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Khan TTS, Sheikh Z, Maleknia S, Oveissi F, Fathi A, Abrams T, Ong HX, Traini D. Intranasal delivery of glucagon-like peptide-1 to the brain for obesity treatment: opportunities and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024:1-21. [PMID: 39086086 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2387110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), approved by the US FDA for obesity treatment, are typically administered subcutaneously, an invasive method leading to suboptimal patient adherence and peripheral side effects. Additionally, this route requires the drug to cross the restrictive blood-brain barrier (BBB), limiting its safety and effectiveness in weight management and cognitive addiction disorders. Delivering the drug intranasally could overcome these drawbacks. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes GLP-1 RAs used as anti-obesity agents, focusing on the intranasal route as a potential pathway to deliver these biomolecules to the brain. It also discusses strategies to overcome challenges associated with nasal delivery. EXPERT OPINION Nose-to-brain (N2B) pathways can address limitations of the subcutaneous route for GLP-1 RAs. However, peptide delivery to the brain is challenging due to nasal physiological barriers and the drug's physicochemical properties. Innovative approaches, such as cell permeation enhancers, mucoadhesive systems, and nanocarriers in nasal formulations, along with efficient drug delivery devices, show promising preclinical results. Despite this, successful preclinical data does not guarantee clinical effectiveness, highlighting the need for comprehensive clinical investigations to optimize formulations and fully utilize the nose-to-brain interface for peptide delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanisha Tabassum Sayka Khan
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zara Sheikh
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Simin Maleknia
- Tetratherix Technology Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Farshad Oveissi
- Tetratherix Technology Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ali Fathi
- Tetratherix Technology Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Terence Abrams
- Tetratherix Technology Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Neurotrophic Factors as Regenerative Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Status, Challenges and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043866. [PMID: 36835277 PMCID: PMC9968045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury (SCI), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are characterized by acute or chronic progressive loss of one or several neuronal subtypes. However, despite their increasing prevalence, little progress has been made in successfully treating these diseases. Research has recently focused on neurotrophic factors (NTFs) as potential regenerative therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discuss the current state of knowledge, challenges, and future perspectives of NTFs with a direct regenerative effect in chronic inflammatory and degenerative disorders. Various systems for delivery of NTFs, such as stem and immune cells, viral vectors, and biomaterials, have been applied to deliver exogenous NTFs to the central nervous system, with promising results. The challenges that currently need to be overcome include the amount of NTFs delivered, the invasiveness of the delivery route, the blood-brain barrier permeability, and the occurrence of side effects. Nevertheless, it is important to continue research and develop standards for clinical applications. In addition to the use of single NTFs, the complexity of chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases may require combination therapies targeting multiple pathways or other possibilities using smaller molecules, such as NTF mimetics, for effective treatment.
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Manni L, Leotta E, Mollica I, Serafino A, Pignataro A, Salvatori I, Conti G, Chiaretti A, Soligo M. Acute intranasal treatment with nerve growth factor limits the onset of traumatic brain injury in young rats. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 36780920 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) comprises a primary injury directly induced by impact, which progresses into a secondary injury leading to neuroinflammation, reactive astrogliosis, and cognitive and motor damage. To date, treatment of TBI consists solely of palliative therapies that do not prevent and/or limit the outcomes of secondary damage and only stabilize the deficits. The neurotrophin, nerve growth factor (NGF), delivered to the brain parenchyma following intranasal application, could be a useful means of limiting or improving the outcomes of the secondary injury, as suggested by pre-clinical and clinical data. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We evaluated the effect of acute intranasal treatment of young (20-postnatal day) rats, with NGF in a TBI model (weight drop/close head), aggravated by hypoxic complications. Immediately after the trauma, rats were intranasally treated with human recombinant NGF (50 μg·kg-1 ), and motor behavioural test, morphometric and biochemical assays were carried out 24 h later. KEY RESULTS Acute intranasal NGF prevented the onset of TBI-induced motor disabilities, and decreased reactive astrogliosis, microglial activation and IL-1β content, which after TBI develops to the same extent in the impact zone and the hypothalamus. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Intranasal application of NGF was effective in decreasing the motor dysfunction and neuroinflammation in the brain of young rats in our model of TBI. This work forms an initial pre-clinical evaluation of the potential of early intranasal NGF treatment in preventing and limiting the disabling outcomes of TBI, a clinical condition that remains one of the unsolved problems of paediatric neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Manni
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Leotta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Ilia Mollica
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Annalucia Serafino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Annabella Pignataro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Illari Salvatori
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Conti
- Intensive Pediatric Therapy and Pediatric Trauma Center, Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Chiaretti
- Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Soligo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
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Intranasal delivery of full-length anti-Nogo-A antibody: A potential alternative route for therapeutic antibodies to central nervous system targets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2200057120. [PMID: 36649432 PMCID: PMC9942809 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200057120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody delivery to the CNS remains a huge hurdle for the clinical application of antibodies targeting a CNS antigen. The blood-brain barrier and blood-CSF barrier restrict access of therapeutic antibodies to their CNS targets in a major way. The very high amounts of therapeutic antibodies that are administered systemically in recent clinical trials to reach CNS targets are barely viable cost-wise for broad, routine applications. Though global CNS delivery of antibodies can be achieved by intrathecal application, these procedures are invasive. A non-invasive method to bring antibodies into the CNS reliably and reproducibly remains an important unmet need in neurology. In the present study, we show that intranasal application of a mouse monoclonal antibody against the neurite growth-inhibiting and plasticity-restricting membrane protein Nogo-A leads to a rapid transfer of significant amounts of antibody to the brain and spinal cord in intact adult rats. Daily intranasal application for 2 wk of anti-Nogo-A antibody enhanced growth and compensatory sprouting of corticofugal projections and functional recovery in rats after large unilateral cortical strokes. These findings are a starting point for clinical translation for a less invasive route of application of therapeutic antibodies to CNS targets for many neurological indications.
