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Peña-Calzada K, Olivera-Viciedo D, Calero-Hurtado A, de Mello Prado R, Habermann E, Lata Tenesaca LF, Ajila G, de Oliveira R, Rodríguez JC, Lupino Gratão P. Silicon mitigates the negative impacts of salt stress in soybean plants. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:4360-4370. [PMID: 36788650 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean is widely cultivated around the world, including regions with salinity conditions. Salt stress impairs plant physiology and growth, but recent evidence suggests that silicon (Si) is able to mitigate this stressful condition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate how different strategies of Si application impact on salt stress tolerance of an intermediate Si accumulator species (soybean). Therefore, we applied four treatments: Si-untreated plants (Si 0); foliar spraying at 20 mmol L-1 (Si F); nutritive solution addition at 2.0 mol L-1 (Si R), and combined foliar spraying at 20 mmol L-1 plus nutritive solution at 2.0 mmol L-1 (Si F + R). We investigated how Si application modified growth, leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content (RWC), nutrient accumulation, and ion homeostasis of soybean plants submitted to different levels of salt stress (50 and 100 mmol L-1 NaCl). RESULTS Salinity induced an expressive reduction in ion accumulation, plant water status, and growth of soybean, while Si application promoted contrary effects and increased potassium (K+ ) accumulation, water status, photosynthetic pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and gas exchange attributes. Additionally, Si application enhanced Si accumulation associated with decreased Na+ uptake and improved morpho-physiological growth. CONCLUSION The use of exogenous Si can be an efficient strategy to attenuate the harmful effects of salt stress in soybean plants. The best application strategy was observed with combined foliar spraying with Si included in the nutritive solution (Si F + R). © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolima Peña-Calzada
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Agronomy Department, University of Sancti Spiritus 'Jose Marti Perez' (UNISS), Sancti Spiritus, Cuba
| | - Dilier Olivera-Viciedo
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Center of Environment and Agriculture Science, Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Alexander Calero-Hurtado
- Agronomy Department, University of Sancti Spiritus 'Jose Marti Perez' (UNISS), Sancti Spiritus, Cuba
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, University of São Paulo, FFCLRP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Ajila
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo de Oliveira
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez
- Agronomy Department, University of Sancti Spiritus 'Jose Marti Perez' (UNISS), Sancti Spiritus, Cuba
| | - Priscila Lupino Gratão
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Noh K, Jeong BR. Silicon Supplementation Alleviates Adverse Effects of Ammonium on Ssamchoo Grown in Home Cultivation System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2882. [PMID: 36365334 PMCID: PMC9654249 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ssamchoo is recently attracting attention as a household hydroponic vegetable in Korea. It has a refreshing texture and a rich content of vitamins and fiber. Ssamchoo with a wide leaf area is suitable for traditional ssam or vegetable wraps, as well as a vegetable for salads; thus, it can be used in a variety of dishes. However, Ssamchoo plants responds sensitively to the nutrient solution, and it is often difficult to secure sufficient leaf area and robust growth using a commercial nutrient solution for leafy vegetables. This study consisted of three experiments conducted to develop the nutrient solution for Ssamchoo grown in a newly developed home hydroponic cultivation system using light-emitting diodes as the sole source of light. In the first experiment, growth and development of Ssamchoo in a representative commercial nutrient solution, Peters Professional (20-20-20, The Scotts Co., Marysville, OH, USA), was compared with laboratory-prepared nutrient solutions, GNU1 and GNU2. As a result, the Ssamchoo grown in Peters Professional had a high NH4+ content in the tissue, leaf yellowing, darkened root color, and suppressed root hair development. In addition, adverse effects of ammonium such as low fresh weight and shorter shoot length were observed. In the second experiment, Peters Professional was excluded, and the ratio of NO3- to NH4+ in the GNU1 and GNU2 nutrient solutions was set to four levels each (100:0, 83.3:16.7, 66.7:33.3, and 50:50). As a result, the fresh weights of 83.3:16.7 and 66.7:33.3 were the greatest, and the leaf color was a healthy green. However, at 100:0 and 50:50 NO3-/NH4+ ratios, the fresh weight was low, and leaf yellowing, tip burn, and leaf burn appeared. The nutrient solution with a 83.3:16.7 NO3-- to-NH4+ ratio, which gave the greatest fresh weight in the second experiment, was chosen as the control, while the solution with a 50:50 NO3-/NH4+ ratio with a lower nitrate content among the two unfavorable treatments was selected as a treatment group for the next experiment. In the third experiment, NH4+ was partially replaced with urea to make four different ratios of NO3- to NH4+ to urea (83:17:0, 50:50:0, 50:25:25, and 50:0:50) in combination with two levels of Si (0 and 10.7 mmol·L-1 Si). The greatest fresh weight was obtained in the treatment in which the NO3-/NH4+/urea ratio was 50:25:25. In particular, when Si was added to the solution, there was no decrease in the number of leaves, and plants with the greatest fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and leaf area were obtained. The number of leaves and leaf area are important indicators of high productivity since the Ssamchoo is used in ssam dishes. It can be concluded that a solution with a NO3-/NH4+/urea ratio of 50:25:25 and supplemented with 10.7 mmol·L-1 Si is the most suitable nutrient solution for growing Ssamchoo in the home hydroponic system developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungdeok Noh
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Byoung Ryong Jeong
