1
|
Shu Y, Zhao P, Li X, Shi X, Fu Q. Counter-intuitive discovery in the formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs: Amorphous small-molecule gels. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38807483 DOI: 10.1002/med.22060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Amorphous strategies have been extensively used in improving the dissolution of insoluble drugs for decades due to their high free energy. However, the formation of amorphous small-molecule gels (ASMGs) presents a counter-intuitive discovery that significantly limits their practical application. Recently, ASMGs have garnered attention because of their noncovalent structures, excellent biodegradability, and significant potential in various drug delivery systems in the pharmaceutical field. Hence, a comprehensive review is necessary to contribute to a better understanding of recent advances in ASMGs. This review aimed to introduce the main formation mechanisms, summarize possible influencing factors, generalize unique properties, outline elimination strategies, and discuss clinical application potential with preclinical cases of ASMGs. Moreover, few ASMGs are advanced to clinical stages. Intensive clinical research is needed for further development. We hope that this review can provide more efficient and rational guidance for exploring further clinical applications of ASMGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yecheng Shu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peixu Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianbao Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zografi G, Newman A, Shalaev E. Structural Features of the Glassy State and Their Impact on the Solid-State Properties of Organic Molecules in Pharmaceutical Systems. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00186-2. [PMID: 38768756 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This paper reviews the structure and properties of amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), including small molecules and proteins, in the glassy state (below the glass transition temperature, Tg). Amorphous materials in the neat state and formulated with excipients as miscible amorphous mixtures are included, and the role of absorbed water in affecting glass structure and stability has also been considered. We defined the term "structure" to indicate the way the various molecules in a glass interact with each other and form distinctive molecular arrangements as regions or domains of varying number of molecules, molecular packing, and density. Evidence is presented to suggest that such systems generally exist as heterogeneous structures made up of high-density domains surrounded by a lower density arrangement of molecules, termed the microstructure. It has been shown that the method of preparation and the time frame for handling and storage can give rise to variable glass structures and varying physical properties. Throughout this paper, examples are given of theoretical, computer simulation, and experimental studies which focus on the nature of intermolecular interactions, the size of heterogeneous higher density domains, and the impact of such systems on the relative physical and chemical stability of pharmaceutical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Zografi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ann Newman
- Seventh Street Development Group LLC, Kure Beach, NC, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Elmorsy EA, Saber S, Kira AY, Alghasham A, Abdel-Hamed MR, Amer MM, Mohamed EA, AlSalloom A. A, Alkhamiss AS, Hamad RS, Abdel-Reheim MA, Ellethy AT, Elsisi HA, Alsharidah M, Elghandour SR, Elnawawy T, Abdelhady R. Hedgehog signaling is a promising target for the treatment of hepatic fibrogenesis: a new management strategy using itraconazole-loaded nanoparticles. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1377980. [PMID: 38808257 PMCID: PMC11130383 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1377980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a disease with a great global health and economic burden. Existing data highlights itraconazole (ITRCZ) as a potentially effective anti-fibrotic therapy. However, ITRCZ effect is hindered by several limitations, such as poor solubility and bioavailability. This study aimed to formulate and optimize chitosan nanoparticles (Cht NPs) loaded with ITRCZ as a new strategy for managing liver fibrosis. ITRCZ-Cht NPs were optimized utilizing a developed 22 full factorial design. The optimized formula (F3) underwent comprehensive in vitro and in vivo characterization. In vitro assessments revealed that F3 exhibited an entrapment efficiency of 89.65% ± 0.57%, a 169.6 ± 1.77 nm particle size, and a zeta potential of +15.93 ± 0.21 mV. Furthermore, in vitro release studies indicated that the release of ITRCZ from F3 adhered closely to the first-order model, demonstrating a significant enhancement (p-value < 0.05) in cumulative release compared to plain ITRCZ suspension. This formula increased primary hepatocyte survival and decreased LDH activity in vitro. The in vivo evaluation of F3 in a rat model of liver fibrosis revealed improved liver function and structure. ITRCZ-Cht NPs displayed potent antifibrotic effects as revealed by the downregulation of TGF-β, PDGF-BB, and TIMP-1 as well as decreased hydroxyproline content and α-SMA immunoexpression. Anti-inflammatory potential was evident by reduced TNF-α and p65 nuclear translocation. These effects were likely ascribed to the modulation of Hedgehog components SMO, GLI1, and GLI2. These findings theorize ITRCZ-Cht NPs as a promising formulation for treating liver fibrosis. However, further investigations are deemed necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed A. Elmorsy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Y. Kira
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Alghasham
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed R. Abdel-Hamed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M. Amer
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas A. Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A AlSalloom A.
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Alkhamiss
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab S. Hamad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Abousree T. Ellethy
- Department of Oral and Medical Basic Sciences, Biochemistry Division, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam A. Elsisi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mansour Alsharidah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar R. Elghandour
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tayseer Elnawawy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Egyptian Drug Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha Abdelhady
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Block M, Sieger P, Truenkle C, Saal C, Simon R, Truebenbach I. Miniaturized screening and performance prediction of tailored subcutaneous extended-release formulations for preclinical in vivo studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 196:106733. [PMID: 38408709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Microencapsulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for preparation of long acting injectable (LAI) formulations is an auspicious technique to enable preclinical characterization of a broad variety of APIs, ideally independent of their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics. During early API discovery, tunable LAI formulations may enable pharmacological proof-of-concept for the given variety of candidates by tailoring the level of plasma exposure over the duration of various timespans. Although numerous reports on small scale preparation methods for LAIs utilizing copolymers of lactic and glycolic acid (PLGA) and polymers of lactic acid (PLA) highlight their potential, application in formulation screening and use in preclinical in vivo studies is yet very limited. Transfer from downscale formulation preparation to in vivo experiments is hampered in early preclinical API screening by the large number of API candidates with simultaneously very limited available amount in the lower sub-gram scale, lack of formulation stability and deficient tunability of sustained release. We hereby present a novel comprehensive platform tool for tailored extended-release formulations, aiming to support a variety of preclinical in vivo experiments with ranging required plasma exposure levels and timespans. A novel small-scale spray drying process was successfully implemented by using an air brush based instrument for preparation of PLGA and PLA based formulations. Using Design of Experiments (DoE), required API amount of 250 mg was demonstrated to suffice for identification of dominant polymer characteristics with largest impact on sustained release capability for an individual API. BI-3231, a hydrophilic and weakly acidic small compound with good water solubility and permeability, but low metabolic stability, was used as an exemplary model for one of the many candidates during API discovery. Furthermore, an in vitro to in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of API release rate was established in mice, which enabled the prediction of in vivo plasma concentration plateaus after single subcutaneous injection, using only in vitro dissolution profiles of screened formulations. By tailoring LAI formulations and their doses for acute and sub-chronic preclinical experiments, we exemplary demonstrate the practical use for BI-3231. Pharmacological proof-of-concept could be enabled whilst circumventing the need of multiple administration as result of extensive hepatic metabolism and simultaneously superseding numerous in vivo experiments for formulation tailoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Block
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß 88397, Germany
| | - Peter Sieger
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß 88397, Germany
| | - Cornelius Truenkle
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß 88397, Germany
| | - Christoph Saal
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß 88397, Germany
| | - Roman Simon
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß 88397, Germany
| | - Ines Truebenbach