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Fihurka O, Aradi S, Sava V, Sanchez-Ramos J. Key Features in the Design and Function of Nanocarriers for Intranasal Administration of Gene Therapy in Huntington Disease. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY AND NANOMATERIALS 2023; 4:55-69. [PMID: 37744989 PMCID: PMC10514752 DOI: 10.33696/nanotechnol.4.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle to fulfilling the therapeutic promise of gene therapies for hereditary brain diseases, such as Huntington' Disease (HD), is the requirement for viral vectors and/or an invasive delivery system (stereotaxic injection into brain or infusion into the intrathecal space). HD is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease for which several clinical trials have demonstrated gene-lowering effects following intrathecal administration. These technical limitations have given impetus to the development of alternative non-invasive delivery systems for gene therapy of brain diseases. The overall objective of this review is to discuss the key features in the design of nanocarriers for intranasal administration of gene-therapy for HD, focusing primarily on our series of published work on the use of nanocarriers for gene therapy. Design and development of nanocarriers packaged with gene-lowering agents represents a significant advance towards non-invasive nose-to-brain delivery of gene therapy for HD and other hereditary brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Fihurka
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, USA
| | - Stephen Aradi
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, USA
| | - Vasyl Sava
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, USA
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6
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Manni L, Conti G, Chiaretti A, Soligo M. Intranasal Delivery of Nerve Growth Factor in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neurotrauma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:754502. [PMID: 34867367 PMCID: PMC8635100 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.754502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the 1980s, the development of a pharmacology based on nerve growth factor (NGF) has been postulated for the therapy of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This hypothesis was based on the rescuing effect of the neurotrophin on the cholinergic phenotype of the basal forebrain neurons, primarily compromised during the development of AD. Subsequently, the use of NGF was put forward to treat a broader spectrum of neurological conditions affecting the central nervous system, such as Parkinson’s disease, degenerative retinopathies, severe brain traumas and neurodevelopmental dysfunctions. While supported by solid rational assumptions, the progress of a pharmacology founded on these hypotheses has been hampered by the difficulty of conveying NGF towards the brain parenchyma without resorting to invasive and risky delivery methods. At the end of the last century, it was shown that NGF administered intranasally to the olfactory epithelium was able to spread into the brain parenchyma. Notably, after such delivery, pharmacologically relevant concentration of exogenous NGF was found in brain areas located at considerable distances from the injection site along the rostral-caudal axis. These observations paved the way for preclinical characterization and clinical trials on the efficacy of intranasal NGF for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and of the consequences of brain trauma. In this review, a summary of the preclinical and clinical studies published to date will be attempted, as well as a discussion about the mechanisms underlying the efficacy and the possible development of the pharmacology based on intranasal conveyance of NGF to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Manni
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Conti
- Department of Emergency, Intensive Pediatric Therapy and Pediatric Trauma Center, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Chiaretti
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Institute of Pediatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Soligo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
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Bahlakeh G, Rahbarghazi R, Mohammadnejad D, Abedelahi A, Karimipour M. Current knowledge and challenges associated with targeted delivery of neurotrophic factors into the central nervous system: focus on available approaches. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:181. [PMID: 34641969 PMCID: PMC8507154 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, numerous basic and clinical studies have been conducted to assess the delivery efficiency of therapeutic agents into the brain and spinal cord parenchyma using several administration routes. Among conventional and in-progress administrative routes, the eligibility of stem cells, viral vectors, and biomaterial systems have been shown in the delivery of NTFs. Despite these manifold advances, the close association between the delivery system and regeneration outcome remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to discuss recent progress in the delivery of these factors and the pros and cons related to each modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozal Bahlakeh
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Daruosh Mohammadnejad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Abedelahi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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8
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Alastra G, Aloe L, Baldassarro VA, Calzà L, Cescatti M, Duskey JT, Focarete ML, Giacomini D, Giardino L, Giraldi V, Lorenzini L, Moretti M, Parmeggiani I, Sannia M, Tosi G. Nerve Growth Factor Biodelivery: A Limiting Step in Moving Toward Extensive Clinical Application? Front Neurosci 2021; 15:695592. [PMID: 34335170 PMCID: PMC8319677 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) was the first-discovered member of the neurotrophin family, a class of bioactive molecules which exerts powerful biological effects on the CNS and other peripheral tissues, not only during development, but also during adulthood. While these molecules have long been regarded as potential drugs to combat acute and chronic neurodegenerative processes, as evidenced by the extensive data on their neuroprotective properties, their clinical application has been hindered by their unexpected side effects, as well as by difficulties in defining appropriate dosing and administration strategies. This paper reviews aspects related to the endogenous production of NGF in healthy and pathological conditions, along with conventional and biomaterial-assisted delivery strategies, in an attempt to clarify the impediments to the clinical application of this powerful molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Alastra
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vito Antonio Baldassarro
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRET Foundation, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Jason Thomas Duskey
- Nanotech Laboratory, TeFarTI Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Giacomini
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- IRET Foundation, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Giraldi
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Irene Parmeggiani
- Nanotech Laboratory, TeFarTI Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Sannia
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Nanotech Laboratory, TeFarTI Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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9
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Fukuda M, Kanazawa T, Iioka S, Oguma T, Iwasa R, Masuoka S, Suzuki N, Kosuge Y, Suzuki T. Quantitative analysis of inulin distribution in the brain focused on nose-to-brain route via olfactory epithelium by reverse esophageal cannulation. J Control Release 2021; 332:493-501. [PMID: 33647429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of intranasal dosing speed and administrating volume of nose-to-brain delivery on candidates for peptide drugs (molecular weight ca. 1-10 kDa). Using inulin as the model molecule of a peptide drug, intranasal administration by cannulation from the airway side through the esophagus was tested in mice. This was done to determine the quantitative distribution levels of the drug in the brain and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). Distribution levels were increased with slower and constant speed (5 μL/min), with higher dosing volume equivalent to nasal volume per body weight in mice (25 μL), and were recorded 0.27% injected dose per gram of tissue (ID/g) in the brain, and 0.24% injected dose per milliliter (ID/mL) in the CSF at 60 min. Then, brain distribution resulting from reverse cannulation was two times more than that of the typical intranasal administration method using a micropipette. In addition, the percentage of inulin estimated to reach the brain via direct transport (%DTP) during reverse cannulation was estimated to be 93%, suggesting that ~95% of the total dose was transferred directly to the brain via the olfactory mucosa. These results show that distribution of the peptide drug in the brain was increased through constant administration at a slow and constant speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Fukuda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanazawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Drug Delivery Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Shingo Iioka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Oguma
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Ryohei Iwasa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Saki Masuoka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Naoto Suzuki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kosuge
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Toyofumi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan.
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Marín-Ramos NI, Thein TZ, Ghaghada KB, Chen TC, Giannotta SL, Hofman FM. miR-18a Inhibits BMP4 and HIF-1α Normalizing Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Circ Res 2020; 127:e210-e231. [PMID: 32755283 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal tangles of vessels where arteries and veins directly connect without intervening capillary nets, increasing the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and stroke. Current treatments are highly invasive and often not feasible. Thus, effective noninvasive treatments are needed. We previously showed that AVM-brain endothelial cells (BECs) secreted higher VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and lower TSP-1 (thrombospondin-1) levels than control BEC; and that microRNA-18a (miR-18a) normalized AVM-BEC function and phenotype, although its mechanism remained unclear. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the mechanism of action and potential clinical application of miR-18a as an effective noninvasive treatment to selectively restore the phenotype and functionality of AVM vasculature. METHODS AND RESULTS The molecular pathways affected by miR-18a in patient-derived BECs and AVM-BECs were determined by Western blot, RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction), ELISA, co-IP, immunostaining, knockdown and overexpression studies, flow cytometry, and luciferase reporter assays. miR-18a was shown to increase TSP-1 and decrease VEGF by reducing PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1/SERPINE1) levels. Furthermore, miR-18a decreased the expression of BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) and HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α), blocking the BMP4/ALK (activin-like kinase) 2/ALK1/ALK5 and Notch signaling pathways. As determined by Boyden chamber assays, miR-18a also reduced the abnormal AVM-BEC invasiveness, which correlated with a decrease in MMP2 (matrix metalloproteinase 2), MMP9, and ADAM10 (ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10) levels. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed that miR-18a reaches the brain following intravenous and intranasal administration. Intranasal co-delivery of miR-18a and NEO100, a good manufacturing practices-quality form of perillyl alcohol, improved the pharmacokinetic profile of miR-18a in the brain without affecting its pharmacological properties. Ultra-high-resolution computed tomography angiography and immunostaining studies in an Mgp-/- AVM mouse model showed that miR-18a decreased abnormal cerebral vasculature and restored the functionality of the bone marrow, lungs, spleen, and liver. CONCLUSIONS miR-18a may have significant clinical value in preventing, reducing, and potentially reversing AVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagore I Marín-Ramos
- Departments of Neurosurgery (N.I.M.-R., T.Z.T., T.C.C., S.L.G.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Thu Zan Thein
- Departments of Neurosurgery (N.I.M.-R., T.Z.T., T.C.C., S.L.G.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Ketan B Ghaghada
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (K.B.G.)
