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Thompson JB, Döring TF, Bowles TM, Kolb S, Bellingrath-Kimura SD, Reckling M. Seasonal soil health dynamics in soy-wheat relay intercropping. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18989. [PMID: 39160252 PMCID: PMC11333471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in intercropping as a practice to increase productivity per unit area and ecosystem functioning in agricultural systems. Relay intercropping with soy and winter wheat may benefit soil health due to increased diversity and longer undisturbed soil cover, yet this remains largely unstudied. Using a field experiment in Eastern Germany, we studied the temporal dynamics of chemical, biological, and physical indicators of soil health in the topsoil over a year of cultivation to detect early effects of soy-wheat relay intercropping compared to sole cropping. Indicators included microbial abundance, permanganate-oxidizable carbon, carbon fractions, pH, and water infiltration. Relay intercropping showed no unique soil health benefits compared to sole cropping, likely affected by drought that stressed intercropped soy. Relay intercropping did, however, maintain several properties of both sole crops including an increased MAOM C:N ratio and higher soil water infiltration. The MAOM C:N ratio increased by 4.2 and 6.2% in intercropping and sole soy and decreased by 5% in sole wheat. Average near-saturated soil water infiltration rates were 12.6, 14.9, and 6.0 cm hr-1 for intercropping, sole wheat, and sole soy, respectively. Cropping system did not consistently affect other indicators but we found temporal patterns of these indicators, showing their sensitivity to external changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Thompson
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
- Faculty of Life Science, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas F Döring
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Agroecology and Organic Farming, University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timothy M Bowles
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Steffen Kolb
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Sonoko D Bellingrath-Kimura
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
- Faculty of Life Science, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Reckling
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
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Ithurbide M, Wang H, Fassier T, Li Z, Pires J, Larsen T, Cao J, Rupp R, Friggens NC. Multivariate analysis of milk metabolite measures shows potential for deriving new resilience phenotypes. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8072-8086. [PMID: 37268569 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In a context of growing interest in breeding more resilient animals, a noninvasive indicator of resilience would be very valuable. We hypothesized that the time-course of concentrations of several milk metabolites through a short-term underfeeding challenge could reflect the variation of resilience mechanisms to such a challenge. We submitted 138 one-year-old primiparous goats, selected for extreme functional longevity (i.e., productive longevity corrected for milk yield [60 low longevity line goats and 78 high longevity line goats]), to a 2-d underfeeding challenge during early lactation. We measured the concentration of 13 milk metabolites and the activity of 1 enzyme during prechallenge, challenge, and recovery periods. Functional principal component analysis summarized the trends of milk metabolite concentration over time efficiently without preliminary assumptions concerning the shapes of the curves. We first ran a supervised prediction of the longevity line of the goats based on the milk metabolite curves. The partial least square analysis could not predict the longevity line accurately. We thus decided to explore the large overall variability of milk metabolite curves with an unsupervised clustering. The large year × facility effect on the metabolite concentrations was precorrected for. This resulted in 3 clusters of goats defined by different metabolic responses to underfeeding. The cluster that showed higher β-hydroxybutyrate, cholesterol, and triacylglycerols increase during the underfeeding challenge was associated with poorer survival compared with the other 2 clusters. These results suggest that multivariate analysis of noninvasive milk measures show potential for deriving new resilience phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ithurbide
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, Castanet Tolosan, France 31326.
