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Vilas-Boas SM, Cordova IW, Abranches DO, Coutinho JAP, Ferreira O, Pinho SP. Modeling the Solubility of Monoterpenoids with Hybrid and Predictive Thermodynamic Tools. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023; 62:5326-5335. [PMID: 37014371 PMCID: PMC10064338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The Abraham and NRTL-SAC semipredictive models were employed to represent the solubility of (-)-borneol, (1R)-(+)-camphor, l-(-)-menthol, and thymol in water and organic solvents, using data measured in this work and collected from the literature. A reduced set of solubility data was used to estimate the model parameters of the solutes, and global average relative deviations (ARDs) of 27% for the Abraham model and 15% for the NRTL-SAC model were obtained. The predictive capability of these models was tested by estimating the solubilities in solvents not included in the correlation step. Global ARDs of 8% (Abraham model) and 14% (NRTL-SAC model) were obtained. Finally, the predictive COSMO-RS model was used to describe the solubility data in organic solvents, with ARD of 16%. These results show the overall better performance of NRTL-SAC in a hybrid correlation/prediction approach, while COSMO-RS can produce very satisfactory predictions even in the absence of any experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio M. Vilas-Boas
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- CICECO − Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabella W. Cordova
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- CICECO − Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dinis O. Abranches
- CICECO − Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João A. P. Coutinho
- CICECO − Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Olga Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Simão P. Pinho
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Encapsulation of Thymol and Eugenol Essential Oils Using Unmodified Cellulose: Preparation and Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010095. [PMID: 36616445 PMCID: PMC9824510 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are volatile natural organic compounds, which possess pesticidal properties. However, they are vulnerable to heat and light, limiting their range of applications. Encapsulation of EOs is a useful approach to overcome some of these limitations. In this study, a novel emulsification technique is utilized for encapsulation of thymol (TY) and eugenol (EU) (EOs) within microcapsules with an unmodified cellulose shell. Use of low cost materials and processes can be beneficial in agricultural applications. In the encapsulation process, unmodified cellulose was dissolved in 7% aqueous NaOH at low temperature, regenerated to form a dispersion of cellulose hydrogels, which was rigorously mixed with the EOs by mechanical mixing followed by high-pressure homogenization (HPH). Cellulose:EO ratios of 1:1 and 1:8 utilizing homogenization pressures of 5000, 10,000 and 20,000 psi applied in a microfluidizer were studied. Light microscopy, high-resolution cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed successful fabrication of EO-loaded capsules in size range of 1 to ~8 µm. Stability analyses showed highly stabilized oil in water (O/W) emulsions with instability index close to 0. The emulsions exhibited anti-mold activity in post-harvest alfalfa plants, with potency affected by the cellulose:EO ratio as well as the EO type; TY showed the highest anti-mold activity. Taken together, this study showed potential for anti-fungal activity of cellulose-encapsulated EOs in post-harvest hay.
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Castillo A, Celeiro M, Rubio L, Bañobre A, Otero-Otero M, Garcia-Jares C, Lores M. Optimization of bioactives extraction from grape marc via a medium scale ambient temperature system and stability study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1008457. [PMID: 36386901 PMCID: PMC9650278 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1008457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A scalable procedure with minimum energy requirements, MSAT (Medium Scale Ambient Temperature), in combination with solvents generally recognized as safe (GRAS), has been optimized to obtain polyphenolic extracts from white grape (Vitis vinifera) marc. The solvents considered were propylene glycol (Pg), ethanol (Et), and ethyl lactate (Lc), as well as their respective hydro-organic mixtures. In a first approach, the operating parameters were optimized through a response surface matrix: extraction solvent volume (range 10-150 mL), marc mass (range 20-200 g) and marc/dispersant mass ratio (range 0.5-2 g⋅g-1), using the total polyphenol content (TPC) and the antioxidant activity (AA) of the extracts as response parameters. The highest TPC (5,918 mgGAE⋅L-1) and AA (44 mmolTE⋅L-1) values were obtained using 200 g marc and 100 mL solvent. Regarding the type of solvent, a better response was reached with Lc > Et > Pg > H2O obtaining a polyphenol concentration of 252 mg⋅L-1 for the hydro-organic isovolumetric ratio of ethyl lactate. In addition, the stability of the extracts was studied for 62 days. The effect of factors such as temperature, light exposure, and oxidative reactivity was evaluated. The bioactivity indices showed no changes with the storage conditions of the extracts in the first month of analysis, after which 75% of the antioxidant activity as the concentration of the polyphenolic profile (204 mg⋅L-1) remains. The absence of reactive oxygen and the cooling of the extract (4°C) were the most determining factors (p < 0.05) in modulating the stability of the total polyphenolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Castillo
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Celeiro
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Rubio
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrea Bañobre
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Otero-Otero
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Jares
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Lores
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Evaluation of the composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from four species of Lamiaceae Martinov native to Iran. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17044. [PMID: 36220839 PMCID: PMC9553974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the essential oils obtained from four different plant species belonging to the Lamiaceae family were extracted by means of hydrodistillation and their composition and antimicrobial activity were evaluated. About 66 components were identified by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and among all, thymol (67.7%), oleic acid (0.5-62.1%), (-)-caryophyllene oxide (0.4-24.8%), α-pinene (1.1-19.4%), 1,8-cineole (0.2-15.4%), palmitic acid (0.32-13.28%), ( +)spathulenol (11.16%), and germacrene D (0.3-10.3%) were the most abundant in all the species tested (i.e. Thymus daenensis, Nepeta sessilifolia, Hymenocrater incanus, and Stachys inflata). In particular, only the composition of essential oils from H. incanus was completely detected (99.13%), while that of the others was only partially detected. Oxygenated monoterpenes (75.57%) were the main compounds of essential oil from T. daenensis; sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (26.88%) were the most abundant in S. inflata; oxygenated sesquiterpenes (41.22%) were mainly detected in H. incanus essential oil, while the essential oil from N. sessilifolia was mainly composed of non-terpene and fatty acids (77.18%). Due to their slightly different composition, also the antibacterial activity was affected by the essential oil tested. Indeed, the highest antibacterial and antifungal activities were obtained with the essential oil from T. daenensis by means of the inhibition halo (39 ± 1 and 25 ± 0 mm) against Gram-positive strains such as Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus brasiliensis. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) of the essential oils obtained from the four species varied from 16 to 2000 μg/mL and were strictly affected by the type of microorganism tested. As an example, the essential oils from H. incanus and S. inflata were the most effective against the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 16 and 63 μg/ml, respectively), which is considered one of the most resistant bacterial strain. Therefore, the essential oils obtained from the four species contained a suitable phytocomplexes with potential applications in different commercial area such as agriculture, food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Moreover, these essential oils can be considered a valuable natural alternative to some synthetic antibiotics, thanks to their ability to control the growth of different bacteria and fungi.
