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Kupczyński R, Pacyga K, Lewandowska K, Bednarski M, Szumny A. Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids as Biomarkers of Rumen Fermentation. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1706. [PMID: 38891752 PMCID: PMC11171151 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk and dairy products are the primary sources of OBCFAs, which have beneficial health properties. The goal of this study was to identify the factors that influence the content of OBCFAs in cow's milk and to indicate which OBCFAs can serve as biomarkers for fermentation processes. The content of OBCFAs in milk depends on the species of ruminants, with studies showing that this varies between 3.33% (in goat's milk) and 5.02% (in buffalo's milk). These differences also stem from the animals' energy balance, lactation phases, forage-to-concentrate ratio, and the presence of bioactive compounds in feeds, as well as management practices and environmental conditions. The OBCFAs in milk fat mainly come from rumen bacteria, but can also be synthesized de novo in the mammary gland, making them potentially useful noninvasive indicators of rumen fermentation. The concentration of BCFA is lower in colostrum and transitional milk than in full lactation milk. The proportions of total OBCFAs are higher in first- and second-parity cows. The most effective predictors of the biohydrogenation of fatty acids in the rumen are likely C18:2 cis-9, trans-11, iso-C16:0, and iso-C13:0. OBCFAs have been identified as potential biomarkers for rumen function, because their synthesis depends on specific bacteria. Strong predictors of subclinical ruminal acidosis include iso-C14:0, iso-C13:0, and C15:0. The concentration of ∑ OBCFA >C16 in milk is associated with fat mobilization and serves as a significant marker of the energy balance in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kupczyński
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38c Chelmonskiego St., 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.P.); (K.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Pacyga
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38c Chelmonskiego St., 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.P.); (K.L.)
| | - Kamila Lewandowska
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38c Chelmonskiego St., 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.P.); (K.L.)
| | - Michał Bednarski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Bird and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, 47 Grunwaldzki Sq., 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Effects of partial substitution of grain by agroindustrial byproducts and sunflower seed supplementation in beef haylage-based finisher diets on growth, in vitro methane production and carcass and meat quality. Meat Sci 2022; 188:108782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Barragán-Hernández W, Mahecha-Ledesma L, Burgos-Paz W, Olivera-Angel M, Angulo-Arizala J. Using near-infrared spectroscopy to determine intramuscular fat and fatty acids of beef applying different prediction approaches. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5939743. [PMID: 33099624 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to predict fat and fatty acids (FA) contents in beef using near-infrared spectroscopy and prediction models based on partial least squares (PLS) and support vector machine regression in radial kernel (R-SVR). Fat and FA were assessed in 200 longissimus thoracis samples, and spectra were collected in reflectance mode from ground meat. The analyses were performed for PLS and R-SVR with and without wavelength selection based on genetic algorithms (GAs). The GA application improved the error prediction by 15% and 68% for PLS and R-SVR, respectively. Models based on GA plus R-SMV showed a prediction ability for fat and FA with an average coefficient of determination of 0.92 and ratio performance deviation of 4.8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Barragán-Hernández
- Red de Ganadería y Especies Menores, Centro de Investigación El Nus, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), San Roque, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Liliana Mahecha-Ledesma
- Facultad de ciencias agrarias, Grupo de investigación en ciencias animales-GRICA, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - William Burgos-Paz
- Red de Ganadería y Especies Menores, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Martha Olivera-Angel
- Facultad de ciencias agrarias, Grupo de investigación Biogénesis, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Joaquín Angulo-Arizala
- Facultad de ciencias agrarias, Grupo de investigación en ciencias animales-GRICA, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Engelke SW, Daş G, Derno M, Tuchscherer A, Wimmers K, Rychlik M, Kienberger H, Berg W, Kuhla B, Metges CC. Methane prediction based on individual or groups of milk fatty acids for dairy cows fed rations with or without linseed. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:1788-1802. [PMID: 30594371 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Milk fatty acids (MFA) are a proxy for the prediction of CH4 emission from cows, and prediction differs with diet. Our objectives were (1) to compare the effect of diets on the relation between MFA profile and measured CH4 production, (2) to predict CH4 production based on 6 data sets differing in the number and type of MFA, and (3) to test whether additional inclusion of energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield or dry matter intake (DMI) as explanatory variables improves predictions. Twenty dairy cows were used. Four diets were used based on corn silage (CS) or grass silage (GS) without (L0) or with linseed (LS) supplementation. Ten cows were fed CS-L0 and CS-LS and the other 10 cows were fed GS-L0 and GS-LS in random order. In feeding wk 5 of each diet, CH4 production (L/d) was measured in respiration chambers for 48 h and milk was analyzed for MFA concentrations by gas chromatography. Specific CH4 prediction equations were obtained for L0-, LS-, GS-, and CS-based diets and for all 4 diets collectively and validated by an internal cross-validation. Models were developed containing either 43 identified MFA or a reduced set of 7 groups of