| | - H Wang
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - T Fassier
- Domaine de Bourges, INRAE, Osmoy, France 78910
| | - Z Li
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - J Pires
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Vetagro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France 63122
| | - T Larsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - J Cao
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - R Rupp
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, Castanet Tolosan, France 31326
| | - N C Friggens
- UMR 0791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France
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Shi Y, Khan IUH, Radford D, Guo G, Sunohara M, Craiovan E, Lapen DR, Pham P, Chen W. Core and conditionally rare taxa as indicators of agricultural drainage ditch and stream health and function. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:62. [PMID: 36882680 PMCID: PMC9990217 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The freshwater microbiome regulates aquatic ecological functionality, nutrient cycling, pathogenicity, and has the capacity to dissipate and regulate pollutants. Agricultural drainage ditches are ubiquitous in regions where field drainage is necessary for crop productivity, and as such, are first-line receptors of agricultural drainage and runoff. How bacterial communities in these systems respond to environmental and anthropogenic stressors are not well understood. In this study, we carried out a three year study in an agriculturally dominated river basin in eastern Ontario, Canada to explore the spatial and temporal dynamics of the core and conditionally rare taxa (CRT) of the instream bacterial communities using a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing approach. Water samples were collected from nine stream and drainage ditch sites that represented the influence of a range of upstream land uses. RESULTS The cross-site core and CRT accounted for 5.6% of the total number of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), yet represented, on average, over 60% of the heterogeneity of the overall bacterial community; hence, well reflected the spatial and temporal microbial dynamics in the water courses. The contribution of core microbiome to the overall community heterogeneity represented the community stability across all sampling sites. CRT was primarily composed of functional taxa involved in nitrogen (N) cycling and was linked to nutrient loading, water levels, and flow, particularly in the smaller agricultural drainage ditches. Both the core and the CRT were sensitive responders to changes in hydrological conditions. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that core and CRT can be considered as holistic tools to explore the temporal and spatial variations of the aquatic microbial community and can be used as sensitive indicators of the health and function of agriculturally dominated water courses. This approach also reduces computational complexity in relation to analyzing the entire microbial community for such purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Shi
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Izhar U H Khan
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Devon Radford
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Galen Guo
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mark Sunohara
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Emilia Craiovan
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David R Lapen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Phillip Pham
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 9A7, Canada
| | - Wen Chen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Canada. .,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 9A7, Canada.
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WILDLIFE HEALTH AND THE NORTH AMERICAN MODEL OF WILDLIFE CONSERVATION. J Zoo Wildl Med 2022; 53:493-503. [DOI: 10.1638/2021-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Pandemiebedingte Belastungserfahrungen, Ressourcen und depressive Stimmungen von Studierenden am Ende des Online-Wintersemesters 2020/21. PRÄVENTION UND GESUNDHEITSFÖRDERUNG 2022. [PMCID: PMC9084262 DOI: 10.1007/s11553-022-00949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Studierende zählen weltweit zu einer vulnerablen Gruppe, welche überdurchschnittlich zu depressiven Störungen neigt. Empirische Untersuchungen zeigen auch, dass depressive Stimmungen unter Studierenden deutlich zugenommen haben, während der COVID-19-Pandemie („coronavirus disease 2019“). Fragestellung Das Ziel des Artikels ist zu untersuchen, ob die pandemiebedingten Belastungserfahrungen im Zusammenhang mit der depressiven Stimmung der Studierenden stehen. Darüber hinaus wird analysiert, ob Resilienz, Coping und soziale Unterstützung als Ressourcen mit den depressiven Stimmungen von Studierenden assoziiert sind. Dabei soll geklärt werden, welche Ressourcen den Zusammenhang zwischen den pandemiebedingten Belastungserfahrungen und der depressiven Stimmung von Studierenden als Mediatoren erklären können. Methodik Die Studie beruht auf einer Online-Befragung von Studierenden der Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal zum Wintersemester 2020/2021. Insgesamt sind die Daten von 621 Studierenden ausgewertet worden. Zur Beantwortung der Fragestellung wurde eine Mediationsanalyse durchgeführt. Ergebnisse Die pandemiebedingten Belastungserfahrungen stehen in einem signifikanten Zusammenhang mit den depressiven Stimmungen von Studierenden. Die Resilienz stellt ebenfalls einen signifikanten Einflussfaktor zu den depressiven Stimmungen dar und mediiert partiell den Einfluss von den pandemiebedingten Belastungserfahrungen auf die depressive Stimmung von den Studierenden. Coping und soziale Unterstützung weisen keinen signifikanten Zusammenhang zu der depressiven Stimmung der Studierenden auf. Schlussfolgerungen Ansatzpunkte zur Reduzierung der depressiven Stimmung liegen in der Minderung der pandemiebedingten Belastungen und in der Stärkung der Resilienz der Studierenden.