| | - Thomas C Chen
- Departments of Neurosurgery (N.I.M.-R., T.Z.T., T.C.C., S.L.G.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.,Departments of Pathology (T.C.C., F.M.H.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Steven L Giannotta
- Departments of Neurosurgery (N.I.M.-R., T.Z.T., T.C.C., S.L.G.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Florence M Hofman
- Departments of Pathology (T.C.C., F.M.H.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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Chen C, Dong Y, Liu F, Gao C, Ji C, Dang Y, Ma X, Liu Y. A Study of Antidepressant Effect and Mechanism on Intranasal Delivery of BDNF-HA2TAT/AAV to Rats with Post-Stroke Depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:637-649. [PMID: 32184603 PMCID: PMC7061423 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s227598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most frequent neuropsychiatric disorders associated with stroke characterized by depression. The neuroplasticity hypothesis postulates that loss of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a major role in pathophysiology of PSD, and restoration of it may represent a critical mechanism underlying antidepressant efficacy. METHODS In previous studies, we designed a new fusion gene, HA2TAT-BDNF, and cloned it into adenovirus associated virus (AAV) to construct the BDNF-HA2TAT/AAV for the delivery of BDNF to central nervous system (CNS) via nose-brain pathway. In this study, we used it to explore the antidepressant effects on PSD rats through behavioral and various histological methods, and try to find out its specific mechanism. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the PSD+AAV group showed decreased sucrose consumption percentage in the sucrose preference test (SPT) (P < 0.001) and prolonged immobility in the forced swimming test (FST) (P=0.000). However, the nasal administration of BDNF-HA2TAT/AAV reversed results of these two behavioral tests (P>0.05, P >0.05), showing an adequate antidepressant effect. Compared with the control group, the concentrations of BDNF mRNA and protein in the hippocampus (P< 0.05, P < 0.01) and prefrontal cortex (P < 0.01, P < 0.01) of PSD rats both decreased. Increased BDNF mRNA and protein expression was observed in the prefrontal cortex (P > 0.05, P < 0.05), without notable change in the hippocampus (P < 0.05, P < 0.001) of PSD+BDNF rats. CONCLUSION These results suggest that BDNF reductions in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus are associated with the development of post-stroke depression, and that increased levels of BDNF in the prefrontal cortex could be used as a therapeutic target to treat PSD. However, the exact mechanism of BDNF action remains unclear in this regard, hindering the wider application of our method. We expect that our research could facilitate the exploration of pathogenesis and the new treatment method of PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengge Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Ji
- The Hospital of Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Dang
- College of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiancang Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- The Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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12
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Transfersomal nanovesicles for nose-to-brain delivery of ofloxacin for better management of bacterial meningitis: Formulation, optimization by Box-Behnken design, characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Tonda-Turo C, Origlia N, Mattu C, Accorroni A, Chiono V. Current Limitations in the Treatment of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspective of Polymeric Carriers. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:5755-5771. [PMID: 29473493 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180221125759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide and their incidence is increasing due to the aging population. At the moment, the available therapies are not disease modifying and have several limitations, some of which are discussed in this review. One of the main limitations of these treatments is the low concentration that drugs reach in the central nervous system after systemic administration. Indeed, the presence of biological barriers, particularly the blood-brain barrier (BBB), hinders the effective drug delivery to the brain, reducing the potential benefit coming from the administration of the medication. In this review, the mechanisms of transport across the BBB and new methods to improve drug passage across the BBB are discussed. These methods include non-invasive solutions such as intranasal and intravitreal administration, and the use of nanotechnology solutions based on polymeric carriers when the drug is intravenously injected, orally taken for intestine adsorption or delivered through the dermal mucosa. Also, it provides an analysis of more invasive solutions that include intracranially injected hydrogels and implanted devices for local drug delivery. Efforts in finding new therapeutic drugs blocking neurodegenerative disease progression or reverting their course should be coupled with efforts addressed to efficient drug delivery systems. Hence, new pharmacology discoveries together with advancements in nanotechnologies and biomaterials for regenerative medicine are required to effectively counteract neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tonda-Turo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Origlia
- CNR, Neuroscience Institute Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Clara Mattu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Alice Accorroni
- CNR, Neuroscience Institute Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
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14
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Bajracharya R, Song JG, Back SY, Han HK. Recent Advancements in Non-Invasive Formulations for Protein Drug Delivery. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1290-1308. [PMID: 31921395 PMCID: PMC6944732 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in biotechnology and protein engineering expand the availability of various therapeutic proteins including vaccines, antibodies, hormones, and growth factors. In addition, protein drugs hold many therapeutic advantages over small synthetic drugs in terms of high specificity and activity. This has led to further R&D investment in protein-based drug products and an increased number of drug approvals for therapeutic proteins. However, there are many biological and biopharmaceutical obstacles inherent to protein drugs including physicochemical and enzymatic destabilization, which limit their development and clinical application. Therefore, effective formulations of therapeutic proteins are needed to overcome the various physicochemical and biological barriers. In current medical practice, protein drugs are predominantly available in injectable formulations, which have disadvantages including pain, the possibility of infection, high cost, and low patient compliance. Consequently, non-invasive drug delivery systems for therapeutic proteins have gained great attention in the research and development of biomedicines. Therefore, this review covers the various formulation approaches to optimizing the delivery properties of protein drugs with an emphasis on improving bioavailability and patient compliance. It provides a comprehensive update on recent advancements in nanotechnologies with regard to non-invasive protein drug delivery systems, which is also categorized by the route of administrations including oral, nasal, transdermal, pulmonary, ocular, and rectal delivery systems.
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15
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Dixon AR, Horst EN, Garcia JJ, Ndjouyep-Yamaga PR, Mehta G. Morphometric and computational assessments to evaluate neuron survival and maturation within compartmentalized microfluidic devices: The influence of design variation on diffusion-driven nutrient transport. Neurosci Lett 2019; 703:58-67. [PMID: 30885631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Burgeoning use of segregated microfluidic platforms that parse somas and neurites into discrete compartments is fueling unique examinations of neuronal structure and physiology in a manner impossible to achieve with non-compartmentalized systems. However, even though this line of axon-soma polarizing microfluidic devices stems from the same general design of a Campenot chamber set-up, slight deviations in device geometry appear to induce vastly different nutrient transport profiles that influence neuron survival and maturation. Here we examine the uptake of nerve growth factor (NGF) by a pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line cultured using two Campenot-like device designs, a "Standard" layout, representative of a commercial device, and a custom "Notch" layout, predicted to encourage more efficient nutrient transfer that gives rise to sustained neuron viability and extensive neurite elaboration. Exploiting in vitro culture schemes coupled with computational analyses, we identify the influence of device design geometry on the interplay between neuronal survival and maturation, gauged from morphometric assessments and the spatiotemporal distribution of NGF. Computer simulations of NGF transport within the devices revealed that the microfluidic neuron culture system is highly sensitive to change, where nutrient transport is intricately linked to device geometry and cell plating density, and premature depletion of nutrients is observed if specific design criteria are not met. This study underscores the importance of validating specific device geometries for a particular neuro-based assessment, while showcasing computational modeling as a powerful tool to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Dixon
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Eric N Horst
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jeniffer J Garcia
- Neuroscience, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Patricia R Ndjouyep-Yamaga
- Neuroscience, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Macromolecular Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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16
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Patent highlights October-November 2017. Pharm Pat Anal 2018; 7:73-81. [PMID: 29417883 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A snapshot of noteworthy recent developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development.
