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Fate AS, Maheshwari Y, Shekhar Tiwari S, Das P, Bal M. Exploring nanocellulose's role in revolutionizing the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132837. [PMID: 38848844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The increasing global demand for eco-friendly products derived from natural resources has spurred intensive research into biomaterials. Among these materials, nanocellulose stands out as a highly efficient option, consisting of tightly packed cellulose fibrils derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Nanocellulose boasts a remarkable combination of attributes, including a high specific surface area, impressive mechanical strength, abundant hydroxyl groups for easy modification, as well as non-toxic, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly properties. Consequently, nanocellulose has been extensively studied for advanced applications. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the various sources of nanocellulose derived from diverse natural sources and outlines the wide array of production methods available. Furthermore, it delves into the extensive utility of nanocellulose within the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries, shedding light on its potential role in these fields. Additionally, it highlights the significance of nanocellulose composites and their applications, while also addressing key challenges that must be overcome to enable widespread utilization of nanocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Sandip Fate
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Yash Maheshwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Shashank Shekhar Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Payal Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Manisha Bal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India.
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2
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Bejenaru C, Radu A, Segneanu AE, Biţă A, Ciocîlteu MV, Mogoşanu GD, Bradu IA, Vlase T, Vlase G, Bejenaru LE. Pharmaceutical Applications of Biomass Polymers: Review of Current Research and Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1182. [PMID: 38732651 PMCID: PMC11085205 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymers derived from natural biomass have emerged as a valuable resource in the field of biomedicine due to their versatility. Polysaccharides, peptides, proteins, and lignin have demonstrated promising results in various applications, including drug delivery design. However, several challenges need to be addressed to realize the full potential of these polymers. The current paper provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research and perspectives in this area, with a particular focus on developing effective methods and efficient drug delivery systems. This review aims to offer insights into the opportunities and challenges associated with the use of natural polymers in biomedicine and to provide a roadmap for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj, Romania; (C.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonia Radu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj, Romania; (C.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Adina-Elena Segneanu
- Institute for Advanced Environmental Research, West University of Timişoara (ICAM–WUT), 4 Oituz Street, 300086 Timişoara, Timiş, Romania; (I.A.B.); (T.V.); (G.V.)
| | - Andrei Biţă
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj, Romania; (A.B.); (G.D.M.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Maria Viorica Ciocîlteu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj, Romania;
| | - George Dan Mogoşanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj, Romania; (A.B.); (G.D.M.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Ionela Amalia Bradu
- Institute for Advanced Environmental Research, West University of Timişoara (ICAM–WUT), 4 Oituz Street, 300086 Timişoara, Timiş, Romania; (I.A.B.); (T.V.); (G.V.)
| | - Titus Vlase
- Institute for Advanced Environmental Research, West University of Timişoara (ICAM–WUT), 4 Oituz Street, 300086 Timişoara, Timiş, Romania; (I.A.B.); (T.V.); (G.V.)
- Research Center for Thermal Analyzes in Environmental Problems, West University of Timişoara, 16 Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi Street, 300115 Timişoara, Timiş, Romania
| | - Gabriela Vlase
- Institute for Advanced Environmental Research, West University of Timişoara (ICAM–WUT), 4 Oituz Street, 300086 Timişoara, Timiş, Romania; (I.A.B.); (T.V.); (G.V.)
- Research Center for Thermal Analyzes in Environmental Problems, West University of Timişoara, 16 Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi Street, 300115 Timişoara, Timiş, Romania
| | - Ludovic Everard Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj, Romania; (A.B.); (G.D.M.); (L.E.B.)
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3
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Islam MM, Raikwar S. Enhancement of Oral Bioavailability of Protein and Peptide by Polysaccharide-based Nanoparticles. Protein Pept Lett 2024; 31:209-228. [PMID: 38509673 DOI: 10.2174/0109298665292469240228064739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery is a prevalent and cost-effective method due to its advantages, such as increased drug absorption surface area and improved patient compliance. However, delivering proteins and peptides orally remains a challenge due to their vulnerability to degradation by digestive enzymes, stomach acids, and limited intestinal membrane permeability, resulting in poor bioavailability. The use of nanotechnology has emerged as a promising solution to enhance the bioavailability of these vital therapeutic agents. Polymeric NPs, made from natural or synthetic polymers, are commonly used. Natural polysaccharides, such as alginate, chitosan, dextran, starch, pectin, etc., have gained preference due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and versatility in encapsulating various drug types. Their hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties can be tailored to suit different drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moidul Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sarjana Raikwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
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4
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Moraru A, Dima ȘO, Tritean N, Oprița EI, Prelipcean AM, Trică B, Oancea A, Moraru I, Constantinescu-Aruxandei D, Oancea F. Bioactive-Loaded Hydrogels Based on Bacterial Nanocellulose, Chitosan, and Poloxamer for Rebalancing Vaginal Microbiota. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1671. [PMID: 38139798 PMCID: PMC10748236 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible drug-delivery systems for soft tissue applications are of high interest for the medical and pharmaceutical fields. The subject of this research is the development of hydrogels loaded with bioactive compounds (inulin, thyme essential oil, hydro-glycero-alcoholic extract of Vitis vinifera, Opuntia ficus-indica powder, lactic acid, citric acid) in order to support the vaginal microbiota homeostasis. The nanofibrillar phyto-hydrogel systems developed using the biocompatible polymers chitosan (CS), never-dried bacterial nanocellulose (NDBNC), and Poloxamer 407 (PX) incorporated the water-soluble bioactive components in the NDBNC hydrophilic fraction and the hydrophobic components in the hydrophobic core of the PX fraction. Two NDBNC-PX hydrogels and one NDBNC-PX-CS hydrogel were structurally and physical-chemically characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and rheology. The hydrogels were also evaluated in terms of thermo-responsive properties, mucoadhesion, biocompatibility, and prebiotic and antimicrobial effects. The mucin binding efficiency of hydrogel base systems was determined by the periodic acid/Schiff base (PAS) assay. Biocompatibility of hydrogel systems was determined by the MTT test using mouse fibroblasts. The prebiotic activity was determined using the probiotic strains Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum. Antimicrobial activity was also assessed using relevant microbial strains, respectively, E. coli and C. albicans. TEM evidenced PX micelles of around 20 nm on NDBNC nanofibrils. The FTIR and XRD analyses revealed that the binary hydrogels are dominated by PX signals, and that the ternary hydrogel is dominated by CS, with additional particular fingerprints for the biocompounds and the hydrogel interaction with mucin. Rheology evidenced the gel transition temperatures of 18-22 °C for the binary hydrogels with thixotropic behavior and, respectively, no gel transition, with rheopectic behavior for the ternary hydrogel. The adhesion energies of the binary and ternary hydrogels were evaluated to be around 1.2 J/m2 and 9.1 J/m2, respectively. The hydrogels exhibited a high degree of biocompatibility, with the potential to support cell proliferation and also to promote the growth of lactobacilli. The hydrogel systems also presented significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Moraru
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, Bd. Mărăști Nr. 59, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
- S.C. Laboratoarele Medica Srl, Strada Frasinului Nr. 11, 075100 Otopeni, Romania;
| | - Ștefan-Ovidiu Dima
- Polymers and Bioresources Departments, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei Nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.-O.D.); (N.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Naomi Tritean
- Polymers and Bioresources Departments, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei Nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.-O.D.); (N.T.); (B.T.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei Nr. 91-95, Sector 5, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena-Iulia Oprița
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Splaiul Independentei Nr. 296, Sector 6, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (E.-I.O.); (A.-M.P.); (A.O.)
| | - Ana-Maria Prelipcean
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Splaiul Independentei Nr. 296, Sector 6, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (E.-I.O.); (A.-M.P.); (A.O.)
| | - Bogdan Trică
- Polymers and Bioresources Departments, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei Nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.-O.D.); (N.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Anca Oancea
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Splaiul Independentei Nr. 296, Sector 6, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (E.-I.O.); (A.-M.P.); (A.O.)
| | - Ionuț Moraru
- S.C. Laboratoarele Medica Srl, Strada Frasinului Nr. 11, 075100 Otopeni, Romania;
| | - Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei
- Polymers and Bioresources Departments, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei Nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.-O.D.); (N.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Florin Oancea
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, Bd. Mărăști Nr. 59, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
- Polymers and Bioresources Departments, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei Nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.-O.D.); (N.T.); (B.T.)