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A multi-suckling system combined with an enriched housing environment during the growing period promotes resilience to various challenges in pigs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6804. [PMID: 35474326 PMCID: PMC9043182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of social and environmental enrichment on improving livestock resilience, i.e. the ability to quickly recover from perturbations. We evaluated the effect of an alternative housing system (AHS) on resilience of pigs, as compared to conventional housing (CONV). The AHS consisted of multi-litter housing during lactation, delayed weaning, extra space allowance and environmental enrichment at all times. We assessed recovery to a 2 h-transport challenge, an LPS injection, 2 h-heat stress and a biopsy wound in 96 pigs. Additionally, indicators of long-term “wear and tear” on the body were determined. AHS pigs had better physiological recoveries with quicker returns to baseline in the transport and LPS challenges, showed lower cortisol accumulation in hairs and lower variance in weight gain over the experimental period compared to conventionally-housed (CONV) pigs. They also had higher levels of natural antibodies binding KLH than CONV pigs. Their response to heat stress revealed a different strategy compared to CONV pigs. Taken together, AHS pigs appear to be more resilient and experience less chronic stress. Enhancing welfare by provision of social and environmental enrichment that better meets the behavioural needs of pigs seems to be a promising approach to improve their resilience.
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Parois SP, Van Der Zande LE, Knol EF, Kemp B, Rodenburg TB, Bolhuis JE. Effects of a Multi-Suckling System Combined With Enriched Housing Post-Weaning on Response and Cognitive Resilience to Isolation. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:868149. [PMID: 35478601 PMCID: PMC9035994 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.868149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving welfare is still a critical issue in pig husbandry. Upgrades of the housing environment seem to be a promising solution to optimise resilience as a whole, and therefore improve animal welfare. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an alternative housing system to enhance cognitive resilience and also to promote the pigs' welfare. A total of 96 piglets from two contrasted housing systems [alternative housing system (AHS) vs. conventional system (CONV)] was used. The major upgrades of the alternative system were multi-litter housing during lactation, delayed weaning, extra space allowance, and environmental enrichment from birth onwards. To estimate welfare, weight, and feed intake (as a general indicator of performances), the tear staining area (as a chronic stress indicator), behavioural postures, heart rate traits, and saliva cortisol concentration were measured over a 21 h-isolation. To assess cognitive resilience, the pigs were subjected to a maze with a social reward both before and after the isolation challenge and indicators of cognitive abilities were followed. The AHS pigs showed lower cortisol levels and tear staining area before the challenge, demonstrating overall better welfare due to the alternative housing conditions. During the challenge, AHS pigs had a lower heart rate, higher heart rate variability, and higher vagal activity than the CONV pigs, which might indicate a reduced sensitivity to the stressor. AHS pigs appeared to have a better long-term memory tested in a maze. Providing social and environmental enrichments, that fit the satisfaction of the essential needs of the pigs better, appears to be beneficial for pig welfare as a whole. Its effects on cognitive resilience still need to be proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severine P. Parois
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Epidemiology Health and Welfare Research Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
- *Correspondence: Severine P. Parois
| | | | | | - Bas Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - T. Bas Rodenburg
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J. Elizabeth Bolhuis
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Aschemann-Witzel J, Bizzo HR, Doria Chaves ACS, Faria-Machado AF, Gomes Soares A, de Oliveira Fonseca MJ, Kidmose U, Rosenthal A. Sustainable use of tropical fruits? Challenges and opportunities of applying the waste-to-value concept to international value chains. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1339-1351. [PMID: 34382890 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1963665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Agriculture and food science literature on waste-to-value applications that allow upcycling of by-product ingredients is increasing. However, this stream of research rarely takes an international trade and sustainability systems perspective. This focused review defines the term of waste-to-value and the sustainable development goals connected to it, and points to the tensions and questions arising when international trade is involved. Further, it exemplifies the challenges and opportunities of waste-to-value in tropical fruit trade through five cases of tropical fruit from South America: Green coconut, açaí, maracujá, cambuci, and jabuticaba. We present a model of the international supply chain that indicates where the opportunities of waste-to-value applications in international tropical fruit trade are situated, and discuss which future research questions need to be addressed to tackle the challenges of waste-to-value in global tropical fruit chains. Establishing the waste-to-value approach in the export of yet-underused tropical fruits can amongst others improve local employment, preserve natural resources, allow favorable use of side-streams in local energy production, environmentally friendly packaging material for transport, and add health functionalities to the end-consumer products, but challenges have to be solved in order to ensure these environmental and social benefits materialize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Aschemann-Witzel
- MAPP - Centre for Research on Customer Relations in the Food Sector, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ulla Kidmose