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß 88397, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bavnhøj CG, Knopp MM, Löbmann K. Effect of Drug Loading in Mesoporous Silica on Amorphous Stability and Performance. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:163. [PMID: 38399225 PMCID: PMC10891643 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The encapsulation of drugs within mesoporous silica (MS) has for several years been a subject of research. Previous studies proposed that drug loadings up to the monomolecular loading capacity (MLC) are the optimal choice for maintaining the drug in an amorphous form, whereas filling the pores above the monolayer and up to the pore filling capacity (PFC) may introduce some physical instabilities. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of drug loading in MS-based amorphous formulations on the stability of the amorphous form of the drug as well as the dissolution. In particular, the following drug loadings were investigated: below MLC, at MLC, between MLC and PFC and at PFC. The drug-loaded MS formulations were analyzed directly after preparation and after 18 months of storage under accelerated conditions (40 °C in both dry and humid conditions). The MLC and PFC for the drug celecoxib (CEL) on the MS ParteckSLC500 (SLC) were determined at 33.5 wt.% and 48.4 wt.%, respectively. This study found that SLC can effectively preserve the amorphous form of the drug for 18 months, provided that the loading is below the PFC (<48.4 wt.%) and no humidity is present. On the other hand, drug loading at the PFC showed recrystallization even when stored under dry conditions. Under humid conditions, however, all samples, regardless of drug loading, showed recrystallization upon storage. In terms of dissolution, all freshly prepared formulations showed supersaturation. For drug loadings below PFC, a degree of supersaturation (DS) around 15 was measured before precipitation was observed. For drug loadings at PFC, the DS was found to be lower and only 6-times compared to the crystalline solubility. Lastly, for those samples that remained amorphous during storage for 18 months, the release profiles were found to be the same as the freshly loaded samples, with similar Cmax, Tmax and dissolution rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han J, Tang M, Yang Y, Sun W, Yue Z, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Liu X, Wang J. Amorphous solid dispersions: Stability mechanism, design strategy and key production technique of hot melt extrusion. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123490. [PMID: 37805146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Solid dispersion (SD) system has been used as an effective formulation strategy to increase in vitro and in vivo performances of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as solubility/dissolution, stability and bioavailability. This review provides a comprehensive SD classification and identifies the most popular amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Meanwhile, this review further puts forward the systematic design strategy of satisfactory ASDs in terms of drug properties, carrier selection, preparation methods and stabilization mechanisms. In addition, hot melt extrusion (HME) as the continuous manufacturing technique is described including the principle and structure of HME instrument, key process parameters and production application, in order to guide the scale-up of ASDs and develop more ASD products to the market in pharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Han
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China; Changzhou Pharmaceutical Factory Co., LTD, Changzhou 213018, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Tang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Wen Sun
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Zhimin Yue
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Yunran Zhang
- Changzhou Pharmaceutical Factory Co., LTD, Changzhou 213018, PR China
| | - Yijun Zhu
- Changzhou Pharmaceutical Factory Co., LTD, Changzhou 213018, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China.
| | - Jue Wang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kapourani A, Manioudaki AE, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Barmpalexis P. Utilizing Drug Amorphous Solid Dispersions for the Preparation of Dronedarone per os Formulations. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4292. [PMID: 37959973 PMCID: PMC10649729 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dronedarone (DRN), an antiarrhythmic drug, exhibits potent pharmacological effects in the management of cardiac arrhythmias. Despite its therapeutic potential, DRN faces formulation challenges due to its low aqueous solubility. Hence, the present study is dedicated to the examination of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) as a strategic approach for enhancing the solubility of DRN. Initially, the glass forming ability (GFA) of API was assessed alongside its thermal degradation profile, and it was revealed that DRN is a stable glass former (GFA III compound) that remains thermally stable up to approximately 200 °C. Subsequently, five commonly used ASD matrix/carriers, i.e., hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), povidone (PVP), copovidone (PVP/VA), Soluplus® (SOL), and Eudragit® E PO (EPO), were screened for the formation of a DRN-based ASD using film casting and solvent shift methods, along with miscibility evaluation measurements. SOL proved to be the most promising matrix/carrier among the others, and, hence, was used to prepare DRN ASDs via the melt-quench method. The physicochemical characterization of the prepared systems (via pXRD) revealed the complete amorphization of the API within the matrix/carrier, while the system was physically stable for at least three months after its preparation. In vitro release studies for the ASDs, conducted under non-sink conditions, revealed the sustained supersaturation of the drug for at least 8 h. Finally, the use of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy showed the formation of a strong molecular interaction between the drug molecules and SOL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Kapourani
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.-E.M.); (K.N.K.)
| | - Alexandra-Eleftheria Manioudaki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.-E.M.); (K.N.K.)
| | - Konstantinos N. Kontogiannopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.-E.M.); (K.N.K.)
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.-E.M.); (K.N.K.)
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence-AUTH (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Budiman A, Handini AL, Muslimah MN, Nurani NV, Laelasari E, Kurniawansyah IS, Aulifa DL. Amorphous Solid Dispersion as Drug Delivery Vehicles in Cancer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3380. [PMID: 37631436 PMCID: PMC10457821 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment has improved over the past decades, but a major challenge lies in drug formulation, specifically for oral administration. Most anticancer drugs have poor water solubility which can affect their bioavailability. This causes suboptimal pharmacokinetic performance, resulting in limited efficacy and safety when administered orally. As a result, it is essential to develop a strategy to modify the solubility of anticancer drugs in oral formulations to improve their efficacy and safety. A promising approach that can be implemented is amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) which can enhance the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The addition of a polymer can cause stability in the formulations and maintain a high supersaturation in bulk medium. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize and elucidate the mechanisms and impact of an amorphous solid dispersion system on cancer therapy. To gather relevant information, a comprehensive search was conducted using keywords such as "anticancer drug" and "amorphous solid dispersion" in the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The review provides an overview and discussion of the issues related to the ASD system used to improve the bioavailability of anticancer drugs based on molecular pharmaceutics. A thorough understanding of anticancer drugs in this system at a molecular level is imperative for the rational design of the products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Budiman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Annisa Luthfiyah Handini
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Mutia Nur Muslimah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Neng Vera Nurani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Eli Laelasari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Insan Sunan Kurniawansyah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Diah Lia Aulifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang J, Guo M, Luo M, Cai T. Advances in the development of amorphous solid dispersions: The role of polymeric carriers. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100834. [PMID: 37635801 PMCID: PMC10450425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one of the most effective approaches for delivering poorly soluble drugs. In ASDs, polymeric materials serve as the carriers in which the drugs are dispersed at the molecular level. To prepare the solid dispersions, there are many polymers with various physicochemical and thermochemical characteristics available for use in ASD formulations. Polymer selection is of great importance because it influences the stability, solubility and dissolution rates, manufacturing process, and bioavailability of the ASD. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of ASDs from the perspectives of physicochemical characteristics of polymers, formulation designs and preparation methods. Furthermore, considerations of safety and regulatory requirements along with the studies recommended for characterizing and evaluating polymeric carriers are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Minshan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Minqian Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kokott M, Klinken S, Breitkreutz J, Wiedey R. Downstream processing of amorphous solid dispersions into orodispersible tablets. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122493. [PMID: 36528189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The formulation development of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) towards a patient-friendly oral solid dosage form is proving to be still challenging. To increase patient's compliance orodispersible tablets (ODTs) can be seen as promising alternative. Two different ASDs were prepared via hot melt extrusion (HME), using PVPVA as polymer for ritonavir (RTV) and HPMCAS for lopinavir (LPV). The extrudates were milled, sieved, and blended with Hisorad® (HRD) or Ludiflash® (LF), two established co-processed excipients (CPE) prior to tableting. Interestingly, the selected ASD particle size was pointed out to be a key parameter for a fast disintegration and high mechanical strength. In terms of PVPVA based ASDs, larger particle sizes > 500 µm enabled a rapid disintegration even under 30 s for 50 % ASD loaded ODTs, whereas the use of smaller particles went along with significant higher disintegration times. However, the influence of the CPE was immense for PVPVA based ASDs, since it was only possible to prepare well performing ODTs, when Hisorad® was chosen. In contrast for HPMCAS based ASDs the selection of smaller particle sizes 180-500 µm was beneficial for overcoming the poor compressibility of the ASD matrix polymer. ODTs with LPV could be produced using both CPEs even with higher ASD loads up to 75 %, while still showing remarkably fast disintegration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Kokott
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr, 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Klinken
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr, 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr, 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Raphael Wiedey