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Bayer IS. Controlled Drug Release from Nanoengineered Polysaccharides. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051364. [PMID: 37242606 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are naturally occurring complex molecules with exceptional physicochemical properties and bioactivities. They originate from plant, animal, and microbial-based resources and processes and can be chemically modified. The biocompatibility and biodegradability of polysaccharides enable their increased use in nanoscale synthesis and engineering for drug encapsulation and release. This review focuses on sustained drug release studies from nanoscale polysaccharides in the fields of nanotechnology and biomedical sciences. Particular emphasis is placed on drug release kinetics and relevant mathematical models. An effective release model can be used to envision the behavior of specific nanoscale polysaccharide matrices and reduce impending experimental trial and error, saving time and resources. A robust model can also assist in translating from in vitro to in vivo experiments. The main aim of this review is to demonstrate that any study that establishes sustained release from nanoscale polysaccharide matrices should be accompanied by a detailed analysis of drug release kinetics by modeling since sustained release from polysaccharides not only involves diffusion and degradation but also surface erosion, complicated swelling dynamics, crosslinking, and drug-polymer interactions. As such, in the first part, we discuss the classification and role of polysaccharides in various applications and later elaborate on the specific pharmaceutical processes of polysaccharides in ionic gelling, stabilization, cross-linking, grafting, and encapsulation of drugs. We also document several drug release models applied to nanoscale hydrogels, nanofibers, and nanoparticles of polysaccharides and conclude that, at times, more than one model can accurately describe the sustained release profiles, indicating the existence of release mechanisms running in parallel. Finally, we conclude with the future opportunities and advanced applications of nanoengineered polysaccharides and their theranostic aptitudes for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker S Bayer
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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6
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Wang F, Li L, Zhu X, Chen F, Han X. Development of pH-Responsive Polypills via Semi-Solid Extrusion 3D Printing. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040402. [PMID: 37106589 PMCID: PMC10135560 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The low bioavailability of orally administered drugs as a result of the instability in the gastrointestinal tract environment creates significant challenges to developing site-targeted drug delivery systems. This study proposes a novel hydrogel drug carrier using pH-responsive materials assisted with semi-solid extrusion 3D printing technology, enabling site-targeted drug release and customisation of temporal release profiles. The effects of material parameters on the pH-responsive behaviours of printed tablets were analysed thoroughly by investigating the swelling properties under both artificial gastric and intestinal fluids. It has been shown that high swelling rates at either acidic or alkaline conditions can be achieved by adjusting the mass ratio between sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan, enabling site-targeted release. The drug release experiments reveal that gastric drug release can be achieved with a mass ratio of 1:3, whilst a ratio of 3:1 allows for intestinal release. Furthermore, controlled release is realised by tuning the infill density of the printing process. The method proposed in this study can not only significantly improve the bioavailability of oral drugs, but also offer the potential that each component of a compound drug tablet can be released in a controlled manner at a target location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ling Li
- National Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Feng Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- National Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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7
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Samyn P, Meftahi A, Geravand SA, Heravi MEM, Najarzadeh H, Sabery MSK, Barhoum A. Opportunities for bacterial nanocellulose in biomedical applications: Review on biosynthesis, modification and challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123316. [PMID: 36682647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a natural polysaccharide produced as extracellular material by bacterial strains and has favorable intrinsic properties for primary use in biomedical applications. In this review, an update on state-of-the art and challenges in BNC production, surface modification and biomedical application is given. Recent insights in biosynthesis allowed for better understanding of governing parameters improving production efficiency. In particular, introduction of different carbon/nitrogen sources from alternative feedstock and industrial upscaling of various production methods is challenging. It is important to have control on the morphology, porosity and forms of BNC depending on biosynthesis conditions, depending on selection of bacterial strains, reactor design, additives and culture conditions. The BNC is intrinsically characterized by high water absorption capacity, good thermal and mechanical stability, biocompatibility and biodegradability to certain extent. However, additional chemical and/or physical surface modifications are required to improve cell compatibility, protein interaction and antimicrobial properties. The novel trends in synthesis include the in-situ culturing of hybrid BNC nanocomposites in combination with organic material, inorganic material or extracellular components. In parallel with toxicity studies, the applications of BNC in wound care, tissue engineering, medical implants, drug delivery systems or carriers for bioactive compounds, and platforms for biosensors are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Samyn
- SIRRIS, Department Innovations in Circular Economy, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Amin Meftahi
- Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Abbasi Geravand
- Department of Technical & Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamideh Najarzadeh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Science And Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmed Barhoum
- NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland.
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Solhi L, Guccini V, Heise K, Solala I, Niinivaara E, Xu W, Mihhels K, Kröger M, Meng Z, Wohlert J, Tao H, Cranston ED, Kontturi E. Understanding Nanocellulose-Water Interactions: Turning a Detriment into an Asset. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1925-2015. [PMID: 36724185 PMCID: PMC9999435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern technology has enabled the isolation of nanocellulose from plant-based fibers, and the current trend focuses on utilizing nanocellulose in a broad range of sustainable materials applications. Water is generally seen as a detrimental component when in contact with nanocellulose-based materials, just like it is harmful for traditional cellulosic materials such as paper or cardboard. However, water is an integral component in plants, and many applications of nanocellulose already accept the presence of water or make use of it. This review gives a comprehensive account of nanocellulose-water interactions and their repercussions in all key areas of contemporary research: fundamental physical chemistry, chemical modification of nanocellulose, materials applications, and analytical methods to map the water interactions and the effect of water on a nanocellulose matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Solhi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Valentina Guccini
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Katja Heise
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Iina Solala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Elina Niinivaara
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wenyang Xu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, TurkuFI-20500, Finland
| | - Karl Mihhels
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Marcel Kröger
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Zhuojun Meng
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou325001, China
| | - Jakob Wohlert
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Han Tao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
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9
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Trombino S, Sole R, Di Gioia ML, Procopio D, Curcio F, Cassano R. Green Chemistry Principles for Nano- and Micro-Sized Hydrogel Synthesis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052107. [PMID: 36903352 PMCID: PMC10004334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for drug carriers and green-technology-based tissue engineering materials has enabled the fabrication of different types of micro- and nano-assemblies. Hydrogels are a type of material that have been extensively investigated in recent decades. Their physical and chemical properties, such as hydrophilicity, resemblance to living systems, swelling ability and modifiability, make them suitable to be exploited for many pharmaceutical and bioengineering applications. This review deals with a brief account of green-manufactured hydrogels, their characteristics, preparations, importance in the field of green biomedical technology and their future perspectives. Only hydrogels based on biopolymers, and primarily on polysaccharides, are considered. Particular attention is given to the processes of extracting such biopolymers from natural sources and the various emerging problems for their processing, such as solubility. Hydrogels are catalogued according to the main biopolymer on which they are based and, for each type, the chemical reactions and the processes that enable their assembly are identified. The economic and environmental sustainability of these processes are commented on. The possibility of large-scale processing in the production of the investigated hydrogels are framed in the context of an economy aimed at waste reduction and resource recycling.