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Milanesi M, Passamonti MM, Cappelli K, Minuti A, Palombo V, Sgorlon S, Capomaccio S, D’Andrea M, Trevisi E, Stefanon B, Williams JL, Ajmone-Marsan P. Genetic Regulation of Biomarkers as Stress Proxies in Dairy Cows. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040534. [PMID: 33917627 PMCID: PMC8067459 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress in livestock reduces productivity and is a welfare concern. At a physiological level, stress is associated with the activation of inflammatory responses and increased levels of harmful reactive oxygen species. Biomarkers that are indicative of stress could facilitate the identification of more stress-resilient animals. We examined twenty-one metabolic, immune response, and liver function biomarkers that have been associated with stress in 416 Italian Simmental and 436 Italian Holstein cows which were genotyped for 150K SNPs. Single-SNP and haplotype-based genome-wide association studies were carried out to assess whether the variation in the levels in these biomarkers is under genetic control and to identify the genomic loci involved. Significant associations were found for the plasma levels of ceruloplasmin (Bos taurus chromosome 1-BTA1), paraoxonase (BTA4) and γ-glutamyl transferase (BTA17) in the individual breed analysis that coincided with the position of the genes coding for these proteins, suggesting that their expression is under cis-regulation. A meta-analysis of both breeds identified additional significant associations with paraoxonase on BTA 16 and 26. Finding genetic associations with variations in the levels of these biomarkers suggests that the selection for high or low levels of expression could be achieved rapidly. Whether the level of expression of the biomarkers correlates with the response to stressful situations has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Milanesi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems—DIBAF, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Matilde Maria Passamonti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Andrea Minuti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
| | - Valentino Palombo
- Dipartimento Agricoltura Ambiente e Alimenti, Università del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (V.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Sandy Sgorlon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali. Università degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (S.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Stefano Capomaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Mariasilvia D’Andrea
- Dipartimento Agricoltura Ambiente e Alimenti, Università del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (V.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
| | - Bruno Stefanon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali. Università degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (S.S.); (B.S.)
| | - John Lewis Williams
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
- Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
- Nutrigenomics and Proteomics Research Center-PRONUTRIGEN, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Omics Insights into Animal Resilience and Stress Factors. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010047. [PMID: 33383711 PMCID: PMC7824193 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience is conceived as a dynamic developmental process involving the achievement of positive adaptation within the context of significant adversity. Resilience is not a unique ability but rather a set of capacities of a system put in place to absorb a disturbance and to reorganize while trying to retain the same function, structure, and identity. This review describes the characteristics and the molecular mechanisms of resilience to understand the core elements of resilience and its indicators. The objectives of this review are: (1) to define some of the leading environmental stressors and clarify the mechanism of vulnerability or resilience outcomes; (2) to clarify some of the prominent epigenetic modulations mediating resilience or vulnerability as a stress response; (3) to highlight the neural mechanisms related to stress resilience since the central nervous system is a highly dynamic structure characterized by an everlasting plasticity feature, which therefore has the opportunity to modify resilience. The review aims to introduce the reader to the concept of resilience seen as an ability acquired in life and not only inherited from birth.
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Snyder LD, Gómez MI, Power AG. Crop Varietal Mixtures as a Strategy to Support Insect Pest Control, Yield, Economic, and Nutritional Services. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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A Review on Ecosystem Health Research: A Visualization Based on CiteSpace. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11184908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With ecological environments that play vital roles in sustaining human communities worsening, ecological health has drawn extensive attention from scholars and practitioners. It is obvious that research results relevant to ecological health are increasing. This study applies scientometric methods to evaluate the current situation of ecological heath research, and explore the developing trends of ecological health research based on the literature data obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Study results generated in this paper could clearly answer the three following questions: (1) What are the subject categories that scholars are most concerned about in the ecological health research area? (2) Which authors and journals are the most representative in this area? On which research areas do researchers focus at different stages? What are the documents that attract scholarly attention? (3) What are the representative keywords in the different periods? What are the research focuses and the new emerging trends in the field of ecological health? In general, this paper provides an effective research method to evaluate the performance of ecological health research. The paper may assist new researchers to pick out the most relevant journals, articles, keywords, and influential authors, consequently assisting researchers to be at the research frontier in the ecological health field, and finally, to establish future research directions.
