1
|
Li H, Sun P, Liu S, Wang L, Zhang Y, Liu J, Fang L. A finasteride patch for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia: A study of promoting permeability strategy using synthetic novel O-acylmenthols combined with ion-pair. Int J Pharm 2024; 666:124802. [PMID: 39368672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Currently, finasteride (FIN) is approved to treat androgenetic alopecia only orally, and the application of FIN in transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) has introduced a new approach for treating the disease. This study was aimed to develop a FIN transdermal patch for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia(AGA) by combing ion-pair and O-acylmenthols (AM) as chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs). The formulation of patch was optimized though single-factor investigation and Box-Behnken design. The pharmacokinetics and androgenetic alopecia pharmacodynamics of the patch were evaluated. Additionally, the permeability enhancement mechanisms of ion-pair and AMs were explored at both the patch and skin levels. The effects of ion-pair and AMs on the patch were characterized by rheology study, FTIR, and molecular docking, and the effects on the skin were assessed through ATR-FTIR, Raman study, DSC, CLSM and molecular dynamics. The finalized formulation of FIN patches was consisted of 5 % (w/w) synthetic FIN-CA (Citric Acid), 6 % MT-C6 as CPEs, 25-AAOH as a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), with a patch thickness of 80 ± 5 μm. The final Q24 h is 78.22 ± 5.18 μg/cm2. Based on the high FIN permeability, the pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the FIN patch group exhibited a slower absorption rate (tmax = 7.3 ± 2.7 h), lower peak plasma concentration and slower metabolic rate (t1/2 = 6.2 ± 0.8 h, MRT0-t = 26.0 ± 7.8 h) compared to the oral group. Moreover, the FIN patch also demonstrated the same effect as the oral group in promoting hair growth in AGA mice. The results indicated that both FIN-CA and AMs could enhance the fluidity of the PSA and weaken the interaction between FIN-CA and PSA, thereby promoting the release of the FIN from the patch. The interaction sites on the skin for ion-pair and the four AMs were found in the stratum corneum (SC) of the skin, disrupting the tight arrangement of stratum corneum lipids. This study serves as a reference for the multi-pathway administration of FIN and the combination of ion-pair with AMs to enhance drug permeation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Peng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Shuhan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Liuyang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Liang Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu C, Fang L. Effect of Physicochemical Properties on the Basic Drug-Acid-Polymer Interactions and Miscibility in PVA Based Orodispersible Films. AAPS J 2024; 26:83. [PMID: 39009955 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00949-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Salts of weakly basic drugs can partially dissociate in formulations, to give basic drugs and counter acids. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of physicochemical properties on the basic drug-acid-polymer interactions and salt-polymer miscibility, and to explain the influence mechanism at the molecular level. Six maleate salts with different physicochemical properties were selected and PVA was used as the film forming material. The relationship between the physicochemical properties and the miscibility was presented with multiple linear regression analysis. The existence state of salts in formulations were determined by XRD and Raman imaging. The stability of salts was characterized by NMR and XPS. The intermolecular interactions were investigated by FTIR and NMR. The results showed that the salt-PVA miscibility was related to polar surface area of salts and Tg of free bases, which represented hydrogen bond interaction and solubility potential. The basic drug-acid-PVA intermolecular interactions determined the existence state and bonding pattern of the three molecules. Meanwhile, the decrease of the stability after formulation increased the number of free bases in orodispersible films, which in turn affected the miscibility with PVA. The study provided references for the rational design of PVA based orodispersible films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongguo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (Formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang, 110840, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohan S, Li Y, Chu K, De La Paz L, Sperger D, Shi B, Foti C, Rucker V, Lai C. Integrative Salt Selection and Formulation Optimization: Perspectives of Disproportionation and Microenvironmental pH Modulation. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2590-2605. [PMID: 38656981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
We report a novel utilization of a pH modifier as a disproportionation retardant in a tablet formulation. The drug molecule of interest has significant bioavailability challenges that require solubility enhancement. In addition to limited salt/cocrystal options, disproportionation of the potential salt(s) was identified as a substantial risk. Using a combination of Raman spectroscopy with chemometrics and quantitative X-ray diffraction in specially designed stress testing, we investigated the disproportionation phenomena. The learnings and insight drawn from crystallography drove the selection of the maleate form as the target API. Inspired by the fumarate form's unique stability and solubility characteristics, we used fumaric acid as the microenvironmental pH modulator. Proof-of-concept experiments with high-risk (HCl) and moderate-risk (maleate) scenarios confirmed the synergistic advantage of fumaric acid, which interacts with the freebase released by disproportionation to form a more soluble species. The resultant hemifumarate helps maintain the solubility at an elevated level. This work demonstrates an innovative technique to mediate the solubility drop during the "parachute" phase of drug absorption using compendial excipients, and this approach can potentially serve as an effective risk-mitigating strategy for salt disproportionation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikhar Mohan
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Yi Li
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Kevin Chu
- Velexi Corporation, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | | | - Diana Sperger
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Bing Shi
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Chris Foti
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Victor Rucker
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Chiajen Lai
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang L, Pang Y, Zheng Q, Ruan J, Fang L, Liu C. Development of mabuterol transdermal patch: Molecular mechanism study of ion-pair improving patch stability. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123302. [PMID: 37572858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper aimed to prepare a Mabuterol (MAB) patch for treating asthma by ion-pair strategy to overcome the drug's thermal instability and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the stabilization effect. The formulation factor, including counter-ion and pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), was optimized by the stability and in vitro skin permeation studies. The molecular mechanism of ion-pair stability was characterized using TGA, Raman, FT-IR, NMR, XPS, and molecular modeling. The optimized patch comprised MAB-Lactic acid (MAB-LA) and hydroxyl adhesive (AAOH) as the matrix, with Q = 126.47 ± 9.75 μg/cm2 and Fabs = 75.27%. The increased TGA (213.11 °C), disproportionation energy (ΔG = 97.44 KJ), and ion-pair lifetime (Tlife = 2.21 × 103) indicated that the counter-ion improved MAB stability through strong ionic and hydrogen bonds with LA. The remaining drug content in the MAB-LA patch was 15% higher than that of the pure MAB patch after storage for 12 months at room temperature, which was visualized by Raman imaging. The interaction between MAB-LA and AAOH PSA via hydrogen bond decreased the diffusion rate and increased the drug stability further. This study successfully developed the MAB patch, which provided a reference for applying ion-pairing strategies to improve the stability of transdermal patches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuyang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
| | - Yu Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
| | - Qi Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
| | - Jiuheng Ruan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
