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Qiu T, Andrus R, Aravena MC, Ascoli D, Bergeron Y, Berretti R, Berveiller D, Bogdziewicz M, Boivin T, Bonal R, Bragg DC, Caignard T, Calama R, Camarero JJ, Chang-Yang CH, Cleavitt NL, Courbaud B, Courbet F, Curt T, Das AJ, Daskalakou E, Davi H, Delpierre N, Delzon S, Dietze M, Calderon SD, Dormont L, Espelta J, Fahey TJ, Farfan-Rios W, Gehring CA, Gilbert GS, Gratzer G, Greenberg CH, Guo Q, Hacket-Pain A, Hampe A, Han Q, Hille Ris Lambers J, Hoshizaki K, Ibanez I, Johnstone JF, Journé V, Kabeya D, Kilner CL, Kitzberger T, Knops JMH, Kobe RK, Kunstler G, Lageard JGA, LaMontagne JM, Ledwon M, Lefevre F, Leininger T, Limousin JM, Lutz JA, Macias D, McIntire EJB, Moore CM, Moran E, Motta R, Myers JA, Nagel TA, Noguchi K, Ourcival JM, Parmenter R, Pearse IS, Perez-Ramos IM, Piechnik L, Poulsen J, Poulton-Kamakura R, Redmond MD, Reid CD, Rodman KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez F, Sanguinetti JD, Scher CL, Schlesinger WH, Schmidt Van Marle H, Seget B, Sharma S, Silman M, Steele MA, Stephenson NL, Straub JN, Sun IF, Sutton S, Swenson JJ, Swift M, Thomas PA, Uriarte M, Vacchiano G, Veblen TT, Whipple AV, Whitham TG, Wion AP, Wright B, Wright SJ, Zhu K, Zimmerman JK, Zlotin R, Zywiec M, Clark JS. Limits to reproduction and seed size-number trade-offs that shape forest dominance and future recovery. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2381. [PMID: 35501313 PMCID: PMC9061860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Qiu
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Robert Andrus
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Marie-Claire Aravena
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservacion de la Naturaleza (FCFCN), La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Yves Bergeron
- Forest Research Institute, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada
| | - Roberta Berretti
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Daniel Berveiller
- Universite Paris-Saclay, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Michal Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Thomas Boivin
- Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des Forets Mediterranennes, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Raul Bonal
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Don C Bragg
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Monticello, AR, 71656, USA
| | - Thomas Caignard
- Universite Bordeaux, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversity, Genes, and Communities (BIOGECO), 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Rafael Calama
- Centro de Investigacion Forestal - Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CIFOR), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPE-CSIC), 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Chia-Hao Chang-Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | | | - Benoit Courbaud
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystemes et Societes En Montagne (LESSEM), 38402, St. Martin-d'Heres, France
| | - Francois Courbet
- Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des Forets Mediterranennes, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Thomas Curt
- Aix Marseille universite, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), 13182, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Adrian J Das
- USGS Western Ecological Research Center, Three Rivers, CA, 93271, USA
| | | | - Hendrik Davi
- Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des Forets Mediterranennes, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Nicolas Delpierre
- Universite Paris-Saclay, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Universite Bordeaux, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversity, Genes, and Communities (BIOGECO), 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Michael Dietze
- Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sergio Donoso Calderon
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservacion de la Naturaleza (FCFCN), La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laurent Dormont
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Josep Espelta
- Centre de Recerca Ecologica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Bellaterra, Catalunya, 08193, Spain
| | - Timothy J Fahey
- Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - William Farfan-Rios
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Catherine A Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Gregory S Gilbert
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Georg Gratzer
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190, Wien, Austria
| | - Cathryn H Greenberg
- Bent Creek Experimental Forest, USDA Forest Service, Asheville, NC, 28801, USA
| | - Qinfeng Guo
- Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Andrew Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Arndt Hampe
- Universite Bordeaux, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversity, Genes, and Communities (BIOGECO), 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Qingmin Han
- Department of Plant Ecology Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Hoshizaki
- Department of Biological Environment, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Ines Ibanez
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jill F Johnstone
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, 99700, USA
| | - Valentin Journé
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystemes et Societes En Montagne (LESSEM), 38402, St. Martin-d'Heres, France
| | - Daisuke Kabeya
- Department of Plant Ecology Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | | | - Thomas Kitzberger
- Department of Ecology, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Quintral 1250, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Health and Environmental Sciences Department, Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Richard K Kobe
- Department of Plant Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Georges Kunstler
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystemes et Societes En Montagne (LESSEM), 38402, St. Martin-d'Heres, France
| | - Jonathan G A Lageard
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Jalene M LaMontagne
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
| | - Mateusz Ledwon
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31-016, Krakow, Poland
| | - Francois Lefevre
- Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des Forets Mediterranennes, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Theodor Leininger
- USDA, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, PO Box 227, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Limousin
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - James A Lutz
- Department of Wildland Resources, and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Diana Macias
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | | | | | - Emily Moran
- School of Natural Sciences, UC Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Renzo Motta
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Jonathan A Myers
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas A Nagel
- Department of forestry and renewable forest resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kyotaro Noguchi
- Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0123, Japan
| | - Jean-Marc Ourcival
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Robert Parmenter
- Valles Caldera National Preserve, National Park Service, Jemez Springs, NM, 87025, USA
| | - Ian S Pearse
- Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Avenue Bldg C, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Ignacio M Perez-Ramos
- Inst. de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Andalucia, Spain
| | - Lukasz Piechnik
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Krakow, Poland
| | - John Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | - Miranda D Redmond
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, COlorado State University, Fort COllins, CO, USA
| | - Chantal D Reid
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kyle C Rodman
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Javier D Sanguinetti
- Bilogo Dpto. Conservacin y Manejo Parque Nacional Lanin Elordi y Perito Moreno, 8370, San Marten de los Andes Neuqun, Argentina
| | - C Lane Scher
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | - Harald Schmidt Van Marle
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservacion de la Naturaleza (FCFCN), La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Barbara Seget
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Krakow, Poland
| | - Shubhi Sharma
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Miles Silman
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Michael A Steele
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, 84 West South Street, Wilkes-Barre, PA, 18766, USA
| | | | - Jacob N Straub
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, State University of New York-Brockport, Brockport, NY, 14420, USA
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Ecology and Sustainability, College of Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Samantha Sutton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jennifer J Swenson
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Margaret Swift
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Peter A Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1113 Schermerhorn Ext., 1200 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Giorgio Vacchiano
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Territory, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Thomas T Veblen
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Amy V Whipple
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Thomas G Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Andreas P Wion
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Boyd Wright
- Botany, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843n03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR, 00936, USA
| | - Roman Zlotin
- Geography Department and Russian and East European Institute, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Magdalena Zywiec
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Krakow, Poland
| | - James S Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystemes et Societes En Montagne (LESSEM), 38402, St. Martin-d'Heres, France.
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