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Cheraghpour M, Fatemi N, Shadnoush M, Talebi G, Tierling S, Bermúdez-Humarán LG. Immunomodulation aspects of gut microbiome-related interventional strategies in colorectal cancer. Med Oncol 2024; 41:231. [PMID: 39162936 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer worldwide, develops mainly due to the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes over many years. Substantial evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a significant role in the initiation, progression, and control of CRC, depending on the balance between beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms. Nonetheless, gut microbiota composition by regulating the host immune response may either promote or inhibit CRC. Thus, modification of gut microbiota potentially impacts clinical outcomes of immunotherapy. Previous studies have indicated that therapeutic strategies such as probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics enhance the intestinal immune system and improve the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents, potentially serving as a complementary strategy in cancer immunotherapy. This review discusses the role of the gut microbiota in the onset and development of CRC in relation to the immune response. Additionally, we focus on the effect of strategies manipulating gut microbiome on the immune response and efficacy of immunotherapy against CRC. We demonstrate that manipulation of gut microbiome can enhance immune response and outcomes of immunotherapy through downregulating Treg cells and other immunosuppressive cells while improving the function of T cells within the tumor; however, further research, especially clinical trials, are needed to evaluate its efficacy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makan Cheraghpour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nayeralsadat Fatemi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shadnoush
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Talebi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sascha Tierling
- Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Faculty NT, Life Sciences, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Luis G Bermúdez-Humarán
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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2
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Saha B, A T R, Adhikary S, Banerjee A, Radhakrishnan AK, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. Exploring the Relationship Between Diet, Lifestyle and Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer Development: A Recent Update. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:789-814. [PMID: 39207359 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2367266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advances in treatment modalities, its prevalence continues to rise, notably among younger populations. Unhealthy dietary habits, sedentary routines, and obesity have been identified as one of the key contributors to the development of colorectal cancer, apart from genetic and epigenetic modifications. Recognizing the profound impact of diet and lifestyle on the intricate gut microbiota ecosystem offers a promising avenue for understanding CRC development and its treatment. Gut dysbiosis, characterized by imbalances favoring harmful microbes over beneficial ones, has emerged as a defining feature of CRC. Changes in diet and lifestyle can profoundly alter the composition of gut microbes and the metabolites they produce, potentially contributing to CRC onset. Focusing on recent evidence, this review discussed various dietary factors, such as high consumption of red and processed meats and low fiber intake, and lifestyle factors, including obesity, lack of physical activity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption, that influence the gut microbiome composition and elevate CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biki Saha
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Rithi A T
- Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Subhamay Adhikary
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Arun Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
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3
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da Silva IF, Bragante WR, Junior RCM, Laurindo LF, Guiguer EL, Araújo AC, Fiorini AMR, Nicolau CCT, Oshiiwa M, de Lima EP, Barbalho SM, Silva LR. Effects of Smallanthus sonchifolius Flour on Metabolic Parameters: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:658. [PMID: 38794228 PMCID: PMC11125133 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Smallanthus sonchifolius, popularly known as yacon, is a member of the Asteraceae family. Due to its medicinal and edible value, yacon is consumed by different populations. Yacon is unique due to its high fructo-oligosaccharide and inulin content, as well as flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, and phenolic acids. Roots can be used to produce flour, which is less perishable and can be applied in various industrial products. This systematic review focuses on the effects of yacon flour on metabolic parameters. PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were consulted, and PRISMA guidelines were followed in the selection of the studies. In total, 526 articles were found in the databases, and of these, only 28 full texts were eligible for inclusion. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven studies were finally included. The results showed that the use of yacon flour can reduce glycemia, HbA1c, advanced glycation ends, plasma lipids, body fat mass, body weight, and waist circumference and improve intestinal microbiota and the antioxidant status. Further exploration of the effects of yacon flour is warranted, and additional clinical trials are necessary to determine the optimal daily consumption levels required to assist in improving metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Frazão da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wesley Rossi Bragante