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Thymol-enriched extract from Thymus vulgaris L leaves: Green extraction processes and antiaggregant effects on human platelets. Bioorg Chem 2022; 125:105858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shawer R, El-Shazly MM, Khider AM, Baeshen RS, Hikal WM, Kordy AM. Botanical Oils Isolated from Simmondsia chinensis and Rosmarinus officinalis Cultivated in Northern Egypt: Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144383. [PMID: 35889256 PMCID: PMC9321152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), are key stored-product pests in Egypt and worldwide. The extensive use of synthetic insecticides has led to adverse effects on the environment, human health, and pest resistance. As a result, environmentally friendly pest management alternatives are desperately required. The botanical oils of jojoba, Simmondsia chinensis (L.), and rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L. plants growing in Egypt were extracted, identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and evaluated for their insecticidal activity against S. oryzae and T. castaneum. The main constituents identified in BOs were carvyl acetate (20.73%) and retinol (16.75%) for S. chinensis and camphor (15.57%), coumarin (15.19%), verbenone (14.82%), and 1,8-cineole (6.76%) for R. officinalis. The S. chinensis and R. officinalis BOs caused significant contact toxicities against S. oryzae and T. castaneum adults, providing LC50 values of 24.37, 68.47, and 11.58, 141.8 ppm at 3 days after treatment (DAT), respectively. S. chinensis oil exhibited significant fumigation toxicity against both insects; however, it was more effective against S. oryzae (LC50 = 29.52 ppm/L air) than against T. castaneum (LC50 = 113.47 ppm/L air) at 3 DAT. Although the essential oil (EO) of R. officinalis significantly showed fumigation toxicity for S. oryzae (LC50 = 256.1 and 0.028 ppm/L air at 1 and 3 DAT, respectively), it was not effective against T. castaneum. These BOs could be beneficial for establishing IPM programs for suppressing S. oryzae and T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rady Shawer
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21531, Egypt; (M.M.E.-S.); (A.M.K.); (A.M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1002-3220-33
| | - Mohamed Mahrous El-Shazly
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21531, Egypt; (M.M.E.-S.); (A.M.K.); (A.M.K.)
| | - Adel Mohamed Khider
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21531, Egypt; (M.M.E.-S.); (A.M.K.); (A.M.K.)
| | - Rowida S. Baeshen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.B.); (W.M.H.)
| | - Wafaa M. Hikal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.B.); (W.M.H.)
- Environmental Parasitology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Kordy
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21531, Egypt; (M.M.E.-S.); (A.M.K.); (A.M.K.)
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The Effect of Thymus vulgaris on Hepatic Enzymes Activity and Apoptosis-Related Gene Expression in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2948966. [PMID: 35368767 PMCID: PMC8967521 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2948966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many diseases, including diabetes, are involved in the development of liver disorders through changes in the expression of genes such as apoptosis-related genes. In the present study, the effect of Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris) on hepatic enzyme activity and apoptosis-related gene expression in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was examined. In this study, 50 adult male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200–220 g were divided into five groups. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg). Following 18 days, all the animals in different groups were weighed and blood samples were taken from their cardiac veins. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed 45 different compounds in the T. vulgaris, including thymol (39.1%), p-cymene (20.63%), and γ-terpinene (14.85%). The results showed a significant increase in liver enzymes (aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) in diabetic or STZ mice compared to the control group (healthy mice) (P < 0.0001). The levels of AST, ALT, and ALP in rats treated with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of T. vulgaris extract showed a significant decrease in these enzymes in comparison with diabetic rats (P < 0.0001). The expression of caspase 3 and 9 genes in the groups treated with thyme significantly decreased compared to diabetic mice (P < 0.0001), and the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in the group receiving 400 mg/kg of thyme significantly increased compared to diabetic mice (P < 0.0001). Due to its antioxidant compounds, thyme improves the liver tissue cells in STZ-induced diabetic mice by reducing caspases 3 and 9 as well as increasing Bcl-2.
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Natural Products for Cancer Therapy: A Review of Their Mechanism of Actions and Toxicity in the Past Decade. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:5794350. [PMID: 35309872 PMCID: PMC8933079 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5794350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ethnopharmacological information gathered over many centuries and the presence of diverse metabolites have made the medicinal plants as the prime source of drugs. Despite the positive attributes of natural products, there are many questions pertaining to their mechanism of actions and molecular targets that impede their development as therapeutic agents. One of the major challenges in cancer research is the toxicity exerted by investigational agents towards the host. An understanding of their molecular targets, underlying mechanisms can reveal their anticancer efficacy, help in optimal therapeutic dose selection, to mitigate their side effects and toxicity towards the host. The purpose of this review is to collate details on natural products that are recently been investigated extensively in the past decade for their anticancer potential. Besides, critical analysis of their molecular targets and underlying mechanisms on multiple cancer cell lines, an in-depth probe of their toxicological screening on rodent models is outlined as well to observe the prevalence of their toxicity towards host. This review can provide valuable insights for researchers in developing methods, strategies during preclinical and clinical evaluation of anticancer candidates.
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Zamora L, Benito C, Gutiérrez A, Alcalde R, Alomari N, Bodour AA, Atilhan M, Aparicio S. Nanostructuring and macroscopic behavior of type V deep eutectic solvents based on monoterpenoids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:512-531. [PMID: 34904590 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04509a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type V natural deep eutectic solvents based on monoterpenoids (cineole, carvone, menthol, and thymol) are studied using a combined experimental and molecular modeling approach. The reported physicochemical properties showed low viscous fluids whose properties were characterized as a function of temperature. The theoretical study combining quantum chemistry and classical molecular dynamics simulations provided a nanoscopic characterization of the fluids, particularly for the hydrogen bonding network and its relationship with the macroscopic properties. The considered fluids constitute a suitable type of solvents considering their properties, cost, origin, and sustainability in different technological applications and sow the possibility of developing type V NADES from different types of molecules, especially in the terpenoid family of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Zamora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Cristina Benito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | | | - Rafael Alcalde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Noor Alomari
- Department of Chemical and Paper Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5462, USA.
| | - Ahmad Al Bodour
- Department of Chemical and Paper Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5462, USA.
| | - Mert Atilhan
- Department of Chemical and Paper Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5462, USA.