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Ahire ML, Mundada PS, Nikam TD, Bapat VA, Penna S. Multifaceted roles of silicon in mitigating environmental stresses in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:291-310. [PMID: 34826705 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Food security relies on plant productivity and plant's resilience to climate change driven environmental stresses. Plants employ diverse adaptive mechanisms of stress-signalling pathways, antioxidant defense, osmotic adjustment, nutrient homeostasis and phytohormones. Over the last few decades, silicon has emerged as a beneficial element for enhancing plant growth productivity. Silicon ameliorates biotic and abiotic stress conditions by regulating the physiological, biochemical and molecular responses. Si-uptake and transport are facilitated by specialized Si-transporters (Lsi1, Lsi2, Lsi3, and Lsi6) and, the differential root anatomy has been shown to reflect in the varying Si-uptake in monocot and dicot plants. Silicon mediates a number of plant processes including osmotic, ionic stress responses, metabolic processes, stomatal physiology, phytohormones, nutrients and source-sink relationship. Further studies on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the Si transporter genes are required for better uptake and transport in spatial mode and under different stress conditions. In this article, we present an account of the availability, uptake, Si transporters and, the role of Silicon to alleviate environmental stress and improve plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ahire
- Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, 415 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - P S Mundada
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, Maharashtra, India; Department of Biotechnology, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, 415 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - T D Nikam
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, Maharashtra, India
| | - V A Bapat
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416 004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 094, Maharashtra, India.
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Olivera-Viciedo D, de Mello Prado R, Martinez CA, Habermann E, de Cássia Piccolo M, Calero-Hurtado A, Barreto RF, Peña K. Are the interaction effects of warming and drought on nutritional status and biomass production in a tropical forage legume greater than their individual effects? PLANTA 2021; 254:104. [PMID: 34686920 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought alone and drought plus warming will change the nutrient requirements and biomass distributions of Stylosanthes capitata, while warming will be advantageous only under well-watered condition for the next decades. Climate change effects on natural and managed ecosystems are difficult to predict due to its multi-factor nature. However, most studies that investigate the impacts of climate change factors on plants, such as warming or drought, were conducted under one single stress and controlled environments. In this study, we evaluated the effects of elevated temperature (+ 2 °C) (T) under different conditions of soil water availability (W) to understand the interactive effects of both factors on leaf, stem, and inflorescence macro and micronutrients concentration and biomass allocation of a tropical forage species, Stylosanthes capitata Vogel under field conditions. Temperature control was performed by a temperature free-air controlled enhancement (T-FACE) system. We observed that warming changed nutrient concentrations and plant growth depending on soil moisture levels, but the responses were specific for each plant organ. In general, we found that warming under well-watered conditions greatly improved nutrient concentration and biomass production, whilst the opposite effect was observed under non-irrigated and non-warmed conditions. However, under warmed and non-irrigated conditions, leaf biomass and leaf nutrient concentration were greatly reduced when compared to non-warmed and irrigated plants. Our findings suggest that warming (2 °C above ambient temperature) and drought, as well as both combined stresses, will change the nutrient requirements and biomass distributions between plant aerial organs of S. capitata in tropical ecosystems, which may impact animal feeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilier Olivera-Viciedo
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Soils and Fertilizers Sector, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Soils and Fertilizers Sector, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Martinez
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa de Cássia Piccolo
- Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander Calero-Hurtado
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Soils and Fertilizers Sector, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ferreira Barreto
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Soils and Fertilizers Sector, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Kolima Peña
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Soils and Fertilizers Sector, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
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Pan T, Zhang J, He L, Hafeez A, Ning C, Cai K. Silicon Enhances Plant Resistance of Rice against Submergence Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:767. [PMID: 33919738 PMCID: PMC8070673 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Flooding is an important natural disaster limiting rice production. Silicon (Si) has been shown to have an important role in alleviating varied environmental stress. However, very few studies have investigated the effects and mechanisms of Si in alleviating flood stress in rice. In the present study, wild type rice (cv. Oochikara, WT) and Si-defective mutant (lsi1) were chosen to examine the impacts of Si application on plant growth, photosynthesis, cell structure, and antioxidant enzyme activity of rice exposed to submergence stress at tillering stage. Our results showed that Si application improved root morphological traits, and increased Si uptake and plant biomass of WT under submergence stress, but non-significantly influenced lsi1 mutant. Under submergence stress, leaf photosynthesis of WT was significantly inhibited, and Si application had no significant effects on photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration for both of WT and lsi1 mutant, but the photochemical quenching of WT was increased and the integrity of cell structure was improved. In addition, Si application significantly reduced malondialdehyde concentration and increased the activity of peroxidase and catalase in WT leaves under submergence stress. These results suggested that Si could increase rice plant resistance against submergence stress by improving root morphological traits and chloroplast ultrastructure and enhancing antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taowen Pan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.P.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (A.H.); (C.N.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.P.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (A.H.); (C.N.)