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Cesar Moretti Junior
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília 17519-030, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana M. R. Fiorini
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia C. T. Nicolau
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie Oshiiwa
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enzo Pereira de Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- UNIMAR Charitable Hospital, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- SPRINT—Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Sant' Ana CT, Verediano TA, Grancieri M, Lopes Toledo RC, Costa NMB, Martino HSD, Barros FARD. Macauba ( Acrocomia aculeata) pulp oil has the potential to enhance the intestinal barrier morphology, goblet cell proliferation and gut microbiota composition in mice fed a high-fat diet. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:987-996. [PMID: 37955051 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) is a palm tree native from Brazil, whose pulp is rich in oil that has a high content of oleic acid and carotenoids. Macauba pulp oil can bring health benefits due to its bioactive compounds; however, its effects on gut health are unknown. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of macauba pulp oil on the intestinal health in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. Male C57BL1/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups (10 animals/group): control diet, HF diet and HF diet with 4 % of macauba pulp oil (HFM). Concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), faecal pH and histomorphometric analysis of the colon were performed. Content of colon samples was used on microbiome analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Animals from the HFM group had higher butyric acid content and goblet cells number, greater circular and longitudinal muscle layer and higher α-diversity compared with the HF group. Moreover, consumption of MPO reduced Desulfobacterota phylum, Ruminococcaceae, Oscillospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae family, Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, Ruminococcus and Enterorhabdus genus. Therefore, macauba pulp oil was able to modulate the gut microbiota and enhance intestinal barrier morphology, showing preventive effects on gut dysbiosis in mice fed a HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Tomaz Sant' Ana
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG36570-000, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Grancieri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Bevilacqua A, Campaniello D, Speranza B, Racioppo A, Sinigaglia M, Corbo MR. An Update on Prebiotics and on Their Health Effects. Foods 2024; 13:446. [PMID: 38338581 PMCID: PMC10855651 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prebiotic compounds were originally defined as "a nondigestible food ingredient that beneficially affects the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon, and thus improves host health"; however, a significant modulation of the definition was carried out in the consensus panel of The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP), and the last definition states that "prebiotics are substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit". Health effects of prebiotics compounds attracted the interest of researchers, food companies and Regulatory Agencies, as inferred by the number of articles on Scopus for the keywords "prebiotic" and "health effects", that is ca. 2000, for the period January 2021-January 2024. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to contribute to the debate on these topics by offering an overview of existing knowledge and advances in this field. A literature search was performed for the period 2012-2023 and after the selection of the most relevant items, the attention was focused on seven conditions for which at least 8-10 different studies were found, namely colorectal cancer, neurological or psychiatric conditions, intestinal diseases, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and immune system disorders. In addition, the analysis of the most recent articles through the software VosViewer version 1.6.20 pointed out the existence of five clusters or macro-categories, namely: (i) pathologies; (ii) metabolic condvitions; (iii) structure and use in food; (iv) immunomodulation; (v) effect on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Rosaria Corbo
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (D.C.); (B.S.); (A.R.); (M.S.)