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Masek A, Cichosz S, Piotrowska M. Comparison of Aging Resistance and Antimicrobial Properties of Ethylene-Norbornene Copolymer and Poly(Lactic Acid) Impregnated with Phytochemicals Embodied in Thyme ( Thymus vulgaris) and Clove ( Syzygium aromaticum). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13025. [PMID: 34884831 PMCID: PMC8657585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of plant-based extracts on the solar aging and antimicrobial properties of impregnated ethylene-norbornene (EN) copolymer and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were investigated. In this study, the impregnation yield of polyolefin, lacking in active centers capable of phytochemical bonding, and polyester, abundant in active sides, was measured. Moreover, two different extracts plentiful in phytochemicals-thyme (TE) and clove (CE)-were employed in the solvent-based impregnation process. The effect of thymol and eugenol, the two main compounds embodied in the extracts, was studied as well. Interestingly, oxidation induction times (OIT) for the impregnation of EN with thyme and clove extracts were established to be, respectively, 27.7 and 39.02 min, which are higher than for thymol (18.4 min) and eugenol (21.1 min). Therefore, an aging experiment, mimicking the full spectrum of sunlight, was carried out to investigate the resistance to common radiation of materials impregnated with antioxidative substances. As expected, the experiment revealed that the natural extracts increased the shelf-life of the polymer matrix by inhibiting the degradation processes. The aging resistance was assessed based on detected changes in the materials' behavior and structure that were examined with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, color quantification, tensile tests, and hardness investigation. Such broad results of solar aging regarding materials impregnated with thyme and clove extracts have not been reported to date. Moreover, CE was found to be the most effective modifying agent for enabling material with antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli to be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Masek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Stefan Cichosz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Piotrowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 71/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
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Effectiveness of the Influence of Selected Essential Oils on the Growth of Parasitic Fusarium Isolated from Wheat Kernels from Central Europe. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216488. [PMID: 34770893 PMCID: PMC8588391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of selected seven commercial essential oils (EsO) (grapefruit, lemongrass, tea tree (TTO), thyme, verbena, cajeput, and Litsea cubeba) on isolates of common Central European parasitic fungal species of Fusarium obtained from infected wheat kernels, and to evaluate the oils as potential natural fungicides. The study was conducted in 2 stages. At each stage, the fungicidal activity of EsO (with concentrations of 0.025; 0.05; 0.125; 0.25; 0.50; 1.0, and 2.0%) against Fusarium spp. was evaluated using the disc plate method and zones of growth inhibition were measured. At the first stage, the fungistatic activity of EsO was evaluated against four species of Fusarium from the Polish population (F. avenaceum FAPL, F. culmorum FCPL, F. graminearum FGPL and F. oxysporum FOPL). The correlation coefficient between the mycelial growth rate index (T) and the fungistatic activity (FA) was calculated. At the second stage, on the basis of the mycelium growth rate index, the effectiveness of the EsO in limiting the development of Fusarium isolates from the German population (F. culmorum FC1D, F. culmorum FC2D, F. graminearum FG1D, F. graminearum FG2D and F. poae FP0D) was assessed. The first and second stage results presented as a growth rate index were then used to indicate essential oils (as potential natural fungicides) effectively limiting the development of various common Central European parasitic species Fusarium spp. Finally, the sensitivity of four Fusarium isolates from the Polish population and five Fusarium isolates from the German population was compared. The data were compiled in STATISTICA 13.0 (StatSoft, Inc, CA, USA) at the significance level of 0.05. Fusarium isolates from the German population were generally more sensitive than those from the Polish population. The sensitivity of individual Fusarium species varied. Their vulnerability, regardless of the isolate origin, in order from the most to the least sensitive, is as follows: F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, F. avenaceum and F. oxysporum. The strongest fungicidal activity, similar to Funaben T, showed thyme oil (regardless of the concentration). Performance of citral oils (lemongrass and Litsea cubeba) was similar but at a concentration above 0.025%.
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Aweidah N, Naseef H, Muqdi R, Farraj MA. Ultrasonic-Assisted Thymol and Carvacrol Extraction from Za’atar Leaves Using Cold-Pressed Sesame Oil. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3761865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymol and carvacrol found in Origanum syriacum “Za’atar” plant leaves have triggered interest among researchers for their natural antimicrobial and antifungal properties. However, their applications in modern pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries as natural preservatives remain challenging. In this research, extraction of thymol and carvacrol from Za’atar leaves has been investigated using the ultrasonic-assisted method and the use of sesame oil as the primary extraction solvent compared with other vegetable oils including sunflower and olive oils. In addition, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical method was developed by using a C8 column and 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid as a buffering agent. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, repeatability, accuracy, and robustness for the analysis of the content of the two terpenes thymol and carvacrol in different Za’atar extracts. Using the validated analytical method, thymol and carvacrol content results revealed the best vegetable oil for extraction. Results showed that sesame oil had the highest content of thymol and carvacrol, followed by sunflower oil, and the least amount obtained by using olive oil. A consistent extraction result opens an opportunity for application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. For this reason, the essential extraction key parameters that influence the final content of thymol and carvacrol were evaluated. The highest impact originated from the quality and volume of sesame oil. Cold-pressed sesame oil resulted in a 23% higher content of thymol and decreased amount of carvacrol. It was found that wetting the Za’atar leaves powder with sesame oil was enough for extraction; any additional sesame oil volume dilutes the extracted sample. The second impact was the Za’atar cultivation conditions; less than 10% difference of thymol and carvacrol content was observed within Za’atar of Hebron origin. Finally, the origin of sesame seeds used for sesame oil production had the least impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noyal Aweidah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, P.O Box 14,Birzeit, West Bank, State of Palestine
| | - Hani Naseef
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, P.O Box 14,Birzeit, West Bank, State of Palestine
| | - Ramzi Muqdi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, P.O Box 14,Birzeit, West Bank, State of Palestine
| | - Mohammad A. Farraj
- Faculty of Pharmacy Nursing and Health Professions, Master Program in Clinical Laboratory Science, P.O Box 14,Birzeit, West Bank, State of Palestine
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Ultrasonic-Assisted Thymol and Carvacrol Extraction from Za’atar Leaves Using Cold-Pressed Sesame Oil. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/3761865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymol and carvacrol found in Origanum syriacum “Za’atar” plant leaves have triggered interest among researchers for their natural antimicrobial and antifungal properties. However, their applications in modern pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries as natural preservatives remain challenging. In this research, extraction of thymol and carvacrol from Za’atar leaves has been investigated using the ultrasonic-assisted method and the use of sesame oil as the primary extraction solvent compared with other vegetable oils including sunflower and olive oils. In addition, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical method was developed by using a C8 column and 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid as a buffering agent. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, repeatability, accuracy, and robustness for the analysis of the content of the two terpenes thymol and carvacrol in different Za’atar extracts. Using the validated analytical method, thymol and carvacrol content results revealed the best vegetable oil for extraction. Results showed that sesame oil had the highest content of thymol and carvacrol, followed by sunflower oil, and the least amount obtained by using olive oil. A consistent extraction result opens an opportunity for application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. For this reason, the essential extraction key parameters that influence the final content of thymol and carvacrol were evaluated. The highest impact originated from the quality and volume of sesame oil. Cold-pressed sesame oil resulted in a 23% higher content of thymol and decreased amount of carvacrol. It was found that wetting the Za’atar leaves powder with sesame oil was enough for extraction; any additional sesame oil volume dilutes the extracted sample. The second impact was the Za’atar cultivation conditions; less than 10% difference of thymol and carvacrol content was observed within Za’atar of Hebron origin. Finally, the origin of sesame seeds used for sesame oil production had the least impact.
