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Olędzka AJ, Czerwińska ME. Role of Plant-Derived Compounds in the Molecular Pathways Related to Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054666. [PMID: 36902097 PMCID: PMC10003729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the primary response to infection and injury. Its beneficial effect is an immediate resolution of the pathophysiological event. However, sustained production of inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species and cytokines may cause alterations in DNA integrity and lead to malignant cell transformation and cancer. More attention has recently been paid to pyroptosis, which is an inflammatory necrosis that activates inflammasomes and the secretion of cytokines. Taking into consideration that phenolic compounds are widely available in diet and medicinal plants, their role in the prevention and support of the treatment of chronic diseases is apparent. Recently, much attention has been paid to explaining the significance of isolated compounds in the molecular pathways related to inflammation. Therefore, this review aimed to screen reports concerning the molecular mode of action assigned to phenolic compounds. The most representative compounds from the classes of flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, and phenolic glycosides were selected for this review. Our attention was focused mainly on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Literature searching was performed using Scopus, PubMed, and Medline databases. In conclusion, based on the available literature, phenolic compounds regulate NF-κB, Nrf2, and MAPK signaling, which supports their potential role in chronic inflammatory disorders, including osteoarthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular, and pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata J. Olędzka
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika E. Czerwińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-116-61-85
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Mala John GS, Takeuchi S, Venkatraman G, Rayala SK. Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid in Therapeutics: Beneficial to Toxicity Profiles and the Search for its Analogs. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 20:86-103. [PMID: 31642411 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666191022141547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a plant lignan obtained from creosote bush, Larrea tridentata and is known to possess antioxidant, anticancer activities and is used in traditional medicine in North America and Mexico. However, its prolonged consumption leads to liver damage and kidney dysfunction. Despite its toxicity and side effects, there is little awareness to forbid its consumption and its use in the treatment of medical ailments has continued over the years. Several reports discuss its therapeutic efficiency and its medical applications have tremendously been on the rise to date. There has been a recent surge of interest in the chemical synthesis of NDGA derivatives for therapeutic applications. NDGA derivatives have been developed as better alternatives to NDGA. Although several NDGA derivatives have been chemically synthesized as evidenced by recent literature, there is a paucity of information on their therapeutic efficacies. This review is to highlight the medicinal applications of NDGA, its toxicity evaluations and discuss the chemical derivatives of NDGA synthesized and studied so far and suggest to continue research interests in the development of NDGA analogs for therapeutic applications. We suggest that NDGA derivatives should be investigated more in terms of chemical synthesis with preferred conformational structures and exploit their biological potentials with future insights to explore in this direction to design and develop structurally modified NDGA derivatives for potential pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoru Takeuchi
- Factory of Takeuchi Nenshi, TAKENEN, 85NE Takamatsu, Kahoku Ishikawa 929-1215, Japan
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Sri Ramachandra Center for Biomedical Nanotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai-600116, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Rayala
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras, Chennai-600036, India
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3
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Han L, Bittner S, Dong D, Cortez Y, Dulay H, Arshad S, Shen WJ, Kraemer FB, Azhar S. Creosote bush-derived NDGA attenuates molecular and pathological changes in a novel mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110538. [PMID: 31415794 PMCID: PMC7273809 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)-derived nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) was shown to have profound effects on the core components of metabolic syndrome. This study investigated the in vivo potential of NDGA for prevention or attenuation of the pathophysiologic abnormalities of NASH. A novel dietary NASH model with feeding C57BL/6J mice with a high trans-fat, high cholesterol and high fructose (HTF) diet, was used. The HTF diet fed mice exhibited obesity, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, inflammation, ER stress, oxidative stress, and liver injury. NDGA attenuated these metabolic abnormalities as well as hepatic steatosis and fibrosis together with attenuated expression of genes encoding fibrosis, progenitor and macrophage markers with no effect on the levels of mRNAs for lipogenic enzymes. NDGA increased expression of fatty acid oxidation genes. In conclusion, NDGA exerts anti-NASH/anti-fibrotic actions and raises the therapeutic potential of NDGA for treatment of NASH patients with fibrosis and other associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stefanie Bittner
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA, USA
| | - Dachuan Dong
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Cortez
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA, USA
| | - Hunter Dulay
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA, USA
| | - Sara Arshad
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, USA
| | - Salman Azhar
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, USA.