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr, 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alzahrani A, Nyavanandi D, Mandati P, Adel Ali Youssef A, Narala S, Bandari S, Repka M. A systematic and robust assessment of hot-melt extrusion-based amorphous solid dispersions: Theoretical prediction to practical implementation. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121951. [PMID: 35753536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have gained attention as a formulation strategy in recent years, with the potential to improve the apparent solubility and, hence, the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. The process of formulating ASDs is commonly faced with challenges owing to the intrinsic physical and chemical instability of the initial amorphous form and the long-term physical stability of drug formulations. Numerous research publications on hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology have demonstrated that it is the most efficient approach for manufacturing reasonably stable ASDs. The HME technique has been established as a faster scale-up production strategy for formulation evaluation and has the potential to minimize the time to market. Thermodynamic evaluation and theoretical predictions of drug-polymer solubility and miscibility may assist to reduce the product development cost by HME. This review article highlights robust and established prediction theories and experimental approaches for the selection of polymeric carriers for the development of hot melt extrusion based stable amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). In addition, this review makes a significant contribution to the literature as a pilot guide for ASD assessment, as well as to confirm the drug-polymer compatibility and physical stability of HME-based formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677; Department of Pharmacy, East Jeddah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah 22253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dinesh Nyavanandi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Preethi Mandati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Michael Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Comparison of Paliperidone Palmitate from Different Crystallization Processes and Effect on Formulations In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051094. [PMID: 35631680 PMCID: PMC9144547 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is an important factor which can affect the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals. This study was designed to investigate the nature of paliperidone palmitate (PP) obtained by different crystallization processes, then compare the characteristics between test formulations which prepared PP of different crystallization and reference formulations (Invega Sustenna®) in vitro and in vivo. Two different PPs, namely PP-1 and PP-2, were prepared by different crystallization methods. Contact angle, morphology, and crystallinity of the PPs were characterized. Taking the particle sizes and distribution of Invega Sustenna® as reference, test formulations were prepared by the wet milling method using either a PP-1 or PP-2 sample. Their release behavior, stability in vitro, and pharmacokinetics in vivo were subsequently investigated. The results indicated that PP-2 had a higher surface free energy (SFE). More small particles were attached to the PP-1 surface under the influence of crystallization temperature. Different crystallization processes did not change the crystal of PP, but changed the crystallinity of PP. There was no obvious difference in in vitro releases between test formulations. However, the stability and state of formulation containing PP-2 were better compared to formulations containing PP-1, indicated by differences in crystallinity and SFE. Meanwhile, pharmacokinetic in vivo results demonstrated that the pharmacokinetic profiles and parameters of formulation containing PP-2 and Invega Sustenna® tended to be consistent, but those of formulations containing PP-1 were significantly different from those of formulations containing PP-2 or Invega Sustenna®, and there was burst release phenomenon of formulations containing PP-1 in rats. PP made by different crystallization processes could induce changes in appearance, SFE, and crystallinity, and further affect the stability, state, and pharmacokinetic in vivo formulation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Saraf I, Roskar R, Modhave D, Brunsteiner M, Karn A, Neshchadin D, Gescheidt G, Paudel A. Forced Solid-State Oxidation Studies of Nifedipine-PVP Amorphous Solid Dispersion. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:568-583. [PMID: 35060741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the oxidative degradation behavior of nifedipine (NIF) in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) prepared with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) with a short (K30) and a long (K90) chain length was investigated. The ASDs were prepared via dry ball-milling and analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray scattering, and differential scanning calorimetry. The ASDs were exposed to accelerated thermal-oxidative conditions using a pressurized oxygen headspace (120 °C for 1 day) and high temperatures at atmospheric pressure (60-120 °C for a period of 42 days). Additionally, solution-state oxidative degradation studies showed that pure NIF degrades to a greater extent than in the presence of PVP. Electronic structure calculations were performed to understand the impact of drug-polymer intermolecular interactions on the autoxidation of drugs. While no drug degradation was observed in freshly prepared ASD samples, alkyl free radicals were detected via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The free radicals were found to be consumed to a greater extent by PVP K30- than PVP K90-based ASDs upon exposure to high oxygen pressures. This was consistent with the greater solid-state oxidative degradation of NIF observed in ASDs with PVP K30 than with PVP K90. As no drug recrystallization occurred during this study period, the lower glass-transition temperature and presumed greater molecular mobility of PVP K30 and its ASD as compared to the PVP K90 system appear to contribute to the greater drug degradation in PVP-K30-based ASDs. The extent and the rate of oxidative degradation were higher in the case of PVP-K30-based ASD as compared to that in PVP-K90-based ASD, and the overall degradation increased with an increase in temperature. IR spectral analysis of drug-polymer interactions supports the electronic calculations of the oxidation process. We infer that, apart from the initial free radical content, the difference in the extent of drug-polymer intermolecular interactions in ASDs and amorphous stabilization during the forced oxidation experiments contribute to the observed differences in the autoxidative reactivity of the drug in ASDs with different PVP chain lengths. Overall, the chemical degradation of NIF in ASDs with two PVP chain lengths obtained from accelerated solid-state oxidation studies was in qualitative agreement with that obtained from long-term (3 years) storage under ambient conditions. The study highlights the ability of accelerated processes to determine the oxidative degradation behavior of polymeric ASDs and suggests that the polymer chain length could factor into chemical as well as physical stability considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Saraf
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Roskar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dattatray Modhave
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Brunsteiner
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anjali Karn
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dmytro Neshchadin
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Terban MW, Billinge SJL. Structural Analysis of Molecular Materials Using the Pair Distribution Function. Chem Rev 2022; 122:1208-1272. [PMID: 34788012 PMCID: PMC8759070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This is a review of atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis as applied to the study of molecular materials. The PDF method is a powerful approach to study short- and intermediate-range order in materials on the nanoscale. It may be obtained from total scattering measurements using X-rays, neutrons, or electrons, and it provides structural details when defects, disorder, or structural ambiguities obscure their elucidation directly in reciprocal space. While its uses in the study of inorganic crystals, glasses, and nanomaterials have been recently highlighted, significant progress has also been made in its application to molecular materials such as carbons, pharmaceuticals, polymers, liquids, coordination compounds, composites, and more. Here, an overview of applications toward a wide variety of molecular compounds (organic and inorganic) and systems with molecular components is presented. We then present pedagogical descriptions and tips for further implementation. Successful utilization of the method requires an interdisciplinary consolidation of material preparation, high quality scattering experimentation, data processing, model formulation, and attentive scrutiny of the results. It is hoped that this article will provide a useful reference to practitioners for PDF applications in a wide realm of molecular sciences, and help new practitioners to get started with this technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell W. Terban
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon J. L. Billinge
- Department
of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Miscibility and Solubility of Caffeine and Theophylline in Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111836. [PMID: 34834251 PMCID: PMC8624303 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As amorphization may improve the solubility and bioavailability of a drug substance, the aim of this work was to assess to what extent the crystallinity of caffeine (CAF) and theophylline (TF) can be reduced by homogenization with a polymeric excipient. To realize this purpose, the physical mixtures of both methylxanthines with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot-stage microscopy (HSM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, phase diagrams for the physical mixtures were calculated using theoretical data. Results of DSC experiments suggested that both CAF and TF underwent amorphization, which indicated proportional loss of crystallinity for methylxanthines in the mixtures with HPMC. Additionally, HSM revealed that no other crystalline or amorphous phases were created other than those observed for CAF and TF. FTIR and Raman spectra displayed all the bands characteristic for methylxanthines in mixtures with HPMC, thereby excluding changes in their chemical structures. However, changes to the intensity of the bands created by hydrogen bonds imply the formation of hydrogen bonding in the carbonyl group of methylxanthines and the methyl polymer group. This is consistent with data obtained using principal component analysis. The findings of these studies revealed the quantities of methylxanthines which may be dissolved in the polymer at a given temperature and the composition at which methylxanthines and polymer are sufficiently miscible to form a solid solution.
