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Sharma D, Arora S, Banerjee A, Singh J. Improved insulin sensitivity in obese-diabetic mice via chitosan Nanomicelles mediated silencing of pro-inflammatory Adipocytokines. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 33:102357. [PMID: 33460779 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity induced chronic low-level inflammation is strongly associated with the development of insulin resistance and progression of type-2 diabetes. Systemic treatment with anti-inflammatory therapeutics requires high doses and is associated with serious adverse effects owing to generalized suppression of the immune system. Here we study localized knockdown of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and adipocytes using RNA interference for the treatment of insulin resistance. Chitosan nanomicelles conjugated to ATM and adipocyte targeting ligands were used to transfect short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Subcutaneous administration of nanomicellar/pDNA polyplexes in obese-diabetic mice resulted in decreased concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-1β along with increased concentration of insulin-sensitizing adipokine adiponectin. Downregulation of inflammatory cytokines resulted in improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance for up to six-weeks following single dose, compared to untreated obese-diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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Titze-de-Almeida SS, Soto-Sánchez C, Fernandez E, Koprich JB, Brotchie JM, Titze-de-Almeida R. The Promise and Challenges of Developing miRNA-Based Therapeutics for Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040841. [PMID: 32244357 PMCID: PMC7226753 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small double-stranded RNAs that exert a fine-tuning sequence-specific regulation of cell transcriptome. While one unique miRNA regulates hundreds of mRNAs, each mRNA molecule is commonly regulated by various miRNAs that bind to complementary sequences at 3’-untranslated regions for triggering the mechanism of RNA interference. Unfortunately, dysregulated miRNAs play critical roles in many disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world. Treatment of this slowly, progressive, and yet incurable pathology challenges neurologists. In addition to L-DOPA that restores dopaminergic transmission and ameliorate motor signs (i.e., bradykinesia, rigidity, tremors), patients commonly receive medication for mood disorders and autonomic dysfunctions. However, the effectiveness of L-DOPA declines over time, and the L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias commonly appear and become highly disabling. The discovery of more effective therapies capable of slowing disease progression –a neuroprotective agent–remains a critical need in PD. The present review focus on miRNAs as promising drug targets for PD, examining their role in underlying mechanisms of the disease, the strategies for controlling aberrant expressions, and, finally, the current technologies for translating these small molecules from bench to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simoneide S. Titze-de-Almeida
- Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, Central Institute of Sciences, FAV, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Cristina Soto-Sánchez
- Neuroprosthetics and Visual Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Alicante, Spain; (C.S.-S.); (E.F.)
| | - Eduardo Fernandez
- Neuroprosthetics and Visual Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Alicante, Spain; (C.S.-S.); (E.F.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine—CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - James B. Koprich
- Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada; (J.B.K.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Jonathan M. Brotchie
- Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada; (J.B.K.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Ricardo Titze-de-Almeida
- Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, Central Institute of Sciences, FAV, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-61-3107-7222
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Lee SWL, Paoletti C, Campisi M, Osaki T, Adriani G, Kamm RD, Mattu C, Chiono V. MicroRNA delivery through nanoparticles. J Control Release 2019; 313:80-95. [PMID: 31622695 PMCID: PMC6900258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are attracting a growing interest in the scientific community due to their central role in the etiology of major diseases. On the other hand, nanoparticle carriers offer unprecedented opportunities for cell specific controlled delivery of miRNAs for therapeutic purposes. This review critically discusses the use of nanoparticles for the delivery of miRNA-based therapeutics in the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders and for tissue regeneration. A fresh perspective is presented on the design and characterization of nanocarriers to accelerate translation from basic research to clinical application of miRNA-nanoparticles. Main challenges in the engineering of miRNA-loaded nanoparticles are discussed, and key application examples are highlighted to underline their therapeutic potential for effective and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wei Ling Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART), BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM), Singapore, Singapore(3); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore(3); Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore(3)
| | - Camilla Paoletti
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Campisi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Tatsuya Osaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Technology Square, Room NE47-321, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan(3)
| | - Giulia Adriani
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore(3); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART), BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM), Singapore, Singapore(3); Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Technology Square, Room NE47-321, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Technology Square, Room NE47-321, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Clara Mattu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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Abstract
Gene therapy has emerged as an alternative in the treatment of cancer, particularly in cases of resistance to chemo and radiotherapy. Different approaches to deliver genetic material to tumor tissues have been proposed, including the use of small non-coding RNAs due to their multiple mechanisms of action. However, such promise has shown limits in in vivo application related to RNA's biological instability and stimulation of immunity, urging the development of systems able to overcome those barriers. In this review, we discuss the use of RNA interference in cancer therapy with special attention to the role of siRNA and miRNA and to the challenges of their delivery in vivo. We introduce a promising class of drug delivery system known as micelle-like nanoparticles and explore their synthesis and advantages for gene therapy as well as the recent findings in in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies.