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10
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Bellmann T, Thamm J, Beekmann U, Kralisch D, Fischer D. In situ Formation of Polymer Microparticles in Bacterial Nanocellulose Using Alternative and Sustainable Solvents to Incorporate Lipophilic Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020559. [PMID: 36839881 PMCID: PMC9958971 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose has been widely investigated in drug delivery, but the incorporation of lipophilic drugs and controlling release kinetics still remain a challenge. The inclusion of polymer particles to encapsulate drugs could address both problems but is reported sparely. In the present study, a formulation approach based on in situ precipitation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) within bacterial nanocellulose was developed using and comparing the conventional solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the alternative solvents poly(ethylene glycol), CyreneTM and ethyl lactate. Using the best-performing solvents N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethyl lactate, their fast diffusion during phase inversion led to the formation of homogenously distributed polymer microparticles with average diameters between 2.0 and 6.6 µm within the cellulose matrix. Despite polymer inclusion, the water absorption value of the material still remained at ~50% of the original value and the material was able to release 32 g/100 cm2 of the bound water. Mechanical characteristics were not impaired compared to the native material. The process was suitable for encapsulating the highly lipophilic drugs cannabidiol and 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid and enabled their sustained release with zero order kinetics over up to 10 days. Conclusively, controlled drug release for highly lipophilic compounds within bacterial nanocellulose could be achieved using sustainable solvents for preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Bellmann
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jana Thamm
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Uwe Beekmann
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
- JeNaCell GmbH—An Evonik Company, Göschwitzer Straße 22, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dana Kralisch
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
- JeNaCell GmbH—An Evonik Company, Göschwitzer Straße 22, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Evonik Industries AG, Rellinghauser Straße 1-11, 45128 Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Fischer
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-29552
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11
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Bellmann T, Luber R, Kischio L, Karl B, Pötzinger Y, Beekmann U, Kralisch D, Wiegand C, Fischer D. Bacterial nanocellulose patches as a carrier for hydrating formulations to improve the topical treatment of nail diseases. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Transdermal therapeutic system: Study of cellulose nanocrystals influenced methylcellulose-chitosan bionanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:556-567. [PMID: 35905757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there is a drive toward the fabrication and application of bio-based non-cytotoxic drug carriers. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have gotten immense research attention as a promising bioderived material in the biomedical field due to its remarkable properties. The delivery of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac tromethamine (KT) by transdermal route is stipulated herewith to fabricate suitable transdermal therapeutic systems. We have synthesized CNCs from jute fibers and aim to develop a non-cytotoxic polymer-based bionanocomposites (BNCs) transdermal patch, formulated with methylcellulose (MC), chitosan (CH), along with exploration of CNCs for sustained delivery of KT, where CNCs act as nanofiller and elegant nanocarrier. CNCs reinforced MCCH blends were prepared via the solvent evaporation technique. The chemical structure, morphology, and thermal stability of the prepared bionanocomposites formulations were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), TGA, DSC, DMA, and SEM. The In vitro drug release studies were executed using Franz diffusion cells. The BNC patches showed in-vitro cytocompatibility and the drug release study revealed that BNC containing 1 wt% CNCs presented the best-sustained drug release profile. The bioderived CNCs appear to enhance the BNCs drug's bioavailability, which could have a broad prospect for TDD applications.
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Nanocellulose-Based Composite Materials Used in Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132648. [PMID: 35808693 PMCID: PMC9268916 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose has lately emerged as one of the most promising “green” materials due to its unique properties. Nanocellulose can be mainly divided into three types, i.e., cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and bacterial cellulose (BC). With the rapid development of technology, nanocellulose has been designed into multidimensional structures, including 1D (nanofibers, microparticles), 2D (films), and 3D (hydrogels, aerogels) materials. Due to its adaptable surface chemistry, high surface area, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, nanocellulose-based composite materials can be further transformed as drug delivery carriers. Herein, nanocellulose-based composite material used for drug delivery was reviewed. The typical drug release behaviors and the drug release mechanisms of nanocellulose-based composite materials were further summarized, and the potential application of nanocellulose-based composite materials was prospected as well.
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Bacterial Cellulose as Drug Delivery System for Optimizing Release of Immune Checkpoint Blocking Antibodies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071351. [PMID: 35890247 PMCID: PMC9316226 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blocking therapy is a promising cancer treatment modality, though it has limitations such as systemic toxicity, which can often be traced to uncontrolled antibody spread. Controlling antibody release with delivery systems is, therefore, an attractive approach to reduce systemic antibody spread and potentially mitigate the side effects of checkpoint immunotherapy. Here, bacterial cellulose (BC) was produced and investigated as a delivery system for optimizing checkpoint-blocking antibody delivery. BC was produced in 24-well plates, and afterward, the edges were removed to obtain square-shaped BC samples with a surface of ~49 mm2. This customization was necessary to allow smooth in vivo implantation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the dense cellulose network within BC. Human IgG antibody was included as the model antibody for loading and release studies. IgG antibody solution was injected into the center of BC samples. In vitro, all IgG was released within 24 to 48 h. Cell culture experiments demonstrated that BC neither exerted cytotoxic effects nor induced dendritic cell activation. Antibody binding assays demonstrated that BC does not hamper antibody function. Finally, antibody-loaded BC was implanted in mice, and serum measurements revealed that BC significantly reduced IgG and anti-CTLA-4 spread in mice. BC implantation did not induce side effects in mice. Altogether, BC is a promising and safe delivery system for optimizing the delivery and release of checkpoint-blocking antibodies.
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Recent Advances in 3D Bioprinting: A Review of Cellulose-Based Biomaterials Ink. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112260. [PMID: 35683932 PMCID: PMC9183181 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose-based biodegradable hydrogel proves to be excellently suitable for the medical and water treatment industry based on the expressed properties such as its flexible structure and broad compatibility. Moreover, their potential to provide excellent waste management from the unutilized plant has triggered further study on the advanced biomaterial applications. To extend the use of cellulose-based hydrogel, additive manufacturing is a suitable technique for hydrogel fabrication in complex designs. Cellulose-based biomaterial ink used in 3D bioprinting can be further used for tissue engineering, drug delivery, protein study, microalgae, bacteria, and cell immobilization. This review includes a discussion on the techniques available for additive manufacturing, bio-based material, and the formation of a cellulose-based hydrogel.