| | - Liang Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Van Duong T, Diab S, Hodnett NS, Taylor LS. Kinetic Barriers to Disproportionation of Salts of Weakly Basic Drugs. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:3886-3894. [PMID: 37494545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Disproportionation is a major issue in formulations containing salts of weakly basic drugs. Despite considerable interest in risk assessment approaches for disproportionation, the prediction of salt-to-base conversion remains challenging. Recent studies have highlighted several confounding factors other than pHmax that appear to play an important role in salt disproportionation and have suggested that kinetic barriers need to be considered in addition to the thermodynamic driving force when assessing the risk of a salt to undergo conversion to parent free base. Herein, we describe the concurrent application of in situ Raman spectroscopy and pH monitoring to investigate the disproportionation kinetics of three model salts, pioglitazone hydrochloride, sorafenib tosylate, and atazanavir sulfate, in aqueous slurries. We found that even for favorable thermodynamic conditions (i.e., pH ≫ pHmax), disproportionation kinetics of the salts were very different despite each system having a similar pHmax. The importance of free base nucleation kinetics was highlighted by the observation that the disproportionation conversion time in the slurries showed the same trend as the free base nucleation induction time. Pioglitazone hydrochloride, with a free base induction time of <1 min, rapidly converted to the free base in slurry experiments. In contrast, atazanavir sulfate, where the free base induction time was much longer, took several hours to undergo disproportionation in the slurry for pH ≫ pHmax. Additionally, we altered an established thermodynamically based modeling framework to account for kinetic effects (representing the nucleation kinetic barrier) to estimate the solid-state stability of salt formulations. In conclusion, a solution-based thermodynamic model is mechanistically appropriate to predict salt disproportionation in a solid-state formulation, when kinetic barriers are also taken into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tu Van Duong
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Samir Diab
- GlaxoSmithKline, Park Road, Ware, SG12 0DP, U.K
| | - Neil S Hodnett
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Henry S, Descamps L, Vanhoorne V, Remon JP, Vervaet C. Exploiting common ion addition to accelerate zolpidem hemitartrate release from Eudragit EPO extrudates. Int J Pharm 2023; 642:123089. [PMID: 37263450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed at optimizing a previously developed non-clinical formulation for use in zolpidem deprescribing. The formulation under investigation consists of extruded zolpidem hemitartrate (30% w/w) and Eudragit EPO (70% w/w) mixtures which display unsatisfactory dissolution behavior. Both milled extrudates and physical mixtures were compressed to produce tablets with identical target weight and solid fraction. First, the susceptibility of zolpidem hemitartrate towards heat and shear degradation was identified utilizing thermal and HPLC-DAD analysis. The drug salt proved prone to thermally induced disproportionation. Moreover, the impurity content increased after applying hot melt extrusion although ICH guidelines were still attained. Secondly, extrudates and physical mixtures were subjected to FTIR analysis. As a result, interaction and protonation of the dimethyl aminoethyl group from Eudragit EPO resulting from zolpidem disproportionation was elucidated. As such, the formulations' slow dissolution kinetics in comparison to formulations containing non-ionizable polymers (e.g. Kollidon 12PF and Kollidon VA64) is explained. Finally, addition of tartaric acid, a microenvironmental pH modulator and common ion, proved a successful method to increase dissolution kinetics. The amount of drug released after 15 min increased drastically from 10 to 40% upon the addition of 5% tartaric acid. Immediate release behavior (80% within 15 min) was however not yet attained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Henry
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Descamps
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - V Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J P Remon
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kestur U, Patel A, Badawy S, Mathias N, Zhang L. Strategies for Managing Solid Form Transformation Risk in Drug Product. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:909-921. [PMID: 36513146 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) Q6A document provides guidance on setting specifications for new drug substances and drug products.1 In this paper we focus on decision trees 4 (#1) to (#3) in the guidance related to solid-state form transformation. Form transformation could occur from use of high energy forms to overcome solubility challenges or stresses from manufacturing processes. The decision trees provide guidance on when and how polymorphic form changes should be monitored and controlled. However, guidance is high level and does not capture aspects related to assessments needed to understand if there is a risk of transformation or tools that can be integrated to understand the severity of bioavailability impact at different stages of development. The objective of this paper is therefore to provide comprehensive chemistry manufacturing and controls (CMC) and regulatory strategies to manage the risk of form transformation. This includes practical workflows for form transformation risk assessment, analytical tools to detect and quantify the transformation including their shortcomings, biopharmaceutical tools to understand the severity of transformation risk and if needed justify the limits based on clinical relevance. Finally, a few case studies are discussed that capture how the workflow can be used to manage transformation risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kestur
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
| | - Anisha Patel
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Sherif Badawy
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Neil Mathias
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Limin Zhang
- Analytical Strategy & Operations, Bristol Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu H, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Bu R, Ding Z, Han J. Effect of Different Seed Crystals on the Supersaturation State of Ritonavir Tablets Prepared by Hot-Melt Extrusion. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 185:106440. [PMID: 37004961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion (HME) is a technology increasingly common for the commercial production of pharmaceutical amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), especially for poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, recrystallization of the APIs during dissolution must be prevented to maintain the supersaturation state enabled by ASD. Unfortunately, the amorphous formulation may be contaminated by seed crystals during the HME manufacturing process, which could lead to undesirable crystal growth during the dissolution process. In this study, the dissolution behavior of ritonavir ASD tablets prepared using both Form I and Form II polymorphs was examined, and the effects of different seed crystals on crystal growth rates were investigated. The aim was to understand how the presence of seed crystals can impact the dissolution of ritonavir, and to determine the optimal polymorph and seeding conditions for the production of ASDs. The results showed that both Form I and Form II ritonavir tablets had similar dissolution profiles, which were also similar to the reference listed drug (RLD). However, it was observed that the presence of seed crystals, particularly the metastable Form I seed, led to more precipitation compared to the stable Form II seed in all formulations. The Form I crystals that precipitated from the supersaturated solution were easily dispersed in the solution and could serve as seeds to facilitate crystal growth. On the other hand, Form II crystals tended to grow more slowly and presented as aggregates. The addition of both Form I and Form II seeds could affect their precipitation behaviors, and the amount and form of the seeds had significant effects on the precipitation process of the RLD tablets, as are the tablets prepared with different polymorphs. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of minimizing the contamination risk of seed crystals during the manufacturing process and selecting the appropriate polymorph for the production of ASDs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Boycov DE, Drozd KV, Manin AN, Churakov AV, Perlovich GL. New Solid Forms of Nitrofurantoin and 4-Aminopyridine Salt: Influence of Salt Hydration Level on Crystal Packing and Physicochemical Properties. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248990. [PMID: 36558123 PMCID: PMC9783863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The crystallization of the poorly soluble drug nitrofurantoin (NFT) with 4-aminopyridine (4AmPy) resulted in three multicomponent solid forms with different hydration levels: anhydrous salt [NFT+4AmPy] (1:1), salt monohydrate [NFT+4AmPy+H2O] (1:1:1), and salt tetrahydrate [NFT+4AmPy+H2O] (1:1:4). Each salt was selectively prepared by liquid-assisted grinding in the presence of acetonitrile or ethanol/water mixture at a specific composition. The NFT hydrated salts were characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The [NFT+4AmPy+H2O] salt (1:1:1) crystallized as an isolated site hydrate, while the [NFT+4AmPy+H2O] salt (1:1:4) crystallized as a channel hydrate. The dehydration processes of the NFT salt hydrates were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. A powder dissolution experiment was carried out for all NFT multicomponent solid forms in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution at 37 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis E. Boycov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Ksenia V. Drozd
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Alex N. Manin
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - German L. Perlovich
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yan Z, Sun M, Lv Y. Novel berberine-based pharmaceutical salts with fatty acid anions: Synthesis, characterization, physicochemical properties. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
11
|