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Zhou H, Yang J, Du Y, Fu S, Song C, Zhi D, Zhao Y, Chen H, Zhang S, Zhang S. Novel carbamate-linked quaternary ammonium lipids containing unsaturated hydrophobic chains for gene delivery. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3535-3540. [PMID: 29801966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, two novel carbamate-linked quaternary ammonium lipids (MU18: a lipid with a mono-ammonium head; GU18: a lipid with a Gemini-ammonium head) containing unsaturated hydrophobic chains were designed and synthesized. The chemical structures of the synthetic lipids were characterized by infrared spectrum, ESI-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HPLC. For investigating the effect of unsaturation on gene delivery, the previous reported saturated cationic liposomes (MS18 and GS18) were used as comparison. Cationic liposomes were prepared by using these cationic lipids and neutral lipid DOPE at the molar ratio of 1:1. Particle sizes and zeta potentials of the cationic liposomes were studied to show that they were suitable for gene transfection. The binding abilities of the cationic liposomes were investigated by gel electrophoresis at various N/P ratios from 0.5/1 to 8/1. The results indicated that the binding ability of GU18 was much better than MU18 and the saturated cationic liposomes (MS18 and GS18). DNA transfection of these liposomes comparable to commercially available reagent (DOTAP) was achieved in vitro against Hela, HepG-2 and NCI-H460 cell lines. GU18 showed higher transfection at the N/P ratio of 3/1 than other cationic liposomes and the positive control, DOTAP. All of the liposomes presented a relatively low cytotoxicity, which was measured by MTT. Therefore, the synthetic lipids bearing unsaturated hydrophobic chains and Gemini-head could be promising candidates for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, Liaoning, China; SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Liaoning Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jian Yang
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Liaoning Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yanyan Du
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Liaoning Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shuang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenxi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, Liaoning, China
| | - Defu Zhi
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Liaoning Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Liaoning Dalian 116600, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Liaoning Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Liaoning Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, Liaoning, China.
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Cell Penetrating Peptide Conjugated Chitosan for Enhanced Delivery of Nucleic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28912-30. [PMID: 26690119 PMCID: PMC4691089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is an emerging therapeutic strategy for the cure or treatment of a spectrum of genetic disorders. Nevertheless, advances in gene therapy are immensely reliant upon design of an efficient gene carrier that can deliver genetic cargoes into the desired cell populations. Among various nonviral gene delivery systems, chitosan-based carriers have gained increasing attention because of their high cationic charge density, excellent biocompatibility, nearly nonexistent cytotoxicity, negligible immune response, and ideal ability to undergo chemical conjugation. However, a major shortcoming of chitosan-based carriers is their poor cellular uptake, leading to inadequate transfection efficiency. The intrinsic feature of cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) for transporting diverse cargoes into multiple cell and tissue types in a safe manner suggests that they can be conjugated to chitosan for improving its transfection efficiency. In this review, we briefly discuss CPPs and their classification, and also the major mechanisms contributing to the cellular uptake of CPPs and cargo conjugates. We also discuss immense improvements for the delivery of nucleic acids using CPP-conjugated chitosan-based carriers with special emphasis on plasmid DNA and small interfering RNA.
