1
|
Kim S, Thuy LT, Lee J, Choi JS. Second-Generation Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Conjugated with Oligopeptides Can Enhance Plasmid DNA Delivery In Vitro. Molecules 2023; 28:7644. [PMID: 38005366 PMCID: PMC10674462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers have attracted considerable attention in the field of gene therapy due to their flexibility in introducing different functional moieties and reduced toxicity at low generations. However, their transfection efficiency remains a limitation. Therefore, an essential approach for improving their transfection efficiency as gene carriers involves modifying the structure of PAMAM by conjugating functional groups around their surface. In this study, we successfully conjugated an RRHRH oligopeptide to the surface of PAMAM generation 2 (PAMAM G2) to create RRHRH-PAMAM G2. This construction aims to condense plasmid DNA (pDNA) and facilitate its penetration into cell membranes, leading to its promising potential for gene therapy. RRHRH-PAMAM G2/pDNA complexes were smaller than 100 nm and positively charged. Nano-polyplexes can enter the cell and show a high transfection efficiency after 24 h of transfection. The RRHRH-PAMAM G2 was non-toxic to HeLa, NIH3T3, A549, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. These results strongly suggest that RRHRH-PAMAM G2 holds promise as a gene carrier for gene therapy owing to its biocompatibility and ability to deliver genes to the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joon Sig Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (L.T.T.); (J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yadav K, Sahu KK, Sucheta, Gnanakani SPE, Sure P, Vijayalakshmi R, Sundar VD, Sharma V, Antil R, Jha M, Minz S, Bagchi A, Pradhan M. Biomedical applications of nanomaterials in the advancement of nucleic acid therapy: Mechanistic challenges, delivery strategies, and therapeutic applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124582. [PMID: 37116843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, substantial advancement has been made in nucleic acid (NA)-based therapies. Promising treatments include mRNA, siRNA, miRNA, and anti-sense DNA for treating various clinical disorders by modifying the expression of DNA or RNA. However, their effectiveness is limited due to their concentrated negative charge, instability, large size, and host barriers, which make widespread application difficult. The effective delivery of these medicines requires safe vectors that are efficient & selective while having non-pathogenic qualities; thus, nanomaterials have become an attractive option with promising possibilities despite some potential setbacks. Nanomaterials possess ideal characteristics, allowing them to be tuned into functional bio-entity capable of targeted delivery. In this review, current breakthroughs in the non-viral strategy of delivering NAs are discussed with the goal of overcoming challenges that would otherwise be experienced by therapeutics. It offers insight into a wide variety of existing NA-based therapeutic modalities and techniques. In addition to this, it provides a rationale for the use of non-viral vectors and a variety of nanomaterials to accomplish efficient gene therapy. Further, it discusses the potential for biomedical application of nanomaterials-based gene therapy in various conditions, such as cancer therapy, tissue engineering, neurological disorders, and infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Yadav
- Raipur Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sarona, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Kantrol Kumar Sahu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Sucheta
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K. R. Mangalam University, Gurugram, Haryana 122103, India
| | | | - Pavani Sure
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vignan Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - R Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GIET School of Pharmacy, Chaitanya Knowledge City, Rajahmundry, AP 533296, India
| | - V D Sundar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, GIET School of Pharmacy, Chaitanya Knowledge City, Rajahmundry, AP 533296, India
| | - Versha Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, M.P. 470003, India
| | - Ruchita Antil
- Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Megha Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, M.P. 470003, India
| | - Sunita Minz
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, M.P., 484887, India
| | - Anindya Bagchi
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peptides as a material platform for gene delivery: Emerging concepts and converging technologies. Acta Biomater 2020; 117:40-59. [PMID: 32966922 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful gene therapies rely on methods that safely introduce DNA into target cells and enable subsequent expression of proteins. To that end, peptides are an attractive materials platform for DNA delivery, facilitating condensation into nanoparticles, delivery into cells, and subcellular release to enable protein expression. Peptides are programmable materials that can be designed to address biocompatibility, stability, and subcellular barriers that limit efficiency of non-viral gene delivery systems. This review focuses on fundamental structure-function relationships regarding peptide design and their impact on nanoparticle physical properties, biologic activity, and biocompatibility. Recent peptide technologies utilize multi-dimensional structures, non-natural chemistries, and combinations of peptides with lipids to achieve desired properties and efficient transfection. Advances in DNA cargo design are also presented to highlight further opportunities for peptide-based gene delivery. Modern DNA designs enable prolonged expression compared to traditional plasmids, providing an additional component that can be synergized with peptide carriers for improved transfection. Peptide transfection systems are poised to become a flexible and efficient platform incorporating new chemistries, functionalities, and improved DNA cargos to usher in a new era of gene therapy.