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Lerner H. A critical analysis of definitions of health as balance in a One Health perspective. MEDICINE, HEALTH CARE, AND PHILOSOPHY 2019; 22:453-461. [PMID: 30604351 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-018-09884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Definitions of health in terms of some kind of balance form a category of their own within the sphere of health definition. Such definitions have their roots in the beginnings of scientific medicine, and popular versions are common among lay people. It has even been claimed that balance is fundamental to health for all species. Several present-day definitions of health in terms of balance are presented here. Particular attention is given to the call for a definition of health applicable to both humans and animals within the One Health approach, involving human medicine, veterinary medicine and ecology. Definitions in terms of balance have been suggested but none has been thoroughly analysed with regard to its suitability. There are therefore three concerns in this paper. The first is to introduce versions of the category of balance, as a first step towards a nomenclature of health definitions. The second is to analyse the claim made recently that balance is a universal criterion of health in all species including humans. The third is to ascertain whether any of the versions discussed is suited to the One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Lerner
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, P.O. Box 11189, 100 61, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Aschemann-Witzel J, Ares G, Thøgersen J, Monteleone E. A sense of sustainability? – How sensory consumer science can contribute to sustainable development of the food sector. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Assessing the resilience of biodiversity-driven functions in agroecosystems under environmental change. ADV ECOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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van Herten J, Bovenkerk B, Verweij M. One Health as a moral dilemma: Towards a socially responsible zoonotic disease control. Zoonoses Public Health 2018; 66:26-34. [PMID: 30390380 PMCID: PMC7379490 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, the concept of One Health has become the international standard for zoonotic disease control. This call for transdisciplinary collaboration between professionals in human, animal and environmental health has produced several successes in zoonotic disease control, surveillance and research. Despite the lack of a clear definition, a shared agenda or institutional governance, One Health has proven to be a fruitful idea. Due to its ambiguity, the One Health concept functions as a boundary object: by leaving room for interpretation to fit different purposes, it facilitates cooperation. In many cases, this results in the promotion of health of humans, animals and the environment. However, there are also situations in which this mutual benefit of a One Health approach is not that evident, for instance, when healthy animals are culled to protect public health. Although such a strategy could well be part of a One Health approach, it is hard to understand how this contributes to the health of concerning animals. Consequently, these practices often lead to public debate. This raises questions on how we should understand the One Health concept in zoonotic disease control. Is it really about equally improving the health of humans, animals and the environment and is this even possible? Or is it ultimately just public health that counts? In cases of conflict between different values, the lack of a universal definition of the One Health concept contributes to this complexity. Although boundary objects have many positive aspects, in the context of One Health and zoonotic disease control, this conception seems to conceal underlying normative differences. To address moral dilemmas related to a One Health approach in zoonotic disease control, it is important to reflect on moral status and the meaning of health for humans, animals and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost van Herten
- Department of Philosophy, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Royal Veterinary Association of The Netherlands, Houten, The Netherlands
| | - Bernice Bovenkerk
- Department of Philosophy, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Verweij
- Department of Philosophy, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Guo Y, Plummer V, Lam L, Wang Y, Cross W, Zhang J. The effects of resilience and turnover intention on nurses’ burnout: Findings from a comparative cross‐sectional study. J Clin Nurs 2018; 28:499-508. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐fang Guo
- College of Nursing HeBei University Baoding Hebei China
| | - Virginia Plummer
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University and Peninsula Health Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Louisa Lam
- Faculty of Health School of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare Federation University Australia Berwick Victoria Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Nursing HeBei University Baoding Hebei China
| | - Wendy Cross
- National Mental Health Commission Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Jing‐ping Zhang
- Nursing Psychology Research Center of Xiangya Nursing School Central South University Changsha Hunan China