Collapse
|
16
|
Müller M, Wiedey R, Hoheisel W, Serno P, Breitkreutz J. Impact of co-administered stabilizers on the biopharmaceutical performance of regorafenib amorphous solid dispersions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 169:189-199. [PMID: 34756974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Poor solubility of drug candidates is a well-known and thoroughly studied challenge in the development of oral dosage forms. One important approach to tackle this challenge is the formulation as an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD). To reach the desired biopharmaceutical improvement a high supersaturation has to be reached quickly and then be conserved long enough for absorption to take place. In the presented study, various formulations of regorafenib have been produced and characterized in biorelevant in-vitro experiments. Povidone-based formulations, which are equivalent to the marketed product Stivarga®, showed a fast drug release but limited stability and robustness after that. In contrast, HPMCAS-based formulations exhibited excellent stability of the supersaturated solution, but unacceptably slow drug release. The attempt to combine the desired attributes of both formulations by producing a ternary ASD failed. Only co-administration of HPMCAS as an external stabilizer to the rapidly releasing Povidone-based ASDs led to the desired dissolution profile and high robustness. This optimized formulation was tested in a pharmacokinetic animal model using Wistar rats. Despite the promising in-vitro results, the new formulation did not perform better in the animal model. No differences in AUC could be detected when compared to the conventional (marketed) formulation. These data represent to first in-vivo study of the new concept of external stabilization of ASDs. Subsequent in-vitro studies revealed that temporary exposure of the ASD to gastric medium had a significant and long-lasting effect on the dissolution performance and externally administered stabilizer could not prevent this sufficiently. By applying the co-administered HPMCAS as an enteric coating onto Stivarga tablets, a new bi-functional approach was realized. This approach achieved the desired tailoring of the dissolution profile and high robustness against gastric medium as well as against seeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Invite GmbH, Formulation Technologies, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Raphael Wiedey
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | - Peter Serno
- Bayer AG, Research Center Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Figueiredo S, Fernandes AI, Carvalho FG, Pinto JF. Performance and paroxetine stability in tablets manufactured by fused deposition modelling-based 3D printing. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:67-76. [PMID: 34591102 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to develop a method for the preparation and characterization of paroxetine (PRX) tablets, obtained by coupling hot-melt extrusion and fused deposition modelling (FDM)-based three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology. The impact of the printing process parameters on the drug stability and on the tablets performance was assessed. METHODS Tablets were obtained by FDM of hot-melt extruded PRX-loaded filaments. Physicochemical, thermal, spectroscopic, diffractometric analysis and in-vitro dissolution tests of the intermediate products and the finished dosage forms were performed. KEY FINDINGS The characterization of printed tablets evidenced mass and dimensions uniformity, and consistency of drug content and dissolution profile. The formation of amorphous solid dispersions and interaction of formulation components throughout the manufacturing process were demonstrated. Layer thickness, printing temperature, printing and travelling speeds, and infill were the most impacting process parameters on both the physicochemical properties and the in-vitro performance of the 3D-printed tablets. CONCLUSIONS PRX tablets, meeting compendial limits, were manufactured by 3DP, envisaging their clinical use as individually designed dosage forms. The assessment of the impact of processing parameters on the printed tablets provided insights, which will ultimately allow streamlining of the 3D process set-up for quicker and easier production of patient-centric medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Figueiredo
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana I Fernandes
- CiiEM, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fátima G Carvalho
- Infosaúde - Laboratório de Estudos Farmacêuticos, Barcarena, Portugal
| | - João F Pinto
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Newman A, Zografi G. What Are the Important Factors That Influence API Crystallization in Miscible Amorphous API-Excipient Mixtures during Long-Term Storage in the Glassy State? Mol Pharm 2021; 19:378-391. [PMID: 34378939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, the authors examine the various factors that should be considered when attempting to use miscible amorphous API-excipient mixtures (amorphous solid dispersions and coamorphous systems) to prevent the solid-state crystallization of API molecules when isothermally stored for long periods of time (a year or more) in the glassy state. After presenting an overview of a variety of studies designed to obtain a better understanding of possible mechanisms by which amorphous API undergo physical instability and by which excipients generally appear to inhibit API crystallization from the amorphous state, we examined 78 studies that reported acceptable physical stability of such systems, stored below Tg under "dry" conditions for one year or more. These results were examined more closely in terms of two major contributing factors: the degree to which a reduction in diffusional molecular mobility and API-excipient molecular interactions operates to inhibit crystallization. These two parameters were chosen because the data are readily available in early development to help compare amorphous systems. Since Tg - T = 50 K is often used as a rule of thumb for the establishing the minimum value below Tg required to reduce diffusional mobility to a period of years, it was interesting to observe that 30 of the 78 studies still produced significant physical stability at values of Tg - T < 50 K (3-47 °C), suggesting that factors besides diffusive molecular mobility likely contribute. A closer look at the Tg - T < 50 systems shows that hydrogen bonding, proton transfer, disruption of API-API self-associations (such as dimers), and possible π-π stacking were reported for most of the systems. In contrast, five crystallized systems that were monitored for a year or more were also examined. These systems exhibited Tg - T values of 9-79, with three of them exhibiting Tg - T < 50. For these three samples, none displayed molecular interactions by infrared spectroscopy. A discussion on the impact of relative humidity on long-term crystallization in the glass was included, with attention paid to the relative water vapor sorption by various excipients and effects on diffusive mobility and molecular interactions between API and excipient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Newman
- Seventh Street Development Group, Kure Beach, North Carolina 28449, United States
| | - George Zografi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bhujbal SV, Mitra B, Jain U, Gong Y, Agrawal A, Karki S, Taylor LS, Kumar S, (Tony) Zhou Q. Pharmaceutical amorphous solid dispersion: A review of manufacturing strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2505-2536. [PMID: 34522596 PMCID: PMC8424289 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are popular for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Various approaches have been employed to produce ASDs and novel techniques are emerging. This review provides an updated overview of manufacturing techniques for preparing ASDs. As physical stability is a critical quality attribute for ASD, the impact of formulation, equipment, and process variables, together with the downstream processing on physical stability of ASDs have been discussed. Selection strategies are proposed to identify suitable manufacturing methods, which may aid in the development of ASDs with satisfactory physical stability.