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Xie Y, Qiao K, Yue L, Tang T, Zheng Y, Zhu S, Yang H, Fang Z. A self-crosslinking, double-functional group modified bacterial cellulose gel used for antibacterial and healing of infected wound. Bioact Mater 2022; 17:248-260. [PMID: 35386438 PMCID: PMC8965089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose/chitosan composite, as a mature commercial antibacterial dressing, is an important type of wound repair material. However, how to achieve the perfect compound of two components and improve antibacterial activity is a major, lingering issue. In this study, a bifunctional group modified bacterial cellulose (DCBC) was prepared by carboxymethylation and selective oxidation. Further, the chitosan (CS) was compounded in the network of DCBC by self-crosslinking to form dialdehyde carboxymethyl bacterial cellulose/chitosan composites (S-DCBC/CS). The aldehyde group can react with amino of CS by Schiff base reaction. The carboxyl group of DCBC and the amorphous distribution of CS molecular chains increase the antimicrobial properties of composites. The bacteriostatic rate of composites could be higher than 95%. Bacteria can be attracted onto the surface of composites, what we call it “directional adhesion antibacterial effects”. In particular, a kind of large animal wound model, deep Ⅱ degree infected scald of Bama miniature pig, was used to research the antimicrobial and healing properties of materials. The S-DCBC/CS can effectively inhibit bacterial proliferation of wound and kill the bacteria. The wound healing rate of S-DCBC/CS was up to 80% after three weeks. The composites show better antibacterial and promoting concrescence effects than traditional chitosan dressings. A network composites from dialdehyde carboxylmethyl BC with chitosan that has good antibacterial properties. Deep Ⅱ degree infected scald of Bama pig was used to research the antimicrobial and healing properties of S-DCBC/CS. The S-DCBC/CS composites could promote epidermal growth and collagen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Xie
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Yue
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang, 065201, Hebei, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yudong Zheng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Shihui Zhu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Huiyi Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyuan Fang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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Patil TV, Patel DK, Dutta SD, Ganguly K, Santra TS, Lim KT. Nanocellulose, a versatile platform: From the delivery of active molecules to tissue engineering applications. Bioact Mater 2022; 9:566-589. [PMID: 34820589 PMCID: PMC8591404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose, a biopolymer, has received wide attention from researchers owing to its superior physicochemical properties, such as high mechanical strength, low density, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Nanocellulose can be extracted from wide range of sources, including plants, bacteria, and algae. Depending on the extraction process and dimensions (diameter and length), they are categorized into three main types: cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). CNCs are a highly crystalline and needle-like structure, whereas CNFs have both amorphous and crystalline regions in their network. BNC is the purest form of nanocellulose. The nanocellulose properties can be tuned by chemical functionalization, which increases its applicability in biomedical applications. This review highlights the fabrication of different surface-modified nanocellulose to deliver active molecules, such as drugs, proteins, and plasmids. Nanocellulose-mediated delivery of active molecules is profoundly affected by its topographical structure and the interaction between the loaded molecules and nanocellulose. The applications of nanocellulose and its composites in tissue engineering have been discussed. Finally, the review is concluded with further opportunities and challenges in nanocellulose-mediated delivery of active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejal V. Patil
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh K. Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Deptarment of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, 600036, India
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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An Overview Regarding Microbial Aspects of Production and Applications of Bacterial Cellulose. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020676. [PMID: 35057394 PMCID: PMC8779708 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is the most widely used biopolymer, accounting for about 1.5 trillion tons of annual production on Earth. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a form produced by different species of bacteria, representing a purified form of cellulose. The structure of bacterial cellulose consists of glucose monomers that give it excellent properties for different medical applications (unique nanostructure, high water holding capacity, high degree of polymerization, high mechanical strength, and high crystallinity). These properties differ depending on the cellulose-producing bacteria. The most discussed topic is related to the use of bacterial cellulose as a versatile biopolymer for wound dressing applications. The aim of this review is to present the microbial aspects of BC production and potential applications in development of value-added products, especially for biomedical applications.
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20
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Singhania RR, Patel AK, Tsai ML, Chen CW, Di Dong C. Genetic modification for enhancing bacterial cellulose production and its applications. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6793-6807. [PMID: 34519629 PMCID: PMC8806912 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1968989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is higher in demand due to its excellent properties which is attributed to its purity and nano size. Komagataeibacter xylinum is a model organism where BC production has been studied in detail because of its higher cellulose production capacity. BC production mechanism shows involvement of a series of sequential reactions with enzymes for biosynthesis of cellulose. It is necessary to know the mechanism to understand the involvement of regulatory proteins which could be the probable targets for genetic modification to enhance or regulate yield of BC and to alter BC properties as well. For the industrial production of BC, controlled synthesis is desired so as to save energy, hence genetic manipulation opens up avenues for upregulating or controlling the cellulose synthesis in the bacterium by targeting genes involved in cellulose biosynthesis. In this review article genetic modification has been presented as a tool to introduce desired changes at genetic level resulting in improved yield or properties. There has been a lack of studies on genetic modification for BC production due to limited availability of information on whole genome and genetic toolkits; however, in last few years, the number of studies has been increased on this aspect as whole genome sequencing of several Komagataeibacter strains are being done. In this review article, we have presented the mechanisms and the targets for genetic modifications in order to achieve desired changes in the BC production titer as well as its characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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21
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Controlled Release of the α-Tocopherol-Derived Metabolite α-13'-Carboxychromanol from Bacterial Nanocellulose Wound Cover Improves Wound Healing. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081939. [PMID: 34443772 PMCID: PMC8398652 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of tissue remodeling during wound healing. The inflammatory response to wounds is tightly controlled and well-coordinated; dysregulation compromises wound healing and causes persistent inflammation. Topical application of natural anti-inflammatory products may improve wound healing, in particular under chronic pathological conditions. The long-chain metabolites of vitamin E (LCM) are bioactive molecules that mediate cellular effects via oxidative stress signaling as well as anti-inflammatory pathways. However, the effect of LCM on wound healing has not been investigated. We administered the α-tocopherol-derived LCMs α-13'-hydroxychromanol (α-13'-OH) and α-13'-carboxychromanol (α-13'-COOH) as well as the natural product garcinoic acid, a δ-tocotrienol derivative, in different pharmaceutical formulations directly to wounds using a splinted wound mouse model to investigate their effects on the wounds' proinflammatory microenvironment and wound healing. Garcinoic acid and, in particular, α-13'-COOH accelerated wound healing and quality of the newly formed tissue. We next loaded bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), a valuable nanomaterial used as a wound dressing with high potential for drug delivery, with α-13'-COOH. The controlled release of α-13'-COOH using BNC promoted wound healing and wound closure, mainly when a diabetic condition was induced before the injury. This study highlights the potential of α-13'-COOH combined with BNC as a potential active wound dressing for the advanced therapy of skin injuries.
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Lunardi VB, Soetaredjo FE, Putro JN, Santoso SP, Yuliana M, Sunarso J, Ju YH, Ismadji S. Nanocelluloses: Sources, Pretreatment, Isolations, Modification, and Its Application as the Drug Carriers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2052. [PMID: 34201884 PMCID: PMC8272055 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 'Back-to-nature' concept has currently been adopted intensively in various industries, especially the pharmaceutical industry. In the past few decades, the overuse of synthetic chemicals has caused severe damage to the environment and ecosystem. One class of natural materials developed to substitute artificial chemicals in the pharmaceutical industries is the natural polymers, including cellulose and its derivatives. The development of nanocelluloses as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems has reached an advanced stage. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF), nanocrystal cellulose (NCC), and bacterial nanocellulose (BC) are the most common nanocellulose used as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems. Modification and functionalization using various processes and chemicals have been carried out to increase the adsorption and drug delivery performance of nanocellulose. Nanocellulose may be attached to the drug by physical interaction or chemical functionalization for covalent drug binding. Current development of nanocarrier formulations such as surfactant nanocellulose, ultra-lightweight porous materials, hydrogel, polyelectrolytes, and inorganic hybridizations has advanced to enable the construction of stimuli-responsive and specific recognition characteristics. Thus, an opportunity has emerged to develop a new generation of nanocellulose-based carriers that can modulate the drug conveyance for diverse drug characteristics. This review provides insights into selecting appropriate nanocellulose-based hybrid materials and the available modification routes to achieve satisfactory carrier performance and briefly discusses the essential criteria to achieve high-quality nanocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Bervia Lunardi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