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Saber TM, Arisha AH, Abo-Elmaaty AMA, Abdelgawad FE, Metwally MMM, Saber T, Mansour MF. Thymol alleviates imidacloprid-induced testicular toxicity by modulating oxidative stress and expression of steroidogenesis and apoptosis-related genes in adult male rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 221:112435. [PMID: 34171690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present work was designed to assess the potential ameliorative effect of thymol on the testicular toxicity caused by imidacloprid (IMI) in adult male rats. Forty adult male rats were allocated into four groups; control group was given corn oil, thymol-treated group (30 mg/kg b.wt), IMI-treated group (22.5 mg/kg b.wt), and IMI + thymol-treated group. All administrations were done by gavage every day for duration of 56 days. As a result, the IMI exposure caused a significant decline in the body weight change, reproductive organ weights, sperm functional parameters, and serum level of testosterone, widespread histological alterations, and apoptosis in the testis. Additionally, the IMI-treated rats exhibited a remarkable increment in the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Also, IMI induced testicular oxidative stress, as indicated by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a marked decline in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. Moreover, IMI treatment significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of steroidogenic genes and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoexpression in the testicular tissue. However, thymol co-administration significantly mitigated the IMI-induced toxic effects. Our findings suggested that IMI acts as a male reproductive toxicant in rats and thymol could be a potential therapeutic option for IMI reprotoxic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghred M Saber
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Azza M A Abo-Elmaaty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Fathy Elsayed Abdelgawad
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, KSA
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Taisir Saber
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Fouad Mansour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Khan MR, Huang C, Durrani Y, Muhammad A. Chemistry of enzymatic browning in longan fruit as a function of pericarp pH and dehydration and its prevention by essential oil, an alternative approach to SO 2 fumigation. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11539. [PMID: 34178450 PMCID: PMC8210808 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Longan fruit is a rich source of bioactive compounds; however, enzymatic browning of pericarp and microbial decay have limited its postharvest life. SO2 has widely been used to overcome these limitations; however, due to safety and regulatory concerns, alternative means should be identified. In this study, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of thymol (TH) essential oil were investigated against the enzymatic browning and decay of longan fruit. Methods Fruits were coated with TH (4%) for 5 min, sealed in polyethylene (PE) packages and stored at 4 °C for 42 d. Fruits immersed in distilled water (DW) and stored in PE were used as control. Results TH extended the postharvest life of longan to 42 d than 28 d in DW. TH residues decreased from 142 to 11.17 mg kg-1, while no residues were found at day 42. TH significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the respiration rate, inhibited polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activities, sustained high phenols/flavonoids and prevented pericarp browning (BI) than DW. TH also effectively (P ≤ 0.05) maintained the color values, firmness of peel and aril, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), inhibited decay incidence (DI) and resulted in lower ethanol content than DW. BI as a function of pericarp pH was highly correlated; pH and BI (r = 0. 97), with PPO (r = 0.93) and with water loss (r = 0.99). A high coefficient of correlation of BI was found with the pericarp pH, enzymes, phenolic, water loss and decay incidence with ethanol. TH could be the best alternative to SO2 and other synthetic preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chongxing Huang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yasser Durrani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ali Muhammad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Hertiani T, Utami D, Pratiwi ST, Haniastuti T. Eugenol and thymol as potential inhibitors for polymicrobial oral biofilms: An in vitro study. J Int Oral Health 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_247_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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A Review of the Use of Eutectic Solvents, Terpenes and Terpenoids in Liquid–liquid Extraction Processes. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse and abundant applications of the eutectic solvents have appeared in the last years. Their promising tunable properties, eco-friendly character and the possibility of being prepared from numerous compounds have led to the publication of numerous papers addressing their use in different areas. Terpenes and terpenoids have been employed in the formulation of eutectic solvents, though they also have been applied as solvents in extraction processes. For their hydrophobic nature, renewable character, low environmental impact, cost and being non-hazardous, they have also been proposed as possible substitutes of conventional solvents in the separation of organic compounds from aqueous streams, similarly to hydrophobic eutectic solvents. The present work reviews the application of eutectic solvents in liquid–liquid extraction and terpenes and terpenoids in extraction processes. It has been made a research in the current state-of-the-art in these fields, describing the proposed applications of the solvents. It has been highlighted the scale-up feasibility, solvent regeneration and reuse procedures and the comparison of the performance of eutectic solvents, terpenes and terpenoids in extraction with conventional organic solvents or ionic liquids. Ultimately, it has been also discussed the employ of predictive methods in extraction, the reliability of thermodynamic models in correlation of liquid–liquid equilibria and simulation of liquid–liquid extraction processes.
