1
|
Wei G, Guo X, Liang Y, Liu C, Zhang G, Liang C, Huang Z, Zheng Y, Chen S, Dong L. Occurrence of fungi and mycotoxins in herbal medicines and rapid detection of toxin-producing fungi. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122082. [PMID: 37343918 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Contamination from external hazardous materials may greatly influence the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines. This paper aimed to evaluate the levels of contamination by mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi in herbal medicines and establish a rapid method for detecting toxin-producing fungi. Herein, 62.92%, 36.25%, and 64.17% of herbal medicines were contaminated by aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxins, and fumonisins, respectively. Aspergillus (43.77%), Fusarium (5.17%), and Cladosporium (4.46%) were the three predominant genera. Spearman's correlation results showed that Aspergillus and Fusarium were significantly and positively correlated with mycotoxin content (R > 0.5, P < 0.05). In addition, 323 fungal strains were isolated from herbal medicines, and 20 species were identified, mainly belonging to Aspergillus and Penicillium. Analysis of potential mycotoxin-producing fungi showed that Aspergillus flavus can produce AFs, and Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus niger can produce ochratoxin A (OTA). Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that A. flavus harbored AF synthesis genes (aflR), and A. ochraceus and A. niger harbored OTA synthesis genes (aoksl). With these synthesis genes, 67.07% and 37.20% of 164 herbal medicines were positive for toxigenic genes. Furthermore, an excellent correlation was found between the above gene copies and mycotoxin content (R2 = 0.99). Our results confirmed the high detection rate of mycotoxins in herbal medicines and identified pivotal AF- and OTA-producing fungi. In conclusion, this paper provided the contamination status of fungi and mycotoxins in herbal medicines and established a rapid method for detecting toxigenic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yichuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Congsheng Liu
- Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Fujian, 363099, China
| | - Guozhuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Conglian Liang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Zhixin Huang
- Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Fujian, 363099, China
| | - Yuqing Zheng
- Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Fujian, 363099, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Linlin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering–Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Detection of Chloramphenicol Antibiotics Using Au@Ag Nanoparticles. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
3
|
El Alami El Hassani N, Bouchikhi B, El Bari N. Recent development of an electrochemical imprinted sensor for the detection of trace-level of unmetabolized aflatoxin B2 in dairy milk. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
4
|
Liu L, Tanveer ZI, Jiang K, Huang Q, Zhang J, Wu Y, Han Z. Label-Free Fluorescent Aptasensor for Ochratoxin-A Detection Based on CdTe Quantum Dots and ( N-Methyl-4-pyridyl) Porphyrin. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11080447. [PMID: 31357671 PMCID: PMC6724026 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With the widespread contamination of ochratoxin A (OTA), it is of significant importance for detecting OTA in foods and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this study, a novel label-free fluorescent aptasensor utilizing the interaction between OTA-triggered antiparallel G-quadruplex and (N-methyl-4-pyridy) porphyrin (TMPyP) for the rapid and sensitive determination of OTA was established. The fluorescence of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) could be quenched by TMPyP. In the presence of analyte (OTA), the aptamer could recognize OTA and transform from a random coil to the antiparallel G-quadruplex. The interaction between G-quadruplex and TMPyP could release CdTe QDs from TMPyP, and thus recover the fluorescence of CdTe QDs. Under optimized conditions, the detection limit of the designed aptasensor was 0.16 ng mL−1, with a linear range of 0.2 to 20 ng mL−1. Furthermore, this aptasensor showed high selectivity toward OTA against other structural analogs and other mycotoxins, and was successfully applied in Astragalus membranaceus samples. The presented aptasensor for OTA detection could be a promising tool for the field monitoring of food and TCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zafar Iqbal Tanveer
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Keqiu Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingwen Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongjiang Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zheng Han
