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Arias ER, Angarita-Villamizar V, Baena Y, Parra-Giraldo C, Perez LD. Phospholipid-Conjugated PEG- b-PCL Copolymers as Precursors of Micellar Vehicles for Amphotericin B. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111747. [PMID: 34071785 PMCID: PMC8199447 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is a widely used antifungal that presents a broad action spectrum and few reports on the development of resistance. However, AmB is highly toxic, causing renal failure in a considerable number of treated patients. Although when AmB is transported via polymer micelles (PMs) as delivery vehicles its nephrotoxicity has been successfully attenuated, this type of nanoparticle has limitations, such as low encapsulation capacity and poor stability in aqueous media. In this research, the effect of modifying polyethyleglicol-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL) with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine (DSPE) on the performance of PMs as vehicles for AmB was studied. PEG-b-PCL with two different lengths of a PCL segment was prepared via ring opening polymerisation and modified with DSPE at a post-synthesis stage through amidation. Upon modification with DSPE, a copolymer was self-assembled, thereby producing particles with hydrodynamic diameters below 100 nm and a lower critical micelle concentration than that of the raw copolymers. Likewise, in the presence of DSPE, the loading capacity of AmB increased because of the formed intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, which also caused a lower aggregation of this drug. The assessment of in vitro toxicity against red blood cells indicated that the toxicity of AmB decreased upon encapsulation; however, its antifungal action against clinical yeasts was maintained and enhanced, as indicated by a decrease in its minimum inhibitory concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa R. Arias
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Carrera 45 N° 26-85, Bogotá 11001, Colombia; (E.R.A.); (V.A.-V.)
| | - Vivian Angarita-Villamizar
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Carrera 45 N° 26-85, Bogotá 11001, Colombia; (E.R.A.); (V.A.-V.)
| | - Yolima Baena
- Grupo de Investigación SILICOMOBA, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 # 45-03, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (C.P.-G.); (L.D.P.); Tel.: +57-1316-5000 (Y.B. & L.D.P.); +57-1320-8320 (C.P.-G.)
| | - Claudia Parra-Giraldo
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (C.P.-G.); (L.D.P.); Tel.: +57-1316-5000 (Y.B. & L.D.P.); +57-1320-8320 (C.P.-G.)
| | - Leon D. Perez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Carrera 45 N° 26-85, Bogotá 11001, Colombia; (E.R.A.); (V.A.-V.)
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (C.P.-G.); (L.D.P.); Tel.: +57-1316-5000 (Y.B. & L.D.P.); +57-1320-8320 (C.P.-G.)
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Bhattacharjee S, Brayden DJ. Addressing the challenges to increase the efficiency of translating nanomedicine formulations to patients. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:235-254. [PMID: 33108229 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1826434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology is in a growth phase for drug delivery and medical imaging. Nanomaterials with unique properties present opportunities for encapsulation of therapeutics and imaging agents, along with conjugation to ligands for targeting. Favorable chemistry of nanomaterials can create formulations that address critical challenges for therapeutics, such as insolubility and a low capacity to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and intestinal wall. AREAS COVERED The authors investigate challenges faced during translation of nanomedicines while suggesting reasons as to why some nanoformulations have under-performed in clinical trials. They assess physiological barriers such as the BBB and gut mucus that nanomedicines must overcome to deliver cargos. They also provide an overview with examples of how nanomedicines can be designed to improve localization and site-specific delivery (e.g., encapsulation, bioconjugation, and triggered-release). EXPERT OPINION There are examples where nanomedicines have demonstrated improved efficacy of payload in humans; however, most of the advantages conferred were in improved pharmacokinetics and reduced toxicity. Problematic data show susceptibility of nanoformulations against natural protective mechanisms present in the body, including distribution impediment by physiological barriers and activation of the reticuloendothelial system. Further initiatives should address current challenges while expanding the scope of nanomedicine into advanced biomedical imaging and antibiotic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J Brayden