Haznar-Garbacz D, Hoc D, Garbacz G, Lachman M, Słomińska D, Romański M. Dissolution of a Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class II Free Acid from Immediate Release Tablets Containing a Microenvironmental pH Modulator: Comparison of a Biorelevant Bicarbonate Buffering System with Phosphate Buffers. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:203. [PMID: 35882674 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor water dissolution of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) limits the rate of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Increasing the pH of a solid form microenvironment can enhance the dissolution of weakly acidic drugs, but data on this phenomenon in a physiologically relevant bicarbonate media are lacking. In this paper, we examined the effect of a microenvironmental pH modulator (Na2HPO4) on the dissolution of a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II free weak acid (ibuprofen) at biorelevant conditions, including an automatic bicarbonate buffering system, as well as in compendial (50 mM) and low-concentration (10 mM) phosphate buffers with no external pH control. The tablets of 200 mg ibuprofen with either Na2HPO4 (phosphate formulation, PF) or NaCl (reference formulation, RF) were manufactured using a compression method. In a pH 2 simulated gastric fluid, only PF produced a transient supersaturation of ibuprofen, dissolving a fourfold higher drug amount than RF. In a bicarbonate-buffered simulated intestinal fluid with a dynamically controlled pH (5.7, 7.2, and 5.8 to 7.7 gradient), PF dissolved more drug within 30 min than RF (p ≤ 0.019). Of note, the use of a 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.2 provided opposite results-RF dissolved the API much faster than PF. Moreover, 10 mM phosphate buffers of pH 5.6 and 7.2 could neither maintain a constant pH nor mimic the bicarbonate buffer performance. In conclusion, the use of a bicarbonate-buffered intestinal fluid, instead of phosphate buffers, may be essential in dissolution tests of BCS class II drugs combined with pH modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Haznar-Garbacz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska St., 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dagmara Hoc
- Physiolution Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Garbacz
- Physiolution GmbH, 49a Walther-Rathenau-Straße, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marek Lachman
- Budenheim KG, 27 Rheinstraße, 55257, Budenheim, Germany
| | - Daria Słomińska
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Romański
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806, Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yamada K, Hayashi Y, Sasaki K, Higuchi K, Shindo T, Shikama H, Sato H, Onoue S. Nanocrystal solid dispersion of fuzapladib free acid with improved oral bioavailability. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2022; 43:89-97. [PMID: 35322875 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an oral nanocrystal solid dispersion (nCSD) of fuzapladib (FZP) with enhanced absorbability for the treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP). The hydration properties of crystalline FZP free acid (crystalline FZP) and FZP sodium salt (FZP/Na) were assessed to select a stable crystal form. The nCSD of FZP free acid (nCSD/FZP) was prepared using a multi-inlet vortex mixer and evaluated in terms of physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The results of X-ray powder diffraction analysis indicated that crystalline FZP was stable as an anhydrate, while FZP/Na was converted to its monohydrate at water activity of above 0.2. The nanocrystals in nCSD/FZP were dispersed in hydroxy propyl cellulose-SSL, and their mean particle size were 160 nm with uniform spherical shape. In dissolution testing, nCSD/FZP exhibited rapid dissolution compared with crystalline FZP and reached a saturated concentration of FZP within initial 30 min. After oral administration (2 mg-FZP/kg) to rats, the maximum plasma concentration and bioavailability were 7.3- and 5.2-fold higher for nCSD/FZP than crystalline FZP, respectively, due to improved dissolution by nanosization. In conclusion, nCSD/FZP may be a novel oral dosage form with enhanced absorbability facilitating potent therapeutic effects of FZP for the treatment of AP in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuto Hayashi
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenta Sasaki
- Central Research Institute, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd., Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Koji Higuchi
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.,Central Research Institute, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd., Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shindo
- Central Research Institute, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd., Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shikama
- Central Research Institute, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd., Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satomi Onoue
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
pH-Dependent supersaturation from amorphous solid dispersions of weakly basic drugs. Pharm Res 2021; 39:2919-2936. [PMID: 34890018 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), the chemical potential of a drug can be reduced due to mixing with the polymer in the solid matrix, and this can lead to reduced drug release when the polymer is insoluble in the dissolution media. If both the drug and the polymer composing an ASD are ionizable, drug release from the ASD becomes pH-dependent. The goal of this study was to gain insights into the pH-dependent solubility suppression from ASD formulations. METHODS The maximum release of clotrimazole, a weakly basic drug, from ASDs formulated with insoluble and pH-responsive polymers, was determined as a function of solution pH. Drug-polymer interactions in ASDs were probed using melting point depression, moisture sorption, and solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (SSNMR) measurements. RESULTS The extent of solubility suppression was dependent on polymer type and drug loading. The strength of drug-polymer interactions was found to correlate well with the degree of solubility suppression. For the same ASD, the degree of solubility suppression was nearly constant across the solution pH range studied, suggesting that polymer-drug interactions in residual ASD solids was independent of solution pH. The total drug release agrees with the Henderson-Hasselbalch relationship if the suppressed amorphous solubility of the free drug is independent of solution pH. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of solubility suppression at different solution pHs appeared to be drug-polymer interactions in the solid-state, where the concentration of the free drug remains the same at variable pHs and the total drug concentration follows the Henderson-Hasselbalch relationship.
Collapse
|
14
|
Avdeef A, Sugano K. Salt Solubility and Disproportionation - Uses and Limitations of Equations for pH max and the In-silico Prediction of pH max. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:225-246. [PMID: 34863819 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A multiphasic mass action equilibrium model was used to study the phase properties near the critical pH ('pHmax') in an acid-base transformation of a solid drug salt into its corresponding solid free base form in pure water slurries. The goal of this study was to better define the characteristics of disproportionation of pharmaceutical salts, objectively (i) to classify salts as μ-type (microclimate stable) or δ-type (disproportionation prone) based on the relationship between the calculated pHmax and the calculated pH of the saturated salt solution, (ii) to compare the distribution of μ/δ-type salts to predictions from the disproportionation potential equation introduced by Merritt et al.,20 (iii) to determine if the intrinsic solubility of the free base, S0, can be predicted from the measured μ-type salt solubility as a means of estimating the value of pHmax, (iv) to determine S0 directly from the measured δ-type salt solubility, and (v) to address some of the limitations of the equations commonly used to calculate pHmax. When the salt solubility is measured for a basic API (pKa of which is known), but the experimental value of S0 is unavailable, a potentially useful simple screen for disproportionation is still possible, since pHmax can be estimated from a 'μ-predicted' (objective iii) or 'δ-measured' S0 (objective iv). Twelve model weak base API were selected in the study. For each API, 2-17 different salt forms with reported salt solubilities in distilled water were sourced from the literature. In all, 73 salt solubility values based on 29 different salt-forming acids comprise the studied set. All the corresponding free base solubility values were available. The pKa values for all the acids and bases studied are generally well known. For each API salt, an acid-base titration simulation was performed, anchored to the measured salt solubility value, using the general mass action analysis program pDISOL-X. The log S-pH profiles were drawn out by analytic continuity from pH 0 to 13, as described in detail previously.24 Potentially useful in-silico models were developed that correlate pS0 to linear functions of the salt solubility in water, pSw, the partition coefficient of the salt-forming acid (log POCTacid) and the melting point (mp) of the drug salt, thereby enabling the derivation of the approximate pHmax value from the predicted pS0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Avdeef
- in-ADME Research, 1732 First Avenue, #102, New York, NY, 10128, USA.
