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Soliman Wadan AH, Abdelsattar Ahmed M, Hussein Ahmed A, El-Sayed Ellakwa D, Hamed Elmoghazy N, Gawish A. The Interplay of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Oral Diseases: Recent Updates in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101942. [PMID: 39111357 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to various systemic and localized diseases, including oral diseases like periodontitis, oral cancer, and temporomandibular joint disorders. This paper explores the intricate mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in oral pathologies, encompassing oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired energy metabolism. Furthermore, it elucidates the bidirectional relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and oral diseases, wherein the compromised mitochondrial function exacerbates disease progression, while oral pathologies, in turn, exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction. Understanding these intricate interactions offers insights into novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial function for managing oral diseases. This paper pertains to the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction, its implications in various oral pathological and inflammatory conditions, and emerging versatile treatment approaches. It reviews current therapeutic strategies to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, including antioxidants, mitochondrial-targeted agents, and metabolic modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Hassan Soliman Wadan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Arish Branch, North Sinai, Egypt; Sinai University Research Center (SURC), Sinai University, North Sinai, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Abdelsattar Ahmed
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kantra Branch, Ismailia, Egypt; Sinai University Research Center (SURC), Sinai University, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Abdelnaser Hussein Ahmed
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Arish Branch, North Sinai, Egypt; Sinai University Research Center (SURC), Sinai University, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Doha El-Sayed Ellakwa
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantra Branch, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Hamed Elmoghazy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Arish Branch, North Sinai, Egypt; Sinai University Research Center (SURC), Sinai University, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Abeer Gawish
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Arish Branch, North Sinai, Egypt; Sinai University Research Center (SURC), Sinai University, North Sinai, Egypt; Faculty of Graduate Studies, Sinai University, Arish Branche, North Sinai, Egypt; Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Radiology Department, Al Azhar University, Egypt
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Sarac Gul Y, Kose O, Altin A, Yemenoglu H, Arslan H, Akyildiz K, Yilmaz A. Melatonin supports nonsurgical periodontal treatment in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol 2024; 95:832-841. [PMID: 38055628 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM)-associated hyperinflammatory host response significantly provokes periodontal tissue destruction. In this context, the support of nonsurgical periodontal therapy in diabetics with host modulation agents is a current field of study. This clinical study aims to investigate the clinical efficacy of melatonin supplementation and discuss its possible biological mechanisms in nonsurgical periodontal treatment in patients with DM and periodontitis through some fundamental markers. METHODS In this randomized controlled and single-blind study, 27 of 55 diabetic patients with periodontitis (stage III/IV and grade C) underwent full-mouth scaling and root planing (fmSRP) alone and 28 patients underwent melatonin administration (6 mg daily, 30 days) in addition to fmSRP (full-mouth scaling and root planing plus melatonin, fmSRP-mel). The potential therapeutic contribution of melatonin was evaluated clinically and biochemically (gingival crevicular fluid RANKL, OPG, MMP-8, and serum IL-1β levels) at 3rd and 6th months. RESULTS Melatonin (tablet, 6 mg daily, 30 days) did not cause any local or systemic side effects. fmSRP alone resulted in significant reduction in serum IL-1β levels, pocket depths, gingival inflammation, and gingival crevicular fluid RANKL and MMP-8 levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, melatonin supplementation resulted in a more significant decrease in bleeding and pocket depth scores at probing, especially at 3 months (p < 0.05). Furthermore, RANKL and MMP-8 levels were significantly lower at 3 months and IL-1β levels at 6 months compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, OPG levels were not affected significantly by the treatments (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Melatonin, as a host modulation agent, significantly increases the clinical efficacy of fmSRP. The reduction in periodontal inflammation and pocket depths may be a result of marked suppression of RANKL-associated osteoclastogenesis and extracellular matrix damage by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Sarac Gul
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Oguz Kose
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altin
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Kent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yemenoglu
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Hatice Arslan
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Kerimali Akyildiz
- School of Vocational Health Care Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yilmaz