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4
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Chan JKW, Bittner S, Bittner A, Atwal S, Shen WJ, Inayathullah M, Rajada J, Nicolls MR, Kraemer FB, Azhar S. Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid, a Lignan from Larrea tridentata (Creosote Bush), Protects Against American Lifestyle-Induced Obesity Syndrome Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:281-290. [PMID: 29472517 PMCID: PMC5878670 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.243733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effects of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) on metabolic and molecular changes in response to feeding a typical American fast food or Western diet, mice were fed an American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome (ALIOS) diet and subjected to metabolic analysis. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to the ALIOS diet, the ALIOS diet supplemented with NDGA (NDGA+ALIOS), or a control diet and were maintained on the specific diet for 8 weeks. Mice fed the ALIOS diet showed increased body, liver, and epididymal fat pad weight as well as increased plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (a measure of liver injury) and liver triglyceride content. Coadministration of NDGA normalized body and epididymal fat pad weight, ALT and AST levels, and liver triglycerides. NDGA treatment also improved insulin sensitivity but not glucose intolerance in mice fed the ALIOS diet. In mice fed the NDGA+ALIOS diet, NDGA supplementation induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα; the master regulator of fatty acid oxidation) and mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferases Cpt1c and Cpt2, key genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, compared with the ALIOS diet. NDGA significantly reduced liver endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response C/EBP homologous protein, compared with chow or the ALIOS diet, and also ameliorated ALIOS diet-induced elevation of apoptosis signaling protein, caspase 3. Likewise, NDGA downregulated the ALIOS diet-induced mRNA levels of Pparg, fatty acid synthase Fasn, and diacylglycerol acyltransferase Dgat2 NDGA treatment of ALIOS-fed mice upregulated the hepatic expression of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase 4, and peroxiredoxin 3 proteins. In conclusion, we provide evidence that NDGA improves metabolic dysregulation by simultaneously modulating the PPARα transcription factor and key genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, key antioxidant and lipogenic enzymes, and apoptosis and ER stress signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie K W Chan
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.); and Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.), BioADD Laboratory, and Divisions of Cardiovascular Pharmacology CVI (M.I., J.R.) and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Stefanie Bittner
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.); and Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.), BioADD Laboratory, and Divisions of Cardiovascular Pharmacology CVI (M.I., J.R.) and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Alex Bittner
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.); and Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.), BioADD Laboratory, and Divisions of Cardiovascular Pharmacology CVI (M.I., J.R.) and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Suman Atwal
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.); and Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.), BioADD Laboratory, and Divisions of Cardiovascular Pharmacology CVI (M.I., J.R.) and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.); and Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.), BioADD Laboratory, and Divisions of Cardiovascular Pharmacology CVI (M.I., J.R.) and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Mohammed Inayathullah
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.); and Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.), BioADD Laboratory, and Divisions of Cardiovascular Pharmacology CVI (M.I., J.R.) and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jayakumar Rajada
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.); and Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.), BioADD Laboratory, and Divisions of Cardiovascular Pharmacology CVI (M.I., J.R.) and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.); and Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.), BioADD Laboratory, and Divisions of Cardiovascular Pharmacology CVI (M.I., J.R.) and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.); and Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.), BioADD Laboratory, and Divisions of Cardiovascular Pharmacology CVI (M.I., J.R.) and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Salman Azhar
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.); and Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism (J.K.W.C., S.B., A.B., S.At., W.-J.S., F.B.K., S.Az.), BioADD Laboratory, and Divisions of Cardiovascular Pharmacology CVI (M.I., J.R.) and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Martino RF, Davicino RC, Mattar MA, Sasso CV, Casali YA, Alonso R, Anesini C, Correa SG, Micalizzi B. Macrophages activation by a purified fraction, free of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), fromLarrea divaricataCav. as a potential novel therapy againstCandida albicans. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 34:975-82. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.682225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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6
