping and flow cytometric analysis for identification of positive mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers, such as CD73, CD90, and CD105, and negative markers CD45 and CD34. Statistical Analysis Used: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Primary cultures of GMSCs and PDLSCs were successfully established. Cells exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology with a homogeneous population at passage 3. Cells derived from both tissues were highly viable (>95%), proliferative, and capable of forming colonies. Both cells did not exhibit any noticeable differences in cellular properties. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analyses showed positivity for MSC markers, CD73, CD90, and CD105, and negativity for CD34 and CD45. Furthermore, GMSCs and PDLSCs were capable of differentiating in vitro into osteocytes as evidenced by Alizarin red-S staining, and adipocytes as demonstrated by oil red O staining. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that both GMSCs and PDLSCs have similar cellular characteristics and mesenchymal differentiation potential. Therefore, they may serve as an equally potent source of stem cells for use in cell-based periodontal therapies.
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10
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Loo-Kirana R, Gilijamse M, Hogervorst J, Schoenmaker T, de Vries TJ. Although Anatomically Micrometers Apart: Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Are Slightly More Active in Bone Remodeling Than Alveolar Bone Derived Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709408. [PMID: 34616725 PMCID: PMC8488427 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) and the alveolar bone are part of the periodontium, a complex structure that supports the teeth. The alveolar bone is continuously remodeled and is greatly affected by several complex oral events, like tooth extraction, orthodontic movement, and periodontitis. Until now, the role of PDL cells in terms of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis has been widely studied, whereas surprisingly little is known about the bone remodeling capacity of alveolar bone. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the biological character of human alveolar bone cells and PDL cells in terms of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Paired samples of PDL cells and alveolar bone cells from seven patients with compromised general and oral health were collected and cultured. Bone A (early outgrowth) and bone B (late outgrowth) were included. PDL, bone A, bone B cell cultures all had a fibroblast appearance with similar expression pattern of six mesenchymal markers. These cultures were subjected to osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis assays. For osteoclastogenesis assays, the cells were co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells, a source for osteoclast precursor cells. The total duration of the experiments was 21 days. Osteogenesis was slightly favored for PDL compared to bone A and B as shown by stronger Alizarin red staining and higher expression of RUNX2 and Collagen I at day 7 and for ALP at day 21. PDL induced approximately two times more osteoclasts than alveolar bone cells. In line with these findings was the higher expression of cell fusion marker DC-STAMP in PDL-PBMC co-cultures compared to bone B at day 21. In conclusion, alveolar bone contains remodeling activity, but to a different extent compared to PDL cells. We showed that human alveolar bone cells can be used as an in vitro model to study bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Loo-Kirana
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre For Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn Gilijamse
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Hogervorst
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre For Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre For Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre For Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Shoushrah SH, Transfeld JL, Tonk CH, Büchner D, Witzleben S, Sieber MA, Schulze M, Tobiasch E. Sinking Our Teeth in Getting Dental Stem Cells to Clinics for Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6387. [PMID: 34203719 PMCID: PMC8232184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental stem cells have been isolated from the medical waste of various dental tissues. They have been characterized by numerous markers, which are evaluated herein and differentiated into multiple cell types. They can also be used to generate cell lines and iPSCs for long-term in vitro research. Methods for utilizing these stem cells including cellular systems such as organoids or cell sheets, cell-free systems such as exosomes, and scaffold-based approaches with and without drug release concepts are reported in this review and presented with new pictures for clarification. These in vitro applications can be deployed in disease modeling and subsequent pharmaceutical research and also pave the way for tissue regeneration. The main focus herein is on the potential of dental stem cells for hard tissue regeneration, especially bone, by evaluating their potential for osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and the regulation of these two processes by growth factors and environmental stimulators. Current in vitro and in vivo publications show numerous benefits of using dental stem cells for research purposes and hard tissue regeneration. However, only a few clinical trials currently exist. The goal of this review is to pinpoint this imbalance and encourage scientists to pick up this research and proceed one step further to translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig- Strasse. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany; (S.H.S.); (J.L.T.); (C.H.T.); (D.B.); (S.W.); (M.A.S.); (M.S.)
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12
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The Gingiva from the Tissue Surrounding the Bone to the Tissue Regenerating the Bone: A Systematic Review of the Osteogenic Capacity of Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Preclinical Studies. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6698100. [PMID: 34234830 PMCID: PMC8218920 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6698100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current review aims to systematically assess the osteogenic capacity of gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) in preclinical studies. A comprehensive electronic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, as well as a manual search of relevant references, was performed in June 2020 without date or language restrictions. Eligibility criteria were the following: studies that compared mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the gingiva with other MSC sources (in vitro or in vivo) or cell-free scaffold (in vivo) and studies that reported at least one of the following outcomes: osteogenic potential and new bone formation for in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Moreover, the assessment of included studies was conducted using appropriate guidelines. From 646 initial retrieved studies, 35 full-text articles were subjected to further screening and 26 studies were selected (20 in vitro studies and 6 in vivo studies). GMSCs showed great proliferation capacity and expressed recognized mesenchymal stem cell markers, particularly CD90. In vitro, MSC sources including GMSCs were capable of undergoing osteogenic differentiation with less ability in GMSCs, while most in vivo studies confirmed the capacity of GMSCs to regenerate bony defects. Concerning the assessment of methodological quality, in vitro studies met the relevant guideline except in five areas: the sample size calculation, randomization, allocation concealment, implementation, and blinding, and in vivo publications had probably low risk of bias in most domains except in three areas: allocation concealment, attrition, and blinding items.