Collapse
Key Words
- 3DP, three-dimensional printing
- ASDs, amorphous solid dispersions
- ASES, aerosol solvent extraction system
- Amorphous solid dispersions
- CAP, cellulose acetate phthalate
- CO2, carbon dioxide
- CSG, continuous-spray granulation
- Co-precipitation
- Downstream processing
- Drug delivery
- EPAS, evaporative aqueous solution precipitation
- Eudragit®, polymethacrylates derivatives
- FDM, fused deposition modeling
- GAS, gas antisolvent
- HME, hot-melt extrusion
- HPC, hydroxypropyl cellulose
- HPMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- HPMCAS, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate
- HPMCP, hypromellose phthalate
- Manufacturing
- Melting process
- PCA, precipitation with compressed fluid antisolvent
- PGSS, precipitation from gas-saturated solutions
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid
- PVP, polyvinylpyrrolidone
- PVPVA, polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate
- RESS, rapid expansion of a supercritical solution
- SAS, supercritical antisolvent
- SCFs, supercritical fluids
- SEDS, solution-enhanced dispersion by SCF
- SLS, selective laser sintering
- Selection criteria
- Soluplus®, polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer
- Solvent evaporation
- Stability
- Tg, glass transition temperature
- USC, ultrasound compaction
- scCO2, supercritical CO2
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonal V. Bhujbal
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Biplob Mitra
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Uday Jain
- Material Science and Engineering, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Yuchuan Gong
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Anjali Agrawal
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Shyam Karki
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Qi (Tony) Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The application of freeze-drying as a production method of drug nanocrystals and solid dispersions – A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
21
|
Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Rams-Baron M, Paluch M. Current research trends in dielectric relaxation studies of amorphous pharmaceuticals: Physical stability, tautomerism, and the role of hydrogen bonding. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
22
|
Zhang Y, Gao Y, Du X, Guan R, He Z, Liu H. Combining Co-Amorphous-Based Spray Drying with Inert Carriers to Achieve Improved Bioavailability and Excellent Downstream Manufacturability. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111063. [PMID: 33171591 PMCID: PMC7695141 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is crucial to improve poorly water-soluble orally administered drugs through both preclinical and therapeutic drug discovery. A co-amorphous formulation consisting of two low molecular weight (MW) molecules offers a solubility/dissolubility advantage over its crystalline form by maintaining their amorphous status. Here, we report on a co-amorphous solid dispersion (SD) system that includes inert carriers (lactose monohydrate or microcrystalline cellulose) and co-amorphous sacubitril (SAC)-valsartan (VAL) using the spray drying process. The strong molecular interactions between drugs were the driving force for forming robust co-amorphous SDs. Our system provided the highest solubility with more than ~11.5- and 3.12-times solubility increases when compared with the physical mixtures. Co-amorphous lactose monohydrate (LM) SDs showed better bioavailability of APIs (~356.27.8% and 154.01% for the relative bioavailability of LBQ 657 and valsartan, respectively). Co-amorphous inert carrier SDs possessed an excellent compressibility for the production of a direct compression pharmaceutical product. In conclusion, these brand-new co-amorphous SDs could reduce the number of unit processes to produce a final pharmaceutical product for downstream manufacturability.
Collapse
|
23
|
The efficient development of a sildenafil orally disintegrating tablet using a material sparing and expedited approach. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119816. [PMID: 32877727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to develop an orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) of sildenafil (SIL) using a materials sparing and expedited development approach, enabled by the materials science tetrahedron principle and predictive technologies. To overcome the problem of bitter taste of SIL, an artificial sweetener, acesulfame (Acs), was used to form a sweet SIL salt (SIL-Acs) using an effective reaction crystallization process to prepare phase pure bulk SIL-Acs with a high yield. The SIL-Acs salt shows excellent thermal stability (Tm = 200.2 °C), low hygroscopicity, and acceptable dissolution rate. Formulation and process parameters were optimized based on powder flowability, tabletability, tablet disintegration time, and expedited friability. A particle engineering approach, i.e., nanocoating, was employed to attain adequate flowability of the SIL-Acs ODT formulation required for the direct compression process. The wide range of compression forces for making tablets exhibiting both fast disintegration time (≤30 s) and low friability (≤0.8%) suggested excellent flexibility in manufacturing SIL-Acs ODT. The development of a sildenafil ODT formulation, including solid form selection and characterization, crystallization method development, formulation development, and DC process optimization, only required 5 g of SIL citrate and 2 weeks of time.
Collapse
|
24
|
Applications of X-ray Powder Diffraction in Protein Crystallography and Drug Screening. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Providing fundamental information on intra/intermolecular interactions and physicochemical properties, the three-dimensional structural characterization of biological macromolecules is of extreme importance towards understanding their mechanism of action. Among other methods, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) has proved its applicability and efficiency in numerous studies of different materials. Owing to recent methodological advances, this method is now considered a respectable tool for identifying macromolecular phase transitions, quantitative analysis, and determining structural modifications of samples ranging from small organics to full-length proteins. An overview of the XRPD applications and recent improvements related to the study of challenging macromolecules and peptides toward structure-based drug design is discussed. This review congregates recent studies in the field of drug formulation and delivery processes, as well as in polymorph identification and the effect of ligands and environmental conditions upon crystal characteristics. These studies further manifest the efficiency of protein XRPD for quick and accurate preliminary structural characterization.
Collapse
|
25
|
Takano R, Maurer R, Jacob L, Stowasser F, Stillhart C, Page S. Formulating Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Impact of Inorganic Salts on Drug Release from Tablets Containing Itraconazole-HPMC Extrudate. Mol Pharm 2019; 17:2768-2778. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Takano
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland
- Discovery Technology Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Reto Maurer
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Jacob
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Frank Stowasser
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Cordula Stillhart
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Page
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Effects of Temperature and Ionic Strength of Dissolution Medium on the Gelation of Amorphous Lurasidone Hydrochloride. Pharm Res 2019; 36:72. [PMID: 30915636 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Amorphous lurasidone hydrochloride (LH) showed decreased dissolution behavior in comparison to crystalline LH owing to gelation during dissolution as reported in our previous study. The current study aims to investigate external factors including temperature and ionic strength on the gelation and hence the dissolution of amorphous LH. METHODS Dissolution tests of amorphous LH were performed under different temperatures and buffer ionic strengths. The formed gels were characterized by rheology study, texture analysis, PLM, SEM, DSC, XRPD and FTIR. RESULTS With the increase of temperature and ionic strength of medium, the dissolution of amorphous LH decreased, while the strength, hardness and adhesiveness of in situ formed gel enhanced. Amorphous LH converted into its crystalline state during dissolution and the crystallization rate was affected by medium conditions. With medium temperature increasing from 30°C to 45°C, the gel microstructure changed from interconnecting fibrillar network to spherical particle aggregate. On the other hand, the formed spherulitic gel aggregate exhibited increased particle size when increasing the ionic strength of medium. CONCLUSIONS With increase of temperature and ionic strength, the gel strength of in situ formed gel from amorphous LH enhanced with more compact microstructure, subsequently leading to decreased dissolution profiles.
