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Kasote DM, Lei Z, Kranawetter CD, Conway-Anderson A, Sumner BW, Sumner LW. A Novel UHPLC-MS/MS Based Method for Isomeric Separation and Quantitative Determination of Cyanogenic Glycosides in American Elderberry. Metabolites 2024; 14:360. [PMID: 39057683 PMCID: PMC11279188 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
LC-MS/MS analyses have been reported as challenging for the reliable separation and quantification of cyanogenic glycosides (CNGs), especially (R)-prunasin and sambunigrin isomers found in American elderberry (Sambucus nigra L. subsp. canadensis (L.) Bolli). Hence, a novel multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated in the present study for simultaneous separation and quantification of five CNGs, including amygdalin, dhurrin, linamarin, (R)-prunasin, and (S)-prunasin (commonly referred to as sambunigrin). Initially, the role of ammonium formate was investigated as an aqueous mobile-phase additive in developing MRM-based UHPLC-MS/MS. Later, chromatographic conditions for the resolved separation of (R)-prunasin and sambunigrin were identified. Validation studies confirmed that the developed method has good linearity and acceptable precision and accuracy. A noticeable matrix effect (mainly signal enhancement) was observed in leaf samples only. This method was used to detect and quantify CNGs, including (R)-prunasin and sambunigrin, in leaf and fruit samples of American elderberry. Among the studied CNGs, only (R)-prunasin was detected in the leaf samples. Interestingly, (S)-prunasin (sambunigrin) was not detected in the samples analyzed, even though it has been previously reported in elderberry species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak M. Kasote
- Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.M.K.); (B.W.S.)
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.M.K.); (B.W.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | | | | | - Barbara W. Sumner
- Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.M.K.); (B.W.S.)
| | - Lloyd W. Sumner
- Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.M.K.); (B.W.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
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Uhl K, Mitchell AE. Elderberry, an Ancient Remedy: A Comprehensive Study of the Bioactive Compounds in Three Sambucus nigra L. Subspecies. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2024; 15:27-51. [PMID: 38211940 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-072023-034423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Elderberry, the fruit of Sambucus nigra, has become a popular inclusion in foods, beverages, supplements, and more in recent years. Although the European subspecies, S. nigra ssp. nigra, has been widely studied for its composition, particularly for phenolic and volatile profiles, other subspecies, such as the American elderberry S. nigra ssp. canadensis and the blue elderberry S. nigra ssp. cerulea, have also become contenders in the elderberry supply chain. For the first time, the composition (including micronutrients, macronutrients, organic acids, titratable acid, soluble solids, phenolic compounds, and cyanogenic glycosides) of these three subspecies of elderberry is compared, highlighting the unique qualities of each subspecies and identifying gaps in the available data on the three subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Uhl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California, USA; ,
| | - Alyson E Mitchell
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California, USA; ,
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Sun Y, Feng J, Hou W, Qi H, Liu Y. Comprehensive insights into areca nut: active components and omics technologies for bioactivity evaluation and quality control. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1407212. [PMID: 38873426 PMCID: PMC11169615 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1407212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Areca nut (AN), the fruit or seed of Areca catechu Linn, has many uses, including chewing and medicinal purposes. It has sparked worries about health due to the presence of alkaloids. Chewing AN may have a variety of negative consequences; however, the medicinal use of AN has no notable adverse effects. To completely understand and effectively use AN, researchers have investigated its chemical makeup or biological activity, analyzed the variations between different AN species and different periods, and improved extraction and processing procedures. Today, an increasing number of researchers are exploring the underlying reasons for AN variations, as well as the molecular mechanisms of biosynthesis of chemical components, to comprehend and change AN at the genetic level. This review presents an overview of the clinical study, pharmacology, and detection of the main bioactive components in AN, and the main factors influencing their content, delving into the omics applications in AN research. On the basis of the discussions and summaries, this review identifies current research gaps and proposes future directions for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, International Joint Research Center for Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Wencheng Hou
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, International Joint Research Center for Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Huasha Qi
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, International Joint Research Center for Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, International Joint Research Center for Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