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Zanardi KR, Grancieri M, Silva CW, Trivillin LO, Viana ML, Costa AGV, Costa NMB. Functional effects of yacon ( Smallanthus sonchifolius) and kefir on systemic inflammation, antioxidant activity, and intestinal microbiome in rats with induced colorectal cancer. Food Funct 2023; 14:9000-9017. [PMID: 37740322 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02599c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers with high morbidity and mortality. The modulation of intestinal health through the administration of pro- and prebiotics may be a viable alternative to reduce the risk of CRC. This study aimed to evaluate the functional effects of yacon and kefir, isolated or associated, in rats with colorectal cancer. Adult Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 8): HC (healthy control AIN-93M diet), CC (CCR + AIN-93M diet), Y (CCR + AIN-93 M + yacon diet), K (CCR + AIN-93-M + kefir diet) and YK (CCR + AIN-93 M + yacon + kefir diet). Colorectal carcinogenesis was induced in groups CC, Y, K, and YK with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (55 mg kg-1, subcutaneously) for 5 weeks. From the 6th week onwards, the experimental groups were fed the respective diets. In the 15th week, urine was collected for analysis of intestinal permeability and then the animals were euthanized. Yacon increased acetate levels, reduced pH and carcinogenic neoplastic lesions, and increased the abundance of bacteria related to the fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates, such as the genera Dorea, Collinsela, and Bifidobacteria. On the other hand, kefir increased macroscopic neoplastic lesions and increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Clostridium. The association of yacon + kefir increased the number of carcinogenic lesions, despite a reduction in pH and beneficial bacteria prevalence. Thus, it is concluded that yacon, unlikely kefir, is a promising alternative to mitigate the manifestations of induced carcinogenesis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila Rodrigues Zanardi
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Centre of Agricultural and Engineering Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES), Alto Universitário, Guararema, 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Grancieri
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Centre of Agricultural and Engineering Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES), Alto Universitário, Guararema, 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Caroline Woelffel Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Centre of Agricultural and Engineering Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES), Alto Universitário, Guararema, 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Trivillin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centre of Agricultural and Engineering Sciences, UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Mirelle Lomar Viana
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - André Gustavo Vasconcelos Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Centre of Agricultural and Engineering Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES), Alto Universitário, Guararema, 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Neuza Maria Brunoro Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Centre of Agricultural and Engineering Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES), Alto Universitário, Guararema, 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
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Gomes AF, Viana ML, Vaz-Tostes MDG, Costa NMB. Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) and kefir improved intestinal and bone health but without symbiotic benefits in rats. Nutr Res 2023; 118:85-93. [PMID: 37603903 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Kefir is a natural source of probiotics, and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a tuberous root rich in fructooligosaccharides, with prebiotic properties. We hypothesized that kefir and yacon can improve bone and intestinal health and that their synbiotic effects will enhance these benefits. The properties of yacon and kefir and their association were evaluated in the intestinal and bone health in rats. Forty Wistar male rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 10): control (C), kefir (K), yacon (Y), and yacon + kefir (YK) and received an AIN-93 M diet containing 50% of the daily recommendation of calcium for 42 days. Group K received 1 mL/day of kefir containing 10⁸ CFU/mL; group Y received yacon flour (5% fructooligosaccharides); and the YK group received the same treatment as the Y and K groups. Urine and feces were collected to determine the calcium balance. Serum biomarkers of bone formation and resorption, osteocalcin, N telopeptides of collagen type I and C-telopeptide of collagen type I, intraluminal pH, intestinal permeability, and secretory immunoglobulin A were evaluated. Yacon reduced intraluminal pH alone or in association with kefir (groups Y and YK). Yacon also improved intestinal permeability (lowered lactulose and mannitol excretion) and increased calcium balance and osteocalcin, a biomarker of bone formation. In turn, K improved immunity by increasing secretory immunoglobulin A secretion and reducing bone resorption biomarkers (C-telopeptide of collagen type I and N telopeptides of collagen type I). Thus, yacon and kefir had beneficial effects on intestinal and bone health; however, the association between them did not demonstrate a synbiotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamares Ferreira Gomes
- Food Science and Technology Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Mirelle Lomar Viana
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Neuza Maria Brunoro Costa
- Food Science and Technology Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil.