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Cardioprotective effect of thymol against adrenaline-induced myocardial injury in rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04431. [PMID: 32715125 PMCID: PMC7378581 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease represents a vital global disease burden. This study aims to assess the possible cardioprotective effect of thymol against adrenaline-induced myocardial injury (MI) in rats. Furthermore the effect of thymol on cardiac function biomarkers, electrocardiogram (ECG) alterations, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and histopathological changes was assessed. MI was induced by adrenaline (2 mg/kg, s.c.) injected as a single dose for 2 consecutive days (24 h apart). Normal and control groups received the vehicle for 21 consecutive days. The other 3 groups were orally administered thymol (15, 30, 60 mg/kg) for 21 consecutive days and on day 22, adrenaline was injected as a single dose for 2 consecutive days. Then ECG examination, biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical analyses were carried out. Thymol reversed adrenaline-induced reduction of heart rate, prolongation of RR interval and elevation of ST interval. Thymol pretreatment significantly reduced serum aspartate dehydrogenase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) levels in MI rats. Oral pretreatment with thymol increased reduced glutathione (GSH), reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) cardiac contents in MI rats. Additionally, thymol administration significantly decreased protein expression of caspase-3, increased Bcl-2 protein expression in cardiac tissue and ameliorated histopathological changes. This study reveals that thymol exerted cardioprotective effect against adrenaline-induced MI in rats evidenced by improving cardiac function, attenuating ECG and histopathological changes which may be partly mediated through its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect.
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Aly AA, Górecki T. Green Approaches to Sample Preparation Based on Extraction Techniques. Molecules 2020; 25:E1719. [PMID: 32283595 PMCID: PMC7180442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparing a sample for analysis is a crucial step of many analytical procedures. The goal of sample preparation is to provide a representative, homogenous sample that is free of interferences and compatible with the intended analytical method. Green approaches to sample preparation require that the consumption of hazardous organic solvents and energy be minimized or even eliminated in the analytical process. While no sample preparation is clearly the most environmentally friendly approach, complete elimination of this step is not always practical. In such cases, the extraction techniques which use low amounts of solvents or no solvents are considered ideal alternatives. This paper presents an overview of green extraction procedures and sample preparation methodologies, briefly introduces their theoretical principles, and describes the recent developments in food, pharmaceutical, environmental and bioanalytical chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshymaa A. Aly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Menia Governorate 61519, Egypt
| | - Tadeusz Górecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
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Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) Process on Thymol Concentration from Plectranthus Amboinicus Leaves: Kinetic Modeling and Optimization. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymol shows potential medical values and it can be extracted from plants and herbs. In this study, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to extract thymol from Plectranthus amboinicus leaves. From the extraction kinetics analysis of UAE on thymol, it was found that the highest concentration was collected at temperature of 25 °C with 5.51% of thymol concentration yield. An equilibrium-dependent solid–liquid extraction (EDSLE) model was found to be the best fitted model for thymol extraction using UAE. The parameters for optimization were the temperature of extraction (40 to 60 °C), extraction time (20 to 40 min), and the solid to solvent ratio (1:30 to 1:40 g/mL). The optimal UAE conditions were found at a temperature of 55 °C, 23 min of extraction, and a solid–solvent ratio of 1:35 g/mL. The changes in the structural surface of P. amboinicus after undergoing the UAE process were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The possible mechanism of UAE was explained using the SEM images. These findings suggest that UAE is capable of breaking the structural surface of the leaves to extract compounds inside the leaves to the body of the solvent.
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Sáez-Orviz S, Marcet I, Weng S, Rendueles M, Díaz M. PLA nanoparticles loaded with thymol to improve its incorporation into gelatine films. J FOOD ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.109751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ntalli N, Bratidou Parlapani A, Tzani K, Samara M, Boutsis G, Dimou M, Menkissoglu-Spiroudi U, Monokrousos N. Thymus Citriodorus (Schreb) Botanical Products as Ecofriendly Nematicides with Bio-Fertilizing Properties. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020202. [PMID: 32041220 PMCID: PMC7076470 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, interest has surged in the development of plant extracts into botanical nematicides as ecofriendly plant protection products. Aromatic plants are maybe the most studied category of botanicals used in this direction and the yielding essential oils are obtained on a commodity scale by hydro distillation. Nevertheless, can the bioactivity of aromatic plants always be attributed to the terpenes content? What would it mean for soil microcosms to bear the treatment of an essential oil to cure against Meloidogyne sp.? Are there other extraction procedures to prepare more ecofriendly botanical products starting from an aromatic material? Lemon thyme is studied herein for the first time for its nematicidal potential. We compare the efficacy of lemon thyme powder, macerate, water extract and essential oil to control Meloidogyneincognita (Chitwood) and Meloidogyne javanica (Chitwood), and we additionally study the secondary effects on soil microbes and free-living nematodes, as well as on tomato plant growth. According to our results lemon thyme powder enhances tomato plants’ growth in a dose-response manner and when it is incorporated in soil at 1 g kg−1, it exhibits nematicidal activity at a 95% level on M.incognita. The water extract yielding from the same dose is nematicidal only if it is left unfiltered; otherwise only a paralysis effect is demonstrated but inside the soil the biological cycle of the pest is not arrested. The essential oil is good both in performing paralysis and biological cycle arrest, but it detrimentally lowers abundances of bacterial and fungal feeding nematodes. On the contrary, lemon thyme powder and unfiltered water extract augments the bacterial biomass, while the latter also increases the bacterivorous nematodes. Overall, the bio fertilizing lemon thyme powder and its unfiltered water extract successfully control root knot nematodes and are beneficial to soil microbes and saprophytic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Ntalli
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 S. Delta Str., Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, 14561 Athens, Greece; (K.T.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Athanasia Bratidou Parlapani
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.B.P.); (U.M.-S.)
| | - Kaliopi Tzani
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 S. Delta Str., Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, 14561 Athens, Greece; (K.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Samara
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 S. Delta Str., Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, 14561 Athens, Greece; (K.T.); (M.S.)
| | - George Boutsis
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Dimou
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Urania Menkissoglu-Spiroudi
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.B.P.); (U.M.-S.)