| | - Kiyohiko Sugano
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang L, Yan Z, Lv Y, Shen S. Studies on synthesis, volume and conductivity behaviors of three novel pharmaceutical salts [CnPy][AceSA] (n = 8, 10, 12). J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
16
|
Majid H, Puzik A, Maier T, Merk R, Bartel A, Mueller HC, Burckhardt BB. Formulation Development of Sublingual Cyclobenzaprine Tablets Empowered by Standardized and Physiologically Relevant Ex Vivo Permeation Studies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091409. [PMID: 34575485 PMCID: PMC8472530 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Suitable ex vivo models are required as predictive tools of oromucosal permeability between in vitro characterizations and in vivo studies in order to support the development of novel intraoral formulations. To counter a lack of clinical relevance and observed method heterogenicity, a standardized, controlled and physiologically relevant ex vivo permeation model was established. This model combined the Kerski diffusion cell, process automation, novel assays for tissue integrity and viability, and sensitive LC-MS/MS analysis. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the permeation model in the sublingual formulation development of cyclobenzaprine, a promising agent for the treatment of psychological disorders. A 4.68-fold enhancement was achieved through permeation model-led focused formulation development. Here, findings from the preformulation with regard to pH and microenvironment-modulating excipients proved supportive. Moreover, monitoring of drug metabolism during transmucosal permeation was incorporated into the model. In addition, it was feasible to assess the impact of dosage form alterations under stress conditions, with the detection of a 33.85% lower permeation due to salt disproportionation. Integrating the coherent processes of disintegration, dissolution, permeation, and metabolization within a physiological study design, the model enabled successful formulation development for cyclobenzaprine sublingual tablets and targeted development of patient-oriented drugs for the oral cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidara Majid
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (H.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Andreas Puzik
- Hexal AG, Analytical Development, 83607 Holzkirchen, Germany; (A.P.); (T.M.); (R.M.); (H.-C.M.)
| | - Tanja Maier
- Hexal AG, Analytical Development, 83607 Holzkirchen, Germany; (A.P.); (T.M.); (R.M.); (H.-C.M.)
| | - Raphaela Merk
- Hexal AG, Analytical Development, 83607 Holzkirchen, Germany; (A.P.); (T.M.); (R.M.); (H.-C.M.)
| | - Anke Bartel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (H.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Hans-Christian Mueller
- Hexal AG, Analytical Development, 83607 Holzkirchen, Germany; (A.P.); (T.M.); (R.M.); (H.-C.M.)
| | - Bjoern B. Burckhardt
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (H.M.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abouselo A, Rance GA, Tres F, Taylor LS, Kwokal A, Renou L, Scurr DJ, Burley JC, Aylott JW. Effect of Excipients on Salt Disproportionation during Dissolution: A Novel Application of In Situ Raman Imaging. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3247-3259. [PMID: 34399050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have employed a bespoke setup combining confocal Raman microscopy and an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy flow cell to investigate the effect of excipients on the disproportionation kinetics of Pioglitazone HCl (PioHCl) in tablets during dissolution. Three binary formulations of PioHCl, containing citric acid monohydrate (CA), lactose monohydrate (LM), or magnesium stearate (MgSt), respectively, were used as models to study the influence of excipients' physicochemical properties on the rate of salt disproportionation kinetics and dissolution performance in different aqueous pH environments. It was found that formulation excipients can induce or prevent salt disproportionation by modulating the microenvironmental pH regardless of the pH of the dissolution media. Incorporating CA in PioHCl tablets preserves the salt form and enhances the dissolution performance of the salt in the acidic medium (pH = 1.2). In contrast, LM and MgSt had a detrimental effect on in vitro drug performance by inducing salt disproportionation in the tablet during dissolution in the same acidic medium. Dissolution in the neutral medium (pH = 6.8) showed rapid formation of the free base upon contact with the dissolution medium. The Raman maps of the cross-sectioned tablets revealed the formation of a shell consisting of the free base around the edge of the tablet. This shell decreased the rate of penetration of the dissolution medium into the tablet, which had significant implications on the release of the API into the surrounding solution, as shown by the UV-vis absorption spectroscopy drug release data. Our findings highlight the utility of the Raman/UV-vis flow cell analytical platform as an advanced analytical technique to investigate the effect of excipients and dissolution media on salt disproportionation in real time. This methodology will be used to enhance our understanding of salt stability studies that may pave the way for more stable multicomponent formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Abouselo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | | | - Francesco Tres
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 4790, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 4790, United States
| | - Ana Kwokal
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ludovic Renou
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - David J Scurr
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jonathan C Burley
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jonathan W Aylott
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
How to stop disproportionation of a hydrochloride salt of a very weakly basic compound in a non-clinical suspension formulation. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120875. [PMID: 34273425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Our objectives were to stabilize a non-clinical suspension for use in toxicological studies and to develop methods to investigate the stability of the formulation in terms of salt disproportionation. The compound under research was a hydrochloride salt of a practically insoluble discovery compound ODM-203. The first of the three formulation approaches was a suspension prepared and stored at room temperature. The second formulation was stabilized by pH adjustment. In the third approach cooling was used to prevent salt disproportionation. 5 mg/mL aqueous suspension consisting of 20 mg/mL PVP/VA and 5 mg/mL Tween 80 was prepared for each of the approaches. The polymer was used as precipitation inhibitor to provide prolonged supersaturation while Tween 80 was used to enhance dissolution and homogeneity of the suspension. The consequences of salt disproportionation were studied by a small-scale in vitro dissolution method and by an in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats. Our results show that disproportionation was successfully suppressed by applying cooling of the suspension in an ice bath at 2-8 °C. This procedure enabled us to proceed to the toxicological studies in rats. The in vivo study results obtained for the practically insoluble compound showed adequate exposures with acceptable variation at each dose level.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
A multiphasic mass action equilibrium model is used to show that the critical pH in the acid-base disproportionation of a solid salt into its corresponding solid free-base form in aqueous suspensions, widely known as "pHmax", is incompletely interpreted. It is shown that the traditional thermodynamic model does not predict the invariance of pH and solubility during the salt-to-free-base conversion process in an alkalimetric titration. Rather, the conversion entails a range of pH and solubility values, depending on the amount of added excess salt above that needed to form a saturated solution. A more precise definition is proposed for pHmax (pH at the maximum solubility of a eutectic mixture), and three new terms are introduced: pHmin (pH at the minimum solubility of the eutectic mixture), pHδ (disproportionation invariant pH within the eutectic, i.e., the equilibrium pH of a spontaneously disproportionating salt slurry), and pHγ (Gibbs pH at which disproportionation yields equimolar amounts of excess salt and excess free-base solids within the eutectic). Two test compounds with reported multiple salts and the free-base solubility values were selected to illustrate the expanded concepts, the bases WR-122455 and RPR-127963. Also, dibasic calcium phosphate was selected as an ionizable test excipient. The salts are designated in the study as μ-type, when they are thermodynamically stable with respect to spontaneous disproportionation in pure water (e.g., WR-122455 salts), and δ-type, when they are predicted to spontaneously disproportionate in pure water (e.g., RPR-127963 salts). In an alkalimetric titration, when an acidified suspension of a salt of a basic molecule is titrated with a strong base (e.g., NaOH), the passage across the eutectic domain (bounded by pHmax and pHmin) is often characterized by (a) minimum in ionic strength either at pHmax (μ-type salt) or pHδ (δ-type salt) and (b) maximum buffer capacity at pHγ. When the alkalimetric titration is performed with a large excess of added salt, a wide eutectic domain forms: pHmax and pHδ remain invariant, but pHmin and pHγ shift substantially in pH. The acid-base mass action model described here can be useful in predicting the stability of salt formulations in mixtures with excipients that can act as pH modifiers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Avdeef