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Ateş A, Kurt A, Mercantepe T. Effects of mineral trioxide aggregate and methyl sulfonyl methane on pulp exposure via RUNX2 and RANKL pathways. Odontology 2024; 112:895-905. [PMID: 38194042 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) on pulp damage due to pulp exposure through the RUNX2 and RANKL pathways. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4-6 months and weighing 250-300 g were divided into healthy, control, MTA, and MSM groups. After experimental applications, all rats at 2, 4, and 8 weeks were killed anesthetically with xylazine hydrochloride (Rompun, Bayer) 30 mg/kg and ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar, Pfizer) 50 mg/kg injections (i.p.). We observed that necrotic odontoblasts, edema, inflammation, and vascular congestion findings were reduced from week 2 to week 8 in the MSM treatment group after pulp capping compared to the control group and MTA group. Similarly, we found a decrease in RUNX2 and RANKL levels in the MSM application group compared to the control and MTA groups (p < 0.05). MSM material has shown therapeutic effects on pulp capping treatment-induced pulp injury via increased RUNX2 ve RANKL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altar Ateş
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ayca Kurt
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
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Bostan SA, Yemenoglu H, Kose O, Akyildiz K, Mercantepe T, Saral S, Tumkaya L, Yilmaz A. Preventive effects of melatonin on periodontal tissue destruction due to psychological stress in rats with experimentally induced periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:500-511. [PMID: 38214233 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND Psychological stress is a potential modifiable environmental risk factor causally related to the exacerbation of periodontitis and other chronic inflammatory diseases. This animal study aimed to investigate comprehensively the preventive efficacy of systemic melatonin administration on the possible effects of restraint stress on the periodontal structures of rats with periodontitis. METHODS Forty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, restraint stress (S), S-melatonin (S-Mel), experimental periodontitis (Ep), S-Ep, and S-Ep-Mel. Periodontitis was induced by placing a 3.0 silk suture in a sub-paramarginal position around the cervix of the right and left lower first molars of the rats and keeping the suture in place for 5 weeks. Restraint stress was applied simultaneously by ligation. Melatonin and carriers were administered to the control, S, Ep, and S-Ep groups intraperitoneally (10 mg/body weight/day, 14 days) starting on day 21 following ligation and subjection to restraint stress. An open field test was performed on all groups on day 35 of the study. Periodontal bone loss was measured via histological sections. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical (RANKL and OPG) evaluations were performed on right mandibular tissue samples and biochemical (TOS (total oxidant status), TAS (total antioxidant status), OSI (oxidative stress index), IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-1β/IL-10) evaluations were performed on left mandibular tissue samples. RESULTS Melatonin significantly limited serum corticosterone elevation related to restraint stress (p < .05). Restraint stress aggravated alveolar bone loss in rats with periodontitis, while systemic melatonin administration significantly reduced stress-related periodontal bone loss. According to the biochemical analyses, melatonin significantly lowered IL-1β/IL-10, OSI (TOS/TAS), and RANKL/OPG rates, which were significantly elevated in the S-Ep group. CONCLUSION Melatonin can significantly prevent the limited destructive effects of stress on periodontal tissues by suppressing RANKL-related osteoclastogenesis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semih Alperen Bostan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yemenoglu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Kose
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Kerimali Akyildiz
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, School of Vocational Health Care Services, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sinan Saral
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Wang C, Wang L, Wang X, Cao Z. Beneficial Effects of Melatonin on Periodontitis Management: Far More Than Oral Cavity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314541. [PMID: 36498871 PMCID: PMC9739298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis as a highly prevalent chronic infection/inflammatory disease can eventually lead to tooth loss and masticatory dysfunction. It also has a negative impact on general health and largely impairs quality of life. The tissue destruction during periodontitis is mainly caused by the excessive immune-inflammatory response; hence, how to modulate the host's reaction is of profound importance for effective periodontal treatment and tissue protection. Melatonin, as an endogenous hormone exhibiting multiple biological functions such as circadian rhythm regulation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation, has been widely used in general healthcare. Notably, the past few years have witnessed increasing evidence for the application of melatonin as an adjunctive approach in the treatment of periodontitis and periodontitis-related systemic comorbidities. The detailed underlying mechanisms and more verification from clinical practice are still lacking, however, and further investigations are highly required. Importantly, it is essential to establish standard guidelines in the near future for the clinical administration of melatonin for periodontal health and general wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Correspondence:
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Jiao L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Liu Z, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Zhou H, Xu X, Li Z, Liu Z, Yu Z, Nie L, Zhou L, Jiang H. Melatonin improves cardiac remodeling and brain-heart sympathetic hyperactivation aggravated by light disruption after myocardial infarction. J Pineal Res 2022; 73:e12829. [PMID: 36031757 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Light in the external environment might affect cardiovascular function. The light disruption seems to be related to changes in cardiovascular physiological functions, and disturbing light may be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Prior studies have found that light disruption after myocardial infarction (MI) exacerbates cardiac remodeling, and the brain-heart sympathetic nervous system may be one of the key mechanisms. However, how to improve light-disrupted cardiac remodeling remains unclear. Melatonin is an indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland and controlled by endogenous circadian oscillators within the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is closely associated with light/dark cycle. This study aimed to explore whether melatonin could improve light-disrupted cardiac remodeling and modulate the brain-heart sympathetic nervous system. Our study revealed that light disruption reduced serum melatonin levels, aggravated cardiac sympathetic remodeling, caused overactivation of the brain-heart sympathetic nervous system, exacerbated cardiac dysfunction, and increased cardiac fibrosis after MI, while melatonin treatment improved light disruption-exacerbated cardiac remodeling and brain-heart sympathetic hyperactivation after MI. Furthermore, RNA-Seq results revealed the significant changes at the cardiac transcription level. In conclusion, melatonin may be a potential therapy for light-disrupted cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yueyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuyang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Huixin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zeyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhongyang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Liqing Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
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Liu RY, Li L, Zhang ZT, Wu T, Lin S, Zhang XT. Clinical efficacy of melatonin as adjunctive therapy to non-surgical treatment of periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:695-704. [PMID: 35290552 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adjunctive melatonin supplementation on clinical outcomes after non-surgical periodontal treatment. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of melatonin adjuvant therapy for periodontitis from inception until May 2021. The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered on The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42021250630). The risk of bias of included studies was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The pooled effect estimates were calculated by a random-effects model, and results were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD). RESULTS Seven RCTs comprising 412 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that adjuvant use of melatonin for non-surgical periodontal treatment significantly improved the probing depth (PD) [WMD = - 1.18, 95% CI (- 1.75, - 0.62) I2 = 85.7%], clinical attachment loss (CAL) [WMD = - 1.16, 95% CI (- 1.60, - 0.72) I2 = 76.7%] and gingival index (WMD = - 0.29, 95%CI [- 0.48, - 0.11], I2 = 63.6%) compared with non-surgical treatment alone. In addition, subgroup analysis showed that higher doses of melatonin (3-10 mg) significantly improved PD [WMD = - 1.32, 95%CI (- 2.31, - 0.15) I2 = 93%] and CAL [WMD = - 1.30, 95%CI (- 1.80, - 0.81) I2 = 73.7%] compared with lower doses of melatonin (< 3 mg). CONCLUSIONS We found that adjunctive melatonin supplementation can significantly improve the periodontal status after non-surgical treatment, suggesting that melatonin may be a new adjuvant therapy for periodontitis when non-surgical periodontal treatment alone cannot achieve the desired improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Yue Liu
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Li
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhong-Ti Zhang
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Ting Wu
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Lin
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu-Tong Zhang
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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COVID-19 Pandemic and Periodontal Practice: The Immunological, Clinical, and Economic Points of View. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3918980. [PMID: 35047633 PMCID: PMC8763038 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3918980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The recent global health problem, COVID-19, has had far-reaching impacts on lifestyles. Although many effective WHO-approved vaccines have been produced that have reduced the spread and severity of the disease, it appears to persist in humans for a long time and possibly forever as everyday it turns out to have new mutations. COVID-19 involves the lungs and other organs primarily through cytokine storms, which have been implicated in many other inflammatory disorders, including periodontal diseases. COVID-19 is in a close association with dental and periodontal practice from two respects: first, repeated mandatory lockdowns have reduced patient referrals to dentists and limited the dental and periodontal procedures to emergency treatments, whereas it is important to recognize the oral manifestations of COVID-19 as well as the influence of oral and periodontal disease on the severity of COVID-19. Second, dentistry is one of the high-risk professions in terms of close contact with unmasked individuals, necessitating redefining the principles of infection control. The pressures of the economic recession on patients as well as dentists add to the difficulty of resuming elective dental services. Therefore, this study is divided into two parts corresponding to what mentioned above: the first part examines the clinical and immunological associations between COVID-19 and periodontal and oral diseases, and the second part delineates the measures needed to control the disease transmission in dental clinics as well as the economic impact of the pandemic era on dental services.