| | - Felycia Edi Soetaredjo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd, Da’an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Jindrayani Nyoo Putro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
| | - Shella Permatasari Santoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd, Da’an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Maria Yuliana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jaka Sunarso
- Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Kuching 93350, Sarawak, Malaysia;
| | - Yi-Hsu Ju
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd, Da’an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan;
- Taiwan Building Technology Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd, Da’an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Suryadi Ismadji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
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Meamar R, Chegini S, Varshosaz J, Aminorroaya A, Amini M, Siavosh M. Alleviating neuropathy of diabetic foot ulcer by co-delivery of venlafaxine and matrix metalloproteinase drug-loaded cellulose nanofiber sheets: production, in vitro characterization and clinical trial. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:806-819. [PMID: 33826133 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was co-delivery of venlafaxin (VEN) and doxycycline (DOX), a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor drug, for alleviating inflammation and neuropathy in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). METHODS Bacterial cellulose nanofiber sheets (BCNS) were loaded with DOX and VEN and categorized by their loading efficiency, release profiles and ex vivo permeation throughrat skin. The optimized nanofibers were used in patients with DFU to compare with the standard wound care regimen during a 12-week trial. Wound area was measured every 2 weeks. Biochemical parameters and microscopic studies of the skin were examined prior and at the end of the treatment. The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) questionnaire was utilized to assess diabetic neuropathy. RESULTS The optimum formulation showed loading efficiency of 37.8 ± 1.6% for DOX and 48 ± 1.9% for VEN. Rat skin permeation was 40% for DOX after 7-29 h and 83% for VEN during 105 h. Patients treated with BCNS showed no significant difference in their biochemical parameters before and after intervention. The ulcer size showed faster reduction after 12 weeks in the treatment group compared to the control group. The abnormal responses in the MNSI questionnaire decreased and pain-free walking distance increased significantly in the treatment group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Microscopic studies of the skin after using nanofibers showed a large number of polymorphonuclear chronic inflammatory cells and formation of new capillary beds. CONCLUSIONS The BCNS loaded with DOX and VEN may expedite healing and reduce neuropathy in the DFU of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sana Chegini
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Masoud Amini
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Felgueiras C, Azoia NG, Gonçalves C, Gama M, Dourado F. Trends on the Cellulose-Based Textiles: Raw Materials and Technologies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:608826. [PMID: 33869148 PMCID: PMC8044815 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.608826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an emerging environmental awareness and social concern regarding the environmental impact of the textile industry, highlighting the growing need for developing green and sustainable approaches throughout this industry's supply chain. Upstream, due to population growth and the rise in consumption of textile fibers, new sustainable raw materials and processes must be found. Cellulose presents unique structural features, being the most important and available renewable resource for textiles. The physical and chemical modification reactions yielding fibers are of high commercial importance today. Recently developed technologies allow the production of filaments with the strongest tensile performance without dissolution or any other harmful and complex chemical processes. Fibers without solvents are thus on the verge of commercialization. In this review, the technologies for the production of cellulose-based textiles, their surface modification and the recent trends on sustainable cellulose sources, such as bacterial nanocellulose, are discussed. The life cycle assessment of several cellulose fiber production methods is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuno G Azoia
- CeNTI-Centre for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Cidália Gonçalves
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Miguel Gama
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernando Dourado
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Liu S, Qamar SA, Qamar M, Basharat K, Bilal M. Engineered nanocellulose-based hydrogels for smart drug delivery applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:275-290. [PMID: 33781811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is a promising "green" nanomaterial that has recently gained scientific interest because of its excellent characteristics, such as less risks of toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, recyclability, and tunable surface features. Initially, three nanocellulose types (i.e., bacterial nanocellulose, nanocrystals, and nanofibers) and their potential biotechnological production routes have been discussed in detail. Contemporary studies are discussed in the development of nanocellulose aerogels, responsive hydrogels, injectable hydrogels/implants, and magnetic nanocellulose. Moreover, the development of hydrogels and potential crosslinking agents for the induction of desired properties has been described. Studies have revealed that the release kinetics of nanocellulosic gels/hydrogels varies from few minutes to several days depending on the given physicochemical conditions. However, such systems provide sustained drug release properties, so they are considered "smart" systems. Recent studies on controlled drug delivery systems have demonstrated their considerable potential for the next-generation transport of therapeutic drugs to target sites via various administration routes. This review presents the selection of appropriate sources and processing methodologies for the development of target nanocellulose types. It explains the potential challenges and opportunities and recommends future research directions about the smart delivery of therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Sarmad Ahmad Qamar
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Mahpara Qamar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanta Basharat
- Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
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Pillai MM, Tran HN, Sathishkumar G, Manimekalai K, Yoon J, Lim D, Noh I, Bhattacharyya A. Symbiotic culture of nanocellulose pellicle: A potential matrix for 3D bioprinting. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 119:111552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Ding R, Hu S, Xu M, Hu Q, Jiang S, Xu K, Tremblay PL, Zhang T. The facile and controllable synthesis of a bacterial cellulose/polyhydroxybutyrate composite by co-culturing Gluconacetobacter xylinus and Ralstonia eutropha. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bacterial Nanocellulose in Dentistry: Perspectives and Challenges. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010049. [PMID: 33374301 PMCID: PMC7796422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer that has fascinating attributes, such as biocompatibility, low cost, and ease of processing, being considered a very interesting biomaterial due to its options for moldability and combination. Thus, BC-based compounds (for example, BC/collagen, BC/gelatin, BC/fibroin, BC/chitosan, etc.) have improved properties and/or functionality, allowing for various biomedical applications, such as artificial blood vessels and microvessels, artificial skin, and wounds dressing among others. Despite the wide applicability in biomedicine and tissue engineering, there is a lack of updated scientific reports on applications related to dentistry, since BC has great potential for this. It has been used mainly in the regeneration of periodontal tissue, surgical dressings, intraoral wounds, and also in the regeneration of pulp tissue. This review describes the properties and advantages of some BC studies focused on dental and oral applications, including the design of implants, scaffolds, and wound-dressing materials, as well as carriers for drug delivery in dentistry. Aligned to the current trends and biotechnology evolutions, BC-based nanocomposites offer a great field to be explored and other novel features can be expected in relation to oral and bone tissue repair in the near future.
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Modified Bacterial Cellulose Dressings to Treat Inflammatory Wounds. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122508. [PMID: 33327519 PMCID: PMC7764978 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural products suited for prophylaxis and therapy of inflammatory diseases have gained increasing importance. These compounds could be beneficially integrated into bacterial cellulose (BC), which is a natural hydropolymer applicable as a wound dressing and drug delivery system alike. This study presents experimental outcomes for a natural anti-inflammatory product concept of boswellic acids from frankincense formulated in BC. Using esterification respectively (resp.) oxidation and subsequent coupling with phenylalanine and tryptophan, post-modification of BC was tested to facilitate lipophilic active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) incorporation. Diclofenac sodium and indomethacin were used as anti-inflammatory model drugs before the findings were transferred to boswellic acids. By acetylation of BC fibers, the loading efficiency for the more lipophilic API indomethacin and the release was increased by up to 65.6% and 25%, respectively, while no significant differences in loading could be found for the API diclofenac sodium. Post-modifications could be made while preserving biocompatibility, essential wound dressing properties and anti-inflammatory efficacy. Eventually, in vitro wound closure experiments and evaluations of the effect of secondary dressings completed the study.
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Versatile Types of Polysaccharide-Based Drug Delivery Systems: From Strategic Design to Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239159. [PMID: 33271967 PMCID: PMC7729619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is still the most direct and effective means of cancer therapy nowadays. The proposal of drug delivery systems (DDSs) has effectively improved many shortcomings of traditional chemotherapy drugs. The technical support of DDSs lies in their excellent material properties. Polysaccharides include a series of natural polymers, such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and alginic acid. These polysaccharides have good biocompatibility and degradability, and they are easily chemical modified. Therefore, polysaccharides are ideal candidate materials to construct DDSs, and their clinical application prospects have been favored by researchers. On the basis of versatile types of polysaccharides, this review elaborates their applications from strategic design to cancer therapy. The construction and modification methods of polysaccharide-based DDSs are specifically explained, and the latest research progress of polysaccharide-based DDSs in cancer therapy are also summarized. The purpose of this review is to provide a reference for the design and preparation of polysaccharide-based DDSs with excellent performance.