- in-ADME Research, 1732 First Avenue #102, New York, New York 10128, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu J, Rades T, Grohganz H. The influence of moisture on the storage stability of co-amorphous systems. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120802. [PMID: 34144131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Co-amorphization has been utilized to improve the physical stability of the respective neat amorphous drugs. However, physical stability of co-amorphous systems is mostly investigated under dry conditions, leaving the potential influence of moisture on storage stability unclear. In this study, carvedilol-L-aspartic acid (CAR-ASP) co-amorphous systems at CAR to ASP molar ratios from 3:1 to 1:3 were investigated under non-dry conditions at two temperatures, i.e., 25 °C 55 %RH and 40 °C 55 %RH. Under these conditions, the highest physical stability of CAR-ASP systems was observed at the 1:1 M ratio. This finding differed from the optimal molar ratio previously obtained under dry conditions (CAR-ASP 1:1.5). Molecular interactions between CAR and ASP were affected by moisture, and salt disproportionation occurred during storage. Morphological differences of systems at different molar ratios could be observed already after one week of storage. Furthermore, variable temperature X-ray powder diffraction measurements showed that excess CAR or excess ASP, existing in the binary systems, resulted in a faster recrystallization compared to equimolar system. Overall, this study emphasizes the influence of moisture on co-amorphous systems during storage, and provides options to determine the optimal ratio of co-amorphous systems in presence of moisture at comparatively short storage times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Holger Grohganz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ross SA, Hurt AP, Antonijevic M, Bouropoulos N, Ward A, Basford P, McAllister M, Douroumis D. Continuous Manufacture and Scale-Up of Theophylline-Nicotinamide Cocrystals. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:419. [PMID: 33804705 PMCID: PMC8004052 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was the manufacturing and scale-up of theophylline-nicotinamide (THL-NIC) pharmaceutical cocrystals processed by hot-melt extrusion (HME). The barrel temperature profile, feed rate and screw speed were found to be the critical processing parameters with a residence time of approximately 47 s for the scaled-up batches. Physicochemical characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction of bulk and extruded materials revealed the formation of high purity cocrystals (98.6%). The quality of THL-NIC remained unchanged under accelerated stability conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Ross
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.A.R.); (A.P.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Andrew P. Hurt
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.A.R.); (A.P.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Milan Antonijevic
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.A.R.); (A.P.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Nicolaos Bouropoulos
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature, Chemical Processes, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Adam Ward
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire HD1 3DH, UK;
| | - Pat Basford
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, UK; (P.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Mark McAllister
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, UK; (P.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.A.R.); (A.P.H.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Skrdla PJ. Estimating the maximal solubility advantage of drug salts. Int J Pharm 2021; 595:120228. [PMID: 33484924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Salt formation can enable the development of poorly water-soluble drugs containing at least one ionizable moiety. Not only can salts offer a solubility enhancement that can sometimes far exceed that of other commonly used solubilization strategies applied across the pharmaceutical industry, they can simultaneously bestow additional benefits such as providing low-cost formulation options. The goal of this work is to put forth a simple methodology to enable one to accurately predict the maximal solubility advantage of acidic and basic drugs whose unionized conjugate (neutral parent molecule) is poorly soluble. While published equations leveraging the Henderson-Hasselbalch/H-H relationship reasonably estimate the thermodynamic solubility limit (in systems where there is no supersaturation), under physiologically relevant conditions the maximal/kinetic solubility can play an important role in determining oral bioavailability, as in the case of amorphous drugs. Under these circumstances, a higher solubility can be maintained for short durations through drug supersaturation provided that the precipitation is slow, thereby causing deviations from H-H predictions. It is possible also that, in some instances, supersaturation could coincide with behavior previously attributed to drug aggregation in solution. The proposed methodology utilizes speciation across the pH range to allow one to determine the maximal amount of ionized and unionized drug in solution at each pH. The calculation is easily extended to cases where the counterion serves as a competing weak acid, weak base, or as a common ion. Additionally, a more thorough assessment of the Gibbs free energy change associated with the solubilization of salts is also presented, as this energy describes the key driving force for the recrystallization of the neutral parent by triggering its nucleation. Lastly, to demonstrate applicability to real-world compounds containing multiple ionizable moieties, the complex pH-solubility profile of a drug maleate salt taken from the literature is simulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Skrdla
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rapid screening approaches for solubility enhancement, precipitation inhibition and dissociation of a cocrystal drug substance using high throughput experimentation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
24
|
Narala S, Nyavanandi D, Srinivasan P, Mandati P, Bandari S, Repka MA. Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals, Salts, and Co-Amorphous Systems: A Novel Opportunity of Hot Melt Extrusion. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021; 61:102209. [PMID: 33717230 PMCID: PMC7946067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the solubility of active drug ingredients is a major challenge faced by scientists and researchers. Different approaches have been explored for the enhancement of solubility and physicochemical properties of drugs, without affecting their stability or pharmacological activity. Among the various strategies available, pharmaceutical co-crystals, co-amorphous systems, and pharmaceutical salts as multicomponent systems (MCS) have gained interest to improve physicochemical properties of drugs. Development of MCS by conventional methods involves the utilization of excess amount of solvents, thus, making the product prone to instability, and may also cause harmful side effects in patients. Scale up is critical and involves the investment of huge capital and time. Lately, hot-melt extrusion has been utilized in the development of MCS to enhance solubility, bioavailability, stability, and physicochemical properties of the drugs. In this review, the authors discussed the development of different MCS produced via hot-melt extrusion technology. Specifically, approaches for screening of co-formers and co-crystals, selection of excipients for co-amorphous systems, pharmaceutical salts, and significance of MCS and process parameters affecting product quality are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Dinesh Nyavanandi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Priyanka Srinivasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Preethi Mandati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Michael A. Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gundlapalli S, Devarapalli R, Mudda RR, Chennuru R, Rupakula R. Novel solid forms of insomnia drug suvorexant with improved solubility and dissolution: accessing salts from a salt solvate route. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01269j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Suvorexant (SRX) is a dual orexin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of insomnia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gundlapalli
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Devarapalli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Ramesh Reddy Mudda
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka 560034, India
| | - Ramanaiah Chennuru
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ravichandrababu Rupakula