| | - Lanmengqi He
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.P.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (A.H.); (C.N.)
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.P.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (A.H.); (C.N.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chuanchuan Ning
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.P.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (A.H.); (C.N.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kunzheng Cai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.P.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (A.H.); (C.N.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Calero Hurtado A, Chiconato DA, Prado RDM, Sousa Junior GDS, Olivera Viciedo D, Piccolo MDC. Silicon application induces changes C:N:P stoichiometry and enhances stoichiometric homeostasis of sorghum and sunflower plants under salt stress. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3711-3719. [PMID: 33304182 PMCID: PMC7714968 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of silicon (Si) on growth have been observed in some plant species, reportedly due to stoichiometric changes of C, N, and P. However, little is known about the effects on the stoichiometric relationships between C, N, and P when silicon is supplied via different modes in sorghum and sunflower plants under salt stress conditions. Therefore, the current study was performed to investigate the impact of differing modes of Si supply on shoot biomass production and C:N:P stoichiometry in sorghum and sunflower plants under salt stress. Two experiments were performed in a glass greenhouse using the strong Si-accumulator plant sorghum, as well as the intermediate type Si-accumulator sunflower, both of which were grown in pots filled with washed sand. Plant species were cultivated for 30 days in the absence or presence of salt stress (0 or 100 mM) and supplemented with one of four Si treatments: control plants (without Si), 28.6 mmol Si L-1 via foliar application, 2.0 mmol Si L-1 via nutrient solution, and combined application of foliar and nutrient solution, each group with five replications. The results revealed that supplied Si modified the C, N, and P concentrations, thereby enhancing the C:N:P stoichiometry and shoot dry matter of sorghum and sunflower plants under salt stress. Both application of Si via nutrient solution, as well as combined application via foliar and nutrient solution, increased the C:N ratio in both plant species under salt stress, but in sorghum plants decreased the C:P and N:P ratios and increased the shoot biomass production by 39%, while in sunflower plants increased the C:P and N:P ratios and increased the shoot biomass production by 24%. Our findings suggest that salt stress alleviation by Si impacts C:N:P stoichiometric relationships in a variable manner depending on the ability of the species to accumulate Si, as well as the route of Si administration.
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Key Words
- Carbon
- Ecological stoichiometry
- F +Na, foliar Si treatment under NaCl stress
- F −Na, foliar Si treatment under non-NaCl stress
- F, foliar application of Si
- HCl, Hydrochloric acid
- Helianthus annuus
- LDM, leaves dry matter
- Macronutrients
- Na+, sodium
- R +Na, root Si treatment under NaCl stress
- R −Na, root Si treatment under non-NaCl stress
- R, root application of Si
- RF +Na, combined Si treatment under NaCl stress
- RF −Na, combined Si treatment under non-NaCl stress
- RF, and combined foliar and root applications of Si
- S, Scheffe
- SDM, shoot dry matter
- SDM, stem dry matter
- Salinity
- Si × NaCl, Si–NaCl interaction
- Si, Silicon
- SiNaKE, Stabilized sodium and potassium silicate
- Sorghum bicolor
- −Si +Na, non-Si treatment under NaCl stress
- −Si −Na, non-Si treatment under non-NaCl stress
- −Si, Control no added Si
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Calero Hurtado
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences - Soil and Fertilizer Sector, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Aparecida Chiconato
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences - Soil and Fertilizer Sector, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilmar da Silveira Sousa Junior
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dilier Olivera Viciedo
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences - Soil and Fertilizer Sector, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa de Cássia Piccolo
- Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Centenário Avenue 303, cep 13400-970, Piracicaba, SãoPaulo, Brazil
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