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Martino RF, Davicino RC, Mattar MA, Casali YA, Correa SG, Micalizzi B. In vivo effect of three fractions of Larrea divaricata Cav. (jarilla) on the innate immune system: macrophage response against Candida albicans. Mycoses 2011; 54:e718-25. [PMID: 21615533 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2010.02006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Larrea divaricata Cav. (jarilla) is a plant with well-documented applications in folk medicine in Argentina. In this study, we aimed to evaluate functional parameters of peritoneal macrophages isolated from mice injected with three fractions (F1, F2 and F3) of L. divaricata. The response of macrophages against Candida albicans was evaluated. Cell viability was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, apoptosis was evaluated using Giemsa, acridine orange/ethidium bromide and ladder assay, oxidative burst was assayed using nitroblue tetrazolium test and nitrite production using Griess assay. Cell stimulation and their ability to kill C. albicans in vitro were measured. The number and cell viability were similar to controls. However, we found that F1 induces pre-activation of macrophages, and this pre-activation is enhanced by C. albicans. The effects exerted by F1 make it more important than F2 and F3 for the treatment of disseminated candidiasis in patients with immunodeficiency diseases such as AIDS and chronic granulomatous disease, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo F Martino
- Microbiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Biological Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
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7
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Martino RF, Davicino RC, Mattar MA, Casali YA, Correa SG, Anesini C, Micalizzi B. In vitro immunomodulatory effects of fractions obtained from aqueous extracts of Larrea divaricata Cav (Jarilla) on mouse peritoneal macrophages. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 32:125-32. [PMID: 19831499 DOI: 10.3109/08923970903201748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Larrea divaricata Cav. (Zygophyllaceae) is a plant widely used in Argentina. MATERIAL AND METHODS We isolated different fractions of L. divaricata aqueous extract containing minor amounts of NDGA, and we analyzed these fractions on mouse macrophages. RESULTS We showed that a fraction without NDGA was capableof activating macrophages, principally through the production of mitochondrial anion superoxide and H(2)O(2). This could be important in the defense of infections. Moreover, this fraction decreased NO level suggesting an anti-inflammatory action. CONCLUSION These results indicate that NDGA was not the compound responsible for the immunomodulatory action exerted by the aqueous extract from L. divaricata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo F Martino
- Microbiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Biological Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
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Salinas-Salazar CL, del Rayo Camacho-Corona M, Bernès S, Waksman de Torres N. 2,2'-Dimethoxy-4,4'-[rel-(2R,3S)-2,3-di-methylbutane-1,4-diyl]diphenol. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o1279. [PMID: 21583141 PMCID: PMC2969660 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809017292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The title mol-ecule, C(20)H(26)O(4), commonly known as meso-dihydro-guaiaretic acid, is a naturally occurring lignan extracted from Larrea tridentata and other plants. The mol-ecule has a noncrystallographic inversion center situated at the midpoint of the central C-C bond, generating the meso stereoisomer. The central C-C-C-C alkyl chain displays an all-trans conformation, allowing an almost parallel arrangement of the benzene rings, which make a dihedral angle of 5.0 (3)°. Both hydr-oxy groups form weak O-H⋯O-H chains of hydrogen bonds along [100]. The resulting supra-molecular structure is an undulating plane parallel to (010).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen L. Salinas-Salazar
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, DEP Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UANL, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | | | - Sylvain Bernès
- Laboratorio de Difracción de rayos X en Monocristales, DEP Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UANL, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
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Davicino R, Martinez C, Mattar MA, Casali Y, Correa SG, Aragon L, Saidman EA, Messina G, Micalizzi B. Larrea divaricata Cav (Jarilla): production of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and expression of zymosan receptors. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008; 30:489-501. [PMID: 18668394 DOI: 10.1080/08923970802135211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Larrea divaricata is a plant widely used in folk medicine in Argentina. This work aimed to study the mechanisms of decoction activity on the release of oxygen reactive species. Decoction increased the binding of zymosan-FITC and superoxide production. Cadmium decreased the superoxide production as well as malonate and barbital. Decoction decreased the release of hydrogen peroxide. Decoction increased the reduction of MTT but not when malonate and barbital were included. Together, decoction increased the expression of dectin-1 leading to increased superoxide production. It is possible that decoction increases the activity of peroxidase, and decreases the Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Davicino
- Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Microbiology Area, Faculty Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, Chacabuco and Pedernera, San Luis, Argentine
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10
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Ryan CJ, Zavodovskaya M, Youngren JF, Campbell M, Diamond M, Jones J, Shiry L, Allan G, Maddux BA, Goldfine ID. Inhibitory effects of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) on the IGF-1 receptor and androgen dependent growth of LAPC-4 prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2008; 68:1232-40. [PMID: 18491370 PMCID: PMC7305632 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is an inhibitor of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in breast and other cancers, and concomitantly inhibits tumor growth both in cultured cells and animals. The current study evaluates the effect of NDGA on the androgen-stimulated growth of human prostate cancer cells. METHODS LAPC-4 prostate cancer cells in tissue culture were androgen starved for 3 days, 1 nM dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and other androgens were then added for up to 7 days, and cell proliferation measured. IGF-1R protein expression was measured by Western blot, and IGF-1R mRNA expression by quantitative PCR. IGF-1R receptor kinase activation was measured by ELISA. RESULTS After 7 days, LAPC-4 growth was doubled by 1 nM DHT. NDGA had a rapid effect to inhibit IGF-1R autophosphorylation induced by IGF-1. DHT increased the expression of IGF-1R protein and mRNA levels. Maximal IGF-1R protein levels were observed 3 days after the addition of androgen. In addition, NDGA, at 10 microM or less, inhibited DHT-induced proliferation in both cells grown in plates and cells grown in soft agar. Androgen receptor (AR) studies by FRET revealed that NDGA had no conformational effects on the AR in response to ligand. CONCLUSIONS NDGA blocks the DHT-induced growth of LAPC-4 prostate cancer cells by several mechanisms including rapid inhibition of the IGF-1R kinase, and a dose-dependent inhibition of androgen stimulation of IGF-1R expression. Clinical studies of this agent will determine its efficacy in the setting of androgen-dependent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Ryan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
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11
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Davicino R, Mattar A, Casali Y, Porporatto C, Correa SG, Micalizzi B. Early effects triggered by Larrea divaricata Cav. on murine macrophages at apoptotic concentrations. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2007; 29:611-24. [PMID: 18075869 DOI: 10.1080/08923970701513377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Decoction and infusion of Larrea divaricata were tested at apoptotic concentrations (1 and 4 mg/ml) on peritoneal murine macrophages. Consistent changes were observed after incubation with 4 mg/ml decoction. Phagocytosis of zymosan, lysosomal enzyme activity, nitric oxide production, TNF-alpha release, and expression of CD14, TLR4, and CR3 increased significantly. Decoction at 1 and 4 mg/ml increased the binding of LPS-FITC. Apoptosis triggered by L. divaricata decoction is consequence of cell activation. The effects are independent of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. This "activation and death" could be the mechanism of L. divaricata to exert the antituberculosis effect known in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Davicino
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis, Argentina
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12
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Blecha JE, Anderson MO, Chow JM, Guevarra CC, Pender C, Penaranda C, Zavodovskaya M, Youngren JF, Berkman CE. Inhibition of IGF-1R and lipoxygenase by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4026-9. [PMID: 17502145 PMCID: PMC2253493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 04/21/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we pursue the hypothesis that the structure of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) can be refined for selective potency against the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer while diminishing its action against other cellular targets. Thus, a set of NDGA analogs (7a-7h) was prepared and examined for inhibitory potency against IGF-1R kinase and an alternative target, 15-lipoxygenase (15 LOX). The anti-cancer effects of these compounds were determined by their ability to inhibit IGF-1 mediated cell growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The design of the analogs was based upon a cursory Topliss approach in which one of NDGA's aromatic rings was modified with various substituents. Structural modification of one of the two catechol rings of NDGA was found to have little effect upon the inhibitory potency against both kinase activity of the IGF-1R and IGF-1 mediated cell growth of MCF-7 cells. 15-LOX was found to be most sensitive to structural modifications of NDGA. From the limited series of NDGA analogs examined, the compound that exhibited the greatest selectivity for IGF-1 mediated growth compared to 15-LOX inhibition was a cyclic analog 7h with a framework similar to a natural product isolated from Larrea divaricata. The results for 7h are significant because while NDGA displays biological promiscuity, 7h exhibits greater specificity toward the breast cancer target IGF-1R with that added benefit of possessing a 10-fold weaker potency against 15-LOX, an enzyme which has a purported tumor suppressing role in breast cancer. With increased specificity and potency, 7h may serve as a new lead in developing novel therapeutic agents for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132-4163, USA