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Grancieri M, Viana ML, de Oliveira DF, Vaz Tostes MDG, Costa Ignacchiti MD, Costa AGV, Brunoro Costa NM. Yacon ( Smallanthus sonchifolius) Flour Reduces Inflammation and Had No Effects on Oxidative Stress and Endotoxemia in Wistar Rats with Induced Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3281. [PMID: 37513699 PMCID: PMC10383765 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer has a high worldwide incidence. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of yacon flour (YF) on oxidative stress, inflammation, and endotoxemia in rats with induced colorectal cancer (CRC). The Wistar male rats were divided and kept for 8 weeks in four groups: S (basal diet, n = 10), Y (YF flour + basal diet, n = 10), C (CRC-induced control + basal diet, n = 12), CY (CRC-induced animals + YF, n = 12). CRC was induced by intraperitoneal injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (25 mg/kg body weight). Groups Y and CY received 7.5% of the prebiotic FOS from YF. The treatment with YF increased fecal secretory immunoglobulin A levels and decreased lipopolysaccharides, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-12. However, no effect was observed on the oxidative stress by the total antioxidant capacity of plasma, anion superoxide, and nitric oxide analysis of the animals (p < 0.05). The short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate, and butyrate showed interactions with NF-κB, TLR4, iNOS, and NADPH oxidase by in silico analysis and had a correlation (by the Person analysis) with CRC markers. The yacon flour treatment reduced the inflammation in rats with induced CRC, and could be a promising food to reduce the damages caused by colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Grancieri
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Mirelle Lomar Viana
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Daniela Furtado de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Vaz Tostes
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Mariana Drummond Costa Ignacchiti
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - André Gustavo Vasconcelos Costa
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Neuza Maria Brunoro Costa
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
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Alemán MN, Sánchez SS, Honoré SM. Daily Intake of Smallanthus sonchifolius (Yacon) Roots Reduces the Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver in Rats Fed a High Fructose Diet. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:521-528. [PMID: 36048356 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-01009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-fructose diet is associated with an increased risk of dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through chronic inflammation. The present study aimed to elucidate the potential benefit of daily consumption of Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon) roots, rich in fructooligosaccharides (FOS), on the progression to liver fibrosis, in a rat model of NAFLD induced by a high-fructose diet. Male Wistar rats were fed a standard diet (CD, n = 6) or a standard diet plus 10% fructose solution (FD; n = 18). After 20 weeks, FD rats were randomly separated into the following groups (n = 6, each): FD; FD treated with yacon flour (340 mg FOS/body weight; FD + Y) and FD treated with fenofibrate (30 mg/kg body weight; FD + F), for 16 weeks. Daily intake of yacon flour significantly reduced body weight gain, plasma lipid levels, transaminase activities, and improved systemic insulin response in FD rats. In the liver, yacon treatment decreased fructose-induced steatosis and inflammation, and reduced total collagen deposition (64%). Also, yacon decreased TGF-β1 mRNA expression (78%), followed by decreased nuclear localization of p-Smad2/3 in liver tissue. Yacon significantly reduced the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Col1α1, and Col3α1 mRNAs (85, 44, and 47%, respectively), inhibiting the activation of resident hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). These results suggested that yacon roots have the potential to ameliorate liver damage caused by long-term consumption of a high-fructose diet, being a promising nutritional strategy in NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Nicolás Alemán
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri" Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia- Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sara Serafina Sánchez
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Stella Maris Honoré
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
- Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri" Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia- Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
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10
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The crosstalk of the human microbiome in breast and colon cancer: A metabolomics analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 176:103757. [PMID: 35809795 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome's role in colon and breast cancer is described in this review. Understanding how the human microbiome and metabolomics interact with breast and colon cancer is the chief area of this study. First, the role of the gut and distal microbiome in breast and colon cancer is investigated, and the direct relationship between microbial dysbiosis and breast and colon cancer is highlighted. This work also focuses on the many metabolomic techniques used to locate prospective biomarkers, make an accurate diagnosis, and research new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. This review clarifies the influence of anti-tumor medications on the microbiota and the proactive measures that can be taken to treat cancer using a variety of therapies, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, next-generation biotherapeutics, gene-based therapy, integrated omics technology, and machine learning.