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Kose O, Altin A, Kurt Bayrakdar S, Bostan SA, Mercantepe T, Akyildiz K, Tumkaya L, Yilmaz A, Kose S, Yemenoglu H, Turker Sener L, Kuluslu G. Influences of periodontitis on hippocampal inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rats. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:1154-1162. [PMID: 34486732 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The hippocampus, which has a central role in cognitive and behavioral activities, is one of the most sensitive parts of the brain to systemic inflammatory diseases. This animal study aims to comprehensively investigate the possible inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic effects of periodontitis on the hippocampus. METHODS Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups: control and experimental periodontitis (Ep). In the Ep group, periodontitis was induced by placing 3.0 sutures sub-paramarginally around the necks of right and left mandibular first molars and maintaining the ligatures in place for 5 weeks. Following the euthanasia, mandibula and hippocampus samples were collected bilaterally. Alveolar bone loss was measured histomorphometrically and radiologically on the right and left mandibles. On the right hippocampal sections histological (Caspase-3, TNF-α, and 8-OHdG) and the left hippocampal sections, biochemical (IL-1β, Aβ1-42 , MDA, GSH, and TAS levels) evaluations were performed. RESULTS Histopathological changes associated with periodontitis were limited (p > .05). A slight increase in caspase-3 positive neuron density in EP rats showed that apoptotic changes were also limited (p > .05). 8-OHdG activity, on the other hand, was significantly higher compared to controls (p < .05). In biochemical analysis, there was a significant increase in IL-1β levels and oxidative membrane damage (MDA) (p < .05) whereas Aβ1-42 and antioxidant marker (GSH and TAS) levels were slightly increased (p > .05). CONCLUSION Periodontitis causes marked increases in IL-1β levels and oxidative stress in the hippocampus, but limited degenerative and apoptotic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuz Kose
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sevda Kurt Bayrakdar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Semih Alperen Bostan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Kerimali Akyildiz
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, School of Health Care Services Vocational, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sefanur Kose
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yemenoglu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Leyla Turker Sener
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Göker Kuluslu
- 3D Medical and Industrial Design Laboratory, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kurt-Bayrakdar S, Kose O, Altin A, Akyildiz K, Mercantepe T, Bostan SA, Kose TE, Tumkaya L, Yilmaz A. Periodontitis exacerbates the renal degenerative effects of obesity in rats. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:1058-1069. [PMID: 34328646 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity and periodontitis are systemic subclinical inflammatory diseases with established negative renal effects. The aim of this animal study was to thoroughly investigate the possible effects of these two diseases on renal structure and function. METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control (C), obesity (Ob), experimental periodontitis (Ep), and Ob + Ep. The first 16 weeks of the experiment were aimed for the induction of obesity and the last 5 weeks for the induction of periodontitis. Throughout the experimental period, the C and Ep groups were fed standard rat chow, while the Ob groups (Ob and Ob + Ep) were fed high-fat rat chow. Right after the establishment of obesity, periodontal tissue destruction was achieved by placing 3.0 silk sutures in sub-paramarginal position around the cervices of mandibular right-left first molar teeth and preserving them for 5 weeks. On the last day of the 22nd week, following blood collection, all rats were euthanized, and kidneys and mandibles were collected. Alveolar bone loss was measured on microcomputed tomographic slices. Histopathological evaluations (light microscopy, semi-quantitative analysis of renal corpuscle area, and immunohistochemical analysis of caspase-3 activity) were done on right kidneys and biochemical evaluations (malonyl-aldehyde [MDA], glutathione [GSH], total oxidant status [TOS], total antioxidant status [TAS], oxidative stress [OSI], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-8, MMP-9, and cathepsin D [CtD] levels) were done on left kidneys. Renal functional status was evaluated with levels of serum creatinine, urea, and cystatin C. RESULTS Periodontal bone loss was significantly higher in the Ep and Ob + Ep groups, compared with the C and Ob groups (p < .05). All parameters except TAS and GSH were highest in the Ob + Ep group, and the differences were statistically significant compared with the control group (p < .05). Although the mean TAS and GSH levels were lower in the Ob + Ep group than the other groups, the differences were not