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13
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Huang Q, Cheng X, Luo C, Yang S, Li S, Wang B, Yuan X, Yang Y, Wen Y, Liu R, Tang L, Sun H. Placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate severe acute pancreatitis by regulating macrophage polarization via secreting TSG-6. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:337. [PMID: 34112260 PMCID: PMC8193892 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promising potential to treat systemic inflammatory diseases including severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). In our previous study, placental chorionic plate-derived MSCs (CP-MSCs) were found to possess superior immunoregulatory capability. However, the therapeutic efficacy of CP-MSCs on SAP and their underlying mechanism remain unclear. METHODS The survival and colonization of exogenous CP-MSCs were observed by bioluminescence imaging and CM-Dil labeling in rodent animal models of SAP. The therapeutic efficacy of CP-MSCs on SAP rats was evaluated by pathology scores, the levels of pancreatitis biomarkers as well as the levels of inflammatory factors in the pancreas and serum. The potential protective mechanism of CP-MSCs in SAP rats was explored by selectively depleting M1 or M2 phenotype macrophages and knocking down the expression of TSG-6. RESULTS Exogenous CP-MSCs could survive and colonize in the injured tissue of SAP such as the lung, pancreas, intestine, and liver. Meanwhile, we found that CP-MSCs alleviated pancreatic injury and systemic inflammation by inducing macrophages to polarize from M1 to M2 in SAP rats. Furthermore, our data suggested that CP-MSCs induced M2 polarization of macrophages by secreting TSG-6, and TSG-6 played a vital role in alleviating pancreatic injury and systemic inflammation in SAP rats. Notably, we found that a high inflammation environment could stimulate CP-MSCs to secrete TSG-6. CONCLUSION Exogenous CP-MSCs tended to colonize in the injured tissue and reduced pancreatic injury and systemic inflammation in SAP rats through inducing M2 polarization of macrophages by secreting TSG-6. Our study provides a new treatment strategy for SAP and initially explains the potential protective mechanism of CP-MSCs on SAP rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Huang
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China.,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiumei Cheng
- XinDu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Chengdu 2nd Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Sichuan Province, Panzhihua, 617017, China
| | - Shuxu Yang
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Xiaohui Yuan
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Ruohong Liu
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Lijun Tang
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China.
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China. .,Laboratory of Basic Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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14
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Kim D, Lee AE, Xu Q, Zhang Q, Le AD. Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Application in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667221. [PMID: 33936109 PMCID: PMC8085523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been isolated and characterized from human gingival tissues (GMSCs). Similar to MSCs derived from other sources of tissues, e.g. bone marrow, adipose or umbilical cord, GMSCs also possess multipotent differentiation capacities and potent immunomodulatory effects on both innate and adaptive immune cells through the secretion of various types of bioactive factors with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory functions. Uniquely, GMSCs are highly proliferative and have the propensity to differentiate into neural cell lineages due to the neural crest-origin. These properties have endowed GMSCs with potent regenerative and therapeutic potentials in various preclinical models of human disorders, particularly, some inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, skin diseases, oral and maxillofacial disorders, and peripheral nerve injuries. All types of cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, that play critical roles in cell-cell communication through their cargos containing a variety of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Like EVs released by other sources of MSCs, GMSC-derived EVs have been shown to possess similar biological functions and therapeutic effects on several preclinical diseases models as GMSCs, thus representing a promising cell-free platform for regenerative therapy. Taken together, due to the easily accessibility and less morbidity of harvesting gingival tissues as well as the potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions, GMSCs represent a unique source of MSCs of a neural crest-origin for potential application in tissue engineering and regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane Kim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alisa E Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qilin Xu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qunzhou Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anh D Le
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center of Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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15
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Stem cell properties of Gli1-positive cells in the periodontal ligament. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:299-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Jo SB, Kim HK, Lee HN, Kim YJ, Dev Patel K, Campbell Knowles J, Lee JH, Song M. Physical Properties and Biofunctionalities of Bioactive Root Canal Sealers In Vitro. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1750. [PMID: 32899641 PMCID: PMC7559325 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Calcium silicate-based bioactive glass has received significant attention for use in various biomedical applications due to its excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. However, the bioactivity of calcium silicate nanoparticle-incorporated bioactive dental sealer is not much explored. Herein, three commercially available bioactive root canal sealers (Endoseal MTA (EDS), Well-Root ST (WST), and Nishika Canal Sealer BG (NBG)) were compared with a resin-based control sealer (AH Plus (AHP)) in terms of physical, chemical, and biological properties. EDS and NBG showed 200 to 400 nm and 100 to 200 nm nanoparticle incorporation in the SEM image, respectively, and WST and NBG showed mineral deposition in Hank's balanced salt solution after 28 days. The flowability and film thickness of all products met the ISO 3107 standard. Water contact angle, linear dimensional changes, and calcium and silicate ion release were significantly different among groups. All bioactive root canal sealers released calcium ions, while NBG released ~10 times more silicon ions than the other bioactive root canal sealers. Under the cytocompatible extraction range, NBG showed prominent cytocompatibility, osteogenecity, and angiogenecity compared to other sealers in vitro. These results indicate that calcium silicate nanoparticle incorporation in dental sealers could be a potential strategy for dental periapical tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bin Jo
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.B.J.); (Y.-J.K.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.)
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.K.K.); (H.N.L.)
| | - Hae Nim Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.K.K.); (H.N.L.)
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.B.J.); (Y.-J.K.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.)
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Kapil Dev Patel
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.B.J.); (Y.-J.K.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.)
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jonathan Campbell Knowles
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.B.J.); (Y.-J.K.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.)
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6HH, UK
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6HH, UK
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.B.J.); (Y.-J.K.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.)
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Minju Song
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.B.J.); (Y.-J.K.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.K.K.); (H.N.L.)
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