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Rodriguez YJ, Quejada LF, Villamil JC, Baena Y, Parra-Giraldo CM, Perez LD. Development of Amphotericin B Micellar Formulations Based on Copolymers of Poly(ethylene glycol) and Poly(ε-caprolactone) Conjugated with Retinol. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E196. [PMID: 32106492 PMCID: PMC7150995 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is a broad spectrum of antifungal drug used to treat antifungal diseases. However, due to the high toxicity of AmB, treated patients may suffer the risk of side effects, such as renal failure. Nanoencapsulation strategies have been reported to elicit low toxicity, albeit most of them possess low encapsulation efficiency. The aim of this research is to develop micellar delivery systems for AmB with reduced toxicity while maintaining its affectivity by employing retinol (RET)-conjugated amphiphilic block copolymers (ABCs) as precursors. Copolymers composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) (A) and polyethylenglycol (B) of types AB and ABA were synthesized by ring opening polymerization and subsequently conjugated with RET by Steglich esterification. 1H-NMR spectroscopy was used to corroborate the structure of copolymers and their conjugates and determine their molecular weights. Analysis by gel permeation chromatography also found that the materials have narrow distributions. The resulting copolymers were used as precursors for delivery systems of AmB, thus reducing its aggregation and consequently causing a low haemolytic effect. Upon conjugation with RET, the encapsulation capacity was enhanced from approximately 2 wt % for AB and ABA copolymers to 10 wt %. AmB encapsulated in polymer micelles presented improved antifungal efficiency against Candida albicans and Candida auris strains compared with Fungizone®, as deduced from the low minimum inhibitory concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeimy J. Rodriguez
- Grupo de Investigación en Macromoléculas, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Edificio 451 of. 449, Bogotá D.C. 11001, Colombia;
| | - Luis F. Quejada
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (L.F.Q.); (J.C.V.)
| | - Jean C. Villamil
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (L.F.Q.); (J.C.V.)
| | - Yolima Baena
- Grupo de Investigación SILICOMOBA, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Edificio 451 of. 449, Bogotá D.C. 11001, Colombia
| | - Claudia M. Parra-Giraldo
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (L.F.Q.); (J.C.V.)
| | - Leon D. Perez
- Grupo de Investigación en Macromoléculas, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Edificio 451 of. 449, Bogotá D.C. 11001, Colombia;
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Kang JY, Gao J, Shin DH, Alvarez C, Zhong W, Kwon GS. Pharmacokinetics and Renal Toxicity of Monomeric Amphotericin B in Rats after a Multiple Dose Regimen. Pharm Nanotechnol 2018; 4:16-23. [PMID: 27774409 DOI: 10.2174/2211738504666160301233754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delivery of monomeric Amphotericin B (AmB), i.e. deaggregated AmB, has been a major tactic in the reduction of renal toxicity at a membrane level, taking advantage of the selectivity of monomeric AmB for binding ergosterol over cholesterol. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic (PK) and renal toxicity of monomeric AmB in rats following a multiple dose regimen. METHOD AmB existed primarily in a monomeric state in poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(N-hexyl stearate L-aspartamide) (PEG-b-PHSA) micelles (mAmB) at 2:1 ratio (mol:mol), whereas AmB as its standard formulation, Fungizone®, was highly self-aggregated based on absorption spectroscopy. RESULTS After single intravenous injection, mAmB significantly (p < 0.001) increased the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) and reduced the volume of distribution (Vd) and total systemic clearance (CL) relative to Fungizone®. After daily intravenous injections at dose of 1.0 mg/kg for 7 days, PK parameters of mAmB and Fungizone® were similar to day 1. The treatment of Fungizone® also significantly (p < 0.05) increased levels of urinary enzymes, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) by 3.1- and 3.0 fold, respectively, whereas levels of NAG and KIM-1 were unchanged for mAmB, consistent with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of excised kidneys. CONCLUSION In summary, mAmB has less renal toxicity than AmB as Fungizone® in rats after a multiple dose regimen, validating the aggregation state hypothesis of AmB in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yeon Kang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Jieming Gao
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Dae Hwan Shin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Celeste Alvarez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Weixiong Zhong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792
| | - Glen S Kwon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
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Alvarez C, Andes DR, Kang JY, Krug C, Kwon GS. Antifungal Efficacy of an Intravenous Formulation Containing Monomeric Amphotericin B, 5-Fluorocytosine, and Saline for Sodium Supplementation. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1115-1124. [PMID: 28205003 PMCID: PMC5383515 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Amphotericin B (AmB) and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) exhibit additive to synergistic activity against systemic mycoses. Incompatibility of prescribed formulations precludes concomitant IV administration, a route with distinct advantages. Previously, we used PEG-DSPE micelles to produce a reformulation of Fungizone (AmB-SD), AmB solubilized by sodium deoxycholate, called mAmB-90. Herein, we describe a second reformulation that facilitates co-delivery of mAmB-90 and 5-FC, and evaluate the effect of PEG-DSPE micelles on the combination's activity against Candida albicans. METHODS We assessed the effect of 5-FC addition on the stability, in vitro toxicity, and antifungal efficacy of mAmB-90. The aggregation state and particle size of mAmB-90 combined with 5-FC (FmAmB-90) was evaluated over 48 h. Hemolytic activity was measured in vitro. Antifungal activity was determined in vitro against C. albicans. The efficacy of monotherapy and combination treatment was evaluated in a neutropenic mouse model of disseminated candidiasis. RESULTS The aggregation state, particle size, and hemolytic activity of mAmB-90 were unaffected by 5-FC. While antifungal activity was similar in vitro, mAmB-90 alone and combined with 5-FC was more potent than AmB-SD in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Short-term stability and in vivo efficacy of our formulation suggest potential to simultaneously deliver AmB and 5-FC for potent antifungal efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Alvarez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705-2222, USA
| | - David R Andes
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705-2281, USA
| | - Jeong Yeon Kang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705-2222, USA
| | - Carmen Krug
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705-2222, USA
| | - Glen S Kwon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705-2222, USA.
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Soliman GM. Nanoparticles as safe and effective delivery systems of antifungal agents: Achievements and challenges. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:15-32. [PMID: 28323096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are becoming a major health concern in several groups of patients leading to severe morbidity and mortality. Moreover, cutaneous fungal infections are a major cause of visits to outpatient dermatology clinics. Despite the availability of several effective agents in the antifungal drug arena, their therapeutic outcome is less than optimal due to limitations related to drug physicochemical properties and toxicity. For instance, poor aqueous solubility limits the formulation options and efficacy of several azole antifungal drugs while toxicity limits the benefits of many other drugs. Nanoparticles hold great promise to overcome these limitations due to their ability to enhance drug aqueous solubility, bioavailability and antifungal efficacy. Further, drug incorporation into nanoparticles could greatly reduce its toxicity. Despite these interesting nanoparticle features, there are only few marketed nanoparticle-based antifungal drug formulations. This review sheds light on different classes of nanoparticles used in antifungal drug delivery, such as lipid-based vesicles, polymeric micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions and dendrimers with emphasis on their advantages and limitations. Translation of these nanoformulations from the lab to the clinic could be facilitated by focusing the research on overcoming problems related to nanoparticle stability, drug loading and high cost of production and standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghareb M Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
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Alvarez C, Shin DH, Kwon GS. Reformulation of Fungizone by PEG-DSPE Micelles: Deaggregation and Detoxification of Amphotericin B. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2098-2106. [PMID: 27198671 PMCID: PMC4967395 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1948-7,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fungizone® (AmB-SD), amphotericin B solubilized by sodium deoxycholate, contains a highly aggregated form of the antifungal agent that causes dose-limiting renal toxicity. With the aim of reducing the formulation's toxicity by co-delivering monomeric amphotericin B (AmB) and sodium supplementation, we deaggregated AmB-SD with FDA-approved excipient PEG-DSPE in 0.9% NaCl-USP. Herein, we describe a reformulated AmB-SD with PEG-DSPE micelles that results in a less toxic drug with maintained antifungal activity. METHODS We compared the aggregation state and particle size of AmB-SD alone or combined with PEG-DSPE micelles. In vitro hemolytic activity and in vivo renal toxicity were measured to determine the toxicity of different formulations. In vitro antifungal assays were performed to determine differences in efficacy among formulations. RESULTS PEG-DSPE micelles in saline deaggregated AmB-SD. Deaggregated AmB-SD exhibited significantly reduced in vitro and in vivo toxicity. In vitro antifungal studies showed no difference in minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations of AmB-SD combined with PEG-DSPE relative to the drug alone. CONCLUSIONS Reformulation of AmB-SD with PEG-DSPE micelles in saline facilitates co-delivery of monomeric AmB and sodium supplementation, potentially reducing the dose-limiting nephrotoxicity of AmB-SD. Ease of preparation and commercially available components lead us to acknowledge its potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Alvarez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705-2222, USA
| | - Dae Hwan Shin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705-2222, USA
| | - Glen S Kwon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705-2222, USA.