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17
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Sanchez-Ramos J, Song S, Kong X, Foroutan P, Martinez G, Dominguez-Viqueria W, Mohapatra S, Mohapatra S, Haraszti RA, Khvorova A, Aronin N, Sava V. Chitosan-Mangafodipir nanoparticles designed for intranasal delivery of siRNA and DNA to brain. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017; 43:453-460. [PMID: 29805475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The overall objective of the present research was to develop a nanocarrier system for non-invasive delivery to brain of molecules useful for gene therapy. Manganese-containing nanoparticles (mNPs) carrying anti-eGFP siRNA were tested in cell cultures of eGFP-expressing cell line of mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3). The optimal mNPs were then tested in vivo in mice. Following intranasal instillation, mNPs were visualized by 7T MRI throughout brain at 24 and 48 hrs. mNPs were effective in significantly reducing GFP mRNA expression in Tg GFP+ mice in olfactory bulb, striatum, hippocampus and cortex. Intranasal instillation of mNPS loaded with dsDNA encoding RFP also resulted in expression of the RFP in multiple brain regions. In conclusion, mNPs carrying siRNA, or dsDNA were capable of delivering the payload from nose to brain. This approach for delivery of gene therapies to humans, if successful, will have a significant impact on disease-modifying therapeutics of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shijie Song
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Kong
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Gary Martinez
- Mofftt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Reka A Haraszti
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Anastasia Khvorova
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Neil Aronin
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Vasyl Sava
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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18
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Samaridou E, Alonso MJ. Nose-to-brain peptide delivery - The potential of nanotechnology. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:2888-2905. [PMID: 29170026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nose-to-brain (N-to-B) delivery offers to protein and peptide drugs the possibility to reach the brain in a non-invasive way. This article is a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art of this emerging peptide delivery route, as well as of the challenges associated to it. Emphasis is given on the potential of nanosized drug delivery carriers to enhance the direct N-to-B transport of protein or peptide drugs. In particular, polymer- and lipid- based nanocarriers are comparatively analyzed in terms of the influence of their physicochemical characteristics and composition on their in vivo fate and efficacy. The use of biorecognitive ligands and permeation enhancers in order to enhance their brain targeting efficiency is also discussed. The article concludes highlighting the early stage of this research field and its still unveiled potential. The final message is that more explicatory PK/PD studies are required in order to achieve the translation from preclinical to the clinical development phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Samaridou
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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19
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Lei J, Feng F, Duan Y, Xu F, Liu Z, Lian L, Liang Q, Zhang N, Wang F. Intranasal nerve growth factor attenuating the seizure onset via p75R/Caspase pathway in the experimental epilepsy. Brain Res Bull 2017; 134:79-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Recent advancements in liposomes targeting strategies to cross blood-brain barrier (BBB) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Control Release 2017; 260:61-77. [PMID: 28549949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this modern era, with the help of various advanced technologies, medical science has overcome most of the health-related issues successfully. Though, some diseases still remain unresolved due to various physiological barriers. One such condition is Alzheimer; a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory impairment, behavioral abnormalities, mood swing and disturbed routine activities of the person suffering from. It is well known to all that the brain is entirely covered by a protective layer commonly known as blood brain barrier (BBB) which is responsible to maintain the homeostasis of brain by restricting the entry of toxic substances, drug molecules, various proteins and peptides, small hydrophilic molecules, large lipophilic substances and so many other peripheral components to protect the brain from any harmful stimuli. This functionally essential structure creates a major hurdle for delivery of any drug into the brain. Still, there are some provisions on BBB which facilitate the entry of useful substances in the brain via specific mechanisms like passive diffusion, receptor-mediated transcytosis, carrier-mediated transcytosis etc. Another important factor for drug transport is the selection of a suitable drug delivery systems like, liposome, which is a novel drug carrier system offering a potential approach to resolving this problem. Its unique phospholipid bilayer structure (similar to physiological membrane) had made it more compatible with the lipoidal layer of BBB and helps the drug to enter the brain. The present review work focused on various surface modifications with functional ligand (like lactoferrin, transferrin etc.) and carrier molecules (such as glutathione, glucose etc.) on the liposomal structure to enhance its brain targeting ability towards the successful treatment of Alzheimer disease.
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21
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Kamei N, Tanaka M, Choi H, Okada N, Ikeda T, Itokazu R, Takeda-Morishita M. Effect of an Enhanced Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Insulin on Mild and Progressive Memory Loss in the Senescence-Accelerated Mouse. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:916-927. [PMID: 28094952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Insulin is now considered to be a new drug candidate for treating dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease, whose pathologies are linked to insulin resistance in the brain. Our recent work has clarified that a noncovalent strategy involving cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can increase the direct transport of insulin from the nasal cavity into the brain parenchyma. The present study aimed to determine whether the brain insulin level increased by intranasal coadministration of insulin with the CPP penetratin has potential for treating dementia. The pharmacological actions of insulin were investigated at different stages of memory impairment using a senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) model. The results of spatial learning tests suggested that chronic intranasal administration of insulin with l-penetratin to SAMP8 slowed the progression of memory loss in the early stage of memory impairment. However, contrary to expectations, this strategy using penetratin was ineffective in recovering the severe cognitive dysfunction in the progressive stage, which involves brain accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ). Immunohistological examination of hippocampal regions of samples from SAMP8 in the progressive stage suggested that accelerated nose-to-brain insulin delivery had a partial neuroprotective function but unexpectedly increased Aβ plaque deposition in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that the efficient nose-to-brain delivery of insulin combined with noncovalent CPP strategy has different effects on dementia during the mild and progressive stages of cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyasu Kamei
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University , 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan
| | - Misa Tanaka
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University , 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan
| | - Hayoung Choi
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University , 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Okada
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University , 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ikeda
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University , 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan
| | - Rei Itokazu
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University , 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan
| | - Mariko Takeda-Morishita
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University , 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan
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22
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Gutkin A, Cohen ZR, Peer D. Harnessing nanomedicine for therapeutic intervention in glioblastoma. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1573-1582. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1200557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gutkin