Collapse
|
27
|
Development of an amorphous nanosuspension by sonoprecipitation-formulation and process optimization using design of experiment methodology. Int J Pharm 2019; 559:348-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
28
|
Gökbulut E, Vural İ, Aşıkoğlu M, Özdemir N. Floating drug delivery system of itraconazole: Formulation, in vitro and in vivo studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
29
|
Ousset A, Bassand C, Chavez PF, Meeus J, Robin F, Schubert MA, Somville P, Dodou K. Development of a small-scale spray-drying approach for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) screening in early drug development. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 24:560-574. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1534861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Ousset
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Céline Bassand
- UCB Pharma S.A., Product Development, Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Joke Meeus
- UCB Pharma S.A., Product Development, Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Florent Robin
- UCB Pharma S.A., Product Development, Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Pascal Somville
- UCB Pharma S.A., Product Development, Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Kalliopi Dodou
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Relationship between amorphous solid dispersion in vivo absorption and in vitro dissolution: phase behavior during dissolution, speciation, and membrane mass transport. J Control Release 2018; 292:172-182. [PMID: 30408553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enzalutamide is a fast crystallizing, hydrophobic compound that has solubility limited absorption in vivo. Given the low aqueous solubility of this compound, it was of interest to evaluate amorphous formulations in vitro and in vivo. Amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) of enzalutamide were prepared with the hydrophilic polymers, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and copovidone (PVPVA). A side-by-side diffusion cell was developed as an in vitro characterization tool to discriminate enzalutamide ASDs based upon the solute thermodynamic activity achieved during dissolution and its impact on the subsequent membrane transport rates, phase behavior, and drug speciation. The same formulations were then tested in vivo in rats using oral dosing of ASD suspensions. Different levels of plasma exposure were observed between the ASDs, which could be correlated to the phase behaviors of the ASDs following dissolution. Unsurprisingly, ASDs that underwent crystallization show lower plasma exposures. However, differences were also observed between ASDs that dissolved to form nanosized amorphous drug aggregates versus those that dissolved to yield only supersaturated solutions, with the former outperforming the latter in terms of the plasma exposure. These observations highlight the importance of thoroughly understanding the phase behavior of an amorphous formulation following dissolution and the need to discriminate between different types of precipitation, specifically crystallization versus glass liquid phase separation to form nanosized amorphous aggregates.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ousset A, Chirico R, Robin F, Schubert MA, Somville P, Dodou K. A Novel Protocol Using Small-Scale Spray-Drying for the Efficient Screening of Solid Dispersions in Early Drug Development and Formulation, as a Straight Pathway from Screening to Manufacturing Stages. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11030081. [PMID: 30150516 PMCID: PMC6160943 DOI: 10.3390/ph11030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes a novel screening strategy that implements small-scale spray-drying in early development of binary amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). The proposed methodology consists of a three-stage decision protocol in which small batches (20–100 mg) of spray-dried solid dispersions (SDSDs) are evaluated in terms of drug–polymer miscibility, physical stability and dissolution performance in bio-predictive conditions. The objectives are to select the adequate carrier and drug-loading (DL) for the manufacturing of robust SDSD; and the appropriate stabilizer dissolved in the liquid vehicle of SDSD suspensions, which constitutes the common dosage form used during non-clinical studies. This methodology was verified with CDP146, a poorly water soluble (<2 µg/mL) API combined with four enteric polymers and four stabilizers. CDP146/HPMCAS-LF 40:60 (w/w) and 10% (w/v) PVPVA were identified as the lead SDSD and the best performing stabilizer, respectively. Lead SDSD suspensions (1–50 mg/mL) were found to preserve complete amorphous state during 8 h and maintain supersaturation in simulated rat intestinal fluids during the absorption window. Therefore, the implementation of spray-drying as a small-scale screening approach allowed maximizing screening effectiveness with respect to very limited API amounts (735 mg) and time resources (9 days), while removing transfer steps between screening and manufacturing phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Ousset
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR13SD, UK.
| | - Rosanna Chirico
- UCB Pharma S.A., Product Development, B-1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium.
| | - Florent Robin
- UCB Pharma S.A., Product Development, B-1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium.
| | | | - Pascal Somville
- UCB Pharma S.A., Product Development, B-1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium.
| | - Kalliopi Dodou
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR13SD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Démuth B, Galata DL, Balogh A, Szabó E, Nagy B, Farkas A, Hirsch E, Pataki H, Vigh T, Mensch J, Verreck G, Nagy ZK, Marosi G. Application of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as a protective agent against magnesium stearate induced crystallization of amorphous itraconazole. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:301-308. [PMID: 29902510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Itraconazole is a fungicide drug which has low bioavailability due to its poor water solubility. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a tool that has the potential to greatly increase the dissolution rate and extent of compounds. In this work, the dissolution of tablets containing the ASD of itraconazole with either hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVPVA) was compared in order to find a formulation which can prevent the drug from the precipitation caused by magnesium stearate. Formulations containing the PVPVA-based ASD with HPMC included in various forms could reach 90% dissolution in 2 h, while HPMC-based ASDs could release 100% of the drug. However, HPMC-based ASD had remarkably poor grindability and low bulk density, which limited its processability and applicability. The latter issue could be resolved by roller compacting the ASD, which significantly increases the bulk density and the flowability of the powder blends used for tableting. This roller compaction step might be a base for the industrial application of HPMC-based, electrospun ASDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Démuth
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - D L Galata
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - A Balogh
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - E Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - B Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - A Farkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - E Hirsch
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - H Pataki
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - T Vigh
- Janssen Research and Development, 2340 Beerse, Turnhoutseweg 30, Belgium
| | - J Mensch
- Janssen Research and Development, 2340 Beerse, Turnhoutseweg 30, Belgium
| | - G Verreck
- Janssen Research and Development, 2340 Beerse, Turnhoutseweg 30, Belgium
| | - Z K Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary.
| | - G Marosi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bhardwaj V, Trasi NS, Zemlyanov DY, Taylor LS. Surface area normalized dissolution to study differences in itraconazole-copovidone solid dispersions prepared by spray-drying and hot melt extrusion. Int J Pharm 2018; 540:106-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
34
|
Prediction of Phase Behavior of Spray-Dried Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Assessment of Thermodynamic Models, Standard Screening Methods and a Novel Atomization Screening Device with Regard to Prediction Accuracy. Pharmaceutics 2018. [PMID: 29518936 PMCID: PMC5874842 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of drug–polymer miscibility in the early phase of drug development is essential to ensure successful amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) manufacturing. This work investigates the comparison of thermodynamic models, conventional experimental screening methods (solvent casting, quench cooling), and a novel atomization screening device based on their ability to predict drug–polymer miscibility, solid state properties (Tg value and width), and adequate polymer selection during the development of spray-dried amorphous solid dispersions (SDASDs). Binary ASDs of four drugs and seven polymers were produced at 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, and 80:20 (w/w). Samples were systematically analyzed using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to qualitatively assess the predictability of screening methods with regards to SDASD development. Poor correlation was found between theoretical models and experimentally-obtained results. Additionally, the limited ability of usual screening methods to predict the miscibility of SDASDs did not guarantee the appropriate selection of lead excipient for the manufacturing of robust SDASDs. Contrary to standard approaches, our novel screening device allowed the selection of optimal polymer and drug loading and established insight into the final properties and performance of SDASDs at an early stage, therefore enabling the optimization of the scaled-up late-stage development.