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ohta Y, Abe Y, Hoka K, Baba E, Lee YP, Dai CA, Yokozawa T. Synthesis of amphiphilic, Janus diblock hyperbranched copolyamides and their self-assembly in water. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01419a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An amphiphilic, Janus diblock hyperbranched copolyamide was synthesized by the condensation reaction, and the morphologies of aggregates in water were changed from spherical to dendritic-like structures via cylindrical-like structures in response to increasing temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ohta
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686
- Japan
| | - Yuji Abe
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686
- Japan
| | - Kenta Hoka
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686
- Japan
| | - Eisuke Baba
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686
- Japan
| | - Yu-Ping Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Chi-An Dai
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Tsutomu Yokozawa
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thornalley KA, Laurini E, Pricl S, Smith DK. Enantiomeric and Diastereomeric Self‐Assembled Multivalent Nanostructures: Understanding the Effects of Chirality on Binding to Polyanionic Heparin and DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Laurini
- Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory Department of Engineering and Architectures (DEA) University of Trieste 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory Department of Engineering and Architectures (DEA) University of Trieste 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - David K. Smith
- Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thornalley KA, Laurini E, Pricl S, Smith DK. Enantiomeric and Diastereomeric Self‐Assembled Multivalent Nanostructures: Understanding the Effects of Chirality on Binding to Polyanionic Heparin and DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8530-8534. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Laurini
- Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory Department of Engineering and Architectures (DEA) University of Trieste 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory Department of Engineering and Architectures (DEA) University of Trieste 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - David K. Smith
- Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bugno J, Hsu HJ, Hong S. Tweaking dendrimers and dendritic nanoparticles for controlled nano-bio interactions: potential nanocarriers for improved cancer targeting. J Drug Target 2016; 23:642-50. [PMID: 26453160 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1052077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have shown great promise in the treatment of cancer, with a demonstrated potential in targeted drug delivery. Among a myriad of nanocarriers that have been recently developed, dendrimers have attracted a great deal of scientific interests due to their unique chemical and structural properties that allow for precise engineering of their characteristics. Despite this, the clinical translation of dendrimers has been hindered due to their drawbacks, such as scale-up issues, rapid systemic elimination, inefficient tumor accumulation and limited drug loading. In order to overcome these limitations, a series of reengineered dendrimers have been recently introduced using various approaches, including: (i) modifications of structure and surfaces; (ii) integration with linear polymers and (iii) hybridization with other types of nanocarriers. Chemical modifications and surface engineering have tailored dendrimers to improve their pharmacokinetics and tissue permeation. Copolymerization of dendritic polymers with linear polymers has resulted in various amphiphilic copolymers with self-assembly capabilities and improved drug loading efficiencies. Hybridization with other nanocarriers integrates advantageous characteristics of both systems, which includes prolonged plasma circulation times and enhanced tumor targeting. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the newly emerging drug delivery systems that involve reengineering of dendrimers in an effort to precisely control their nano-bio interactions, mitigating their inherent weaknesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bugno
- a Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois , Chicago , IL , USA and
| | - Hao-Jui Hsu
- a Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois , Chicago , IL , USA and