- Laboratory of NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvi R. Cohen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Rassu G, Soddu E, Cossu M, Gavini E, Giunchedi P, Dalpiaz A. Particulate formulations based on chitosan for nose-to-brain delivery of drugs. A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Choonara YE, Kumar P, Modi G, Pillay V. Improving drug delivery technology for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1029-43. [PMID: 26967508 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1162152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represent intricate challenges for efficient uptake and transport of drugs to the brain mainly due to the restrictive blood-brain barrier (BBB). NDs are characterized by the loss of neuronal subtypes as sporadic and/or familial and several mechanisms of neurodegeneration have been identified. AREAS COVERED This review attempts to recap, organize and concisely evaluate the advanced drug delivery systems designed for treating common NDs. It highlights key research gaps and opinionates on new neurotherapies to overcome the BBB as an addition to the current treatments of countering oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptotic mechanisms. EXPERT OPINION Current treatments do not fully address the biological, drug and therapeutic factors faced. This has led to the development of vogue treatments such as nose-to-brain technologies, bio-engineered systems, fusion protein chaperones, stem cells, gene therapy, use of natural compounds, neuroprotectants and even vaccines. However, failure of these treatments is mainly due to the BBB and non-specific delivery in the brain. In order to increase neuroavailability various advanced drug delivery systems provide promising alternatives that are able to augment the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, much work is still required in this field beyond the preclinical testing phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya E Choonara
- a Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- a Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Girish Modi
- b Division of Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- a Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , South Africa
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Intranasal Delivery of Recombinant AAV Containing BDNF Fused with HA2TAT: a Potential Promising Therapy Strategy for Major Depressive Disorder. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22404. [PMID: 26935651 PMCID: PMC4776097 DOI: 10.1038/srep22404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a disturbing psychiatric disease with unsatisfied therapy. Not all patients are sensitive to anti-depressants currently in use, side-effects are unavoidable during therapy, and the cases with effectiveness are always accompanied with delayed onset of clinical efficacy. Delivering brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to brain seems to be a promising therapy. However, a better approach to delivery is still rudimentary. The purpose of our present work is to look for a rapid-onset and long-lasting therapeutic strategy for major depressive disorder (MDD) by effectively delivering BDNF to brain. BDNF, fused with cell-penetrating peptides (TAT and HA2), was packaged in adenovirus associated virus (AAV) to construct the BDNF-HA2TAT/AAV for intranasally delivering BDNF to central nervous system (CNS) via nose-brain pathway. Intranasal administration of BDNF-HA2TAT/AAV to normal mice displayed anti-depression effect in forced swimming test when the delivery lasted relatively longer. The AAV applied to mice subjected to chronic mild stress (CMS) through intranasal administration for 10 days also alleviated depression-like behaviors. Western-blotting analysis revealed that BDNF-HA2TAT/AAV nasal administration enhanced hippocampal BDNF content. These results indicate intranasal administration of constructed BDNF-HA2TAT/AAV exerts anti-depression effect in CMS mice by increasing hippocampal BDNF, suggesting that this strategy holds a promising therapeutic potential for MDD.
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Still NAAG’ing After All These Years. NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: A TRIBUTE TO JOSEPH T. COYLE 2016; 76:215-55. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Manda P, Kushwaha AS, Kundu S, Shivakumar HN, Jo SB, Murthy SN. Delivery of ziconotide to cerebrospinal fluid via intranasal pathway for the treatment of chronic pain. J Control Release 2015; 224:69-76. [PMID: 26732557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the plausibility of delivery of ziconotide to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via intranasal administration. Ziconotide was administered either in the form of solution or Kolliphor P 407 gels (KP 407) intranasally in Sprague-Dawley rats. The effect of incorporation of chitosan in the formulation was also investigated. Time course of drug in the CSF was investigated by collecting CSF from cisterna magna. Pharmacokinetics of ziconotide in CSF following intrathecal and intravenous (i.v.) administration of ziconotide was investigated. Upon intrathecal administration the elimination rate constant of ziconotide in CSF was found to be 1.01±0.34h(-1). The Cmax and Tmax of ziconotide in CSF following intravenous administration were found to be 37.78±6.8ng/mL and ~2h respectively. The time required to attain maximum concentration (Tmax) in CSF was less upon intranasal administration (15min) compared to i.v. administration (120min). Presence of chitosan enhanced the overall bioavailability of ziconotide from intranasal solution and gel formulations. The elimination rate constant of ziconotide in CSF following intranasal and intravenous administration of ziconotide solution was found to be 0.54±0.08h(-1) and 0.42±0.10h(-1) respectively. Whereas, intranasal administration of ziconotide in the form of in situ forming gel lowered the elimination rate significantly. These results suggest that intranasal administration could be a potential noninvasive and patient compliant method of delivering ziconotide to CSF to treat chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Manda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Avadhesh Singh Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Santanu Kundu
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA
| | - H N Shivakumar
- Institute for Drug Delivery & Biomedical Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; KLE's University College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Seong Bong Jo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - S Narasimha Murthy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Institute for Drug Delivery & Biomedical Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Rais R, Wozniak K, Wu Y, Niwa M, Stathis M, Alt J, Giroux M, Sawa A, Rojas C, Slusher BS. Selective CNS Uptake of the GCP-II Inhibitor 2-PMPA following Intranasal Administration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131861. [PMID: 26151906 PMCID: PMC4494705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP-II) is a brain metallopeptidase that hydrolyzes the abundant neuropeptide N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) to NAA and glutamate. Small molecule GCP-II inhibitors increase brain NAAG, which activates mGluR3, decreases glutamate, and provide therapeutic utility in a variety of preclinical models of neurodegenerative diseases wherein excess glutamate is presumed pathogenic. Unfortunately no GCP-II inhibitor has advanced clinically, largely due to their highly polar nature resulting in insufficient oral bioavailability and limited brain penetration. Herein we report a non-invasive route for delivery of GCP-II inhibitors to the brain via intranasal (i.n.) administration. Three structurally distinct classes of GCP-II inhibitors were evaluated including DCMC (urea-based), 2-MPPA (thiol-based) and 2-PMPA (phosphonate-based). While all showed some brain penetration following i.n. administration, 2-PMPA exhibited the highest levels and was chosen for further evaluation. Compared to intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration, equivalent doses of i.n. administered 2-PMPA resulted in similar plasma exposures (AUC0-t, i.n./AUC0-t, i.p. = 1.0) but dramatically enhanced brain exposures in the olfactory bulb (AUC0-t, i.n./AUC0-t, i.p. = 67), cortex (AUC0-t, i.n./AUC0-t, i.p. = 46) and cerebellum (AUC0-t, i.n./AUC0-t, i.p. = 6.3). Following i.n. administration, the brain tissue to plasma ratio based on AUC0-t in the olfactory bulb, cortex, and cerebellum were 1.49, 0.71 and 0.10, respectively, compared to an i.p. brain tissue to plasma ratio of less than 0.02 in all areas. Furthermore, i.n. administration of 2-PMPA resulted in complete inhibition of brain GCP-II enzymatic activity ex-vivo confirming target engagement. Lastly, because the rodent nasal system is not similar to humans, we evaluated i.n. 2-PMPA also in a non-human primate. We report that i.n. 2-PMPA provides selective brain delivery with micromolar concentrations. These studies support intranasal delivery of 2-PMPA to deliver therapeutic concentrations in the brain and may facilitate its clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Rais
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Krystyna Wozniak
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ying Wu
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Minae Niwa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marigo Stathis
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jesse Alt
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marc Giroux
- Kurve Technology, Inc., Bothell, Washington, United States of America
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Camilo Rojas
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Influence of Dosage Form, Formulation, and Delivery Device on Olfactory Deposition and Clearance: Enhancement of Nose-to-CNS Uptake. J Pharm Innov 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-015-9222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zheng X, Shao X, Zhang C, Tan Y, Liu Q, Wan X, Zhang Q, Xu S, Jiang X. Intranasal H102 Peptide-Loaded Liposomes for Brain Delivery to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3837-49. [PMID: 26113236 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE H102, a novel β-sheet breaker peptide, was encapsulated into liposomes to reduce its degradation and increase its brain penetration through intranasal administration for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS The H102 liposomes were prepared using a modified thin film hydration method, and their transport characteristics were tested on Calu-3 cell monolayers. The pharmacokinetics in rats' blood and brains were also investigated. Behavioral experiments were performed to evaluate the improvements on AD rats' spatial memory impairment. The neuroprotective effects were tested by detecting acetylcholinesterase (AchE), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) activity and conducting histological assays. The safety was evaluated on rats' nasal mucosa and cilia. RESULTS The liposomes prepared could penetrate Calu-3 cell monolayers consistently. After intranasal administration, H102 could be effectively delivered to the brain, and the AUC of H102 liposomes in the hippocampus was 2.92-fold larger than that of solution group. H102 liposomes could excellently ameliorate spatial memory impairment of AD model rats, increase the activities of ChAT and IDE and inhibit plaque deposition, even in a lower dosage compared with H102 intranasal solution. H102 nasal formulations showed no toxicity on nasal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS The H102-loaded liposome prepared in this study for nasal administration is stable, effective and safe, which has great potential for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiayan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhen Tan