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Alvarez C, Shin DH, Kwon GS. Reformulation of Fungizone by PEG-DSPE Micelles: Deaggregation and Detoxification of Amphotericin B. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2098-106. [PMID: 27198671 PMCID: PMC4967395 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fungizone® (AmB-SD), amphotericin B solubilized by sodium deoxycholate, contains a highly aggregated form of the antifungal agent that causes dose-limiting renal toxicity. With the aim of reducing the formulation's toxicity by co-delivering monomeric amphotericin B (AmB) and sodium supplementation, we deaggregated AmB-SD with FDA-approved excipient PEG-DSPE in 0.9% NaCl-USP. Herein, we describe a reformulated AmB-SD with PEG-DSPE micelles that results in a less toxic drug with maintained antifungal activity. METHODS We compared the aggregation state and particle size of AmB-SD alone or combined with PEG-DSPE micelles. In vitro hemolytic activity and in vivo renal toxicity were measured to determine the toxicity of different formulations. In vitro antifungal assays were performed to determine differences in efficacy among formulations. RESULTS PEG-DSPE micelles in saline deaggregated AmB-SD. Deaggregated AmB-SD exhibited significantly reduced in vitro and in vivo toxicity. In vitro antifungal studies showed no difference in minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations of AmB-SD combined with PEG-DSPE relative to the drug alone. CONCLUSIONS Reformulation of AmB-SD with PEG-DSPE micelles in saline facilitates co-delivery of monomeric AmB and sodium supplementation, potentially reducing the dose-limiting nephrotoxicity of AmB-SD. Ease of preparation and commercially available components lead us to acknowledge its potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Alvarez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705-2222, USA
| | - Dae Hwan Shin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705-2222, USA
| | - Glen S Kwon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705-2222, USA.
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Hu Y, Darcos V, Monge S, Li S, Zhou Y, Su F. Tunable thermo-responsive P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm)-b-PLLA-b-P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm) triblock copolymer micelles as drug carriers. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:2738-2748. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21793k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thermo-responsive P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm)-b-PLLA-b-P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm) triblock copolymers are synthesized via combination of ring-opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Hu
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR CNRS 5247 – Equipe Biopolymères Artificiels
- Université Montpellier I
- 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Darcos
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR CNRS 5247 – Equipe Biopolymères Artificiels
- Université Montpellier I
- 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Monge
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- UMR 5253 CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1 – Equipe Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires
- Université Montpellier II
- Montpellier, France
| | - Suming Li
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR CNRS 5247 – Equipe Biopolymères Artificiels
- Université Montpellier I
- 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Su
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao, China
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Aw MS, Kurian M, Losic D. Polymeric micelles for multidrug delivery and combination therapy. Chemistry 2013; 19:12586-601. [PMID: 23943229 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of conventional therapy based on a single therapeutic agent is not optimal to treat human diseases. The concept called "combination therapy", based on simultaneous administration of multiple therapeutics is recognized as a more efficient solution. Interestingly, this concept has been in use since ancient times in traditional herbal remedies with drug combinations, despite mechanisms of these therapeutics not fully comprehended by scientists. This idea has been recently re-enacted in modern scenarios with the introduction of polymeric micelles loaded with several drugs as multidrug nanocarriers. This Concept article presents current research and developments on the application of polymeric micelles for multidrug delivery and combination therapy. The principles of micelle formation, their structure, and the developments and concept of multidrug delivery are introduced, followed by discussion on recent advances of multidrug delivery concepts directed towards targeted drug delivery and cancer, gene, and RNA therapies. The advantages of various polymeric micelles designed for different applications, and new developments combined with diagnostics and imaging are elucidated. A compilation work from our group based on multidrug-loaded micelles as carriers in drug-releasing implants for local delivery systems based on titania nanotubes is summarized. Finally, an overview of recent developments and prospective outlook for future trends in this field is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moom Sinn Aw
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005 (Australia)
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