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Rodríguez Madrera R, Pando Bedriñana R. The Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Microflora of Wild Elderberry in Asturias (Northern Spain): An Untapped Resource of Great Interest. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1986. [PMID: 38001839 PMCID: PMC10669248 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is the characterization of the phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of elderberries (Sambucus nigra L.) from a collection of 79 wild specimens in northern Spain to assess variations in the species at the local level and evaluate its interest as a source of biocompounds. Also, a first study was carried out on the microflora present in this fruit, providing information relevant to its commercial exploitation. Moreover, the phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity and microbial composition in overripe fruits were determined, seeking a better use for this currently wasted resource. A wide variability in levels of phenolics was detected. Elderberries showed high antioxidant activity related to a high cyanidin derivative content, making them of interest to industry. Microflorae were present in very variable concentration ranges, so their levels should be monitored in those applications that require strict control. Overripe fruits are of interest as a source of anthocyanidins, since their concentration and antioxidant capacity remain after the optimal ripening period, promoting sustainability and a better use of natural resources. The database generated is of particular interest for further breeding trials based on the phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rodríguez Madrera
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), E-33300 Villaviciosa, Spain;
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Boyarskikh IG, Artemov IA, Kuznetsov AA, Kostikova VA. Changes in Profiles of Classes and of Individual Polyphenols in Leaves of Spiraea chamaedryfolia and Spiraea media along an Altitudinal Gradient. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2977. [PMID: 37631188 PMCID: PMC10458703 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants in high-altitude habitats are exposed to severe environmental stressors, including extreme temperatures and irradiation, which can have wide-ranging effects on changes of secondary-metabolite profiles in higher plants. Altitude-related variation of levels of polyphenols in organs of medicinal and food plant species has not yet been investigated sufficiently. This study was focused on variation in quantitative profiles of classes and of individual biologically active phenolic compounds in leaf extracts of resource species Spiraea chamaedryfolia and Spiraea media from the family Rosaceae in coenopopulations of the Altai Mountains, along an altitudinal gradient. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed 22 polyphenolic compounds in the extracts of S. media leaves, with the main polyphenolic compounds being flavonols. Sixteen compounds were found in S. chamaedryfolia leaf extracts, and the major ones were flavonols and a flavanone. Opposite responses to changes in the altitude-associated growth conditions were documented for levels of some individual polyphenolic compounds. With an increase in altitude, concentrations of chlorogenic acid and of flavanone in the extracts of S. chamaedryfolia leaves significantly increased, while concentrations of cinnamic acid, astragalin, and kaempferol diminished. A statistically significant positive correlation between the altitude of plant habitats and total levels of polyphenols and phenolcarboxylic acids was detected. In leaf extracts from S. media, an altitude increase was significantly positively correlated with astragalin, avicularin, and cinnamic acid levels and negatively correlated with hyperoside concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G. Boyarskikh
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.G.B.)
- Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor A. Artemov
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.G.B.)
| | | | - Vera A. Kostikova
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.G.B.)
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Papagrigoriou T, Iliadi P, Mitić MN, Mrmošanin JM, Papanastasi K, Karapatzak E, Maloupa E, Gkourogianni AV, Badeka AV, Krigas N, Lazari D. Wild-Growing and Conventionally or Organically Cultivated Sambucus nigra Germplasm: Fruit Phytochemical Profile, Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Leaf Elements. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1701. [PMID: 37111924 PMCID: PMC10146997 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
European elder or elderberry (Sambucus nigra L., Viburnaceae) is a plant species with known high pharmaceutical and nutritional value. However, the Greek native germplasm of S. nigra has not been adequately utilized to date as in other regions. This study evaluates the fruit antioxidant potential (total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity) of wild-growing and cultivated germplasm of Greek S. nigra. In addition, nine cultivated Greek S. nigra genotypes were evaluated regarding the effects of fertilization (conventional and organic) on fruit phytochemical and physicochemical potential (total flavonoids, ascorbic acid content, pH, total soluble solids, and total acidity), as well as on the antioxidant potential (total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity) of fruits and leaves. Additionally, an analysis of macro- and micro-elements in the leaves of the cultivated germplasm was performed. The results demonstrated comparatively higher total phenolic contents of fruits of cultivated germplasm. The genotype was the decisive factor in the fruits' phytochemical potential and leaves' total phenolic content of cultivated S. nigra germplasm. Similarly, fertilization regime effects were found to be genotype-dependent, affecting fruit phytochemical and physicochemical attributes. The trace element analysis results were similar, with genotypes varying significantly in their concentrations of macro- and micro-elements. The current work builds on previous domestication attempts for Greek S. nigra, providing new data on the phytochemical potential of this important nutraceutical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Papagrigoriou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiota Iliadi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Milan N. Mitić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Jelena M. Mrmošanin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Katerina Papanastasi