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- a Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois , Chicago , IL , USA and.,b Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Underwood International College, Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cai X, Jin R, Wang J, Yue D, Jiang Q, Wu Y, Gu Z. Bioreducible Fluorinated Peptide Dendrimers Capable of Circumventing Various Physiological Barriers for Highly Efficient and Safe Gene Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:5821-5832. [PMID: 26887907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric vectors have shown great promise in the development of safe and efficient gene delivery systems; however, only a few have been developed in clinical settings due to poor transport across multiple physiological barriers. To address this issue and promote clinical translocation of polymeric vectors, a new type of polymeric vector, bioreducible fluorinated peptide dendrimers (BFPDs), was designed and synthesized by reversible cross-linking of fluorinated low generation peptide dendrimers. Through masterly integration all of the features of reversible cross-linking, fluorination, and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) core-based peptide dendrimers, this novel vector exhibited lots of unique features, including (i) inactive surface to resist protein interactions; (ii) virus-mimicking surface topography to augment cellular uptake; (iii) fluorination-mediated efficient cellular uptake, endosome escape, cytoplasm trafficking, and nuclear entry, and (iv) disulfide-cleavage-mediated polyplex disassembly and DNA release that allows efficient DNA transcription. Noteworthy, all of these features are functionally important and can synergistically facilitate DNA transport from solution to the nucleus. As a consequences, BFPDs showed excellent gene transfection efficiency in several cell lines (∼95% in HEK293 cells) and superior biocompatibility compared with polyethylenimine (PEI). Meanwhile BFPDs provided excellent serum resistance in gene delivery. More importantly, BFPDs offer considerable in vivo gene transfection efficiency (in muscular tissues and in HepG2 tumor xenografts), which was approximately 77-fold higher than that of PEI in luciferase activity. These results suggest bioreducible fluorinated peptide dendrimers are a new class of highly efficient and safe gene delivery vectors and should be used in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Dong Yue
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qian Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tschiche A, Thota BNS, Neumann F, Schäfer A, Ma N, Haag R. Crosslinked Redox-Responsive Micelles Based on Lipoic Acid-Derived Amphiphiles for Enhanced siRNA Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:811-23. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Tschiche
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Bala N. S. Thota
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Falko Neumann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Andreas Schäfer
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 Berlin 14195 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
In this article, advances in designing polymeric nanoparticles for targeted cancer gene therapy are reviewed. Characterization and evaluation of biomaterials, targeting ligands, and transcriptional elements are each discussed. Advances in biomaterials have driven improvements to nanoparticle stability and tissue targeting, conjugation of ligands to the surface of polymeric nanoparticles enable binding to specific cancer cells, and the design of transcriptional elements has enabled selective DNA expression specific to the cancer cells. Together, these features have improved the performance of polymeric nanoparticles as targeted non-viral gene delivery vectors to treat cancer. As polymeric nanoparticles can be designed to be biodegradable, non-toxic, and to have reduced immunogenicity and tumorigenicity compared to viral platforms, they have significant potential for clinical use. Results of polymeric gene therapy in clinical trials and future directions for the engineering of nanoparticle systems for targeted cancer gene therapy are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David R. Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Camila G. Zamboni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rosli N, Christie MP, Moyle PM, Toth I. Peptide based DNA nanocarriers incorporating a cell-penetrating peptide derived from neurturin protein and poly-l-lysine dendrons. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2470-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Li J, Crowley ST, Duskey J, Khargharia S, Wu M, Rice KG. Miniaturization of gene transfection assays in 384- and 1536-well microplates. Anal Biochem 2015; 470:14-21. [PMID: 25448623 PMCID: PMC4601643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The miniaturization of gene transfer assays to either 384- or 1536-well plates greatly economizes the expense and allows much higher throughput when transfecting immortalized and primary cells compared with more conventional 96-well assays. To validate the approach, luciferase and green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene transfer assays were developed to determine the influence of cell seeding number, transfection reagent to DNA ratios, transfection time, DNA dose, and luciferin dose on linearity and sensitivity. HepG2, CHO, and NIH 3T3 cells were transfected with polyethylenimine (PEI)-DNA in both 384- and 1536-well plates. The results established optimal transfection parameters in 384-well plates in a total assay volume of 35μl and in 1536-well plates in a total assay volume of 8μl. A luciferase assay performed in 384-well plates produced a Z' score of 0.53, making it acceptable for high-throughput screening. Primary hepatocytes were harvested from mouse liver and transfected with PEI DNA and calcium phosphate DNA nanoparticles in 384-well plates. Optimal transfection of primary hepatocytes was achieved on as few as 250cellsperwell in 384-well plates, with CaPO4 proving to be 10-fold more potent than PEI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Samuel T Crowley
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jason Duskey
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sanjib Khargharia
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Meng Wu
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; University of Iowa High Throughput Screening Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kevin G Rice