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Sant’Ana CT, Amorim ADD, Gava AP, Aguilar CM, Silva NG, Machado LD, Viana ML, Oliveira DDS, Silva PI, Costa NMB, Costa AGV. Brown and golden flaxseed reduce intestinal permeability and endotoxemia, and improve the lipid profile in perimenopausal overweight women. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:829-840. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2052820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Tomaz Sant’Ana
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Center of Agricultural and Engineering Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ariane Dias de Amorim
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Center of Agricultural and Engineering Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gava
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Center of Agricultural and Engineering Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla Mora Aguilar
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Center of Agricultural and Engineering Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nayana Garcia Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Center of Agricultural and Engineering Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Alegre, Brazil
| | - Líllian Duarte Machado
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, UFES, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mirelle Lomar Viana
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, UFES, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniela da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, UFES, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna Ibrahim Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Center of Agricultural and Engineering Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Agricultural and Engineering Sciences, UFES, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Neuza Maria Brunoro Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Center of Agricultural and Engineering Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, UFES, Alegre, Brazil
| | - André Gustavo Vasconcelos Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Center of Agricultural and Engineering Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, UFES, Alegre, Brazil
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Kocot AM, Jarocka-Cyrta E, Drabińska N. Overview of the Importance of Biotics in Gut Barrier Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052896. [PMID: 35270039 PMCID: PMC8911280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased gut permeability is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of a growing number of disorders. The altered intestinal barrier and the subsequent translocation of bacteria or bacterial products into the internal milieu of the human body induce the inflammatory state. Gut microbiota maintains intestinal epithelium integrity. Since dysbiosis contributes to increased gut permeability, the interventions that change the gut microbiota and correct dysbiosis are suggested to also restore intestinal barrier function. In this review, the current knowledge on the role of biotics (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics) in maintaining the intestinal barrier function is summarized. The potential outcome of the results from in vitro and animal studies is presented, and the need for further well-designed randomized clinical trials is highlighted. Moreover, we indicate the need to understand the mechanisms by which biotics regulate the function of the intestinal barrier. This review is concluded with the future direction and requirement of studies involving biotics and gut barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Maria Kocot
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Jarocka-Cyrta
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, Regional Specialized Children’s Hospital, Żołnierska St. 18A, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Natalia Drabińska
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Influence of Smallanthus sonchifolius (Yacon) on the Activity of Antidepressant Drugs in Mice. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111117. [PMID: 34832993 PMCID: PMC8624190 DOI: 10.3390/life11111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the world that negatively affects the daily functioning of patients. Numerous studies are currently being conducted to examine the antidepressant potential of innovative synthetic compounds and herbal substances. Yacon, Smallantchus sonchifolius, belongs to plants with numerous health-beneficial properties. Yacon-based products are regarded as a functional food. In our study, we attempted to check whether administration of Yacon tuber extract would have an antidepressant effect in the forced swim test (FST) in mice and whether its intake could influence the activity of conventional antidepressant drugs with different mechanisms of action, i.e., imipramine hydrochloride, fluoxetine hydrochloride, and reboxetine mesylate. The spontaneous locomotor activity of the tested mice was also investigated to eliminate any false-positive results. We demonstrated that an intragastric administration of the Yacon tuber extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg induced the antidepressant-like behavior in the FST in mice and that a combined administration of the sub-effective doses of the Yacon extract (50 mg/kg) with imipramine hydrochloride (7.5 mg/kg), fluoxetine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg), or reboxetine mesylate (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the immobility time of animals in this behavioral test. The obtained results were not affected by the increased locomotor activity of the tested subjects. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Yacon tuber extract is promising as an alternative mood-improving product since it possesses an antidepressant potential and it can acts synergistically with conventional antidepressant drugs.