biochemically related MFA plus C16:0 and C18:0. The CS and LS diets reduced CH4 production compared with GS and L0 diets, respectively. Methane yield (L/kg of DMI) reduction by LS was higher with CS than GS diets. The concentrations of C18:1 trans and n-3 MFA differed among GS and CS diets. The LS diets resulted in a higher proportion of unsaturated MFA at the expense of saturated MFA. When using the data set of 43 individual MFA to predict CH4 production (L/d), the cross-validation coefficient of determination (R2CV) ranged from 0.47 to 0.92. When using groups of MFA variables, the R2CV ranged from 0.31 to 0.84. The fit parameters of the latter models were improved by inclusion of ECM or DMI, but not when added to the data set of 43 MFA for all diets pooled. Models based on GS diets always had a lower prediction potential (R2CV = 0.31 to 0.71) compared with data from CS diets (R2CV = 0.56 to 0.92). Models based on LS diets produced lower prediction with data sets with reduced MFA variables (R2CV = 0.62 to 0.68) compared with L0 diets (R2CV = 0.67 to 0.80). The MFA C18:1 cis-9 and C24:0 and the monounsaturated FA occurred most often in models. In conclusion, models with a reduced number of MFA variables and ECM or DMI are suitable for CH4 prediction, and CH4 prediction equations based on diets containing linseed resulted in lower prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie W Engelke
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Gürbüz Daş
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Derno
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Hermine Kienberger
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Werner Berg
- Department of Technology Assessment and Substance Cycles, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Björn Kuhla
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Nutritional Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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Reyer H, Oster M, Magowan E, Muráni E, Sauerwein H, Dannenberger D, Kuhla B, Ponsuksili S, Wimmers K. Feed-efficient pigs exhibit molecular patterns allowing a timely circulation of hormones and nutrients. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:726-734. [PMID: 29906208 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00021.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Feed efficiency (FE) is a measure of the rate between feed intake and body weight gain and is subject to constant progress in pigs, based on extensive performance tests and analyses of physiological parameters. However, endocrine regulatory circuits that comprise the sensation and perception of intrinsic requirements and appropriate systemic responses have not yet been fully elucidated. It is hypothesized that the gut-brain axis, which is a network of hierarchical anterior regulatory tissues, contributes largely to variations in FE. Therefore, full-sib pigs with extreme residual feed intake values were assigned to experimental groups of high and low FE. Relevant hormones, minerals, and metabolites including fatty acid profiles were analyzed in serum to assess postprandial conditions. Transcriptome profiles were deduced from intestinal (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and neuroendocrine tissues (hypothalamus). Serum analyses of feed-efficient animals showed an increased content of the incretin GIP, calcium, magnesium, β-hydroxybutyric acid, and fat compared with low-FE pigs. Complementary expression profiles in intestinal tissues indicate a modulated permeability and host-microbe interaction in FE-divergent pigs. Transcriptomic analyses of the hypothalamus showed that differences between the FE groups in appetite and satiety regulation are less pronounced. However, hypothalamic abundance of transcripts like ADCY7, LHCGR, and SLC2A7 and molecular signatures in local and systemic tissue sites indicate that increased allocation and circulation of energy equivalents, minerals, and hormones are promoted in feed-efficient animals. Overall, patterns of gastrointestinal hormones and gene expression profiles identified host-microbiota interaction, intestinal permeability, feed intake regulation, and energy expenditure as potential mechanisms affecting FE in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Reyer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Oster
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | - Eduard Muráni
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Helga Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene, University of Bonn , Germany
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Björn Kuhla
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock , Rostock , Germany
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Abstract
The nutritional value of meat is an increasingly important factor influencing consumer preferences for poultry, red meat and processed meat products. Intramuscular fat content and composition, in addition to high quality protein, trace minerals and vitamins are important determinants of nutritional value. Fat content of meat at retail has decreased substantially over the past 40 years through advances in animal genetics, nutrition and management and changes in processing techniques. Evidence of the association between diet and the incidence of human non-communicable diseases has driven an interest in developing production systems for lowering total SFA and trans fatty acid (TFA) content and enrichment of n-3 PUFA concentrations in meat and meat products. Typically, poultry and pork has a lower fat content, containing higher PUFA and lower TFA concentrations than lamb or beef. Animal genetics, nutrition and maturity, coupled with their rumen microbiome, are the main factors influencing tissue lipid content and relative proportions of SFA, MUFA and PUFA. Altering the fatty acid (FA) profile of lamb and beef is determined to a large extent by extensive plant and microbial lipolysis and subsequent microbial biohydrogenation of dietary lipid in the rumen, and one of the major reasons explaining the differences in lipid composition of meat from monogastrics and ruminants. Nutritional strategies can be used to align the fat content and FA composition of poultry, pork, lamb and beef with Public Health Guidelines for lowering the social and economic burden of chronic disease.