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tschiche A, Malhotra S, Haag R. Nonviral gene delivery with dendritic self-assembling architectures. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:667-93. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we outline the concept and applicability of self-assembling dendrimers for gene-delivery applications. Low-molecular-weight, well-defined cationic dendritic arrays which have been modified with hydrophobic domains can form self-organized multivalent systems that have significant advantages over nonassembling, high-molecular-weight/polymeric gene vectors. Particular structural variations have been highlighted with respect to the individual components of the displayed dendritic amphiphiles, namely, the employed amine termini, the hydrophobic segment, the size of the dendritic array, and the integration of special features such as targeting ability and cleavability/degradability, which can all have a crucial effect on gene-transfection efficiencies. Accordingly, the scientific efforts to create new synthetic gene-delivery vectors to act as promising in vivo transfection agents in the future will be presented and discussed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Tschiche
- Institute of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shashwat Malhotra
- Institute of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Luo K, He B, Wu Y, Shen Y, Gu Z. Functional and biodegradable dendritic macromolecules with controlled architectures as nontoxic and efficient nanoscale gene vectors. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:818-30. [PMID: 24389086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has provided great potential to revolutionize the treatment of many diseases. This therapy is strongly relied on whether a delivery vector efficiently and safely directs the therapeutic genes into the target tissue/cells. Nonviral gene delivery vectors have been emerging as a realistic alternative to the use of viral analogs with the potential of a clinically relevant output. Dendritic polymers were employed as nonviral vectors due to their branched and layered architectures, globular shape and multivalent groups on their surface, showing promise in gene delivery. In the present review, we try to bring out the recent trend of studies on functional and biodegradable dendritic polymers as nontoxic and efficient gene delivery vectors. By regulating dendritic polymer design and preparation, together with recent progress in the design of biodegradable polymers, it is possible to precisely manipulate their architectures, molecular weight and chemical composition, resulting in predictable tuning of their biocompatibility as well as gene transfection activities. The multifunctional and biodegradable dendritic polymers possessing the desirable characteristics are expected to overcome extra- and intracellular obstacles, and as efficient and nontoxic gene delivery vectors to move into the clinical arena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Center for Bionanoengineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nazemi A, Gillies ER. Dendrimersomes with photodegradable membranes for triggered release of hydrophilic and hydrophobic cargo. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11122-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05161k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic Janus dendrimers with fully photodegradable hydrophobic blocks were synthesized and assembled into dendrimersomes in water. Irradiation with UV light triggered the release of hydrophobic and hydrophilic cargo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nazemi
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- The University of Western Ontario
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Barnard A, Posocco P, Fermeglia M, Tschiche A, Calderon M, Pricl S, Smith DK. Double-degradable responsive self-assembled multivalent arrays--temporary nanoscale recognition between dendrons and DNA. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 12:446-55. [PMID: 24263553 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42202j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This article reports self-assembling dendrons which bind DNA in a multivalent manner. The molecular design directly impacts on self-assembly which subsequently controls the way these multivalent nanostructures bind DNA--this can be simulated by multiscale modelling. Incorporation of an S-S linkage between the multivalent hydrophilic dendron and the hydrophobic units responsible for self-assembly allows these structures to undergo triggered reductive cleavage, with dithiothreitol (DTT) inducing controlled breakdown, enabling the release of bound DNA. As such, the high-affinity self-assembled multivalent binding is temporary. Furthermore, because the multivalent dendrons are constructed from esters, a second slow degradation step causes further breakdown of these structures. This two-step double-degradation mechanism converts a large self-assembling unit with high affinity for DNA into small units with no measurable binding affinity--demonstrating the advantage of self-assembled multivalency (SAMul) in achieving highly responsive nanoscale binding of biological targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barnard
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Algarra M, Campos BB, Alonso B, Casado CM, Esteves da Silva JC, Benavente J. Inclusion of thiol DAB dendrimer/CdSe quantum dots based in a membrane structure: Surface and bulk membrane modification. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.10.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