Collapse
|
35
|
Stable and Fast-Dissolving Amorphous Drug Composites Preparation via Impregnation of Neusilin® UFL2. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:170-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
36
|
Mugheirbi NA, Marsac PJ, Taylor LS. Insights into Water-Induced Phase Separation in Itraconazole–Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose Spin Coated and Spray Dried Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4387-4402. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naila A. Mugheirbi
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Patrick J. Marsac
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wei Q, Keck CM, Müller RH. Solidification of hesperidin nanosuspension by spray drying optimized by design of experiment (DoE). Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:1-12. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1285309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qionghua Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and NutriCosmetics, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia M. Keck
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and NutriCosmetics, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- PharmaSol GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer H. Müller
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and NutriCosmetics, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Newman A, Reutzel-Edens SM, Zografi G. Coamorphous Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient-Small Molecule Mixtures: Considerations in the Choice of Coformers for Enhancing Dissolution and Oral Bioavailability. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:5-17. [PMID: 28989014 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, coamorphous systems, containing an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a small molecule coformer have appeared as alternatives to the use of either amorphous solid dispersions containing polymer or cocrystals of API and small molecule coformers, to improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble crystalline API. This Commentary article considers the relative properties of amorphous solid dispersions and coamorphous systems in terms of methods of preparation; miscibility; glass transition temperature; physical stability; hygroscopicity; and aqueous dissolution. It also considers important questions concerning the fundamental criteria to be used for the proper selection of a small molecule coformer regarding its ability to form either coamorphous or cocrystal systems. Finally, we consider various aspects of product development that are specifically associated with the formulation of commercial coamorphous systems as solid oral dosage forms. These include coformer selection; screening; methods of preparation; preformulation; physical stability; bioavailability; and final formulation. Through such an analysis of coamorphous API-small molecule coformer systems, against the more widely studied API-polymer dispersions and cocrystals, it is believed that the strengths and weaknesses of coamorphous systems can be better understood, leading to more efficient formulation and manufacture of such systems for enhancing oral bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Newman
- Seventh Street Development Group LLC, Kure Beach, North Carolina 28449.
| | - Susan M Reutzel-Edens
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - George Zografi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Understanding the process-product-performance interplay of spray dried drug-polymer systems through complete structural and chemical characterization of single spray dried particles. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
40
|
Newman A, Hastedt JE, Yazdanian M. New directions in pharmaceutical amorphous materials and amorphous solid dispersions, a tribute to Professor George Zografi – Proceedings of the June 2016 Land O’Lakes Conference. AAPS OPEN 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41120-017-0017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
41
|
Viel Q, Delbreilh L, Coquerel G, Petit S, Dargent E. Molecular Mobility of an Amorphous Chiral Pharmaceutical Compound: Impact of Chirality and Chemical Purity. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:7729-7740. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Viel
- INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, and ‡Sciences et
Méthodes Séparatives, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Laurent Delbreilh
- INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, and ‡Sciences et
Méthodes Séparatives, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Gérard Coquerel
- INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, and ‡Sciences et
Méthodes Séparatives, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Samuel Petit
- INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, and ‡Sciences et
Méthodes Séparatives, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Eric Dargent
- INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, and ‡Sciences et
Méthodes Séparatives, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li W, Qing S, Zhi W, Yao H, Fu C, Niu X. The pharmacokinetics and anti-inflammatory effects of chelerythrine solid dispersions in vivo. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
43
|
Meng F, Meckel J, Zhang F. Investigation of itraconazole ternary amorphous solid dispersions based on povidone and Carbopol. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
44
|
Development of an analytical method for crystalline content determination in amorphous solid dispersions produced by hot-melt extrusion using transmission Raman spectroscopy: A feasibility study. Int J Pharm 2017; 530:249-255. [PMID: 28746834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of a quantitative method determining the crystalline percentage in an amorphous solid dispersion is of great interest in the pharmaceutical field. Indeed, the crystalline Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient transformation into its amorphous state is increasingly used as it enhances the solubility and bioavailability of Biopharmaceutical Classification System class II drugs. One way to produce amorphous solid dispersions is the Hot-Melt Extrusion (HME) process. This study reported the development and the comparison of the analytical performances of two techniques, based on backscattering and transmission Raman spectroscopy, determining the crystalline remaining content in amorphous solid dispersions produced by HME. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression were performed on preprocessed data and tended towards the same conclusions: for the backscattering Raman results, the use of the DuoScan™ mode improved the PCA and PLS results, due to a larger analyzed sampling volume. For the transmission Raman results, the determination of low crystalline percentages was possible and the best regression model was obtained using this technique. Indeed, the latter acquired spectra through the whole sample volume, in contrast with the previous surface analyses performed using the backscattering mode. This study consequently highlighted the importance of the analyzed sampling volume.
Collapse
|
45
|
Stewart AM, Grass ME, Brodeur TJ, Goodwin AK, Morgen MM, Friesen DT, Vodak DT. Impact of Drug-Rich Colloids of Itraconazole and HPMCAS on Membrane Flux in Vitro and Oral Bioavailability in Rats. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2437-2449. [PMID: 28591516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Improving the oral absorption of compounds with low aqueous solubility is a common challenge that often requires an enabling technology. Frequently, oral absorption can be improved by formulating the compound as an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD). Upon dissolution, an ASD can reach a higher concentration of unbound drug than the crystalline form, and often generates a large number of sub-micrometer, rapidly dissolving drug-rich colloids. These drug-rich colloids have the potential to decrease the diffusional resistance across the unstirred water layer of the intestinal tract (UWL) by acting as rapidly diffusing shuttles for unbound drug. In a prior study utilizing a membrane flux assay, we demonstrated that, for itraconazole, increasing the concentration of drug-rich colloids increased membrane flux in vitro. In this study, we evaluate spray-dried amorphous solid dispersions (SDDs) of itraconazole with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) to study the impact of varying concentrations of drug-rich colloids on the oral absorption of itraconazole in rats, and to quantify their impact on in vitro flux as a function of bile salt concentration. When Sporanox and itraconazole/AFFINISOL High Productivity HPMCAS SDDs were dosed in rats, the maximum absorption rate for each formulation rank-ordered with membrane flux in vitro. The relative maximum absorption rate in vivo correlated well with the in vitro flux measured in 2% SIF (26.8 mM bile acid concentration), a representative bile acid concentration for rats. In vitro it was found that as the bile salt concentration increases, the importance of colloids for improving UWL permeability is diminished. We demonstrate that drug-containing micelles and colloids both contribute to aqueous boundary layer diffusion in proportion to their diffusion coefficient and drug loading. These data suggest that, for compounds with very low aqueous solubility and high epithelial permeability, designing amorphous formulations that produce colloids on dissolution may be a viable approach to improve oral bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Stewart
- Global Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Science, Capsugel , Bend, Oregon 97701, United States
| | - Michael E Grass
- Global Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Science, Capsugel , Bend, Oregon 97701, United States
| | - Timothy J Brodeur
- Global Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Science, Capsugel , Bend, Oregon 97701, United States
| | - Aaron K Goodwin
- Global Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Science, Capsugel , Bend, Oregon 97701, United States
| | - Michael M Morgen
- Global Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Science, Capsugel , Bend, Oregon 97701, United States
| | - Dwayne T Friesen
- Global Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Science, Capsugel , Bend, Oregon 97701, United States
| | - David T Vodak
- Global Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Science, Capsugel , Bend, Oregon 97701, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Improvement of the physicochemical properties of Co-amorphous naproxen-indomethacin by naproxen-sodium. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:88-94. [PMID: 28392278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Improvement of the physicochemical properties of amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) applying the concept of co-amorphisation is a promising alternative to the use of polymer glass solutions. In co-amorphous systems, the physical stability and the dissolution rate of the involved components may be improved in comparison to the respective single amorphous phases. However, for the co-amorphous naproxen-indomethacin model system it has been reported that recrystallization could not be prevented for more than 112days regardless of the applied preparation method and blend ratio In the present study, it was thus tested if the physicochemical properties of co-amorphous naproxen-indomethacin could be optimized by incorporation of the naproxen sodium into the system. Three different co-amorphous systems in nine different molar ratios were prepared by quench-cooling: naproxen-indomethacin (NI), naproxen-sodium-naproxen-indomethacin (NSNI) and naproxen-sodium-indomethacin (NSI). The samples were analyzed by XRPD, FTIR, DSC and by intrinsic dissolution experiments to investigate the influence of naproxen-sodium on the resulting physicochemical properties of the systems. With the three systems, fully amorphous samples with single glass transition temperatures could be prepared with naproxen molar fractions up to 0.7. The NSI and NSNI systems showed up to about 40°C higher Tgs than the NI system. Furthermore, no recrystallization occurred during 270d of storage with the NSI and NSNI samples that were initially amorphous. Moreover, with the NSI system, the intrinsic dissolution rate of naproxen and indomethacin was improved by a factor of 2 compared to the unmodified NI system. In conclusion, the physical stability as well as the dissolution rate was significantly improved if partial or full exchange of naproxen by its sodium salt was performed, which may present a general optimization method to improve co-amorphous systems.