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Valentine JL, McKenzie L, Kovarik F. Gas Chromatographic Determination of Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid in Larrea Divaricata. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032718408065335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Pedernera AM, Guardia T, Calderón CG, Rotelli AE, de la Rocha NE, Genaro SD, Pelzer LE. Anti-ulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of Larrea divaricata Cav. in rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 105:415-20. [PMID: 16406415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Revised: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Larrea divaricata Cav. (Zygophyllaceae) is used in popular medicine as anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic drug, containing higher amounts of nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a well-known free radical scavenger. Here we describe the gastric anti-ulcerogenic effect of the methanolic extract of Larrea divaricata (LdME) leaves in rat, using absolute ethanol and HCl 0.6N as necrotizing agents, and the effect of blocking endogenous sulfhydryl (SH) groups with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). We also studied the anti-inflammatory activity of LdME in two rat experimental models: cotton pellet induced granuloma and arthritis induced by adjuvant-carrageenan. Influence of treatment in body weight and some lymphoid organs was evaluated. Finally, the free radical scavenging capacity of LdME was determined by the method of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition. LdME demonstrated anti-ulcerogenic effect in rats, and it was shown that the endogenous SH compounds were not involved in the mechanism of action. LdME also showed inhibitory activity in the applied models of inflammation, being more effective in the acute phase. No effect was observed concerning the weight of spleen, thymus and body. The extract proved to possess elevated free radical scavenging capacity which may contribute to the observed gastric anti-ulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Pedernera
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Chacabuco y Pedernera, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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Steenkamp V, Stewart MJ. Nephrotoxicity associated with exposure to plant toxins, with particular reference to Africa. Ther Drug Monit 2005; 27:270-7. [PMID: 15905794 DOI: 10.1097/01.ftd.0000162229.86303.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute renal failure is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in the hospitalized population worldwide. In Africa, apart from hemodynamic causes and infections, herbal remedies contribute to both morbidity and mortality, although these causes often go unrecognized. This paper reviews reports of herbal remedies that have been shown to result in nephrotoxicity. The indications for use of the remedies, signs and symptoms in poisoned patients, and the methods used to detect toxic compounds in plant specimens or in biological fluids are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Steenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Cho MH, Moinuddin SGA, Helms GL, Hishiyama S, Eichinger D, Davin LB, Lewis NG. (+)-Larreatricin hydroxylase, an enantio-specific polyphenol oxidase from the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:10641-6. [PMID: 12960376 PMCID: PMC196857 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1934562100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An enantio-specific polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was purified approximately 1,700-fold to apparent homogeneity from the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), and its encoding gene was cloned. The posttranslationally processed PPO ( approximately 43 kDa) has a central role in the biosynthesis of the creosote bush 8-8' linked lignans, whose representatives, such as nordihydroguaiaretic acid and its congeners, have potent antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. The PPO primarily engenders the enantio-specific conversion of (+)-larreatricin into (+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin, with the regiochemistry of catalysis being unambiguously established by different NMR spectroscopic analyses; the corresponding (-)-enantiomer did not serve as a substrate. This enantio-specificity for a PPO, a representative of a widespread class of enzymes, provides additional insight into their actual physiological roles that hitherto have been difficult to determine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Ho Cho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