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu X, Liu X, Huang P, Wei F, Ying G, Zhang S, Lu J, Zhou L, Kong W. Regeneration and Reuse of Immunoaffinity Column for Highly Efficient Clean-Up and Economic Detection of Ochratoxin A in Malt and Ginger. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E462. [PMID: 30413078 PMCID: PMC6266469 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoaffinity columns (IACs) are most popularly used for mycotoxin clean-up in complex matrices prior to chromatographic analysis. But, their high cost has limited their wide application and the regeneration of IACs for multiple instances of reuse is important. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of regeneration and reuse of IACs for purification of ochratoxin A (OTA) in spiked raw malt and dried ginger samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. After each use, the IACs were filled with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as the preservation solution and stored at 8 °C overnight for regeneration and reuse until the recovery rate was <70%. The results showed that matrix type, preparation procedure, and pH value of sample extraction exhibited major effects on the reuse of IACs for OTA clean-up. While, after modifying the sample preparation procedure using water as the diluent and the solution at a pH of 7 to 8, the IACs could be used eight and three times for the spiked raw malt and dried ginger samples with OTA after regeneration. Regarding the traditional procedure recommended in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition), the IACs could be used for three and two times for the spiked raw malt and dried ginger samples with OTA, respectively. Therefore, the corresponding experimental cost could be reduced to one-eighth and one-third of the original cost. This is the first study on the regeneration and reuse of IACs for OTA clean-up in complex Chinese herbal medicines, providing a green and economical tool for a large number of samples analysis with low cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Pharmacy College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Pinxuan Huang
- Pharmacy College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fang Wei
- Pharmacy College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guangyao Ying
- Pharmacy College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Jinghua Lu
- Pharmacy College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
| | - Lidong Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Weijun Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube for One-Step Cleanup of 21 Mycotoxins in Corn and Wheat Prior to Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography⁻Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10100409. [PMID: 30308981 PMCID: PMC6215200 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One-step solid-phase extraction (SPE) using a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) for simultaneous analysis of 21 mycotoxins, including nine trichothecenes, zearalenone (ZEN) and its derivatives, four aflatoxins, and two ochratoxins, in corn and wheat was developed. Several key parameters affecting the performance of the one-step SPE procedure—types of MWCNT, combinations with five sorbents (octadecylsilyl (C18), hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB), mixed-mode cationic exchange (MCX), silica gel, and amino-propyl (NH2)), and filling amounts of the MWCNTs—were thoroughly investigated. The combination of 20 mg carboxylic MWCNT and 200 mg C18 was proven to be the most effective, allowing the quantification of all analyzed mycotoxins in corn and wheat. Under the optimized cleanup procedure prior to ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) analysis, the method was validated by analyzing samples spiked at the limit of quantification (LOQ), two-times LOQ, and 10-times LOQ. Satisfactory linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9910), high sensitivity (LOQ in different ranges of 0.5–25 μg L−1), good recovery (75.6–110.3%), and acceptable precision (relative standard deviation (RSD), 0.3–10.7%) were obtained. The applicability of the method was further confirmed using raw samples of corn and wheat. In conclusion, the established method was rapid, simple and reliable for simultaneous analysis of 21 mycotoxins in corn and wheat.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu C, Dou X, Zhang L, Kong W, Wu L, Duan Y, Yang M. Development of a broad-specificity antibody-based immunoassay for triazines in ginger and the quantitative structure-activity relationship study of cross-reactive molecules by molecular modeling. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1012:90-99. [PMID: 29475478 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, molecular modeling and principle component analysis (PCA) were used to select appropriate haptens for group detection of triazine herbicides. Four new structures together with three reported triazine derivatives were chosen for the screening of immunizing and coating haptens. A total of 31 triazines coupled with a 3D-QSAR methodology were employed to investigate the relationship between antigen-antibody recognition and molecular structures, the results of which revealed that the antibodies may recognize triazines from the side of molecules with the distinguishing atom and a steric volume matching with the spatial structure of antibodies. Finally, a broad-specificity heterologous immunoassay was developed for determining 10 triazine herbicides in ginger, where the detection limits were 2.5-15.1 μg kg-1 and recoveries were 67.9-102.6%. This study may broaden insight into triazine-antibody interactions and benefit designing novel performance-enhanced antibodies. The developed immunoassay can be further used for triazine detection in other complicated matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaowen Dou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weijun Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yaping Duan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun S, Yao K, Zhao S, Zheng P, Wang S, Zeng