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cao Y, Wei Z, Li M, Wang H, Yin L, Chen D, Wang Y, Chen Y, Yuan Q, Pu X, Zong L, Duan S. Formulation, Pharmacokinetic Evaluation and Cytotoxicity of an Enhanced- penetration Paclitaxel Nanosuspension. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:338-347. [PMID: 29956630 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180629150927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving poorly soluble drugs into druggability was a major problem faced by pharmaceutists. Nanosuspension can improve the druggability of insoluble drugs by improving the solubility, chemical stability and reducing the use of additives, which provided a new approach for the development and application of the insoluble drugs formulation. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a well-known BCS class IV drug with poor solubility and permeability. Also, many studies have proved that paclitaxel is a substrate of the membrane-bound drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp), therefore it often shows limited efficacy against the resistant tumors and oral absorption or uptake. OBJECTIVE To manufacture an enhanced-penetration PTX nanosuspension (PTX-Nanos), and evaluate the physicochemical property, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in vivo and cytotoxic effect in vitro. METHODS PTX-Nanos were prepared by microprecipitation-high pressure homogenization, with a good biocompatibility amphiphilic block copolymer poly(L-phenylalanine)-b-poly(L-aspartic acid) (PPA-PAA) as stabilizer. RESULTS The PTX-Nanos had a sustained-dissolution manner and could effectively reduce plasma peak concentration and extend plasma circulating time as compared to PTX injection, markedly passively targeting the MPS-related organs, such as liver and spleen. This unique property might enhance treatment of cancer in these tissues and reduce the side effects in other normal tissues. Moreover, the hybrid stabilizers could enhance penetration of PTX in PTX-Nanos to multidrug resistance cells. CONCLUSION To sum up, our results showed that the optimal formula could improve the solubility of PTX and the stability of the product. The PTX-Nanos developed in this research would be a promising delivery platform in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Cao
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Zhihao Wei
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Li Yin
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Dongxiao Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yongchao Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohui Pu
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Lanlan Zong
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Shaofeng Duan
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li M, Lu X, Xu W, Troup GM, McNevin MJ, Nie H, Su Y. Quantifying Pharmaceutical Formulations from Proton Detected Solid-State NMR under Ultrafast Magic Angle Spinning. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3045-3053. [PMID: 32679211 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Probing form conversions of active pharmaceutical ingredients in solid dosages is critical for understanding the physicochemical stability of drug substances in formulations. The multicomponent and low drug loading nature of drug products often results in challenges to quantify the phase stability, at a low detection limit and with the chemical resolution that differentiate drug molecules and excipients, for routine laboratory techniques. Recent advancement of ultrafast magic angle spinning (UF-MAS) enables proton-detected solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) techniques to characterize pharmaceutical materials with enhanced resolution and sensitivity. This study demonstrates one of the first documented cases implementing 60 kHz UF-MAS techniques to quantify the minor content of pioglitazone free base (PIO-FB) in a binary system with its hydrochloride salt (PIO-HCl) and a multicomponent formulation with typical excipients. One-dimensional 1H methods can unambiguously differentiate the two forms and exhibit a limit of detection at 1.77% (w/w). Moreover, we extended it to a two-dimensional 1H-1H correlation for minimizing peak overlap and successfully quantifying approximately 2.0% (w/w) PIO-FB in a multicomponent formulation. These results have demonstrated that 1H ssNMR as a novel method to quantify solid dosages at a higher resolution and faster acquisition than conventional 13C techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Gregory M Troup
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Michael J McNevin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Haichen Nie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
| | - Yongchao Su
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ismail Y, Mauer LJ. Phase transitions of ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate in a polymer matrix and effects on vitamin degradation. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Ismail
- Department of Food SciencePurdue University West Lafayette Indiana
| | - Lisa J. Mauer
- Department of Food SciencePurdue University West Lafayette Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Koranne S, Lalge R, Suryanarayanan R. Modulation of Microenvironmental Acidity: A Strategy to Mitigate Salt Disproportionation in Drug Product Environment. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1324-1334. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sampada Koranne
- Merck & Co., Inc. 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rahul Lalge
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chuang SH, Lee YSE, Huang LYL, Chen CK, Lai CL, Lin YH, Yang JY, Yang SC, Chang LH, Chen CH, Liu CW, Lin HS, Lee YR, Huang KP, Fu KC, Jen HM, Lai JY, Jian PS, Wang YC, Hsueh WY, Tsai PY, Hong WH, Chang CC, Wu DZ, Wu J, Chen MH, Yu KM, Chern CY, Chang JM, Lau JYN, Huang JJ. Discovery of T-1101 tosylate as a first-in-class clinical candidate for Hec1/Nek2 inhibition in cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 191:112118. [PMID: 32113126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly expressed in cancer 1 (Hec1) plays an essential role in mitosis and is correlated with cancer formation, progression, and survival. Phosphorylation of Hec1 by Nek2 kinase is essential for its mitotic function, thus any disruption of Hec1/Nek2 protein-protein interaction has potential for cancer therapy. We have developed T-1101 tosylate (9j tosylate, 9j formerly known as TAI-95), optimized from 4-aryl-N-pyridinylcarbonyl-2-aminothiazole of scaffold 9 by introducing various C-4' substituents to enhance potency and water solubility, as a first-in-class oral clinical candidate for Hec1 inhibition with potential for cancer therapy. T-1101 has good oral absorption, along with potent in vitro antiproliferative activity (IC50: 14.8-21.5 nM). It can achieve high concentrations in Huh-7 and MDA-MB-231 tumor tissues, and showed promise in antitumor activity in mice bearing human tumor xenografts of liver cancer (Huh-7), as well as of breast cancer (BT474, MDA-MB-231, and MCF7) with oral administration. Oral co-administration of T-1101 halved the dose of sorafenib (25 mg/kg to 12.5 mg/kg) required to exhibit comparable in vivo activity towards Huh-7 xenografts. Cellular events resulting from Hec1/Nek2 inhibition with T-1101 treatment include Nek2 degradation, chromosomal misalignment, and apoptotic cell death. A combination of T-1101 with either of doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and topotecan in select cancer cells also resulted in synergistic effects. Inactivity of T-1101 on non-cancerous cells, a panel of kinases, and hERG demonstrates cancer specificity, target specificity, and cardiac safety, respectively. Subsequent salt screening showed that T-1101 tosylate has good oral AUC (62.5 μM·h), bioavailability (F = 77.4%), and thermal stability. T-1101 tosylate is currently in phase I clinical trials as an orally administered drug for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsien Chuang
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shuan E Lee
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Lynn Y L Huang
- Taivex Therapeutics Corporation, 2nd Floor, Dongxing Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei City, 10511, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuan Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lai
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Lin
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ying Yang
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chuan Yang
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Hsiang Chang
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Chen
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liu
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Her-Sheng Lin
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Lee
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Pin Huang
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Chu Fu
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Min Jen
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yu Lai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, No. 300, Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shiou Jian
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, No. 300, Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, No. 300, Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yun Hsueh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, No. 300, Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Tsai