de la Fuente M, Raviña M, Sousa-Herves A, Correa J, Riguera R, Fernandez-Megia E, Sánchez A, Alonso MJ. Exploring the efficiency of gallic acid-based dendrimers and their block copolymers with PEG as gene carriers. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1667-81. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a new family of amino-functionalized gallic acid-triethylene glycol (GATG) dendrimers and their block copolymers with polyethylene glycol (PEG) has recently being disclosed. In addition, these dendrimers have shown potential for gene delivery applications, as they efficiently complex nucleic acids and form small and homogeneous dendriplexes. On this basis, the present study aimed to explore the interaction of the engineered dendriplexes with blood components, as well as their stability, cytotoxicity and ability to enter and transfect mammalian cells. Results show that GATG dendrimers can form stable dendriplexes, protect the associated pDNA from degradation, and are biocompatible with HEK-293T cells and erythrocytes. More importantly, dendriplexes are effectively internalized by HEK-293T cells, which are successfully transfected. Besides, PEGylation has a marked influence on the properties of the resulting dendriplexes. While PEGylated GATG dendrimers have improved biocompatibility, the long PEG chains limit their uptake by HEK-293T cells, and thus, their ability to transfect them. As a consequence, the degree of PEGylation in dendriplexes containing dendrimer/block copolymer mixtures emerges as an important parameter to be modulated in order to obtain an optimized stealth formulation able to effectively induce the expression of the encoded protein. Original submitted 29 November 2011; Revised submitted 8 March 2012; Published online 20 July 2012
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María de la Fuente
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuela Raviña
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Sousa-Herves
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Research in Biological Chemistry & Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Correa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Research in Biological Chemistry & Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ricardo Riguera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Research in Biological Chemistry & Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernandez-Megia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Research in Biological Chemistry & Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Molecular Image Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria – Clinical Research Institute – of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Spain
| | - María José Alonso
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Malhotra S, Bauer H, Tschiche A, Staedtler AM, Mohr A, Calderón M, Parmar VS, Hoeke L, Sharbati S, Einspanier R, Haag R. Glycine-Terminated Dendritic Amphiphiles for Nonviral Gene Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3087-98. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300892v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shashwat Malhotra
- Institut für
Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Hannah Bauer
- Institute of Veterinary
Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - Ariane Tschiche
- Institut für
Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Staedtler
- Institut für
Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Andreas Mohr
- Institut für
Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Institut für
Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Virinder S. Parmar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Lena Hoeke
- Institute of Veterinary
Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - Soroush Sharbati
- Institute of Veterinary
Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary
Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für
Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yu T, Liu X, Bolcato‐Bellemin A, Wang Y, Liu C, Erbacher P, Qu F, Rocchi P, Behr J, Peng L. An Amphiphilic Dendrimer for Effective Delivery of Small Interfering RNA and Gene Silencing In Vitro and In Vivo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan (China)
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CINaM CNRS UMR 7325, Aix‐Marseille Université, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille (France)
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan (China)
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli‐Calmettes, Aix‐Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille (France)
| | | | - Yang Wang
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CINaM CNRS UMR 7325, Aix‐Marseille Université, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille (France)
| | | | - Patrick Erbacher
- Polyplus‐transfection SA, Bioparc, Boulevard S. Brandt, BP90018, 67401 Illkirch (France)
| | - Fanqi Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan (China)
| | - Palma Rocchi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli‐Calmettes, Aix‐Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille (France)
| | - Jean‐Paul Behr
- Laboratoire de Chimie Génétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7199, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch (France)
| | - Ling Peng
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CINaM CNRS UMR 7325, Aix‐Marseille Université, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille (France)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu T, Liu X, Bolcato‐Bellemin A, Wang Y, Liu C, Erbacher P, Qu F, Rocchi P, Behr J, Peng L. An Amphiphilic Dendrimer for Effective Delivery of Small Interfering RNA and Gene Silencing In Vitro and In Vivo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8478-84. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan (China)