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Alkhatib Y, Blume G, Thamm J, Steiniger F, Kralisch D, Fischer D. Overcoming the hydrophilicity of bacterial nanocellulose: Incorporation of the lipophilic coenzyme Q10 using lipid nanocarriers for dermal applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 158:106-112. [PMID: 33189815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although used in a wide range of medical and pharmaceutical applications, the potential of the natural biopolymer bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) as drug delivery system is by far not fully exploited. Particularly, the incorporation of lipophilic drugs is still considered as an unsolved task. In the present study, the homogeneous incorporation of the lipophilic coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) into BNC was accomplished by several post-synthesis techniques utilizing different nanoemulsions and liposomes. All colloidal carriers were in the range of about 90-120 nm with negative zeta potentials and storage stabilities up to 30 days. The biphasic drug release profiles of loaded BNC were found to be dependent on the type of colloidal carrier and the loading technique. Favorable characteristics such as high mechanical stability and high loading capacity were retained after the incorporation of the lipophilic components. Penetration studies using excised porcine skin revealed CoQ10 distributions also in deeper skin layers dependent on the type of the colloidal carrier system. In conclusion, hydrophilic BNC could be loaded with water-insoluble drugs as shown for the model drug CoQ10 by the use of lipidic colloidal carriers which offers new possibilities of application in pharmacy and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Alkhatib
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Blume
- Sopharcos Dr. Gabriele Blume, Im Schloss 7, 36396 Steinau an der Strasse, Germany.
| | - Jana Thamm
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Frank Steiniger
- Electron Microscopy Center, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Dana Kralisch
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Fischer
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Biotech nanocellulose: A review on progress in product design and today's state of technical and medical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117313. [PMID: 33357876 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biotech nanocellulose (bacterial nanocellulose, BNC) is a high potential natural polymer. Moreover, it is the only cellulose type that can be produced biotechnologically using microorganisms resulting in hydrogels with high purity, high mechanical strength and an interconnecting micropore system. Recently, the subject of intensive research is to influence this biosynthesis to create function-determining properties. This review reports on the progress in product design and today's state of technical and medical applications. A novel, dynamic, template-based technology, called Mobile Matrix Reservoir Technology (MMR Tech), is highlighted. Thereby, shape, dimensions, surface properties, and nanonetwork structures can be designed in a process-controlled manner. The formed multilayer materials open up new applications in medicine and technology. Especially medical materials for cardiovascular and visceral surgery, and drug delivery systems are developed. The effective production of layer-structured composites and coatings are important for potential applications in the electronics, paper, food and packaging technologies.
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Ex-situ modification of bacterial cellulose for immediate and sustained drug release with insights into release mechanism. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 249:116816. [PMID: 32933664 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The release of drug from bacterial cellulose (BC) is tuned to achieve immediate and controlled delivery by using two drying strategies: freeze-drying and oven-drying. Diclofenac sodium (DCF), a hydrophilic drug, was used as the model drug and was loaded in oven-dried BC (BC-OD-DCF) and freeze-dried BC (BC-FD-DCF) to obtain sustained release and burst release, respectively. BC dried by the two methods were characterized and found to possess different structures and morphologies. The crystallinity was found to be higher for BC-OD (86 % for BC-OD and 79 % for BC-FD) while BC-FD offered higher porosity (92 % for BC-FD and 75 % for BC-OD), higher specific surface area (85 m2/g for BC-FD and 35 m2/g for BC-OD) and pore size, which altogether affects the matrix swellability, drug loading and release behaviour. The mathematical modelling of drug release kinetics supports diffusion-driven first-order release from BC-FD-DCF whereas release from BC-OD-DCF shows a super case II transport, where the buffer front travels slowly into the denser oven-dried matrix leading to a controlled release of the drug. The correlation between swelling and cumulative drug release is also discussed.
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Karl B, Alkhatib Y, Beekmann U, Bellmann T, Blume G, Steiniger F, Thamm J, Werz O, Kralisch D, Fischer D. Development and characterization of bacterial nanocellulose loaded with Boswellia serrata extract containing nanoemulsions as natural dressing for skin diseases. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119635. [PMID: 32693288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The combination of the anti-inflammatory lipophilic Boswellia serrata extract with the natural hydropolymer bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) for the treatment of skin diseases is counteracted by their different hydro/lipophilicity. To overcome the hydrophilicity of the BNC, the water in its network was exchanged by single and double nanoemulsions. Incorporation of the Boswellia serrata extract in the nanoemulsions formed particles of about 115 to 150 nm with negative zeta potential and storage stability over 30 days at temperatures between 4 and 32 °C. Their loading into the BNC did not change the preferential characteristics of the nanocellulose like water absorption and retention, softness, and pressure stability in a relevant way. Loaded BNC could be sterilized by an electron-beam procedure. A biphasic drug release profile of lead compounds was observed by Franz cell diffusion test. The biocompatibility of the loaded BNC was confirmed ex ovo by a shell-less hen's egg test. Tape stripping experiments using porcine skin determined a dependency of the drug penetration into skin on the type of nanoemulsion, single vs. repeated applications and the incubation time. In conclusion, the hydrophilicity of BNC could be overcome using nanoemulsions which offers the possibility for the anti-inflammatory skin treatment with Boswellia serrata extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Karl
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Yaser Alkhatib
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Uwe Beekmann
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Tom Bellmann
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Blume
- Sopharcos Dr. Gabriele Blume, Im Schloss 7, Steinau an der Straße, Germany.
| | - Frank Steiniger
- Electron Microscopy Center, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ziegelmuehlenweg 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Jana Thamm
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Oliver Werz
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Dana Kralisch
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Fischer
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Lin D, Liu Z, Shen R, Chen S, Yang X. Bacterial cellulose in food industry: Current research and future prospects. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:1007-1019. [PMID: 32387361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose, a pure exocellular polysaccharide produced by microorganisms, has many excellent properties as compared with plant-derived cellulose, including high water holding capability, high surface area, rheological properties, biocompatibility. Due to its suspending, thickening, water holding, stabilizing, bulking and fluid properties, BC has been demonstrated as a promising low calorie bulking ingredient for the development of novel rich functional foods of different forms such as powder gelatinous or shred foams, which facilitate its application in food industry. In this review, the recent reports on the biosynthesis, structure and general application of bacterial cellulose in food industry have been summarized and discussed. The main application of bacterial cellulose in current food industry includes raw food materials, additive ingredients, packing materials, delivery system, enzyme and cell immobilizers. In addition, we also propose the potential challenges and explore the solution of expanding the application of BC in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Lin
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Zhe Liu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Rui Shen
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Siqian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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36
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Beekmann U, Schmölz L, Lorkowski S, Werz O, Thamm J, Fischer D, Kralisch D. Process control and scale-up of modified bacterial cellulose production for tailor-made anti-inflammatory drug delivery systems. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 236:116062. [PMID: 32172877 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) has proven its high potential as active wound dressing and drug delivery system in many scientific studies, but the transferability of the methods to efficient manufacturing still needs to be demonstrated. This study presents a technically feasible, straightforward and efficient approach to modify BC according to specific medical requirements, to scale-up the cultivation and to load the active pharmaceutical ingredient of interest. By means of in situ-modification of the network structure using water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol) 400 and 4000 on pilot-scale, up to 41.5 ± 3.0 % higher transparency of the dressing, 40.6 ± 3.8 % increased loading capacity and 9% increased total release of the anti-inflammatory model drug diclofenac sodium could be obtained. Spray loading was investigated as material efficient alternative to absorption loading allowing a significant reduction in loading time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Beekmann
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Lessingstraße 8, Jena, 07743, Germany; JeNaCell GmbH, Göschwitzer Str. 22, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Lisa Schmölz
- Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Straße 25, 07743, Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Straße 25, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Straße 25, 07743, Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Straße 25, 07743, Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Oliver Werz