| | - Nikolaos Monokrousos
- Department of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Li X, Zhang X, Jian H, Xu X, Xi Y. Biocycle Fermentation Based on Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeast for the Production of Natural Ethyl Lactate. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:16009-16015. [PMID: 31592471 PMCID: PMC6777129 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl lactate is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries, but the complexity of the synthesis process, in particular, involving the addition of organic solvents, hinders its application. Here, we report a natural green strategy to produce ethyl lactate by exploiting the synergistic fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and ester-producing microbes using biomass as a substrate. Interestingly, it is worth noting that the conjugate fermentation has a higher ethyl lactate yield (3.05 g/L) compared to the mixed fermentation (1.32 g/L). The ester production capacity was increased by 2.3 times. These entire processes require only the addition of biomass without introducing any organic solvent. In addition, the obtained catalytic esterification system can reuse the ester-producing microbes by simple centrifugation and maintain over seven cycles of catalysis while it retained a high activity. We firmly believe that the results of this study will provide new ideas for achieving sustainable green production of natural ethyl lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujuan Li
- College
of Food Science, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuanni Zhang
- College
of Food Science, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huali Jian
- College
of Food Science, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College
of Food Science, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- SCAU
Food Institute Co. Ltd, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Yongkang Xi
- School
of Food Science and Technology, South China
University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Analytical chemistry with biosolvents. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4359-4364. [PMID: 30915509 PMCID: PMC6611736 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
One of the current trends in green analytical chemistry is the introduction of green solvents, some of which are biobased. At the same time, the development of the biorefinery concept has allowed more biochemicals to be obtained with increased efficiency and from a wider range of feedstocks. The first examples of the use of biosolvents in analytical applications included extractions performed with alcohols, esters, and terpenes. However, many more applications of biosolvents in extractions of bioactive compounds from various plant materials have also been reported, which hints at a wider range of potential analytical applications of biosolvents. It should also be noted that the biobased solvents applied in analytical chemistry are not always green, as some of them are toxic towards aquatic organisms. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Jyoti, Dheer D, Singh D, Kumar G, Karnatak M, Chandra S, Prakash Verma V, Shankar R. Thymol Chemistry: A Medicinal Toolbox. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407214666180503120222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Thymol is a natural phenolic monoterpenoid widely used in pharmaceutical and
food preservative applications. Thymol isomeric with carvacrol, extracted primarily from Thymus species
(Trachyspermum ammi) and other plants sources such as Baccharisgrise bachii and Centipeda minima,
has ethnopharmacological characteristics.
<p></p>
Methods: This review was prepared by analyzing articles published on thymol moiety in last decade and
selected from Science Direct, Scopus, Pub Med, Web of Science and SciFinder. The selected articles are
classified and gives brief introduction about thymol and its isolation, illustrates its natural as well as
synthetic sources, and also therapeutic benefits of thymol worldwide
<p></p>
Results: Thymol has been covering different endeavors such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory,
antibacterial, antifungal, antidiarrhoeal, anthelmintic, analgesic, digestive, abortifacient,
antihypertensive, spermicidal, depigmenting, antileishmanial, anticholinesterase, insecticidal and many
others. This phenolic compound is among the essential scaffolds for medicinal chemists to synthesize
more bio-active molecules by further derivatization of the thymol moiety.
<p></p>
Conclusion: Thymol is an interesting scaffold due to its different activities and derivatization of thymol
is proved to enhance its biological activities. However, more robust, randomised, controlled clinical
trials would be desirable with well-characterised thymol preparations to corroborate its beneficial effects
in diseased patients. Moreover, in view of the potential use of thymol and thymol-rich essential oils in
the treatment of human infections, comprehensive studies on chronic and acute toxicity and also teratogenicity
are to be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti
- Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Divya Dheer
- Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Davinder Singh
- Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Manvika Karnatak
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Suresh Chandra
- Genetics Resources & Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-IIIM, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
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Effect of emergent non-thermal extraction technologies on bioactive individual compounds profile from different plant materials. Food Res Int 2018; 115:177-190. [PMID: 30599930 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Extraction is the first step for isolation and purification of interesting bioactive compounds, by mixing of the plant material with an adequate solvent. Those bioactive compounds are, usually, secondary metabolites, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids which are present in closed insoluble structures, making its extraction a challenge. There are many different traditional extraction methods, such as Soxhlet, heat reflux, and maceration. Nevertheless, due to several disadvantages, they are being replaced by new methods, using emergent technologies, such as high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasounds, pulsed electric fields, and supercritical fluids. The use of novel technologies allows enhancing mass transfer rates, increasing cell permeability as well as increasing secondary metabolite diffusion, leading to higher extraction yields, fewer impurities on the final extract, extractions at room temperature with thermo-sensitive structures preservation, use of different non-organic solvents, low energy consumption, short operation time, and have no significant or lower effect on the structure of bioactive compounds. This paper aims to review the effect of the main emergent extraction technologies (high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, ultrasounds, and supercritical fluid assisted) on the individual profile of bioactive compounds from plant material.
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Zengin M, Genc H, Taslimi P, Kestane A, Guclu E, Ogutlu A, Karabay O, Gulçin İ. Novel thymol bearing oxypropanolamine derivatives as potent some metabolic enzyme inhibitors - Their antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antibacterial potentials. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:119-126. [PMID: 30118983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of classical and newly synthesized thymol bearing oxypropanolamine compounds were synthesized and characterized. Their in vitro antibacterial activity on A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. aureus strains were investigated with agar well diffusion method. The results were compared with commercially available drug active compounds. As well as 3a, 3b and 3c have the most significant antibacterial effect among all the tested compounds; approximately all of them have more antibacterial activity than the reference drugs. These novel thymol bearing oxypropanolamine derivatives were effective inhibitors of the α-glycosidase, cytosolic carbonic anhydrase I and II isoforms (hCA I and II), and acetylcholinesterase enzymes (AChE) with Ki values in the range of 463.85-851.05 µM for α-glycosidase, 1.11-17.34 µM for hCA I, 2.97-17.83 µM for hCA II, and 13.58-31.45 µM for AChE, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Zengin
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, 54187 Serdivan Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Genc
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, 54187 Serdivan Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Ali Kestane
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, 54187 Serdivan Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Guclu
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, 54290 Adapazarı Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Aziz Ogutlu
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, 54290 Adapazarı Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Oguz Karabay
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, 54290 Adapazarı Sakarya, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gulçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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Purinergic system as a potential target for inflammation and toxicity induced by thymol in immune cells and tissues. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 452:105-110. [PMID: 30066040 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thymol is a phytochemical component present in many plants used as food additive in order to promote animal growth due to its several biological properties. However, possible side effects of thymol remain poorly known limited to few reports. In this sense, we evaluated the enzymes of the purinergic signaling such as, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase), 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA), that play an important role on toxicity induced by excessive adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content in the extracellular environment. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether purinergic signaling could be considered a potential target of thymol-induced inflammation, and the toxicity in tissues and immune cells of mice after thymol administration. NTPDase activity (ATP as substrate) in serum, spleen, and splenic lymphocytes was lower after 30 days of oral treatment at doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg of thymol, while ADA activity was stimulated at 20 and 40 mg/kg. No differences were observed between groups regarding NTPDase (ADP as substrate) and 5'-nucleotidase activities in all evaluated tissues. Based on these evidences, adenine nucleotide hydrolysis is modified in serum, spleen, and splenic lymphocytes of mice treated with thymol, contributing to inflammation and toxicity by a reduction on ATP hydrolyses and its possible accumulation in the extracellular medium and increased Ado desamination and its possible reduction in the extracellular environment, leading to a self-sustained pro-inflammatory deleterious cycle. In summary, all tested thymol concentrations induced inflammation and toxicity in tissues and immune cells of treated mice.