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Reis FR, Marques C, Moraes ACSD, Masson ML. Effect of processing methods on yacon roots health-promoting compounds and related properties. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Preventing Colorectal Cancer through Prebiotics. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061325. [PMID: 34207094 PMCID: PMC8234836 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer in the world, has been recently rising in emerging countries due to environmental and lifestyle factors. Many of these factors are brought up by industrialization, which includes lack of physical activity, poor diet, circadian rhythm disruption, and increase in alcohol consumption. They can increase the risk of CRC by changing the colonic environment and by altering gut microbiota composition, a state referred to as gut dysbiosis. Prebiotics, which are nutrients that can help maintain intestinal microbial homeostasis and mitigate dysbiosis, could be beneficial in preventing inflammation and CRC. These nutrients can hinder the effects of dysbiosis by encouraging the growth of beneficial bacteria involved in short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production, anti-inflammatory immunity, maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier, pro-apoptotic mechanisms, and other cellular mechanisms. This review aims to summarize recent reports about the implication of prebiotics, and probable mechanisms, in the prevention and treatment of CRC. Various experimental studies, specifically in gut microbiome, have effectively demonstrated the protective effect of prebiotics in the progress of CRC. Hence, comprehensive knowledge is urgent to understand the clinical applications of prebiotics in the prevention or treatment of CRC.
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Cruz BCDS, de Sousa Moraes LF, De Nadai Marcon L, Dias KA, Murad LB, Sarandy MM, Conceição LLD, Gonçalves RV, Ferreira CLDLF, Peluzio MDCG. Evaluation of the efficacy of probiotic VSL#3 and synbiotic VSL#3 and yacon-based product in reducing oxidative stress and intestinal permeability in mice induced to colorectal carcinogenesis. J Food Sci 2021; 86:1448-1462. [PMID: 33761141 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic VSL#3 isolated or associated with a yacon-based product (synbiotic) on oxidative stress modulation and intestinal permeability in an experimental model of colorectal carcinogenesis. Forty-five C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: control (standard diet AIN-93 M); probiotic (standard diet AIN-93 M and multispecies probiotic VSL#3, 2.25 × 109 CFU), and synbiotic (standard diet AIN-93 M with yacon-based product, 6% fructooligosaccharides and inulin, and probiotic VSL#3, 2.25 × 109 CFU). The experimental diets were provided for 13 weeks. The probiotic and the yacon-based product showed antioxidant activity, with the percentage of DPPH radical scavenging equal to 69.7 ± 0.4% and 74.3 ± 0.1%, respectively. These findings contributed to reduce hepatic oxidative stress: the control group showed higher concentration of malondialdehyde (1.8-fold, p = 0.007 and 1.5-fold, p = 0.035) and carbonylated protein (2-fold, p = 0.008 and 5.6-fold, p = 0.000) compared to the probiotic and synbiotic groups, respectively. Catalase enzyme activity increased 1.43-fold (p = 0.014) in synbiotic group. The crypt depth increased 1.2-fold and 1.4-fold with the use of probiotic and synbiotic, respectively, compared to the control diet (p = 0.000). These findings corroborate the reduction in intestinal permeability in the probiotic and synbiotic groups, as measured by the percentage of urinary lactulose excretion (CON: 0.93 ± 0.62% × PRO: 0.44 ± 0.05%, p = 0.048; and CON: 0.93 ± 0.62% × SYN: 0.41 ± 0.12%, p = 0.043). In conclusion, the probiotic and synbiotic showed antioxidant activity, which contributed to the reduction of oxidative stress markers. In addition, they protected the mucosa from damage caused by chemical carcinogen and reduced intestinal permeability. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The relationship between intestinal health and the occurrence of various organic disorders has been demonstrated in many studies. The use of probiotics and prebiotics is currently one of the main targets for modulation of intestinal health. We demonstrated that the use of a commercial mix of probiotic bacteria (VSL#3) isolated or associated with a yacon-based prebiotic, rich in fructooligosaccharides and inulin, is able to reduce the oxidative stress and intestinal permeability in a colorectal carcinogenesis model. These compounds have great potential to be used as a food supplement, or as ingredients in the development of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Cristina Dos Santos Cruz
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando de Sousa Moraes
- Experimental and Dietetic Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition - Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Letícia De Nadai Marcon
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kelly Aparecida Dias
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Mariáurea Matias Sarandy
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Lopes da Conceição
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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