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Jana Thamm
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Lessingstraße 8, Jena, 07743, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Fischer
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Lessingstraße 8, Jena, 07743, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Dana Kralisch
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Lessingstraße 8, Jena, 07743, Germany; JeNaCell GmbH, Göschwitzer Str. 22, 07745, Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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37
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Raghavendran V, Asare E, Roy I. Bacterial cellulose: Biosynthesis, production, and applications. Adv Microb Physiol 2020; 77:89-138. [PMID: 34756212 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer produced by the acetic acid producing bacterium and has gathered much interest over the last decade for its biomedical and biotechnological applications. Unlike the plant derived cellulose nanofibres, which require pretreatment to deconstruct the recalcitrant lignocellulosic network, BC are 100% pure, and are extruded by cells as nanofibrils. Moreover, these nanofibrils can be converted to macrofibers that possess excellent material properties, surpassing even the strength of steel, and can be used as substitutes for fossil fuel derived synthetic fibers. The focus of the review is to present the fundamental long-term research on the influence of environmental factors on the organism's BC production capabilities, the production methods that are available for scaling up/scaled-up processes, and its use as a bulk commodity or for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayendran Raghavendran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Asare
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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Soares da Silva FAG, Fernandes M, Souto AP, Ferreira EC, Dourado F, Gama M. Optimization of bacterial nanocellulose fermentation using recycled paper sludge and development of novel composites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9143-9154. [PMID: 31650194 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, recycled paper sludge (RPS), composed of non-recyclable fibres, was used as a carbon source for bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) production. The biomass was enzymatically hydrolysed with Cellic CTec 2 to produce a sugar syrup with 45.40 g/L glucose, 1.69 g/L cellobiose and 2.89 g/L xylose. This hydrolysate was used for the optimization of BNC fermentation by static culture, using Komagataeibacter xylinus ATCC 700178, through response surface methodology (RSM). After analysis and validation of the model, a maximum BNC yield (5.69 g/L, dry basis) was obtained using 1.50% m/v RPS hydrolysate, 1.0% v/v ethanol and 1.45% m/v yeast extract/peptone (YE/P). Further, the BNC obtained was used to produce composites. A mixture of an amino-PolyDiMethylSiloxane-based softener, polyethyleneglycol (PEG) 400 and acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO), was incorporated into the BNC membranes through an exhaustion process. The results show that BNC composites with distinct performances can be easily designed by simply varying the polymers percentage contents. This strategy represents a simple approach towards the production of BNC and BNC-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Fernandes
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António Pedro Souto
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Eugénio C Ferreira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernando Dourado
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Gama
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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Bertsch P, Schneider L, Bovone G, Tibbitt MW, Fischer P, Gstöhl S. Injectable Biocompatible Hydrogels from Cellulose Nanocrystals for Locally Targeted Sustained Drug Release. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:38578-38585. [PMID: 31573787 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels from biocompatible materials are in demand for tissue engineering and drug delivery systems. Here, we produce hydrogels from mere cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by salt-induced charge screening. The injectability of CNC hydrogels was assessed by a combination of shear and capillary rheology, revealing that CNC hydrogels are conveyed via plug flow in capillaries allowing injection with minimal impact on mechanical properties. The potential of CNC hydrogels as drug carriers was elaborated by the in vitro release of the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA), poorly water soluble tetracycline (TC), and readily soluble doxorubicin (DOX) into physiological saline and simulated gastric juice. For TC, a burst release was observed within 2 days, whereas BSA and DOX both showed a sustained release for 2 weeks. Only DOX was released fully from the hydrogels. The different release patterns were attributed to drug size, solubility, and specific drug-CNC interactions. The biocompatibility of CNC hydrogels and maintained bioactivity of released DOX were confirmed in a HeLa cell assay. The drug release was modulated by the incorporation of sucrose or xanthan gum in CNC hydrogels, whereas altering CNC concentration showed minor effects. The release into simulated gastric juice at pH 2 ceased for BSA due to charge inversion and electrostatic complexation, but not for smaller TC. Thus, CNC hydrogels may act as pH-responsive delivery systems that preserve drugs under gastric conditions followed by pH-triggered release in the duodenum.
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40
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Portela R, Leal CR, Almeida PL, Sobral RG. Bacterial cellulose: a versatile biopolymer for wound dressing applications. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:586-610. [PMID: 30838788 PMCID: PMC6559198 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several therapeutic approaches are available for wound and burn treatment and much progress has been made in this area, room for improvement still exists, driven by the urgent need of better strategies to accelerate wound healing and recovery, mostly for cases of severe burned patients. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer produced by bacteria with several advantages over vegetal cellulose, such as purity, high porosity, permeability to liquid and gases, elevated water uptake capacity and mechanical robustness. Besides its biocompatibility, BC can be modified in order to acquire antibacterial response and possible local drug delivery features. Due to its intrinsic versatility, BC is the perfect example of a biotechnological response to a clinical problem. In this review, we assess the BC main features and emphasis is given to a specific biomedical application: wound dressings. The production process and the physical-chemical properties that entitle this material to be used as wound dressing namely for burn healing are highlighted. An overview of the most common BC composites and their enhanced properties, in particular physical and biological, is provided, including the different production processes. A particular focus is given to the biochemistry and genetic manipulation of BC. A summary of the current marketed BC-based wound dressing products is presented, and finally, future perspectives for the usage of BC as wound dressing are foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Portela
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology of Bacterial PathogensUCIBIO@REQUIMTEDepartamento de Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa2829‐516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Catarina R. Leal
- Área Departamental de FísicaISEL ‐ Instituto Superior de Engenharia de LisboaInstituto Politécnico de LisboaRua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1P‐1959‐007LisboaPortugal
- CENIMAT/I3NDepartamento de Ciência dos MateriaisFaculdade Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa2829‐516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Pedro L. Almeida
- Área Departamental de FísicaISEL ‐ Instituto Superior de Engenharia de LisboaInstituto Politécnico de LisboaRua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1P‐1959‐007LisboaPortugal
- CENIMAT/I3NDepartamento de Ciência dos MateriaisFaculdade Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa2829‐516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Rita G. Sobral
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology of Bacterial PathogensUCIBIO@REQUIMTEDepartamento de Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa2829‐516CaparicaPortugal
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Croitoru-Sadger T, Yogev S, Shabtay-Orbach A, Mizrahi B. Two-component cross-linkable gels for fabrication of solid oral dosage forms. J Control Release 2019; 303:274-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Torres F, Arroyo J, Troncoso O. Bacterial cellulose nanocomposites: An all-nano type of material. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:1277-1293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Engineering nanocellulose hydrogels for biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 267:47-61. [PMID: 30884359 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose hydrogels are highly hydrated porous cellulosic soft materials with good mechanical properties. These cellulose-based gels can be produced from bacterial or plant cellulose nanofibrils, which are hydrophilic, renewable, biodegradable and biocompatible. Nanocellulose, whether fibrils (CNF), crystals (CNC) or bacterial (BNC), has a high aspect ratio and surface area, and can be chemically modified with functional groups or by grafting biomolecules. Cellulose functionalization provides enhanced physical and chemical properties and control of biological interactions, tailoring its hydrogels for specific applications. Here, we critically review nanocellulose hydrogels for biomedical applications. Nanocellulose hydrogels have been demonstrated for 3D cell culture, mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) properties with low cytotoxicity. For wound dressing and cartilage repair, nanocellulose gels promote cell regeneration while providing the required mechanical properties for tissue engineering scaffolds. The encapsulation of therapeutics within nanocellulose allows the targeted delivery of drugs. Currently, cellulose crosslinking to peptides and proteins enables a new generation of low cost and renewable smart materials used in diagnostics. Last, the organized mesh of fibres contained in hydrogels drives applications in separation of biomolecules and cells. Nanocellulose hydrogels have emerged as a highly engineerable platform for multiple biomedical applications, providing renewable and performant solutions to life sciences.