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Lorenzo JM, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Gavahian M, Marszałek K, Eş I, Munekata PES, Ferreira ICFR, Barba FJ. Understanding the potential benefits of thyme and its derived products for food industry and consumer health: From extraction of value-added compounds to the evaluation of bioaccessibility, bioavailability, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2879-2895. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1477730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mohsen Gavahian
- Product and Process Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Krystian Marszałek
- Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ismail Eş
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo E. S. Munekata
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Jardim Elite, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Universitat de València, Faculty of Pharmacy, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Nutrition and Food Science Area, Avda.Vicent Andrés Estellés, Burjassot, València, Spain
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Wan L, Meng D, Wang H, Wan S, Jiang S, Huang S, Wei L, Yu P. Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Thymol in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury Mice Model. Inflammation 2018; 41:183-192. [PMID: 29019091 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening syndrome which causes a high mortality rate worldwide. In traditional medicine, lots of aromatic plants-such as some Thymus species-are used for treatment of various lung diseases including pertussis, bronchitis, and asthma. Thymol, one of the primary active constituent derived from Thymus vulgaris (thyme), has been reported to exhibit potent anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities in vivo and in vitro. The present study aims to investigate the protective effects of thymol in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury mice model. In LPS-challenged mice, treatment with thymol (100 mg/kg) before or after LPS challenge significantly improved pathological changes in lung tissues. Thymol also inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory cells influx, TNF-α and IL-6 releases, and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Additionally, thymol markedly inhibited LPS-induced elevation of MDA and MPO levels, as well as reduction of SOD activity. Further study demonstrated that thymol effectively inhibited the NF-κB activation in the lung. Taken together, these results suggested that thymol might be useful in the therapy of acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dongmei Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shanhe Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shunjun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Pengjiu Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Clarke CJ, Tu WC, Levers O, Bröhl A, Hallett JP. Green and Sustainable Solvents in Chemical Processes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:747-800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 897] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coby J. Clarke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Chien Tu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Levers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bröhl
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jason P. Hallett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Renkema JM, Buitenhuis R, Hallett RH. Reduced Drosophila suzukii Infestation in Berries Using Deterrent Compounds and Laminate Polymer Flakes. INSECTS 2017; 8:E117. [PMID: 29088060 PMCID: PMC5746800 DOI: 10.3390/insects8040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is a recent invasive pest of soft fruits in North and South America and Europe. Control relies on frequent applications of synthetic insecticides. Additional tactics are needed for development of an effective integrated pest management program. Study objectives were to evaluate the repellency and oviposition deterrent capability of compounds in plant essential oils and the effect of select compounds on infestation rates in strawberries, using laminate polymer flakes as a carrier. Of 14 compounds from 5 essential oils, thymol was the most repellent to adult D. suzukii males and females for up to 24 h in the laboratory. Citronellol, geraniol and menthol were moderately repellent. In a choice assay, thymol on cotton wicks adjacent to ripe raspberries reduced female fly landings and larval infestation levels. In a no-choice assay, thymol reduced female fly landings by 60%, larval infestation by 50% and increased fly mortality compared to controls. Neither citronellol alone nor a blend of four repellent compounds was as effective as thymol alone at reducing fly landing, larval infestation, or increasing fly mortality. In a choice assay using polymer flakes, larval infestation was greater in raspberries near untreated flakes than in raspberries near flakes treated with thymol or peppermint oil. In the field, thymol and peppermint flakes reduced larval infestation levels by 25% in strawberries at 4, but not 7, days after application, compared to untreated flakes. With future improvements in application strategies, deterrent compounds may have a role in improving the management of D. suzukii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Renkema
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Rosemarije Buitenhuis
- Vineland Research and Innovation Centre, 4890 Victoria Ave. N., Box 4000, Vineland Station, ON L0R 2E0, Canada.
| | - Rebecca H Hallett
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Poutaraud A, Michelot-Antalik A, Plantureux S. Grasslands: A Source of Secondary Metabolites for Livestock Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6535-6553. [PMID: 28704611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The need for environmentally friendly practices in animal husbandry, in conjunction with the reduction of the use of synthetic chemicals, leads us to reconsider our agricultural production systems. In that context, grassland secondary metabolites (GSMs) could offer an alternative way to support to livestock health. In fact, grasslands, especially those with high dicotyledonous plant species, present a large, pharmacologically active reservoir of secondary metabolites (e.g., phenolic compounds, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, carotenoids, and quinones). These molecules have activities that could improve or deteriorate health and production. This Review presents the main families of GSMs and uses examples to describe their known impact on animal health in husbandry. Techniques involved for their study are also described. A particular focus is put on anti-oxidant activities of GSMs. In fact, numerous husbandry pathologies, such as inflammation, are linked to oxidative stress and can be managed by a diet rich in anti-oxidants. The different approaches and techniques used to evaluate grassland quality for livestock health highlight the lack of efficient and reliable technics to study the activities of this complex phytococktail. Better knowledge and management of this animal health resource constitute a new multidisciplinary research field and a challenge to maintain and valorize grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Poutaraud
- Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, INRA , UMR 1121, Colmar, 29 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68021 Colmar Cedex, France
| | - Alice Michelot-Antalik
- Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, Université de Lorraine , UMR 1121, 2 Avenue de la forêt de Haye - TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Plantureux
- Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, Université de Lorraine , UMR 1121, 2 Avenue de la forêt de Haye - TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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35
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Calinescu I, Asofiei I, Gavrila AI, Trifan A, Ighigeanu D, Martin D, Matei C, Buleandra M. Integrating Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Essential Oils and Polyphenols from Rosemary and Thyme Leaves. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2017.1328678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Calinescu
- Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Asofiei
- Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina Ionuta Gavrila
- Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Trifan
- Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Ighigeanu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Diana Martin
- SC HOFIGAL SA, 2 Intrarea Serelor, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Matei