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Engel KM, Schiller J, Müller K, Dannenberger D, Jakop U. The Phospholipid Composition of Kangaroo Spermatozoa Verified by Mass Spectrometric Lipid Analysis. Lipids 2017; 52:857-869. [PMID: 28801719 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of kangaroo sperm has not been successful so far, and yet there is no promising cryopreservation protocol for these cells available. However, conservation of gametes is extremely important, particularly in the context of preserving endangered species. As spermatozoa are comprised of different membrane systems, the composition of these membranes might account for difficulties in cryopreservation. Lipids, as the main components, affect the physical properties of biological membranes and play a major role in sperm maturation. Therefore, knowledge of the lipid composition is crucial for any further step toward the preservation of the species. We used MALDI-TOF, ESI-IT, tandem mass spectrometry, and thin layer chromatography to investigate the lipid composition of epididymal spermatozoa of four different kangaroo species. Spectra of these species were very similar with respect to the identified lipid species. Tremendous changes in the lipid composition during the transit of sperm from caput to cauda epididymis could be seen, specifically an increase in poly-unsaturated fatty acids, ether lipids, and plasmalogens, as well as a reduction in mono- and di-unsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, phosphatidylcholines containing docosatrienoic acid (22:3), a heretofore unknown fatty acid for sperm membranes, showed the highest abundance in kangaroo sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M Engel
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16/18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16/18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karin Müller
- Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Function of Bioactive Lipids Unit, Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Willhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike Jakop
- Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
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Strategies towards Improved Feed Efficiency in Pigs Comprise Molecular Shifts in Hepatic Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081674. [PMID: 28763040 PMCID: PMC5578064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the central role of liver tissue in partitioning and metabolizing of nutrients, molecular liver-specific alterations are of considerable interest to characterize an efficient conversion and usage of feed in livestock. To deduce tissue-specific and systemic effects on nutrient metabolism and feed efficiency (FE) twenty-four animals with extreme phenotypes regarding residual feed intake (RFI) were analyzed. Transcriptome and fatty acid profiles of liver tissue were complemented with measurements on blood parameters and thyroid hormone levels. Based on 803 differentially-abundant probe sets between low- and high-FE animals, canonical pathways like integrin signaling and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, were shown to be affected. Molecular alterations of lipid metabolism show a pattern of a reduced hepatic usage of fatty acids in high-FE animals. Complementary analyses at the systemic level exclusively pointed to increased circulating triglycerides which were, however, accompanied by considerably lower concentrations of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the liver of high-FE pigs. These results are in accordance with altered muscle-to-fat ratios usually ascribed to FE animals. It is concluded that strategies to improve FE might favor a metabolic shift from energy storage towards energy utilization and mobilization.