Y, Liang D, Ke Y, Jiang H. Determination of aflatoxin and zearalenone analogs in edible and medicinal herbs using a group-specific immunoaffinity column coupled to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:228-236. [PMID: 29909149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Six aflatoxins (AFs; AF B1, B2, G1, G2, M1 and M2) and six zearalenone (ZEN) analogs (ZEN, zearalanone, α-zeralanol, β-zeralanol, α-zearalenol, and β-zearalenol) were simultaneously extracted from edible and medicinal herbs using a group-specific immunoaffinity column (IAC) and then identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The IAC was prepared by coupling N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated Sepharose 4B Fast Flow gel with two group-specific monoclonal antibodies. The column capacities to six AFs and six ZEN analogs ranged from 100.2 ng to 167.1 ng and from 59.5 ng to 244.4 ng, respectively. The IAC-UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated with three different matrices (Chinese yam [Dioscorea polystachya], Platycodon grandiflorum and coix seed [Semen Coicis]). Recoveries of twelve analytes from edible and medicinal herbs were in the range of 64.7%-112.1%, with relative standard deviations below 13.7%. The limits of quantification were in the range from 0.08 μg kg-1 to 0.2 μg kg-1. The method was proven to be sensitive and accurate, and suitable for the determination of real samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijun Zhao
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Pimiao Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Zeng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Demei Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang G, Zhu C, Huang Y, Yan J, Chen A. A Lateral Flow Strip Based Aptasensor for Detection of Ochratoxin A in Corn Samples. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020291. [PMID: 29385022 PMCID: PMC6017962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin identified as a contaminant in grains and wine throughout the world, and convenient, rapid and sensitive detection methods for OTA have been a long-felt need for food safety monitoring. Herein, we presented a new competitive format based lateral flow strip fluorescent aptasensor for one-step determination of OTA in corn samples. Briefly, biotin-cDNA was immobilized on the surface of a nitrocellulose filter on the test line. Without OTA, Cy5-labeled aptamer combined with complementary strands formed a stable double helix. In the presence of OTA, however, the Cy5-aptamer/OTA complexes were generated, and therefore less free aptamer was captured in the test zone, leading to an obvious decrease in fluorescent signals on the test line. The test strip showed an excellent linear relationship in the range from 1 ng·mL−1 to 1000 ng·mL−1 with the LOD of 0.40 ng·mL−1, IC15 value of 3.46 ng·mL−1 and recoveries from 96.4% to 104.67% in spiked corn samples. Thus, the strip sensor developed in this study is an acceptable alternative for rapid detection of the OTA level in grain samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Chao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yafei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Ailiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang Z, Wang H, Ying G, Yang M, Nian Y, Liu J, Kong W. Relationship of Mycotoxins Accumulation and Bioactive Components Variation in Ginger after Fungal Inoculation. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:331. [PMID: 28626424 PMCID: PMC5454032 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger has got increasing worldwide interests due to its extensive biological activities, along with high medical and edible values. But fungal contamination and mycotoxin residues have brought challenges to its quality and safety. In the present study, the relationship of content of mycotoxins accumulation and bioactive components variation in ginger after infection by toxigenic fungi were investigated for the first time to elucidate the influence of fungal contamination on the inherent quality of ginger. After being infected by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus carbonarius for different periods, the produced mycotoxins was determined by an immunoaffinity column clean-up based ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, and the main bioactive components in ginger were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection. The results showed that consecutive incubation of ginger with A. flavus and A. carbonarius within 20 days resulted in the production and accumulation of aflatoxins (especially AFB1) and ochratoxin A, as well as the constant content reduction of four bioactive components, which were confirmed through the scanning electron microscope images. Significantly negative correlation was expressed between the mycotoxins accumulation and bioactive components variation in ginger, which might influence the quality and safety of it. Furthermore, a new compound was detected after inoculation for 6 days, which was found in our study for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbin, China
| | - Haiwei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbin, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Guangyao Ying
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhou, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Yujiao Nian
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbin, China
| | - Weijun Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| |
Collapse
|