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Mihaela Buleandra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Asadbegi M, Yaghmaei P, Salehi I, Komaki A, Ebrahim-Habibi A. Investigation of thymol effect on learning and memory impairment induced by intrahippocampal injection of amyloid beta peptide in high fat diet- fed rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:827-839. [PMID: 28255862 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and consumption of a high fat diet (HFD) are known to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we have examined the protective and therapeutic effects of thymol (main monoterpene phenol found in thyme essential oil) on a HFD-fed rat model of AD. Fourty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups:(n = 8 rats/group): group 1, control, consumed an ordinary diet, group 2 consumed a HFD for 8 weeks, then received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) via intrahippocampal (IHP) injection, group 3 consumed HFD for 8 weeks, then received beta-amyloid (Aβ)1-42 via IHP injections to induce AD, group 4 consumed HFD for 8 weeks, then received Aβ1-42, and was treated by thymol (30 mg/kg in sunflower oil) daily for 4 weeks, and group 5 consumed HFD for 8 week, then received Aβ1-42 after what sunflower oil was administered by oral gavage daily for 4 weeks. Biochemical tests showed an impaired lipid profile and higher glucose levels upon consumption of HFD, which was ameliorated by thymol treatment. In behavioral results, spatial memory in group 3 was significantly impaired, but groups treated with thymol showed better spatial memory compared to group 3 (p ≤ 0.01). In histological results, formation of Aβ plaque in hippocampus of group 3 increased significantly compared to group 1 and group 2 (p ≤ 0.05), but group 4 showed decreased Aβ plaques compared to group 3 (p ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, thymol decreased the effects of Aβ on memory and could be considered as neuroprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Asadbegi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ebrahim-Habibi
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411413137, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Comparison of the volatile antioxidant contents in the aqueous and methanolic extracts of a set of commercial spices and condiments. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Bioactives Obtained From Plants, Seaweeds, Microalgae and Food By-Products Using Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Supercritical Fluid Extraction. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Checcucci A, Maida I, Bacci G, Ninno C, Bilia AR, Biffi S, Firenzuoli F, Flamini G, Fani R, Mengoni A. Is the plant-associated microbiota of Thymus spp. adapted to plant essential oil? Res Microbiol 2016; 168:276-282. [PMID: 27884782 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether the microbiota of two related aromatic thyme species, Thymus vulgaris and Thymus citriodorus, differs in relation to the composition of the respective essential oil (EO). A total of 576 bacterial isolates were obtained from three districts (leaves, roots and rhizospheric soil). They were taxonomically characterized and inspected for tolerance to the EO from the two thyme species. A district-related taxonomic pattern was found. In particular, high taxonomic diversity among the isolates from leaves was detected. Moreover, data obtained revealed a differential pattern of resistance of the isolates to EOs extracted from T. vulgaris and T. citriodorus, which was interpreted in terms of differing chemical composition of the EO of their respective host plants. In conclusion, we suggest that bacterial colonization of leaves in Thymus spp. is influenced by the EO present in leaf glandular tissue as one of the selective forces shaping endophytic community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Checcucci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Isabel Maida
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bacci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Cristina Ninno
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Sauro Biffi
- Il giardino delle Erbe, "Augusto Rinaldi Ceroni", Casola Valsenio, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Fabio Firenzuoli
- Centre for Integrative Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Guido Flamini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Alessio Mengoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.
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Melka AE, Makonnen E, Debella A, Fekadu N, Geleta B. Diuretic activity of the aqueous crude extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of Thymus serrulatus in mice. J Exp Pharmacol 2016; 8:61-67. [PMID: 27843358 PMCID: PMC5098781 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s121133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the diuretic activity and acute toxicity profile of the crude aqueous extract and solvent fraction of the leaves of Thymus serrulatus in saline-loaded Swiss albino mice. Mice of either sex were divided into six groups (five animals in each group). The control group received normal saline (25 mL/kg), while the reference group received hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg). Group III to Group VI received the test substances at dose levels of 125, 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg orally, respectively. At the end of the fifth hour, urine was collected, and total volume of urine excreted by each animal was recorded. Concentrations of urinary Na+ and K+ were determined, and the Na+/K+ ratio was calculated to make comparison among the groups. The acute toxicity of the most active fraction was also evaluated. The findings demonstrated that the crude aqueous extract of T. serrulatus leaves showed significant diuretic (P<0.01), natriuretic (P<0.01), and kaliuretic (P<0.01) effects. At the dose of 1,000 mg/kg, the n-butanol fraction demonstrated the highest diuretic activity comparable to the reference drug. It also showed a good natriuretic activity. The dichloromethane fraction, however, did not have significant diuretic activity. Both the crude aqueous extract of the leaves of T. serrulatus and its n-butanol fraction have diuretic activity with high concentration of urinary electrolytes in mice. Further studies, however, need to be pursued on the possible mechanism(s) of diuretic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelework Eshetu Melka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asfaw Debella
- Directorate of Traditional and Modern Medicine Research, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Netsanet Fekadu
- Directorate of Traditional and Modern Medicine Research, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bekesho Geleta
- Directorate of Traditional and Modern Medicine Research, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Labib GS, Aldawsari H. Innovation of natural essential oil-loaded Orabase for local treatment of oral candidiasis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:3349-59. [PMID: 26170621 PMCID: PMC4492630 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s85356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral candidiasis may be manifested in the oral cavity as either mild or severe oral fungal infection. This infection results from the overgrowth of Candida species normally existing in the oral cavity in minute amounts based on many predisposing factors. Several aspects have spurred the search for new strategies in the treatment of oral candidiasis, among which are the limited numbers of new antifungal drugs developed in recent years. Previous studies have shown that thyme and clove oils have antimycotic activities and have suggested their incorporation into pharmaceutical preparations. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of the incorporation and characterization of essential oils or their extracted active ingredients in Orabase formulations. METHODS Orabase loaded with clove oil, thyme oil, eugenol, and thymol were prepared and evaluated for their antifungal activities, pH, viscosity, erosion and water uptake characteristics, mechanical properties, in vitro release behavior, and ex vivo mucoadhesion properties. RESULTS All prepared bases showed considerable antifungal activity and acceptable physical characteristics. The release pattern from loaded bases was considerably slow for all oils and active ingredients. All bases showed appreciable adhesion in the in vitro and ex vivo studies. CONCLUSION The incorporation of essential oils in Orabase could help in future drug delivery design, with promising outcomes on patients' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan S Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hibah Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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