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Fall N, Ohlson A, Emanuelson U, Dohoo I. Exploring milk shipment data for their potential for disease monitoring and for assessing resilience in dairy farms. Prev Vet Med 2018; 154:23-28. [PMID: 29685441 PMCID: PMC7114288 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of routinely recorded data for research purposes and disease surveillance is an attractive proposition. However, this requires that the validity and reliability of the data be evaluated for the purpose for which they are to be used. This manuscript reports an evaluation of milk shipment data for evaluating their usefulness in disease monitoring and the resilience of organic and conventional dairy herds in Sweden. A large number of inconsistencies were observed in the data, necessitating substantial efforts to “clean” the data. Given that the selection of rules used in the cleaning process was subjective in nature, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine if different cleaning routines produced substantially different results. Despite the cleaning efforts we observed far more large residuals at the shipment level than expected. Thus, it was concluded that the data were too “noisy” to be used for identification of short term impacts on milk production. Resilience was evaluated by examining the residual variance in milk shipped per cow per day under the assumption that herds with high resilience would have lower residual variance. The effects on residual variance of organic status or whether or not the herd used an automatic milking system were evaluated in models in which the residual variance was stratified or not by these factors. We did not find consistent evidence to suggest that organic herds had higher resilience than conventional herds, but this could be partly due to using residual variance as the measure indicating resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Fall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7054, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anna Ohlson
- Växa Sverige, PO Box 210, SE-101 24 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ulf Emanuelson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7054, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ian Dohoo
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiological Research, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada.
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20
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Lamichhane JR, Arseniuk E, Boonekamp P, Czembor J, Decroocq V, Enjalbert J, Finckh MR, Korbin M, Koppel M, Kudsk P, Mesterhazy A, Sosnowska D, Zimnoch-Guzowska E, Messéan A. Advocating a need for suitable breeding approaches to boost integrated pest management: a European perspective. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1219-1227. [PMID: 29205815 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Currently, European farmers do not have access to sufficient numbers and diversity of crop species/varieties. This prevents them from designing cropping systems more resilient to abiotic and biotic stresses. Crop diversification is a key lever to reduce pest (pathogens, animal pests and weeds) pressures at all spatial levels from fields to landscapes. In this context, plant breeding should consist of: (1) increased efforts in the development of new or minor crop varieties to foster diversity in cropping systems, and (2) focus on more resilient varieties showing local adaptation. This new breeding paradigm, called here 'breeding for integrated pest management (IPM)', may boost IPM through the development of cultivars with tolerance or resistance to key pests, with the goal of reducing reliance on conventional pesticides. At the same time, this paradigm has legal and practical implications for future breeding programs, including those targeting sustainable agricultural systems. By putting these issues into the context, this article presents the key outcomes of a questionnaire survey and experts' views expressed during an EU workshop entitled 'Breeding for IPM in sustainable agricultural systems'. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Arseniuk
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, Poland
| | - Piet Boonekamp
- Wageningen University & Research Centre, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jerzy Czembor
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, Poland
| | - Veronique Decroocq
- UMR BFP INRA-Université de Bordeaux, Equipe de Virologie, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jérome Enjalbert
- UMR GQE - Le Moulon, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maria R Finckh
- Ecological Plant Protection Group, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | | | - Mati Koppel
- Estonian Crop Research Institute, Jõgeva, Estonia
| | - Per Kudsk
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | | | - Danuta Sosnowska
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Zimnoch-Guzowska
- Department of Potato Genetics and Parental Lines, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Młochów, Poland
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Duval J, Bareille N, Fourichon C, Madouasse A, Vaarst M. Perceptions of French private veterinary practitioners’ on their role in organic dairy farms and opportunities to improve their advisory services for organic dairy farmers. Prev Vet Med 2016; 133:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nalubwama S, Kabi F, Vaarst M, Smolders G, Kiggundu M. Cattle management practices and milk production on mixed smallholder organic pineapple farms in Central Uganda. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:1525-1532. [PMID: 27539231 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A longitudinal study to assess animal management practices and milk production was conducted for a period of 12 months on 30 smallholder farms keeping dairy cattle and certified organic pineapple production in Luwero and Kayunga districts, based on questionnaire and on-farm collected data. Farm sizes were 9.3 ± 6.7 acres in tethering system and 4.3 ± 2.6 acres in zero-grazing. Fifty-four percent of the zero-grazing herds had animal housing facilities. All farmers in tethering system kept cows on earthen floors and calves without bedding. Hygiene level in existing farms was low. Majority of calves were fed once a day by restricted suckling (77 %). Seventy-four percent of tethered cows were only fed on natural grass, while cows under zero-grazing system had a more diversified diet but with 82 % feeding mainly Napier grass. Most farms (87 %) used bulls for breeding. Milk production was higher (P < 0.05) in zero-grazing (6.5 L/cow/day) than tethering system, and higher (P < 0.05) for Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows (5.2 L/cow/day) than local breed cows (2.6 L/cow/day). Less than 1 L of milk per farm per day on average was sold. Disease treatments were exclusively for helminths, East Coast fever, and trypanasomiasis. Spraying of ticks and deworming were important control measures of vector-borne diseases. There is potential to develop alternative feed resources for dairy cattle and biorational pesticides for control and treatment of vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nalubwama
- Department of Livestock and Industrial Resources, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - F Kabi
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - M Vaarst
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - G Smolders
- OrgANIMprove, Karveel 13-03, 8231 AT, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - M Kiggundu
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Isaacs KB, Snapp SS, Chung K, Waldman KB. Assessing the value of diverse cropping systems under a new agricultural policy environment in Rwanda. Food Secur 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-016-0582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Patient-centered outcomes on quality of life and anthroposophic healthcare: a qualitative triangulation study. Qual Life Res 2016; 25:2257-67. [PMID: 27020057 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-016-1276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide a qualitative investigation of aspects that matter to patients regarding quality of life (QOL) and other perceived treatment effects of anthroposophic healthcare (AH). It is a first step in the development of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for AH. Hence, it will contribute to the evaluation of AH quality from patients' perspectives. METHOD Within-method triangulation of four qualitative data sources is: (1) Survey of 2063 patients of AH general practitioners; single open item; (2) Survey of 34 patients of AH nurses; single open item; (3) and (4) Sixteen semi-structured interviews with patients. The data sources contained patients' qualitative reports on contribution of treatment to QOL, other perceived treatment effects and/or quality of care aspects. Content analysis Construction of items and domains by open, axial and selective coding. RESULTS Twelve domains regarding quality of life are found: Recovery/Symptom reduction, Active contribution/Autonomy, General well-being, Meaning, Rest/Relaxation, Functioning, Energy/Strength, Care relationship, Natural healing, Mindful inner attitude, Being well informed and Social relations. The interviews demonstrate relations between domains. CONCLUSIONS The findings give a comprehensive insight into aspects of care that are relevant to patients, providing a first step to develop PROMs for AH. Findings show a broadening of domains compared to existing measurement instruments and show close similarities with the recently developed concept of "positive health." Extending QOL instruments with a broader set of domains would give concrete tools to improve evaluation of quality of care and make this evaluation more in line with aspects that matter to AH patients.
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26
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Lamichhane JR, Dachbrodt-Saaydeh S, Kudsk P, Messéan A. Toward a Reduced Reliance on Conventional Pesticides in European Agriculture. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:10-24. [PMID: 30688570 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-15-0574-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Whether modern agriculture without conventional pesticides will be possible or not is a matter of debate. The debate is meaningful within the context of rising health and environmental awareness on one hand, and the global challenge of feeding a steadily growing human population on the other. Conventional pesticide use has come under pressure in many countries, and some European Union (EU) Member States have adopted policies for risk reduction following Directive 2009/128/EC, the sustainable use of pesticides. Highly diverse crop production systems across Europe, having varied geographic and climatic conditions, increase the complexity of European crop protection. The economic competitiveness of European agriculture is challenged by the current legislation, which banned the use of many previously authorized pesticides that are still available and applied in other parts of the world. This challenge could place EU agricultural production at a disadvantage, so EU farmers are seeking help from the research community to foster and support integrated pest management (IPM). Ensuring stable crop yields and quality while reducing the reliance on pesticides is a challenge facing the farming community is today. Considering this, we focus on several diverse situations in European agriculture in general and in European crop protection in particular. We emphasize that the marked biophysical and socio-economic differences across Europe have led to a situation where a meaningful reduction in pesticide use can hardly be achieved. Nevertheless, improvements and/or adoption of the knowledge and technologies of IPM can still achieve large gains in pesticide reduction. In this overview, the current pest problems and their integrated management are discussed in the context of specific geographic regions of Europe, with a particular emphasis on reduced pesticide use. We conclude that there are opportunities for reduction in many parts of Europe without significant losses in crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silke Dachbrodt-Saaydeh