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CINaM CNRS UMR 7325, Aix‐Marseille Université, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille (France)
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan (China)
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli‐Calmettes, Aix‐Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille (France)
| | | | - Yang Wang
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CINaM CNRS UMR 7325, Aix‐Marseille Université, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille (France)
| | | | - Patrick Erbacher
- Polyplus‐transfection SA, Bioparc, Boulevard S. Brandt, BP90018, 67401 Illkirch (France)
| | - Fanqi Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan (China)
| | - Palma Rocchi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli‐Calmettes, Aix‐Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille (France)
| | - Jean‐Paul Behr
- Laboratoire de Chimie Génétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7199, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch (France)
| | - Ling Peng
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CINaM CNRS UMR 7325, Aix‐Marseille Université, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille (France)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
"Targeting" nanoparticles: the constraints of physical laws and physical barriers. J Control Release 2012; 164:115-24. [PMID: 22484196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In comparison to the complexities of the body, its organs, its normal and aberrant cells, many nanoparticles will appear to be relatively simple objects. This view is deceptive because the physicochemical properties of nanosystems, although quite well understood on the basis of material science, surface science and colloid theory, are far from simple in practice. While their properties are largely controllable in vitro, often purportedly "designed", their administration by any route changing environments conspires to produce additional layers of complexity. Some of the key physical laws and physicochemical parameters governing the fate of nanoparticles on their journey from point of intravenous administration to desired destinations such as tumors are discussed. Much of the science relevant to nanocarrier based targeting has been elaborated in studying purely physical phenomena, but there can be found therein many analogies with biological systems. These include factors that impede quantitative targeting: diffusion in complex media, aggregation and flocculation, hindered behavior of particles in confined spaces, jamming and dispersion in flow. All of these have the ability to influence fate and destination. Most of the critical processes are particle size dependent but not always linearly so. Virtually all processes in vivo involve an element of probability. Particle size and properties can be controlled to a large extent, but stochastic processes cannot by definition. Progress has been made, but the quantitative delivery of a nanocarrier to defined sites in tumors is neither inevitable nor yet predictable.
Collapse
|
24
|
Caminade AM, Laurent R, Delavaux-Nicot B, Majoral JP. “Janus” dendrimers: syntheses and properties. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20458k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
25
|
Barnard A, Posocco P, Pricl S, Calderon M, Haag R, Hwang ME, Shum VWT, Pack DW, Smith DK. Degradable Self-Assembling Dendrons for Gene Delivery: Experimental and Theoretical Insights into the Barriers to Cellular Uptake. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:20288-300. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2070736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barnard
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Paola Posocco
- Molecular Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering and Information Technology (DI3), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering and Information Technology (DI3), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcelo Calderon
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark E. Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Victor W. T. Shum
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Daniel W. Pack
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David K. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jones SP, Gabrielson NP, Wong CH, Chow HF, Pack DW, Posocco P, Fermeglia M, Pricl S, Smith DK. Hydrophobically modified dendrons: developing structure-activity relationships for DNA binding and gene transfection. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:416-29. [PMID: 21291280 DOI: 10.1021/mp100260c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper develops a structure-activity relationship understanding of the way in which surfactant-like dendrons with hydrophilic spermine surface groups and a variety of lipophilic units at their focal points can self-assemble and subsequently bind to DNA with high affinity. The choice of functional group at the focal point of the dendron and the high tunability of the molecular structure have a very significant impact on DNA binding. Mesoscale modeling of the mode of dendron self-assembly provides a direct insight into how the mode of self-assembly exerts its effect on the DNA binding process. In particular, the hydrophobic unit controls the number of dendrons in the self-assembled micellar structures, and hence their diameters and surface charge density. The DNA binding affinity correlates with the surface charge density of the dendron aggregates. Furthermore, these structure-activity effects can also be extended to cellular gene delivery, as surface charge density plays a role in controlling the extent of endosomal escape. It is reported that