- Department of Physiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shumei Xu
- Department of Physiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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Rosso P, Moreno S, Fracassi A, Rocco ML, Aloe L. Nerve growth factor and autophagy: effect of nasal anti-NGF-antibodies administration on Ambra1 and Beclin-1 expression in rat brain. Growth Factors 2015; 33:401-9. [PMID: 26728403 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2015.1122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) exerts protective actions in the healthy and diseased nervous system. Intranasal administration is a suitable and safe strategy to deliver NGF to CNS neurons. We investigated whether nasal anti-NGF-antibody (ANA) administration affects neuronal autophagy, in view of its putative regulatory role in this process. We focused on olfactory bulbs (OB), neocortex (Cx), hippocampus (HF) and septal complex (SC), known to be NGF-responsive and autophagically active. Our combined molecular/morphological results demonstrate that intranasally administered ANA reaches brain NGF-target neurons and lowers the levels of endogenous NGF and its receptors. Treatment also affects - in a brain region-dependent manner - the expression of the autophagic proteins Beclin-1 and Ambra1, as well as that of proteins belonging to the Bcl2 family, namely Bax and Bcl-2, reflecting apoptotic dysregulation. This study provides a nongenetically modified, NGF-defective animal model, representing a suitable tool to investigate novel properties of the neurotrophin, especially in relation to autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Rosso
- a National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology & Neurobiology , Rome , Italy and
- b Department of Science , LIME, University Roma Tre , Rome , Italy
| | - Sandra Moreno
- b Department of Science , LIME, University Roma Tre , Rome , Italy
| | - Anna Fracassi
- b Department of Science , LIME, University Roma Tre , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Rocco
- a National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology & Neurobiology , Rome , Italy and
| | - Luigi Aloe
- a National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology & Neurobiology , Rome , Italy and
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Sarvaiya J, Agrawal Y. Chitosan as a suitable nanocarrier material for anti-Alzheimer drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:454-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Coué G, Engbersen JFJ. Cationic Polymers for Intracellular Delivery of Proteins. CATIONIC POLYMERS IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782620105-00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Many therapeutic proteins exert their pharmaceutical action inside the cytoplasm or onto individual organelles inside the cell. Intracellular protein delivery is considered to be the most direct, fastest and safest approach for curing gene-deficiency diseases, enhancing vaccination and triggering cell transdifferentiation processes, within other curative applications. However, several hurdles have to be overcome. For this purpose the use of polymers, with their ease of modification in physical and chemical properties, is attractive in protein drug carriers. They can protect their therapeutic protein cargo from degradation and enhance their bioavailability at targeted sites. In this chapter, potential and currently used polymers for fabrication of protein delivery systems and their applications for intracellular administration are discussed. Special attention is given to the use of cationic polymers for their ability to promote the cellular uptake of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Coué
- MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Johan F. J. Engbersen
- MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
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Chitosan in nasal delivery systems for therapeutic drugs. J Control Release 2014; 190:189-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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35
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Kuo YC, Liu YC. Cardiolipin-incorporated liposomes with surface CRM197 for enhancing neuronal survival against neurotoxicity. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:334-44. [PMID: 24999054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CRM197-grafted liposomes containing cardiolipin (CL) (CRM197/CL-liposomes) were used to enhance the permeability of neuron growth factor (NGF) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for promoting the neuroprotective effect of NGF. CRM197/CL-liposoms were incubated with a monolayer of human astrocyte (HA)-regulated human brain-microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and employed to rescue SK-N-MC cells with insult of fibrillar β-amyloid peptide (1-42) (Aβ1-42). An increase in the CL mole percentage enhanced the particle size, absolute value of zeta potential, NGF entrapment efficiency, CRM197 grafting efficiency, viability of HBMECs, HAs, and SK-N-MC cells, and BBB permeability of propidium iodide (PI) and NGF, and reduced the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). In addition, an increase in the CRM197 weight percentage increased the particle size, absolute value of zeta potential, viability of HBMECs and HAs, and BBB permeability of PI and NGF, and decreased the CRM197 grafting efficiency and TEER. CRM197/CL-liposomes have the ability to target the BBB and to reduce neurotoxicity of Aβ142 and can be promising formulations for treating Alzheimer's disease in future medicinal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
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Zhang X, Liu L, Chai G, Zhang X, Li F. Brain pharmacokinetics of neurotoxin-loaded PLA nanoparticles modified with chitosan after intranasal administration in awake rats. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 39:1618-24. [PMID: 24087853 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.727828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Neurotoxin (NT), an analgesic peptide which was separated from the venom of Naja naja atra, is endowed an exceptional specificity of action that blocks transmission of the nerve impulse by binding to the acetylcholine receptor in the membrane. However, it has limited permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to encapsulate NT within polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) modified with chitosan (NT-PLA-cNPs) and to evaluate their brain pharmacokinetic behaviors after intranasal (i.n.) administration using a microdialysis technique in free-moving rats. METHODS NT-PLA-cNPs (NT labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate) were prepared and characterized. Then, NT-PLA-cNPs were i.n. administered to rats and the fluorescence intensity in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) was monitored for up to 480 min, with NT-PLA-NPs and NT solution as control groups. RESULTS The NPs prepared were spherical with a homogenous size distribution. The mean particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency were 140.5 ± 5.4 nm, +33.71 ± 3.24 mV, and 83.51 ± 2.65%, respectively. The brain transport results showed that Tmax of NT-PLA-cNPs was equal with that of NT-PLA-NPs after i.n. administration (150 min). The Cmax and AUC(0-8 h) of each group followed the following order: NT-PLA-cNPs > NT-PLA-NPs. The corresponding absolute bioavailability (Fabs) of NT-PLA-cNPs was about 151% with NT-PLA-NPs as reference preparations. CONCLUSION These results suggest that NPs modified with chitosan have better brain targeting efficiency and are a promising approach for i.n. delivery of large hydrophilic peptides and proteins in improving the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingguo Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, ZheJiang Chinese Medical University , HangZhou , China
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Abstract
Nasal absorption of insulin was discussed to develop a delivery system that targets the systemic circulation or central nervous system. Formation of insulin dimer and hexamer affects not only the diffusivity but also the membrane permeability of insulin via aqueous channels. The Renkin function was used to evaluate penetration pathways of hydrophilic compounds containing insulin through aqueous channels, and pore size and occupancy of the pathways were obtained as the membrane parameters on the basis of the function. Cationic polymers applied on the mucosal membranes as penetration enhancers increased the number of pathways for the hydrophilic compounds in the tight junctions, which suggested that these compounds could be sufficient as additives for the nasal delivery of insulin. However, excess interaction of the cationic enhancers with anionic insulin suppressed insulin permeation, and protection of insulin against degradation in the permeation process was required to improve the nasal absorption. PEGylation of insulin could be a possible way to improve the nasal delivery of insulin. In addition, combination of PEGylated insulin and modified cyclodextrin, which form pseudorotaxanes, can be applicable for further modification of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of insulin. Such well-designed complex systems may be required for specific delivery of insulin to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Seki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan.