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Navarro G, Pan J, Torchilin VP. Micelle-like nanoparticles as carriers for DNA and siRNA. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:301-13. [PMID: 25557580 DOI: 10.1021/mp5007213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy represents a potential efficient approach of disease prevention and therapy. However, due to their poor in vivo stability, gene molecules need to be associated with delivery systems to overcome extracellular and intracellular barriers and allow access to the site of action. Cationic polymeric nanoparticles are popular carriers for small interfering RNA (siRNA) and DNA-based therapeutics for which efficient and safe delivery are important factors that need to be optimized. Micelle-like nanoparticles (MNP) (half micelles, half polymeric nanoparticles) can overcome some of the disadvantages of such cationic carriers by unifying in one single carrier the best of both delivery systems. In this review, we will discuss how the unique properties of MNP including self-assembly, condensation and protection of nucleic acids, improved cell association and gene transfection, and low toxicity may contribute to the successful application of siRNA- and DNA-based therapeutics into the clinic. Recent developments of MNP involving the addition of stimulus-sensitive functions to respond specifically to pathological or externally applied "triggers" (e.g., temperature, pH or enzymatic catalysis, light, or magnetic fields) will be discussed. Finally, we will overview the use of MNP as two-in-one carriers for the simultaneous delivery of different agents (small molecules, imaging agents) and nucleic acid combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Navarro
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Wang L, Li L, Sun Y, Ding J, Li J, Duan X, Li Y, Junyaprasert VB, Mao S. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan graft glyceryl monooleate as peroral delivery carrier of enoxaparin. Int J Pharm 2014; 471:391-9. [PMID: 24882036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper a novel copolymer, chitosan graft glyceryl monooleate (CS-GO) was synthesized and its potential as the nanocarrier for enhancing the peroral delivery of enoxaparin was studied systemically. The successful synthesis was characterized by (1)H NMR. Enoxaparin nanocomplexes were prepared by self-assembly. Mucoadhesive properties of the nanocomplexes were evaluated using mucin particle method. Uptake and transport of the nanocomplexes were investigated in Caco-2 cells. In vivo absorption was studied in rats. The therapeutic effects of the nanocomplexes were evaluated using pulmonary thromboembolism model in mice. This study demonstrated that compared to chitosan based system, hydrophobic modification of CS with GO enhanced the oral absorption of enoxaparin significantly, which is in good agreement with the enhanced mucoadhesion, cellular internalization and transport in cell culture. Cellular uptake of CS-GO based enoxaparin nanocomplexes was incubation time, enoxaparin concentration and incubation temperature dependent. The uptake mechanism was assumed to be adsorptive endocytosis via clathrin- and caveolae-mediated process. Its therapeutic efficacy was further demonstrated by pharmacodynamic study with pulmonary thromboembolism inhibition percentage 47.1%. In conclusion, CS-GO copolymer is a promising nanocarrier for enhancing the oral absorption of enoxaparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yujiao Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaopin Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Varaporn B Junyaprasert
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Autthaya, Rajathavee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Shirui Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Layek B, Singh J. Cell penetrating peptide conjugated polymeric micelles as a high performance versatile nonviral gene carrier. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:4071-81. [PMID: 24083483 DOI: 10.1021/bm401204n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The major goal of this study is to design, synthesize, and evaluate linoleic acid and penetratin dual-functionalized chitosan (CS-Lin-Pen) as a nonviral gene carrier. The amphiphilic CS-Lin-Pen self-assembles to form cationic micelles in an aqueous environment. These polymeric micelles exhibited excellent hemocompatibility and cell viability, as evaluated by in vitro hemolysis and MTT assay, respectively. When CS-Lin-Pen micelles were added to plasmid DNA (pDNA) solution, the electrostatic interaction between the cationic micelles and anionic pDNA led to the formation of stable CS-Lin-Pen/pDNA polyplexes with ~100 nm in size. The resultant polyplexes demonstrated ~5-fold higher cellular uptake as compared to unmodified chitosan. Furthermore, CS-Lin-Pen micelles showed efficient protection of pDNA from DNase I attack and exhibited ~34-40-fold higher transfection in comparison with unmodified chitosan in HEK 293, CHO, and HeLa cells. These findings illustrate that the CS-Lin-Pen micelles could be exploited as a potential nonviral vector for efficient gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhadev Layek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