higher generation dendrons, although binding DNA less strongly than the self-assembling lower generation dendrons, are more effective for transfection. The impact of the lipophilic group at the focal point is less significant for the DNA binding ability of these larger dendrons, which is predominantly controlled by the spermine surface groups, but it does modify the levels of gene transfection. Significant synergistic effects on gene delivery were observed when employing combinations of the dendrons and polyethyleneimine (PEI, 25 kDa), with transfection becoming possible at low loading levels where the two components would not transfect individually, giving practically useful levels of gene delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO105DD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Coles DJ, Esposito A, Chuah HT, Toth I. The synthesis and characterization of lipophilic peptide-based carriers for gene delivery. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
28
|
Simerska P, Moyle PM, Toth I. Modern lipid-, carbohydrate-, and peptide-based delivery systems for peptide, vaccine, and gene products. Med Res Rev 2009; 31:520-47. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
29
|
Pathak Y, Thassu D, Deleers M. Pharmaceutical Applications of Nanoparticulate Drug-Delivery Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420008449.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
|
30
|
Rosen BM, Wilson CJ, Wilson DA, Peterca M, Imam MR, Percec V. Dendron-Mediated Self-Assembly, Disassembly, and Self-Organization of Complex Systems. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6275-540. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900157q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1066] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brad M. Rosen
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Christopher J. Wilson
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Daniela A. Wilson
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Mihai Peterca
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Mohammad R. Imam
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao X, Pan F, Holt CM, Lewis AL, Lu JR. Controlled delivery of antisense oligonucleotides: a brief review of current strategies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:673-86. [PMID: 19552611 DOI: 10.1517/17425240902992894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antisense therapy has been investigated extensively over the past two decades, either experimentally for gene functional research or clinically as therapeutic agents owing to the conceptual simplicity, ease of design and low cost. The concept of this therapeutic approach is promising because short antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can be delivered into target cells for specific hybridisation with target mRNA, resulting in the inhibition of the expression of pathogenic genes. However, the efficient delivery of the ASO molecules into target cells remains challenging; this bottleneck together with several other technical hurdles need to be overcome before this approach becomes effective and widely adopted. A variety of vectors such as lipids, polymers, peptides and nanoparticles have been explored. This review outlines the recent advances of the non-viral ASO delivery strategies. Several recent scientific studies, including authors' contributions, have been selected to highlight the technical aspects of ASO delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiubo Zhao
- University of Manchester, School of Physics and Astronomy, Biological Physics Group, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Hardy JG, Love CS, Gabrielson NP, Pack DW, Smith DK. Synergistic effects on gene delivery – co-formulation of small disulfide-linked dendritic polycations with Lipofectamine 2000™. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:789-93. [DOI: 10.1039/b818469k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Veldhoen S, Laufer SD, Restle T. Recent developments in peptide-based nucleic acid delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:1276-1320. [PMID: 19325804 PMCID: PMC2635728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9071276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that non-viral nucleic acid delivery systems are generally considered to be less efficient than viral vectors, they have gained much interest in recent years due to their superior safety profile compared to their viral counterpart. Among these synthetic vectors are cationic polymers, branched dendrimers, cationic liposomes and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). The latter represent an assortment of fairly unrelated sequences essentially characterised by a high content of basic amino acids and a length of 10–30 residues. CPPs are capable of mediating the cellular uptake of hydrophilic macromolecules like peptides and nucleic acids (e.g. siRNAs, aptamers and antisense-oligonucleotides), which are internalised by cells at a very low rate when applied alone. Up to now, numerous sequences have been reported to show cell-penetrating properties and many of them have been used to successfully transport a variety of different cargos into mammalian cells. In recent years, it has become apparent that endocytosis is a major route of internalisation even though the mechanisms underlying the cellular translocation of CPPs are poorly understood and still subject to controversial discussions. In this review, we will summarise the latest developments in peptide-based cellular delivery of nucleic acid cargos. We will discuss different mechanisms of entry, the intracellular fate of the cargo, correlation studies of uptake versus biological activity of the cargo as well as technical problems and pitfalls.