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A High-Resolution NMR Approach Combined to MALDI-TOF-MS to Estimate the Positional Distribution of Acyl-Linked Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Triacylglycerols. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Schiavon S, Cesaro G, Cecchinato A, Cipolat-Gotet C, Tagliapietra F, Bittante G. The influence of dietary nitrogen reduction and conjugated linoleic acid supply to dairy cows on fatty acids in milk and their transfer to ripened cheese. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8759-8778. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Hanuš O, Křížová L, Samková E, Špička J, Kučera J, Klimešová M, Roubal P, Jedelská R. The effect of cattle breed, season and type of diet on the fatty acid profile
of raw milk. Arch Anim Breed 2016. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-59-373-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of cow breed, season and type of diet on the fatty acid (FA) profile of raw milk. A 2-year study was conducted on bulk milk samples collected from eight herds consisting of Czech Fleckvieh (CF, four herds) and Holstein (H, four herds) breeds. One half of the herds of each breed was grazed (G), while the other half was not (N). Samples were collected twice in winter (W) and twice in summer (S). Milk yield in CF (5385.50 kg) was lower than in H (7015.15 kg, P < 0.05). The effect of breed was found in odd-chain, branch-chain and hypercholesterolemic FAs (P < 0.05). The content of fat was lower in summer (S) than in winter (W), being 3.71 and 3.91 g 100 g−1, respectively (P < 0.05). The proportion of saturated and polyunsaturated FAs was lower in S than in W (P < 0.05). The content of monounsaturated FAs was higher in S (30.69 g 100 g−1) than in W (27.72 g 100 g−1, P < 0.05). Milk yield in grazing herds (G, 5197.50 kg) was lower (P < 0.05) than in non-grazing herds (N, 7203.75 kg). The sum of saturated and hypercholesterolemic FAs was lower and the sum of monounsaturated and odd-chain FAs was higher in G than in N (P < 0.05). Content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and C18:3n3 was higher in G (0.93 and 0.64 g 100 g−1) than in N (0.42 and 0.39 g 100 g−1, respectively, P < 0.001).
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Suksombat W, Thanh LP, Meeprom C, Mirattanaphrai R. Effect of linseed oil supplementation on performance and milk fatty acid composition in dairy cows. Anim Sci J 2016; 87:1545-1553. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wisitiporn Suksombat
- School of Animal Production Technology; Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology; Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand
| | - Lam Phuoc Thanh
- Department of Animal Sciences; College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University; Can Tho city Viet Nam
| | - Chayapol Meeprom
- School of Animal Production Technology; Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology; Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand
| | - Rattakorn Mirattanaphrai
- School of Animal Production Technology; Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology; Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand
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Mapiye C, Vahmani P, Mlambo V, Muchenje V, Dzama K, Hoffman L, Dugan M. The trans-octadecenoic fatty acid profile of beef: Implications for global food and nutrition security. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tao H, Chang G, Xu T, Zhao H, Zhang K, Shen X. Feeding a High Concentrate Diet Down-Regulates Expression of ACACA, LPL and SCD and Modifies Milk Composition in Lactating Goats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130525. [PMID: 26086219 PMCID: PMC4472775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High concentrate diets are fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants to meet the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry. The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. Eight mid-lactating goats with rumen fistula were randomly assigned into a high concentrate diet (HCD) group and low concentrate diet (LCD) group. High concentrate diet feeding significantly increased lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in plasma and decreased milk fat content, vaccenic acid (VA) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk of the lactating goats. The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. DNA methylation rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) was elevated and decreased, and SCD mRNA and protein expression was reduced significantly in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. In conclusion, feeding a high concentrate diet to lactating goats decreases milk fat and reduced expression of SCD in the mammary gland, which finally induced cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guangjun Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tianle Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huajian Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Suksombat W, Thanh LP, Meeprom C, Mirattanaphrai R. Effects of linseed oil or whole linseed supplementation on performance and milk Fatty Acid composition of lactating dairy cows. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:951-9. [PMID: 25050036 PMCID: PMC4093560 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of linseed oil or whole linseed supplementation on performance and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows. Thirty six Holstein Friesian crossbred lactating dairy cows were blocked by milking days first and then stratified random balanced for milk yields and body weight into three groups of 12 cows each. The treatments consisted of basal ration (53:47; forage:concentrate ratio, on a dry matter [DM] basis, respectively) supplemented with 300 g/d of palm oil as a positive control diet (PO), or supplemented with 300 g/d of linseed oil (LSO), or supplemented with 688 g/d of top-dressed whole linseed (WLS). All cows were received ad libitum grass silage and individually fed according to the treatments. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks including the first 2 weeks as the adjustment period, followed by 8 weeks of measurement period. The results showed that LSO and WLS supplementation had no effects on total dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, and live weight change; however, the animals fed WLS had higher crude protein (CP) intake than those fed PO and LSO (p<0.05). To compare with the control diet, dairy cow’s diets supplemented with LSO and WLS significantly increased milk concentrations of cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (p<0.05) and n-3 fatty acids (FA) (p<0.01), particularly, cis-9,12,15-C18:3, C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3. Supplementing LSO and WLS induced a reduction of medium chain FA, especially, C12:0-C16:0 FA (p<0.05) while increasing the concentration of milk unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) (p<0.05). Milk FA proportions of n-3 FA remarkably increased whereas the ratio of n-6 to n-3 decreased in the cows supplemented with WLS as compared with those fed the control diet and LSO (p<0.01). In conclusion, supplementing dairy cows’ diet based on grass silage with WLS had no effect on milk yield and milk composition; however, trans-9- C18:1, cis-9, trans-11-CLA, n-3 FA and UFA were increased while saturated FA were decreased by WLS supplementation. Therefore, it is recommended that the addition 300 g/d of oil from whole linseed should be used to lactating dairy cows’ diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisitiporn Suksombat
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Lam Phuoc Thanh
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Chayapol Meeprom
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Rattakorn Mirattanaphrai
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 10000, Viet Nam
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Scollan ND, Dannenberger D, Nuernberg K, Richardson I, MacKintosh S, Hocquette JF, Moloney AP. Enhancing the nutritional and health value of beef lipids and their relationship with meat quality. Meat Sci 2014; 97:384-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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17
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Fatty acid profiles and adipogenic gene expression of various fat depots in Japanese Black and Holstein steers. Meat Sci 2013; 96:157-64. [PMID: 23896150 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective of the study was to assess the breed effect on fatty acid (FA) composition of different adipose tissues and on mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and fat metabolism. Japanese Black (JB) and Holstein (HS) steers were kept under equivalent conditions with high energy intake resulting in large differences in intramuscular fat (IMF) accumulation in longissimus muscle (LM). The relative FA composition of muscle, intermuscular fat, visceral fat, and perirenal fat was comparable between JB and HS steers. Circulating fatty acids were also similar in both breeds. Most relevant breed effects were identified in IMF, underlining the uniqueness of this adipose tissue site. JB steers had more monounsaturated FA and less saturated FA. Perilipin 1 and adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP) mRNA levels were higher in IMF of JB. The results suggest advanced maturity of IMF cells in JB and altered local conditions in muscle influencing IMF accumulation and composition.
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18
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Moeller R, Nuernberg K, Schmitt AO, Brockmann GA. Relationship between hair fatty acid profile, reproduction, and milk performance in Holstein Friesian cows. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:1669-76. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Moeller
- Department for Crop and Animal Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Nuernberg
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A. O. Schmitt
- Department for Crop and Animal Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bozen, Italy
| | - G. A. Brockmann
- Department for Crop and Animal Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Conlon LE, King RD, Moran NE, Erdman JW. Coconut oil enhances tomato carotenoid tissue accumulation compared to safflower oil in the Mongolian gerbil ( Meriones unguiculatus ). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8386-8394. [PMID: 22866697 DOI: 10.1021/jf301902k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats facilitate greater absorption of carotenoids than saturated fats. However, the comparison of consuming a polyunsaturated fat source versus a saturated fat source on tomato carotenoid bioaccumulation has not been examined. The goal of this study was to determine the influence of coconut oil and safflower oil on tomato carotenoid tissue accumulation in Mongolian gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus ) fed a 20% fat diet. Coconut oil feeding increased carotenoid concentrations among many compartments including total carotenoids in the serum (p = 0.0003), adrenal glandular phytoene (p = 0.04), hepatic phytofluene (p = 0.0001), testicular all-trans-lycopene (p = 0.01), and cis-lycopene (p = 0.006) in the prostate-seminal vesicle complex compared to safflower oil. Safflower oil-fed gerbils had greater splenic lycopene concentrations (p = 0.006) compared to coconut oil-fed gerbils. Coconut oil feeding increased serum cholesterol (p = 0.0001) and decreased hepatic cholesterol (p = 0.0003) compared to safflower oil. In summary, coconut oil enhanced tissue uptake of tomato carotenoids to a greater degree than safflower oil. These results may have been due to the large proportion of medium-chain fatty acids in coconut oil, which might have caused a shift in cholesterol flux to favor extrahepatic carotenoid tissue deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Conlon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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