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Liu K, Catchmark JM. Enhanced mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose nanocomposites produced by co-culturing Gluconacetobacter hansenii and Escherichia coli under static conditions. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 219:12-20. [PMID: 31151508 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Including additives in the culture media during bacterial cellulose (BC) biosynthesis is a traditional method to produce BC-based nanocomposites. This study examines a novel fermentation process, which is to co-culture Gluconacetobacter hansenii (G. hansenii) with Escherichia coli (E. coli) under static conditions, to produce BC pellicles with enhanced mechanical properties. The mannose-rich exopolysaccharides (EPS) synthesized by E. coli were incorporated into the BC network and affected the aggregation of co-crystallized microfibrils without significantly changing the crystal sizes of BC. When co-culturing G. hansenii ATCC 23769 with E. coli ATCC 700728, which produced a low concentration of EPS at 3.3 ± 0.7 mg/L, the BC pellicles exhibited a Young's modulus of 4,874 ± 1144 MPa and a stress at break of 80.7 ± 21.1 MPa, which are 81.9% and 79.3% higher than those of pure BC, respectively. The growth dynamics of the two co-cultured strains suggested that the production of BC and EPS were enhanced through co-culturing fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Catchmark
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Pötzinger Y, Rahnfeld L, Kralisch D, Fischer D. Immobilization of plasmids in bacterial nanocellulose as gene activated matrix. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 209:62-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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46
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Nanocellulose for gel electrophoresis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 540:148-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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47
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Autier L, Clavreul A, Cacicedo ML, Franconi F, Sindji L, Rousseau A, Perrot R, Montero-Menei CN, Castro GR, Menei P. A new glioblastoma cell trap for implantation after surgical resection. Acta Biomater 2019; 84:268-279. [PMID: 30465922 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is a highly infiltrative tumor, recurring, in 90% of cases, within a few centimeters of the surgical resection cavity, even with adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy. Residual GB cells left in the margins or infiltrating the brain parenchyma shelter behind the extremely fragile and sensitive brain tissue and may favor recurrence. Tools for eliminating these cells without damaging the brain microenvironment are urgently required. We propose a strategy involving the implantation, into the tumor bed after resection, of a scaffold to concentrate and trap these cells, to facilitate their destruction by targeted therapies, such as stereotactic radiosurgery. We used bacterial cellulose (BC), an easily synthesized and modifiable random nanofibrous biomaterial, to make the trap. We showed that the structure of BC membranes was ideal for trapping tumor cells and that BC implants were biocompatible with brain parenchyma. We also demonstrated the visibility of BC on magnetic resonance imaging, making it possible to follow its fate in clinical situations and to define the target volume for stereotactic radiosurgery more precisely. Furthermore, BC membranes can be loaded with chemoattractants, which were released and attracted tumor cells in vitro. This is of particular interest for trapping GB cells infiltrating tissues within a few centimeters of the resection cavity. Our data suggest that BC membranes could be a scaffold of choice for implantation after surgical resection to trap residual GB cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Glioblastoma is a highly infiltrative tumor, recurring, in 90% of cases, within a few centimeters of the surgical resection cavity, even with adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy. Residual tumor cells left in the margins or infiltrating the brain parenchyma shelter behind the extremely fragile and sensitive brain tissue and contribute to the risk of recurrence. Finding tools to eliminate these cells without damaging the brain microenvironment is a real challenge. We propose a strategy involving the implantation, into the walls of the surgical resection cavity, of a scaffold to concentrate and trap the residual tumor cells, to facilitate their destruction by targeted therapies, such as stereotactic radiosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Autier
- Département de Neurochirurgie, CHU, Angers, France; CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Département de Neurologie, CHU, Angers, France
| | - Anne Clavreul
- Département de Neurochirurgie, CHU, Angers, France; CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.
| | - Maximiliano L Cacicedo
- Nanobiomaterials Lab, CINDEFI, School of Sciences, National University of La Plata-CONICET (CCT La Plata), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florence Franconi
- PRISM, Plate-forme de recherche en imagerie et spectroscopie multi-modales, PRISM-Icat, UNIV Angers, Angers, France; MINT, Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles, UNIV Angers, INSERM U1066, CNRS UMR 6021, Angers, France
| | - Laurence Sindji
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Audrey Rousseau
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Laboratoire Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, CHU, Angers, France
| | - Rodolphe Perrot
- SCIAM, Service Commun d'Imageries et d'Analyses Microscopiques, UNIV Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Guillermo R Castro
- Nanobiomaterials Lab, CINDEFI, School of Sciences, National University of La Plata-CONICET (CCT La Plata), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Philippe Menei
- Département de Neurochirurgie, CHU, Angers, France; CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
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Anton-Sales I, Beekmann U, Laromaine A, Roig A, Kralisch D. Opportunities of Bacterial Cellulose to Treat Epithelial Tissues. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:808-822. [PMID: 30488795 PMCID: PMC7046991 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666181129092144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this mini-review, we highlight the potential of the biopolymer bacterial cellulose to treat damaged epithelial tissues. Epithelial tissues are cell sheets that delimitate both the external body surfaces and the internal cavities and organs. Epithelia serve as physical protection to underlying organs, regulate the diffusion of molecules and ions, secrete substances and filtrate body fluids, among other vital functions. Because of their continuous exposure to environmental stressors, damage to epithelial tissues is highly prevalent. Here, we first compare the properties of bacterial cellulose to the current gold standard, collagen, and then we examine the use of bacterial cellulose patches to heal specific epithelial tissues; the outer skin, the ocular surface, the oral mucosa and other epithelial surfaces. Special emphasis is made on the dermis since, to date, this is the most widespread medical use of bacterial cellulose. It is important to note that some epithelial tissues represent only the outermost layer of more complex structures such as the skin or the cornea. In these situations, depending on the penetration of the lesion, bacterial cellulose might also be involved in the regeneration of, for instance, inner connective tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Laromaine
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain; Tel: +34935801853; E-mails: ;
| | - Anna Roig
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain; Tel: +34935801853; E-mails: ;
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Nanocellulose Composite Biomaterials in Industry and Medicine. BIOLOGICALLY-INSPIRED SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12919-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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50
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Weyell P, Beekmann U, Küpper C, Dederichs M, Thamm J, Fischer D, Kralisch D. Tailor-made material characteristics of bacterial cellulose for drug delivery applications in dentistry. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 207:1-10. [PMID: 30599988 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) has shown high potential as innovative wound dressing and drug delivery system. Bringing both together, drug-loaded BC was investigated for applications in dental therapies such as dental extraction or mucosal transplantation. Both applications would benefit from a material which degrades under physiological conditions, and from an antibiotic environment. Consequently, periodate-oxidation of BC was investigated to facilitate modified degradation behaviour. A periodate concentration of 0.14 mol/L at ϑ = 25 °C and t = 8 h resulted in a material loss of <10%, but at the same time a sufficient degree of degradation. Additionally, native and oxidised BC loaded with doxycycline was tested for prophylaxis against infection. An in vitro-toxicity test (MTT assay) provided a first confirmation of biocompatibility, whereas agar diffusion tests proved antibiotic efficiency against pathogenic oral bacteria. Release studies of the drug from native and oxidised BC confirmed a comparative biphasic release behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Weyell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Uwe Beekmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Christine Küpper
- Policlinic of Prosthetic Dentistry and Material Science, Biological Laboratory, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Marco Dederichs
- Policlinic of Prosthetic Dentistry and Material Science, Biological Laboratory, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Jana Thamm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Fischer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Dana Kralisch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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