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Abstract
Neurodegeneration is characterized by a progressive loss of neuron structure and function. Most neurodegenerative diseases progress slowly over the time. There is currently no cure available for any neurodegenerative disease, and the existing therapeutic interventions only alleviate the symptoms of the disease. The advances in the drug discovery research have come to a halt with a lack of effective means to deliver drugs at the targeted site. In addition, the route of delivering the drugs is equally important as most invasive techniques lead to postoperative complications. This chapter focuses on a non-invasive, intranasal mode of therapeutic delivery using nanoparticles, which is currently being explored. The intranasal route of delivery is a well-established route to deliver drugs via the olfactory and trigeminal neuronal pathways. It is known to be the fastest and most effective way to bypass the blood-brain barrier to reach the central nervous system. The presented chapter highlights the method of intranasal delivery in mice using chitosan-siRNA nanoparticle formulation, under mild anesthesia and the identification of successful siRNA delivery in the brain tissues, through histology and other well-established laboratory protocols.
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Intranasal, siRNA Delivery to the Brain by TAT/MGF Tagged PEGylated Chitosan Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS 2013; 2013:812387. [PMID: 26555995 PMCID: PMC4590831 DOI: 10.1155/2013/812387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is characterized by progressive loss of structure and function of neurons. Several therapeutic methods and drugs are available to alleviate the symptoms of these diseases. The currently used delivery strategies such as implantation of catheters, intracarotid infusions, surgeries, and chemotherapies are invasive in nature and pose a greater risk of postsurgical complications, which can have fatal side effects. The current study utilizes a peptide (TAT and MGF) tagged PEGylated chitosan nanoparticle formulation for siRNA delivery, administered intranasally, which can bypass the blood brain barrier. The study investigates the optimal dose, duration, biodistribution, and toxicity, of the nanoparticle-siRNA formulation, in-vivo. The results indicate that 0.5 mg/kg of siRNA is delivered successfully to the hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum after 4 hrs of post intranasal delivery. The results indicate maximum delivery to the brain in comparison to other tissues with no cellular toxic effects. This study shows the potential of peptide-tagged PEGylated chitosan nanoparticles to be delivered intranasally and target brain tissue for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Dombu CY, Betbeder D. Airway delivery of peptides and proteins using nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2012; 34:516-25. [PMID: 23046753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of peptides and proteins via the airways is one of the most exciting potential applications of nanomedicine. These macromolecules could be used for many therapeutic applications, however due to their poor stability in physiological medium and difficulties in delivering them across biological barriers, they are very difficult to use in therapy. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have emerged as one of the most promising technologies to overcome these limitations, owing mainly to their proven capacity to cross biological barriers and to enter cells in high yields, thus improving delivery of macromolecules. In this review, we summarize the current advances in nanoparticle designed for transmucosal delivery of peptides and proteins. Challenges that must be overcome in order to derive clinical benefits are also discussed.
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Vaka SRK, Shivakumar HN, Repka MA, Murthy SN. Formulation and evaluation of carnosic acid nanoparticulate system for upregulation of neurotrophins in the brain upon intranasal administration. J Drug Target 2012; 21:44-53. [PMID: 23020597 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.725405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To develop formulations of carnosic acid nanoparticles and to assess their in vivo efficacy to enhance the expression of neurotrophins in rat model. Carnosic acid loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation technique using central composite design. Response surface methodology was used to assess the effect of three factors namely chitosan concentration (0.1-1% w/v), tri-poly phosphate concentration (0.1-1% w/v) and sonication time (2-10 min) on the response variables such as particle size, zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficiency and drug release. The neurotrophins level in the rat brain upon intranasal administration of optimized batch of carnosic acid nanoparticles was determined. The experimental values for the formulation were in good agreement with those predicted by the mathematical models. A single intranasal administration of the optimized formulation of carnosic acid nanoparticles was sufficient to result in comparable levels of endogenous neurotrophins level in the brain that was almost on par with four, once a day intranasal administration of solution in rats. The results clearly demonstrated the fact that nanoparticulate drug delivery system for intranasal administration of carnosic acid would require less number of administrations to elicit the required pharmacological activity owing to its ability to localize on the olfactory mucosal region and provide controlled delivery of carnosic acid for prolonged time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Ram Kiran Vaka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, MS 38677, USA
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Bommana MM, Kirthivasan B, Squillante E. In vivobrain microdialysis to evaluate FITC-dextran encapsulated immunopegylated nanoparticles. Drug Deliv 2012; 19:298-306. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2012.714812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Cimini A, D’Angelo B, Das S, Gentile R, Benedetti E, Singh V, Monaco AM, Santucci S, Seal S. Antibody-conjugated PEGylated cerium oxide nanoparticles for specific targeting of Aβ aggregates modulate neuronal survival pathways. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2056-67. [PMID: 22343002 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been found to be associated with the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Lou Gehrig's, etc. In the recent years, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) have been studied as potent antioxidant agents able to exert neuroprotective effects. This work reports polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated and antibody-conjugated CNPs for the selective delivering to Aβ aggregates, and the protective effect against oxidative stress/Aβ-mediated neurodegeneration. In this study PEG-coated and anti-Aβ antibody-conjugated antioxidant nanoparticles (Aβ-CNPs-PEG) were developed, and their effects on neuronal survival and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway were examined. Aβ-CNPs-PEG specifically targets the Aβ aggregates, and concomitant rescue of neuronal survival better than Aβ-CNPs, by modulating the BDNF signaling pathway. This proof of concept work may allow in the future, once validated in vivo, for the selective delivery of CNPs only to affected brain areas.