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hua Hong
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chang
- Taivex Therapeutics Corporation, 2nd Floor, Dongxing Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei City, 10511, Taiwan
| | - Diana Zc Wu
- Xenobiotic Laboratories, Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, USA
| | - Jinn Wu
- Xenobiotic Laboratories, Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, USA
| | - Meng-Hsin Chen
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ming Yu
- Taivex Therapeutics Corporation, 2nd Floor, Dongxing Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei City, 10511, Taiwan
| | - Ching Yuh Chern
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, No. 300, Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ming Chang
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Johnson Y N Lau
- Taivex Therapeutics Corporation, 2nd Floor, Dongxing Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei City, 10511, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Jyh Huang
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan; Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, No. 300, Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Malallah OS, Hammond B, Al-Adhami T, Buanz A, Alqurshi A, Carswell WD, Rahman KM, Forbes B, Royall PG. Solid-state epimerisation and disproportionation of pilocarpine HCl: Why we need a 5-stage approach to validate melting point measurements for heat-sensitive drugs. Int J Pharm 2020; 574:118869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
32
|
Univariate and Multivariate Models for Determination of Prasugrel Base in the Formulation of Prasugrel Hydrochloride Using XRPD Method. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3575-3581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
33
|
Gesenberg C, Mathias NR, Xu Y, Crison J, Savant I, Saari A, Good DJ, Hemenway JN, Narang AS, Schartman RR, Zheng N, Buzescu A, Patel J. Utilization of In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico Tools to Evaluate the pH-Dependent Absorption of a BCS Class II Compound and Identify a pH-Effect Mitigating Strategy. Pharm Res 2019; 36:164. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
34
|
Successful oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs both depends on the intraluminal behavior of drugs and of appropriate advanced drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 137:104967. [PMID: 31252052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.104967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poorly water-soluble drugs continue to be a problematic, yet important class of pharmaceutical compounds for treatment of a wide range of diseases. Their prevalence in discovery is still high, and their development is usually limited by our lack of a complete understanding of how the complex chemical, physiological and biochemical processes that occur between administration and absorption individually and together impact on bioavailability. This review defines the challenge presented by these drugs, outlines contemporary strategies to solve this challenge, and consequent in silico and in vitro evaluation of the delivery technologies for poorly water-soluble drugs. The next steps and unmet needs are proposed to present a roadmap for future studies for the field to consider enabling progress in delivery of poorly water-soluble compounds.
Collapse
|
35
|
Campbell JM, Lee M, Clawson J, Kennedy-Gabb S, Bethune S, Janiga A, Kindon L, Leach KP. The Degradation Chemistry of GSK2879552: Salt Selection and Microenvironmental pH Modulation to Stabilize a Cyclopropyl Amine. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2858-2864. [PMID: 31054890 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cyclopropyl amine moiety in GSK2879552 (1) degrades hydrolytically in high pH conditions. This degradation pathway was observed during long-term stability studies and impacted the shelf life of the drug product. This article describes the work to identify the degradation impurities, elucidate the degradation mechanism, and design a stable drug product. It was found that salt selection and control of the microenvironmental pH of the drug product formulation blend significantly improved the chemical stability of the molecule in the solid state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Campbell
- Analytical Sciences and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426.
| | - Mei Lee
- Product and Process Engineering, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Jacalyn Clawson
- Analytical Sciences and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Sonya Kennedy-Gabb
- Analytical Sciences and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Sarah Bethune
- Drug Product Design and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Ashley Janiga
- Analytical Sciences and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Leanda Kindon
- Product and Process Engineering, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Kevin P Leach
- Analytical Sciences and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Figueroa B, Nguyen T, Sotthivirat S, Xu W, Rhodes T, Lamm MS, Smith RL, John CT, Su Y, Fu D. Detecting and Quantifying Microscale Chemical Reactions in Pharmaceutical Tablets by Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6894-6901. [PMID: 31009215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been estimated that approximately 50% of all marketed drug molecules are manufactured and administered in the form of salts, often with the goal of improving solubility, dissolution rate, and efficacy of the drug. However, salt disproportionation during processing or storage is a common adverse effect in these formulations. Due to the heterogeneous nature of solid drug formulations, it is essential to characterize the drug substances noninvasively at micrometer resolution to understand the molecular mechanism of salt disproportionation. However, there is a lack of such capability with current characterization methods. In this study, we demonstrate that stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy can be used to provide sensitive and quantitative chemical imaging of the salt disproportionation reaction of pioglitazone hydrochloride (PIO-HCl) at a very low drug loading (1% w/w). Our findings illuminate a water mediated pathway of drug disproportionation and highlight the importance of noninvasive chemical imaging in a mechanistic study of solid-state chemical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Tai Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Sutthilug Sotthivirat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, MRL , Merck & Co, Inc. , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, MRL , Merck & Co, Inc. , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Timothy Rhodes
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, MRL , Merck & Co, Inc. , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Matthew S Lamm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, MRL , Merck & Co, Inc. , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Ronald L Smith
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, MRL , Merck & Co, Inc. , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Christopher T John
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, MRL , Merck & Co, Inc. , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, MRL , Merck & Co, Inc. , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Newman A, Zografi G. An Examination of Water Vapor Sorption by Multicomponent Crystalline and Amorphous Solids and Its Effects on Their Solid-State Properties. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1061-1080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
38
|
Zaini E, Fitriani L, Sari RY, Rosaini H, Horikawa A, Uekusa H. Multicomponent Crystal of Mefenamic Acid and N-Methyl-d-Glucamine: Crystal Structures and Dissolution Study. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2341-2348. [PMID: 30779887 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel multicomponent crystal (MC) of mefenamic acid (MA) and N-methyl-d-glucamine (MG) had been prepared to improve the physicochemical properties of poorly soluble drugs, and was characterized for its physicochemical properties by powder X-ray diffraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry thermal analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, in vitro dissolution rate, and physical stability. In addition, the crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The differential scanning calorimetry thermogram of the MA-MG binary system exhibits a single and sharp endothermic peak at 151.20°C, which was attributed to the melting point of a MC of MA-MG. FT-IR spectroscopy analysis showed the occurrence of solid-state interaction by involving proton transfer between MA and MG. The crystal structure analysis confirmed that MA-MG formed 1:1 ratio salt type MC. The formation of a MC of MA with MG significantly improved the dissolution rate of MA in compared to intact MA, and also the crystal demonstrated a good stability under a high relative humidity. These good properties would be attributed to the layer structure of MA and MG in the crystal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erizal Zaini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University, Padang 25163, West Sumatera, Indonesia.
