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Walker BW, Lara RP, Mogadam E, Yu CH, Kimball W, Annabi N. Rational Design of Microfabricated Electroconductive Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Prog Polym Sci 2019; 92:135-157. [PMID: 32831422 PMCID: PMC7441850 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) are highly hydrated 3D networks generated through the incorporation of conductive polymers, nanoparticles, and other conductive materials into polymeric hydrogels. ECHs combine several advantageous properties of inherently conductive materials with the highly tunable physical and biochemical properties of hydrogels. Recently, the development of biocompatible ECHs has been investigated for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, biosensors, flexible electronics, and other implantable medical devices. Several methods for the synthesis of ECHs have been reported, which include the incorporation of electrically conductive materials such as gold and silver nanoparticles, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, as well as various conductive polymers (CPs), such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyythiophene) into hydrogel networks. Theses electroconductive composite hydrogels can be used as scaffolds with high swellability, tunable mechanical properties, and the capability to support cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, recent advancements in microfabrication techniques such as three dimensional (3D) bioprinting, micropatterning, and electrospinning have led to the development of ECHs with biomimetic microarchitectures that reproduce the characteristics of the native extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, smart ECHs with controlled structures and healing properties have also been engineered into devices with prolonged half-lives and increased durability. The combination of sophisticated synthesis chemistries and modern microfabrication techniques have led to engineer smart ECHs with advanced architectures, geometries, and functionalities that are being increasingly used in drug delivery systems, biosensors, tissue engineering, and soft electronics. In this review, we will summarize different strategies to synthesize conductive biomaterials. We will also discuss the advanced microfabrication techniques used to fabricate ECHs with complex 3D architectures, as well as various biomedical applications of microfabricated ECHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Walker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Roberto Portillo Lara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Zapopan, JAL, Mexico
| | - Emad Mogadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntington Hospital, Pasadena, CA, 91105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Chu Hsiang Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - William Kimball
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Verbrugghe P, Verhoeven J, Coudyzer W, Verbeken E, Dubruel P, Mendes E, Stam F, Meuris B, Herijgers P. An electro-responsive hydrogel for intravascular applications: an in vitro and in vivo evaluation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:264. [PMID: 26474577 PMCID: PMC4608972 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using hydrogels for biomedical applications, because of more favourable characteristics. Some of these hydrogels can be activated by using particular stimuli, for example electrical fields. These stimuli can change the hydrogel shape in a predefined way. It could make them capable of adaptation to patient-specific anatomy even post-implantation. This is the first paper aiming to describe in vivo studies of an electro-responsive, Pluronic F127 based hydrogel, for intravascular applications. Pluronic methacrylic acid hydrogel (PF127/MANa) was in vitro tested for its haemolytic and cytotoxic effects. Minimal invasive implantation in the carotid artery of sheep was used to evaluate its medium-term biological effects, through biochemical, macroscopic, radiographic, and microscopic evaluation. Indirect and direct testing of the material gave no indication of the haemolytic effects of the material. Determination of fibroblast viability after 24 h of incubation in an extract of the hydrogel showed no cytotoxic effects. Occlusion was obtained within 1 h following in vivo implantation. Evaluation at time of autopsy showed a persistent occlusion with no systemic effects, no signs of embolization and mild effects on the arterial wall. An important proof-of-concept was obtained showing biocompatibility and effectiveness of a pluronic based electro-responsive hydrogel for obtaining an arterial occlusion with limited biological impact. So the selected pluronic-methacrylic acid based hydrogel can be used as an endovascular occlusion device. More importantly it is the first step in further development of electro-active hydrogels for a broad range of intra-vascular applications (e.g. system to prevent endoleakage in aortic aneurysm treatment, intra-vascular drug delivery).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Verbrugghe
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.
| | - Jelle Verhoeven
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Verbeken
- Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Chemistry Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eduardo Mendes
- Chemical Engineering Department, Delft University, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Stam
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Bart Meuris
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Paul Herijgers
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
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Spizzirri UG, Curcio M, Cirillo G, Spataro T, Vittorio O, Picci N, Hampel S, Iemma F, Nicoletta FP. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Nanocomposite Hydrogels. Pharmaceutics 2015; 7:413-37. [PMID: 26473915 PMCID: PMC4695827 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics7040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels sensitive to electric current are usually made of polyelectrolytes and undergo erosion, swelling, de-swelling or bending in the presence of an applied electric field. The electrical conductivity of many polymeric materials used for the fabrication of biomedical devices is not high enough to achieve an effective modulation of the functional properties, and thus, the incorporation of conducting materials (e.g., carbon nanotubes and nanographene oxide) was proposed as a valuable approach to overcome this limitation. By coupling the biological and chemical features of both natural and synthetic polymers with the favourable properties of carbon nanostructures (e.g., cellular uptake, electromagnetic and magnetic behaviour), it is possible to produce highly versatile and effective nanocomposite materials. In the present review, the recent advances in the synthesis and biomedical applications of electro-responsive nanocomposite hydrogels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Tania Spataro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Nevio Picci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Silke Hampel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, PF 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Francesca Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy.
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Merino S, Martín C, Kostarelos K, Prato M, Vázquez E. Nanocomposite Hydrogels: 3D Polymer-Nanoparticle Synergies for On-Demand Drug Delivery. ACS NANO 2015; 9:4686-97. [PMID: 25938172 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Considerable progress in the synthesis and technology of hydrogels makes these materials attractive structures for designing controlled-release drug delivery systems. In particular, this review highlights the latest advances in nanocomposite hydrogels as drug delivery vehicles. The inclusion/incorporation of nanoparticles in three-dimensional polymeric structures is an innovative means for obtaining multicomponent systems with diverse functionality within a hybrid hydrogel network. Nanoparticle-hydrogel combinations add synergistic benefits to the new 3D structures. Nanogels as carriers for cancer therapy and injectable gels with improved self-healing properties have also been described as new nanocomposite systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Merino
- †Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Martín
- †Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Maurizio Prato
- §Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ester Vázquez
- †Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Curcio M, Spizzirri UG, Cirillo G, Vittorio O, Picci N, Nicoletta FP, Iemma F, Hampel S. On demand delivery of ionic drugs from electro-responsive CNT hybrid films. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05484b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Electro responsive hybrid hydrogel films able to precisely modulate the release of drugs as a function of their net charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - U. G. Spizzirri
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - G. Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - O. Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - N. Picci
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - F. P. Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - F. Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - S. Hampel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research
- Dresden
- Germany
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