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany
| | - Per Kudsk
- Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Forsoegsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse 14 Denmark
| | - Antoine Messéan
- INRA, UAR 1240 Eco-Innov, BP 01, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
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27
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Reid D. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. Editorial. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:437. [PMID: 25564973 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Sharma K, Goss EM, Dickstein ER, Smith ME, Johnson JA, Southwick FS, van Bruggen AHC. Exserohilum rostratum: characterization of a cross-kingdom pathogen of plants and humans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108691. [PMID: 25285444 PMCID: PMC4186819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen host shifts represent a major source of new infectious diseases. There are several examples of cross-genus host jumps that have caused catastrophic epidemics in animal and plant species worldwide. Cross-kingdom jumps are rare, and are often associated with nosocomial infections. Here we provide an example of human-mediated cross-kingdom jumping of Exserohilum rostratum isolated from a patient who had received a corticosteroid injection and died of fungal meningitis in a Florida hospital in 2012. The clinical isolate of E. rostratum was compared with two plant pathogenic isolates of E. rostratum and an isolate of the closely related genus Bipolaris in terms of morphology, phylogeny, and pathogenicity on one C3 grass, Gulf annual rye grass (Lolium multiflorum), and two C4 grasses, Japanese stilt grass (Microstegium vimineum) and bahia grass (Paspalum notatum). Colony growth and color, as well as conidia shape and size were the same for the clinical and plant isolates of E. rostratum, while these characteristics differed slightly for the Bipolaris sp. isolate. The plant pathogenic and clinical isolates of E. rostratum were indistinguishable based on morphology and ITS and 28S rDNA sequence analysis. The clinical isolate was as pathogenic to all grass species tested as the plant pathogenic strains that were originally isolated from plant hosts. The clinical isolate induced more severe symptoms on stilt grass than on rye grass, while this was the reverse for the plant isolates of E. rostratum. The phylogenetic similarity between the clinical and plant-associated E. rostratum isolates and the ability of the clinical isolate to infect plants suggests that a plant pathogenic strain of E. rostratum contaminated the corticosteroid injection fluid and was able to cause systemic disease in the affected patient. This is the first proof that a clinical isolate of E. rostratum is also an effective plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Erica M. Goss
- Department of Plant Pathology, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogen Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ellen R. Dickstein
- Department of Plant Pathology, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Matthew E. Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Judith A. Johnson
- Emerging Pathogen Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Frederick S. Southwick
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ariena H. C. van Bruggen
- Department of Plant Pathology, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogen Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Pautasso M, Jeger MJ. Network epidemiology and plant trade networks. AOB PLANTS 2014; 6:plu007. [PMID: 24790128 PMCID: PMC4038442 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plu007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Models of epidemics in complex networks are improving our predictive understanding of infectious disease outbreaks. Nonetheless, applying network theory to plant pathology is still a challenge. This overview summarizes some key developments in network epidemiology that are likely to facilitate its application in the study and management of plant diseases. Recent surveys have provided much-needed datasets on contact patterns and human mobility in social networks, but plant trade networks are still understudied. Human (and plant) mobility levels across the planet are unprecedented-there is thus much potential in the use of network theory by plant health authorities and researchers. Given the directed and hierarchical nature of plant trade networks, there is a need for plant epidemiologists to further develop models based on undirected and homogeneous networks. More realistic plant health scenarios would also be obtained by developing epidemic models in dynamic, rather than static, networks. For plant diseases spread by the horticultural and ornamental trade, there is the challenge of developing spatio-temporal epidemic simulations integrating network data. The use of network theory in plant epidemiology is a promising avenue and could contribute to anticipating and preventing plant health emergencies such as European ash dieback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pautasso
- Forest Pathology and Dendrology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mike J. Jeger
- Division of Ecology and Evolution & Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
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