| | - Lili Fitriani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University, Padang 25163, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Risda Yulia Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (STIFARM) Padang, West Sumatera 25163, Indonesia
| | - Henni Rosaini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (STIFARM) Padang, West Sumatera 25163, Indonesia
| | - Ayano Horikawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 1528551, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 1528551, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hill JA, Murray CA, Tang CC, Thygesen PMM, Thompson AL, Goodwin AL. Inorganic co-crystal formation and thermal disproportionation in a dicyanometallate ‘superperovskite’. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5439-5442. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc10277e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The dicyanometallate superperovskite co-crystal [NBu4]Mn[Au(CN)2]3·[NBu4]ClO4 illustrates a new type of structural and phase complexity accessible to dicyanometallate perovskites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Hill
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford OX1 3QR
- UK
| | - Claire A. Murray
- Diamond Light Source Ltd
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Chiu C. Tang
- Diamond Light Source Ltd
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Peter M. M. Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford OX1 3QR
- UK
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford OX1 3QR
- UK
| | - Andrew L. Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford OX1 3QR
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Salts of Mefenamic Acid With Amines: Structure, Thermal Stability, Desolvation, and Solubility. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:3014-3021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
41
|
Precipitation behavior of pioglitazone on the particle surface of hydrochloride salt in biorelevant media. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
42
|
Effect of processing parameters and controlled environment storage on the disproportionation and dissolution of extended-release capsule of phenytoin sodium. Int J Pharm 2018; 550:290-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
43
|
Bookwala M, Thipsay P, Ross S, Zhang F, Bandari S, Repka MA. Preparation of a crystalline salt of indomethacin and tromethamine by hot melt extrusion technology. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 131:109-119. [PMID: 30086393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Although salt formation is the most ubiquitous and effective method of increasing the solubility and dissolution rates of acidic and basic drugs, it consumes large quantities of organic solvents and is a batch process. Herein, we show that the dissolution rate of indomethacin (a poorly water-soluble drug) can be increased by using hot melt extrusion of a 1:1 (mol/mol) indomethacin:tromethamine mixture to form a highly crystalline salt, the physicochemical properties of which are investigated in detail. Specifically, pH-solubility studies demonstrated that this salt exhibited a maximal solubility of 19.34 mg/mL (>1000 times that of pure indomethacin) at pH 8.19. A solvent evaporation technique was also used for salt formation. Spectroscopic analyses (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance) of both; demonstrated, in situ salt formation with proton transfer. Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the crystalline nature of salts formed by both methods. Even though a number of amorphous salts of acidic drugs have been reported, the formation of a crystalline salt of an acidic drug by hot melt extrusion is completely unprecedented, which makes this study an important benchmark for the pharmaceutical production industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Bookwala
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Priyanka Thipsay
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Samir Ross
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hirsh DA, Su Y, Nie H, Xu W, Stueber D, Variankaval N, Schurko RW. Quantifying Disproportionation in Pharmaceutical Formulations with 35Cl Solid-State NMR. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4038-4048. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Hirsh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Yongchao Su
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Haichen Nie
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dirk Stueber
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Narayan Variankaval
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert W. Schurko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Salts of Therapeutic Agents: Chemical, Physicochemical, and Biological Considerations. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071719. [PMID: 30011904 PMCID: PMC6100526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical and biological properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are greatly affected by their salt forms. The choice of a particular salt formulation is based on numerous factors such as API chemistry, intended dosage form, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. The appropriate salt can improve the overall therapeutic and pharmaceutical effects of an API. However, the incorrect salt form can have the opposite effect, and can be quite detrimental for overall drug development. This review summarizes several criteria for choosing the appropriate salt forms, along with the effects of salt forms on the pharmaceutical properties of APIs. In addition to a comprehensive review of the selection criteria, this review also gives a brief historic perspective of the salt selection processes.
Collapse
|
46
|
Koranne S, Sahoo A, Krzyzaniak JF, Luthra S, Arora KK, Suryanarayanan R. Challenges in Transitioning Cocrystals from Bench to Bedside: Dissociation in Prototype Drug Product Environment. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3297-3307. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sampada Koranne
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Room 9-177 Weaver-Densford
Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Anasuya Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Room 9-177 Weaver-Densford
Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph F. Krzyzaniak
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Suman Luthra
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kapildev K. Arora
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Room 9-177 Weaver-Densford
Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Palcsó B, Zelkó R. Different types, applications and limits of enabling excipients of pharmaceutical dosage forms. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2018; 27:21-39. [PMID: 30103860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Along with the development of novel drug delivery systems the material science is also advancing. Conventional and novel synthetic or natural excipients provide opportunities to design dosage forms of the required features including their bioavailability. Emerging trends in the design and development of drug products indicate an increasing need for the functionality-related characterization of excipients. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of different types of excipients in relation to their application possibilities in various dosage forms with special focus on the enabling excipients. The study also summarizes the applied excipient systems of research formulations and dosage forms available on the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barnabás Palcsó
- University Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Administration, Semmelweis University, Hogyes E. Street 7-9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Romána Zelkó
- University Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Administration, Semmelweis University, Hogyes E. Street 7-9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Teasdale A, Elder DP. Analytical control strategies for mutagenic impurities: Current challenges and future opportunities? Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
49
|
Chen YM, Rodríguez-Hornedo N. Cocrystals Mitigate Negative Effects of High pH on Solubility and Dissolution of a Basic Drug. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2018; 18:1358-1366. [PMID: 30505243 PMCID: PMC6261521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.7b01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Weakly basic drugs are predisposed to order of magnitude decreases in solubility and dissolution as pH increases from 1 to 7 along the gastrointestinal tract. Such behavior is known to be detrimental to drug absorption. The work presented here shows how cocrystals of basic drugs with acidic coformers can mitigate these negative effects. Cocrystals of ketoconazole (KTZ) with adipic, fumaric, and succinic acids exhibit a parabolic solubility dependence on pH such that with increasing pH, solubility decreases, reaches a minimum, and increases. Cocrystals exhibit pHmax values between 3.6 and 3.8, above which they generate supersaturation with respect to drug. Cocrystal supersaturation index (SA), defined as Scocrystal/Sdrug, changes from 1 (pHmax) to 10-30 (pH 5) to 800 - 3,000 (pH 6.5). SA represents the driving force for cocrystal conversion to the less soluble drug during dissolution. SA is not expected to be equal to the observed supersaturation, but it is of great value to classify cocrystals in terms of their risk of conversion. Cocrystal dissolution behavior was analyzed in terms of Cmax, σmax (maximum KTZ concentration and supersaturation), AUCdiss (KTZ concentration area under the curve during dissolution-precipitation), and SA. The three cocrystals studied achieved σmax values between 5 and 15 and sustained supersaturation for 1 to 3 h, resulting in AUCdiss advantage over drug in the range of 2 to 12. SA values as high as 800 were associated with enhanced drug exposure. SA of 3,000 led to limited exposure, very rapid conversion, and no measurable supersaturation. Since cocrystals may be more soluble than needed and/or too soluble to be developed, there is great value in recognizing the relationship between supersaturation threshold, cocrystal solubility, and SA. This becomes more important as cocrystal SA is dependent on pH and other environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitian M Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, United States
| | - Naír Rodríguez-Hornedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mishra B, Sahoo SK, Sahoo S. Liranaftate loaded Xanthan gum based hydrogel for topical delivery: Physical properties and ex-vivo permeability. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1717-1723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|