statistically significant (p > .05). While the atypical glomeruli score was significantly higher in the Ob + Ep group than in all other groups (p < .05), the acute tubular necrosis and histopathological scores were significantly different only compared with the control group (p < .05). CONCLUSION This experimental study showed that the negative effects of the co-existence of periodontitis and obesity on inflammatory stress and apoptotic changes in the kidneys together with the functional parameters were significantly more severe, compared with the presence of one of these diseases alone. TNF-α could have a central role in the periodontitis and obesity-related structural and functional renal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Kurt-Bayrakdar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Kose
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Kerimali Akyildiz
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, School of Health Care Services Vocational, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Semih Alperen Bostan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Taha Emre Kose
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Şehirli AÖ, Aksoy U, Koca-Ünsal RB, Sayıner S. Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in COVID-19 and periodontitis: Possible protective effect of melatonin. Med Hypotheses 2021; 151:110588. [PMID: 33848919 PMCID: PMC8007534 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Daily new information emerges regarding the COVID-19, infection of SARS-CoV-2, which is considered a global pandemic. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) are required to complete the viral invasion pathway and are present in the oral mucosa, gingiva and periodontal pocket. Thus, increasing the likelihood of periodontitis and gingivitis caused by COVID-19. The cytokine storm during COVID-19 similarly arises during periodontal inflammation. Studies have reported that NOD-Like Receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is significant in the cytokine storm. Recently, the course of the COVID-19 has been related to the melatonin levels in both COVID-19 and periodontal diseases. It is known that melatonin prevents the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. In light of these findings, we think that melatonin treatment during COVID-19 or periodontal diseases may prevent the damage seen in periodontal tissues by preventing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Özer Şehirli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus
| | - Umut Aksoy
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus
| | - Revan Birke Koca-Ünsal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia 99320, Cyprus.
| | - Serkan Sayıner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus; Animal Hospital, Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus
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Isola G, Polizzi A, Ronsivalle V, Alibrandi A, Palazzo G, Lo Giudice A. Impact of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 during Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061777. [PMID: 33810003 PMCID: PMC8004886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been shown to play a key role in endothelial function and perhaps pivotal in the correlation between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD). For the study, the impact of MMP-9 of periodontitis and CVD on serum and saliva concentrations was analyzed. For the study patients with periodontitis (n = 31), CVD (n = 31), periodontitis + CVD (n = 31), and healthy patients (n = 31) were enrolled. Clinical and demographic characteristics as well as serum and salivary MMP-9 were evaluated. MMP-9 concentrations in serum and saliva were statistically elevated in patients with CVD (p < 0.01) and in patients with periodontitis plus CVD (p < 0.001) compared to patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects. Multivariate regression analysis showed that c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was the only significant predictor for MMP-9 serum (p < 0.001), whereas hs-CRP (p < 0.001) and total cholesterol (p = 0.029) were the statistically significant salivary MMP-9 predictors. This study evidenced that patients with CVD and periodontitis + CVD presented elevated MMP-9 concentrations in serum and saliva compared to patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects. Furthermore, hs-CRP was a negative predictor of serum and salivary MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (V.R.); (G.P.); (A.L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-378-2453
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (V.R.); (G.P.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Ronsivalle
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (V.R.); (G.P.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economical, Business and Environmental Sciences and Quantitative Methods, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Palazzo
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (V.R.); (G.P.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (V.R.); (G.P.); (A.L.G.)
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