Collapse
|
47
|
Bioavailability enhancement of itraconazole-based solid dispersions produced by hot melt extrusion in the framework of the Three Rs rule. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 99:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
48
|
Karashima M, Sano N, Yamamoto S, Arai Y, Yamamoto K, Amano N, Ikeda Y. Enhanced pulmonary absorption of poorly soluble itraconazole by micronized cocrystal dry powder formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 115:65-72. [PMID: 28223260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Micronized cocrystal powders and amorphous spray-dried formulations were prepared and evaluated in vivo and in vitro as pulmonary absorption enhancement formulations of poorly soluble itraconazole (ITZ). ITZ cocrystals with succinic acid (SA) or l-tartaric acid (TA) with a particle size diameter of <2μm were successfully micronized using the jet-milling system. The cocrystal crystalline morphologies observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested particle shapes that differed from those of the crystalline or spray-dried amorphous ITZ. The micronized ITZ cocrystal powders showed better intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and pulmonary absorption profile in rats than that of the amorphous spray-dried formulation and crystalline ITZ with comparable particle sizes. Specifically, in rat pharmacokinetic studies following pulmonary administration, micronized ITZ-SA and ITZ-TA cocrystals showed area under the curve from 0 to 8h (AUC0-8h) values approximately 24- and 19-fold higher than those of the crystalline ITZ and 2.0- and 1.6-fold higher than the spray-dried ITZ amorphous values, respectively. The amorphous formulation appeared physically instable during the studies due to rapid crystallization of ITZ, which was its disadvantage compared to the crystalline formulations. Therefore, this study demonstrated that micronized cocrystals are promising formulations for enhancing the pulmonary absorption of poorly soluble compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Karashima
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Noriyasu Sano
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Yamamoto
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yuta Arai
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yamamoto
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Amano
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ikeda
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hamada Y, Ono M, Ohara M, Yonemochi E. Molecular Dynamics of Amorphous Sulfamethazine With Structurally Related Sulfonamide Impurities Evaluated Using Thermal Analysis. J Pharm Sci 2016; 106:1062-1068. [PMID: 28007560 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of structurally related organic impurities on the molecular dynamics of amorphous sulfamethazine were evaluated using thermal analysis. Sulfanilamide (SNA), sulfamerazine (SMR), and sulfadimethoxine were used as virtual impurities of sulfamethazine. The amorphous state was prepared in situ in differential scanning calorimetry by quenching the melted physical mixtures of sulfamethazine and each impurity compound in the differential scanning calorimetry pan. In the following heating process, the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of each were measured. The fragility parameters were estimated from the width of Tg. The Tg of amorphous sulfamethazine with those impurities changed in accordance with the manner set forth in the Gordon-Taylor equation. The fragility parameter slightly increased when a small amount of SNA or SMR was incorporated. Moreover, the probability of a measurement in which crystallization of sulfamethazine was observed above its Tg, increased at a low-concentration range of SNA, SMR, or sulfadimethoxine. It was considered that the existence of a small amount of impurity would induce heterogeneity in the molecular density of the amorphous state, which would be associated with the local fluctuation. It was suggested that the change in the molecular dynamics would be related to the probability of crystallization of sulfamethazine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Hamada
- Analytical and Quality Evaluation Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Makoto Ono
- Analytical and Quality Evaluation Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Motomu Ohara
- Analytical and Quality Evaluation Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Etsuo Yonemochi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Beyer A, Grohganz H, Löbmann K, Rades T, Leopold CS. Influence of the cooling rate and the blend ratio on the physical stability of co-amorphous naproxen/indomethacin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 109:140-148. [PMID: 27746228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Co-amorphization represents a promising approach to increase the physical stability and dissolution rate of amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) as an alternative to polymer glass solutions. For amorphous and co-amorphous systems, it is reported that the preparation method and the blend ratio play major roles with regard to the resulting physical stability. Therefore, in the present study, co-amorphous naproxen-indomethacin (NAP/IND) was prepared by melt-quenching at three different cooling rates and at ten different NAP/IND blend ratios. The samples were analyzed using XRPD and FTIR, both directly after preparation and during storage to investigate their physical stabilities. All cooling methods led to fully amorphous samples, but with significantly different physical stabilities. Samples prepared by fast cooling had a higher degree of crystallinity after 300d of storage than samples prepared by intermediate cooling and slow cooling. Intermediate cooling was subsequently used to prepare co-amorphous NAP/IND at different blend ratios. In a previous study, it was postulated that the equimolar (0.5:0.5) co-amorphous blend of NAP/IND is most stable. However, in the present study the physically most stable blend was found for a NAP/IND ratio of 0.6:0.4, which also represents the eutectic composition of the crystalline NAP/γ-IND system. This indicates that the eutectic point may be of major importance for the stability of binary co-amorphous systems. Slight deviations from the optimal naproxen molar fraction led to significant recrystallization during storage. Either naproxen or γ-indomethacin recrystallized until a naproxen molar fraction of about 0.6 in the residual co-amorphous phase was reached again. In conclusion, the physical stability of co-amorphous NAP/IND may be significantly improved, if suitable preparation conditions and the optimal phase composition are chosen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Beyer
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraβe 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Holger Grohganz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - Claudia S Leopold
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraβe 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|