Collapse
Key Words
- CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopy
- CPP, cell-penetrating peptide
- EIPA, ethylisopropylamiloride
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HEPES, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- LF, Lipofectamine™
- LF2000, Lipofectamine™ 2000
- MAP, model amphipathic peptide
- MEND, multifunctional envelope-type nano device
- NLS, nuclear localisation sequence
- OMe, O-methyl
- PAMAM, polyamidoamine
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PEI, polyethyleneimine
- PMO, phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer
- PNA, peptide nucleic acid
- PTD, protein transduction domains
- RNAi, RNA interference
- SAP, Sweet Arrow Peptide
- STR-R8, stearyl-R8
- TAR, transactivator responsive region
- TFO, triplex forming oligonucleotide
- TLR9, toll-like receptor 9
- TNF, tumour necrosis factor
- TP10, transportan 10
- bPrPp, bovine prion protein derived peptide
- cell-penetrating peptides
- endocytosis
- hCT, human calcitonin
- mPrPp, murine prion protein derived peptide
- miRNA, microRNA
- nucleic acid delivery
- nucleic acid drugs
- siRNA, small inhibitory RNA
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Veldhoen
- Department of Metabolomics, ISAS - Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail:
| | - Sandra D. Laufer
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Restle
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Güven GU, Laçin NT, Pişkin E. Monosize polycationic nanoparticles as non-viral vectors for gene transfer to HeLa cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2008; 2:155-63. [DOI: 10.1002/term.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
37
|
|
38
|
Orberg ML, Schillén K, Nylander T. Dynamic Light Scattering and Fluorescence Study of the Interaction between Double-Stranded DNA and Poly(amido amine) Dendrimers. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:1557-63. [PMID: 17458932 DOI: 10.1021/bm061194z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between a cationic poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer of generation 4 and double-stranded salmon sperm DNA in 10 mM NaBr solution has been investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. The structural parameters of the formed aggregates as well as the complex formation process were studied in dilute solutions. When DNA is mixed with PAMAM dendrimers, it undergoes a transition from a semiflexible coil to a more compact conformation due to the electrostatic interaction present between the cationic dendrimer and the anionic polyelectrolyte. The DLS results reveal that one salmon sperm DNA molecule forms a discrete aggregate in dilute solution with several PAMAM dendrimers with a mean apparent hydrodynamic radius of 50 nm. These discrete complexes coexist with free DNA at low molar ratios of dendrimer to DNA, which shows that cooperativity is present in the complex formation. The formation of the complexes was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis measurements. DNA in the complexes was also found to be significantly more protected against DNase catalyzed digestion compared to free DNA. The number of dendrimers per DNA chain in the complexes was found to be approximately 35 as determined by steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Orberg
- Physical Chemistry 1, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Xu P, Li SY, Li Q, Ren J, Van Kirk EA, Murdoch WJ, Radosz M, Shen Y. Biodegradable cationic polyester as an efficient carrier for gene delivery to neonatal cardiomyocytes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 95:893-903. [PMID: 17001632 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Viral-mediated gene delivery has been explored for the treatment and protection of cardiomyocytes, but so far there is only one report using cationic polymer for gene delivery to cardiomyocytes in spite of many advantages of polymer-mediated gene delivery. In this study, a cationic poly(beta-amino ester) (PDMA) with a degradable backbone and cleavable side chains was synthesized by Michael addition reaction. The toxicity of PDMA to neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (NMCMs) was significantly lower than that of polyethyleneimine (PEI). PDMA formed stable polyplexes with pEGFP. The dissociation of the polyplexes could be triggered by PDMA degradation, and the dissociation time was tunable via the polymer/pEGFP ratio. In vitro transfection showed that PDMA was an effective and low toxic gene delivery carrier for NMCMs. The PDMA/pEGFP polyplexes transfected EGFP gene to NMCMs with about 28% efficiency and caused little death. In contrast, a significant portion of cardiomyocytes cultured with PEI/pEGFP died.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peisheng Xu
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bayele HK, Ramaswamy C, Wilderspin AF, Srai KS, Toth I, Florence AT. Protein transduction by lipidic peptide dendrimers. J Pharm Sci 2006; 95:1227-37. [PMID: 16639724 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the potential of a new family of lipidic peptide dendrimers in protein transduction into cultured cells. Dendrimer-protein interaction was determined by gel retardation assays using purified recombinant protein. To assess intracellular protein delivery, two marker proteins were used: recombinant firefly luciferase and a Cy3-labeled monoclonal antibody to the c-myc proto-oncogene. Protein delivery was determined by luciferase assays and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. While there was minimal delivery of luciferase or antibody in the absence of the dendrimers, the latter increased protein delivery substantially. Luciferase delivery was concentration and cell type-dependent; the efficiency of delivery also varied with the number of terminal amino groups on the dendrimers. In previous reports, we showed that these dendrimers could be used for gene and drug delivery; the data we report herein suggest that they may also be capable of intracellular protein delivery. This finding has important implications for the use of these dendrimers in protein therapeutics and vaccinology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry K Bayele
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
|