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Privalova AM, Gulyaeva NV, Bukreeva TV. Intranasal administration: a prospective drug delivery route to the brain. NEUROCHEM J+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712412020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wolf DA, Hanson LR, Aronovich EL, Nan Z, Low WC, Frey WH, McIvor RS. Lysosomal enzyme can bypass the blood-brain barrier and reach the CNS following intranasal administration. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 106:131-4. [PMID: 22420937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we provide the first evidence that therapeutic levels of a lysosomal enzyme can bypass the blood-brain barrier following intranasal administration. α-L-iduronidase (IDUA) activity was detected throughout the brains of IDUA-deficient mice following a single intranasal treatment with concentrated Aldurazyme® (laronidase) and was also detected after intranasal treatment with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector expressing human IDUA. These results suggest that intranasal routes of delivery may be efficacious in the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Wolf
- Gene Therapy Program, Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55455, USA
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Tian L, Guo R, Yue X, Lv Q, Ye X, Wang Z, Chen Z, Wu B, Xu G, Liu X. Intranasal administration of nerve growth factor ameliorate β-amyloid deposition after traumatic brain injury in rats. Brain Res 2012; 1440:47-55. [PMID: 22284619 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The marked increase of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide after traumatic brain injury (TBI), confers a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in patients' later life. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is great potential to repair brain injury. But its clinical application is limited because of lacking feasible methods for delivering NGF into brain. This study investigated the effects of NGF, delivered intranasally, on the Aβ burden in the injured ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus of rats with TBI. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to the modified Feeney's weight-drop model and treated without or with NGF by intranasal route. Motor and cognitive functional outcome, immunostaining, ELISA assay and western blot were performed. Compared to sham operated rats, TBI rats exhibited significantly increased APP and Aβ₄₂ expression as well as decreased functional outcome after TBI. Intranasal administration of NGF significantly attenuated Aβ₄₂ deposits, and improved functional outcome after TBI. Thus, intranasal delivery of NGF provides a potential strategy for reducing the risk of developing AD in the later life of TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tian
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
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Feng C, Zhang C, Shao X, Liu Q, Qian Y, Feng L, Chen J, Zha Y, Zhang Q, Jiang X. Enhancement of nose-to-brain delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor for improving rat memory impairments induced by co-injection of β-amyloid and ibotenic acid into the bilateral hippocampus. Int J Pharm 2011; 423:226-34. [PMID: 22193058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) delivery to the brain of animals appears to be an emerging potential therapeutic approach to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The intranasal route of administration could provide an alternative to intracerebroventricular infusion. A nasal spray of bFGF had been developed previously and the objective of the present study was to investigate whether bFGF nasal spray could enhance brain uptake of bFGF and ameliorate memory impairment induced by co-injection of β-amyloid(25-35) and ibotenic acid into bilateral hippocampus of rats. The results of brain uptake study showed that the AUC(0-12h) of bFGF nasal spray in olfactory bulb, cerebrum, cerebellum and hippocampus was respectively 2.47, 2.38, 2.56 and 2.19 times that of intravenous bFGF solution, and 1.11, 1.95, 1.40 and 1.93 times that of intranasal bFGF solution, indicating that intranasal administration of bFGF nasal spray was an effective means of delivering bFGF to the brain, especially to cerebrum and hippocampus. In Morris water maze tasks, intravenous administration of bFGF solution at high dose (40 μg/kg) showed little improvement on spatial memory impairment. In contrast, bFGF solution of the same dose following intranasal administration could significantly ameliorate spatial memory impairment. bFGF nasal spray obviously improved spatial memory impairment even at a dose half (20 μg/kg) of bFGF solution, recovered their acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase activity to the sham control level, and alleviated neuronal degeneration in rat hippocampus, indicating neuroprotective effects on the central nerve system. In a word, bFGF nasal spray may be a new formulation of great potential for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Manda P, Hargett JK, Vaka SRK, Repka MA, Murthy SN. Delivery of cefotaxime to the brain via intranasal administration. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 37:1306-10. [PMID: 21702731 PMCID: PMC5598079 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.571696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the plausibility of delivery of cefotaxime to the brain via intranasal administration. In vitro permeation studies were carried out using Franz diffusion cells, and the effect of different concentrations of chitosan (0.1% w/v and 0.25% w/v) on drug permeation across the bovine olfactory mucosa was determined. Samples were collected from the receiver compartment at different time points and analyzed using HPLC. The amount of cefotaxime that permeated across the olfactory mucosa when 0.25% w/v of chitosan was used as a permeation enhancer was ~1.5- and ~2-fold higher at the end of the first hour and second hour, respectively, over control (29.56 ± 6.18 µg/cm(2)). There was no significant enhancement in drug permeation when 0.1% w/v chitosan was used as the permeation enhancer. Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out using Sprague-Dawley rats. Cefotaxime solution with 0.25% w/v chitosan (40 mg/kg) was administered intravenously (i.v.) to rats in groups 1 and 3 and intranasally to those in group 2 and 4. The time course of drug in the brain was investigated by performing microdialysis in rats of groups 1 and 2. Blood samples were withdrawn from rats in groups 3 and 4, and cefotaxime in plasma was analyzed using HPLC after extraction with a hydrochloric acid-chloroform:1-pentanol (3:1) and phosphate buffer solvent system. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the trapezoidal rule. The results imply that the drug levels attained in the brain following i.v. and intranasal administrations were comparable. These results suggest that intranasal administration of cefotaxime could be a potential method of delivering antibacterial agents because of it being noninvasive and patient compliant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Manda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Jamie K. Hargett
- Department of Biology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Siva Ram Kiran Vaka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Michael A. Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - S. Narasimha Murthy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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Delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor via nose-to-brain pathway. Pharm Res 2011; 29:441-7. [PMID: 21879386 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the plausibility of delivering brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to brain via nose-to-brain pathway using chitosan as barrier-modulating agent. METHODS Effect of different viscosity grades chitosan at different concentrations on permeation of fluorescein isothio-cyanate dextran (FD 40 K) across bovine olfactory mucosa was studied using Franz diffusion cells. Medium viscosity chitosan was used to carry out permeation studies of BDNF. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were carried out in Sprague dawley rats upon intranasal/i.v administration of different formulations. RESULTS Medium viscosity chitosan more efficiently enhanced permeation of FD 40 K across olfactory mucosa compared to other grades. In case of BDNF, medium viscosity chitosan (0.25% w/v) enhanced permeation ~14-fold over control (18.78 ± 16.69 ng/cm(2)). Brain bioavailability of rats administered intranasally with BDNF solution containing chitosan was significantly enhanced ~13-fold compared to rats administered with same concentration of BDNF solution without chitosan. In rats subjected to immobilization stress, BDNF solution containing chitosan significantly decreased immobility time. CONCLUSIONS Intranasal formulations containing chitosan as barrier-modulating agent significantly enhanced brain bioavailability of BDNF. Delivery of BDNF was found to counteract stress-induced depression in rats.
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Malerba F, Paoletti F, Capsoni S, Cattaneo A. Intranasal delivery of therapeutic proteins for neurological diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:1277-96. [PMID: 21619468 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.588204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among the range of therapeutic protein candidates for new generation treatments of neurological diseases, neurotrophic factors and recombinant antibodies hold the greatest potential. However, major difficulties in their safe and effective delivery to the brain severely limit these applications. The BBB restricts the exchange of proteins between the plasma and the CNS. Moreover, therapeutic proteins often need to be selectively targeted to the brain, while minimizing their biodistribution to systemic compartments, to avoid peripheral side effects. The intranasal delivery of proteins has recently emerged as a non-invasive, safe and effective method to target proteins to the CNS, bypassing the BBB and minimizing systemic exposure. AREAS COVERED We critically summarize the main experimental and mechanistic facts about the simple and non-invasive nasal delivery approach, which provides a promising strategy and a potential solution for the severe unmet medical need of safely and effectively delivering protein therapeutics to the brain. EXPERT OPINION The intranasal route for the effective delivery of recombinant therapeutic proteins represents an emerging and promising non-invasive strategy. Future studies will achieve a detailed understanding of pharmacokinetic and mechanisms of delivery to optimize formulations and fully exploit the nose-to-brain interface in order to deliver proteins for the treatment of neurological diseases. This expanding research area will most likely produce exciting results in the near future towards new therapeutical approaches for the CNS.
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