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Sun J, Zeng F, Jian H, Wu S. Grafting zwitterionic polymer chains onto PEI as a convenient strategy to enhance gene delivery performance. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00752a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Oak M, Singh J. Chitosan-zinc-insulin complex incorporated thermosensitive polymer for controlled delivery of basal insulin in vivo. J Control Release 2012; 163:145-53. [PMID: 22902516 PMCID: PMC6172955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Thermosensitive polymeric delivery system (PLA-PEG-PLA) loaded with chitosan-zinc-insulin complex was designed for continuous in vivo insulin delivery at basal level for prolonged period after a single subcutaneous injection. Chitosan-zinc-insulin complex was optimized to restrict the diffusion of insulin from the delivery system by forming large complexes and thereby reducing the initial burst release. The in vivo absorption and bioactivity of insulin released from the delivery systems were studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. The amount of insulin released in vivo was quantified using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and its bioactivity was determined by its ability to reduce the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. An indirect ELISA was performed to determine the immunogenic potential of insulin released from the formulations. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the delivery system was studied using an MTT assay, and by studying the histology of skin samples, respectively. Chitosan-zinc-insulin complex significantly (P<0.05) reduced the initial burst release of insulin from the polymeric delivery system in comparison to zinc-insulin or insulin alone. The delivery system released insulin for ~3 months in biologically active form with corresponding reduction in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. The insulin released from the delivery systems did not provoke any immune response. The delivery systems demonstrated excellent biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo and were non-toxic. The results indicate that the chitosan-zinc-insulin complex incorporated in the thermosensitive polymeric delivery system can be used as an alternative to the conventional daily basal insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayura Oak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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Mandke R, Singh J. Cationic nanomicelles for delivery of plasmids encoding interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 for prevention of autoimmune diabetes in mice. Pharm Res 2011; 29:883-97. [PMID: 22076555 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the in vivo transfection efficiency of N-acyl derivatives of low-molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) to deliver pVIVO2-mIL4-mIL10 plasmid encoding interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in multiple, low-dose streptozotocin induced diabetic mouse model. METHODS N-acyl LMWC nanomicelles were characterized for size and charge. The pVIVO2-mIL4-mIL10/N-acyl LMWC polyplexes were injected intramuscularly in mice and compared for transfection efficiency with naked DNA and FuGENE® HD. Bicistronic pVIVO2-mIL4-mIL10 plasmid was compared with individual plasmids encoding IL-4 and IL-10 for efficacy. The levels of blood glucose and serum IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ were monitored. The ability of plasmid administration to protect from insulitis and biocompatibility of N-acyl LMWC were studied. RESULTS The N-acyl LMWC led to significantly higher (p < 0.05) expression of IL-4 and IL-10 and reduced the levels of blood glucose, TNF-α and IFN-γ, especially in animals treated with pVIVO2-mIL4-mIL10 plasmid. The pancreas of pDNA/N-acyl LMWC polyplex treated animals exhibited protection from insulitis and the delivery systems were found to be biocompatible. CONCLUSIONS N-acyl derivatives of LMWC are efficient and biocompatible gene delivery vectors, and the administration of bicistronic pVIVO2-mIL4-mIL10 plasmid polyplexes can protect the pancreatic islets from insulitis, possibly due to the synergistic effect of IL-4 and IL-10 encoding plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhishikesh Mandke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Nursing and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
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