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Moinuddin SGA, Hishiyama S, Cho MH, Davin LB, Lewis NG. Synthesis and chiral HPLC analysis of the dibenzyltetrahydrofuran lignans, larreatricins, 8'-epi-larreatricins, 3,3'-didemethoxyverrucosins and meso-3,3'-didemethoxynectandrin B in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata): evidence for regiospecific control of coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2003; 1:2307-13. [PMID: 12945702 DOI: 10.1039/b302632a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) lignans are linked via 8-8' bonds, with the simplest apparently being E-p-anol derived. Of the latter, four of the six theoretically possible diastereoisomers were isolated, namely (-)-larreatricin, (-)-8'-epi-larreatricin, meso-3,3'-didemethoxynectandrin B and the new compounds, (+)- and (-)-3,3'-didemethoxyverrucosins. Following synthesis of each in either racemic or meso form, and chiral HPLC separation of the antipodes of the racemates, it was established that naturally occurring (-)-larreatricin and (-)-8'-epi-larreatricin were present in 92 and 98% enantiomeric excess, respectively, whereas 3,3'-didemethoxyverrucosin was essentially racemic and 3,3'-didemethoxynectandrin B was in the meso-form. The evidence suggests that formation of these lignans occurs under regiospecific, rather than stereoselective, coupling control. This contrasts with laccase-catalyzed "random" coupling of E-p-anol in vitro which generates the corresponding racemic 8-8', 8-3' and 8-O-4' linked dimeric moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed G A Moinuddin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
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Hwu JR, Tseng WN, Gnabre J, Giza P, Huang RC. Antiviral activities of methylated nordihydroguaiaretic acids. 1. Synthesis, structure identification, and inhibition of tat-regulated HIV transactivation. J Med Chem 1998; 41:2994-3000. [PMID: 9685238 DOI: 10.1021/jm970819w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, meso-1) possesses four phenolic hydroxyl groups. Treatment of NDGA with 0.50-4.1 equiv of dimethyl sulfate and 3.0-6.0 equiv of potassium carbonate in acetone at 56 degrees C gave nine methylated products. Eight of those mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-O-methylated NDGAs were isolated in pure form, and their structures were identified unambiguously by spectroscopic methods. A preparative amount of tetramethyl NDGA M4N (10) was obtained in 99% yield from NDGA by use of 4.1 equiv of dimethyl sulfate for the methylation. Among the eight different methylated NDGAs (2-6 and 8-10), tetra-O-methyl-NDGA (10) showed the strongest anti-HIV activity (IC50 11 microM). Chemically synthesized 3'-O-methyl-NDGA ((+/-)-2) showed identical anti-HIV activity (IC50 25 microM) to the lignan isolated from Creosote Bush. Lignans with methylated catecholic hydroxyl groups can be produced in large quantities with low cost. At drug concentrations below 30 microM tetramethyl NDGA (10) was a stronger anti-HIV agent than mono- and dimethylated NDGAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Hwu
- Organosilicon and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China, and Departmen
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Gnabre JN, Ito Y, Ma Y, Huang RC. Isolation of anti-HIV-1 lignans from Larrea tridentata by counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1996; 719:353-64. [PMID: 8581122 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Several lignans, mostly new, were isolated from Larrea tridentata by assay-guided counter-current chromatography (CCC). Using the secreted alkaline phosphatase bioassay of HIV Tat transactivation and the two-phase hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water solvent system, two major components (Gr and Lo) were identified as anti-HIV active principles. The chemical structures of the constituents of Gr (G1-G4) and Lo (L1-L4) were determined by GC-MS and NMR. After optimization of isolation conditions, a large-scale isolation with the chloroform-methanol-water system yielded five constituents (FB1-FB5). The most predominant anti-HIV compound FB2 (denoted Malachi 4:5-6 or mal.4), which occurs in 0.23% yield, was separated from its FB1 isomer (0.13% yield). Compound FB4 and two tricyclic lignans (FB3 and FB5) were also isolated in a substantial amount for further testing of their anti-HIV activities. These compounds may represent a new class of anti-HIV agents with important clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Gnabre
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218-2685, USA
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Phytotoxic properties of nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a lignan fromLarrea tridentata (Creosote bush). J Chem Ecol 1985; 11:27-33. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00987601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/1984] [Revised: 05/04/1984] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Heiser RW, Cheng CC, Pardini RS. Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport by partially demethylated dihydroguaiaretic acid. PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 1977; 9:917-25. [PMID: 605151 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-6989(77)80101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pardini RS, Kim CH, Biagini R, Morris RJ, Fletcher DC. Inhibition of mitochondrial electron-transport systems by nor-isoguaiacin. Biochem Pharmacol 1973; 22:1921-5. [PMID: 4146617 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(73)90052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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KORZYBSKI TADEUSZ, KOWSZYK-GINDIFER ZUZANNA, KURYŁOWICZ WŁODZIMIERZ. NORDIHYDROGUAIARETIC ACID. Antibiotics (Basel) 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4831-9801-9.50194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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