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Karapatzak
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Maloupa
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexia V. Gkourogianni
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anastasia V. Badeka
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Osman AG, Avula B, Katragunta K, Ali Z, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA. Elderberry Extracts: Characterization of the Polyphenolic Chemical Composition, Quality Consistency, Safety, Adulteration, and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress- and Inflammation-Induced Health Disorders. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073148. [PMID: 37049909 PMCID: PMC10096080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Elderberry is highly reputed for its health-improving effects. Multiple pieces of evidence indicate that the consumption of berries is linked to enhancing human health and preventing or delaying the onset of chronic medical conditions. Compared with other fruit, elderberry is a very rich source of anthocyanins (approximately 80% of the polyphenol content). These polyphenols are the principals that essentially contribute to the high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities and the health benefits of elderberry fruit extract. These health effects include attenuation of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory disorders, as well as anti-diabetic, anticancer, antiviral, and immuno-stimulatory effects. Sales of elderberry supplements skyrocketed to $320 million over the year 2020, according to an American Botanical Council (ABC) report, which is attributable to the purported immune-enhancing effects of elderberry. In the current review, the chemical composition of the polyphenolic content of the European elderberry (Sambucus nigra) and the American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), as well as the analytical techniques employed to analyze, characterize, and ascertain the chemical consistency will be addressed. Further, the factors that influence the consistency of the polyphenolic chemical composition, and hence, the consistency of the health benefits of elderberry extracts will be presented. Additionally, adulteration and safety as factors contributing to consistency will be covered. The role of elderberry in enhancing human health alone with the pharmacological basis, the cellular pathways, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed health benefits of elderberry fruit extracts will be also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. Osman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Kumar Katragunta
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Amar G. Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Ye LJ, Möller M, Luo YH, Zou JY, Zheng W, Liu J, Li DZ, Gao LM. Variation in gene expression along an elevation gradient of Rhododendron sanguineum var. haemaleum assessed in a comparative transcriptomic analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1133065. [PMID: 37025136 PMCID: PMC10070981 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1133065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Selection along environmental gradients may play a vital role in driving adaptive evolution. Nevertheless, genomic variation and genetic adaptation along environmental clines remains largely unknown in plants in alpine ecosystems. To close this knowledge gap, we assayed transcriptomic profiles of late flower bud and early leaf bud of Rhododendron sanguineum var. haemaleum from four different elevational belts between 3,000 m and 3,800 m in the Gaoligong Mountains. By comparing differences in gene expression of these samples, a gene co-expression network (WGCNA) was constructed to identify candidate genes related to elevation. We found that the overall gene expression patterns are organ-specific for the flower and leaf. Differentially expressed unigenes were identified in these organs. In flowers, these were mainly related to terpenoid metabolism (RsHMGR, RsTPS), while in leaves mainly related to anthocyanin biosynthesis (RsCHS, RsF3'5'H). Terpenoids are the main components of flower scent (fragrance) likely attracting insects for pollination. In response to fewer pollinators at higher elevation zone, it seems relatively less scent is produced in flower organs to reduce energy consumption. Secondary metabolites in leaves such as anthocyanins determine the plants' alternative adaptive strategy to extreme environments, such as selective pressures of insect herbivory from environmental changes and substrate competition in biosynthesis pathways at high elevations. Our findings indicated that the gene expression profiles generated from flower and leaf organs showed parallel expression shifts but with different functionality, suggesting the existence of flexibility in response strategies of plants exposed to heterogeneous environments across elevational gradients. The genes identified here are likely to be involved in the adaptation of the plants to these varying mountainous environments. This study thus contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of adaptation in response to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jiang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Biodiversity of Jiangxi Province, Jingdezhen University, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Michael Möller
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ya-Huang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia-Yun Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lian-Ming Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, Yunnan, China
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The Effect of the Plant Stabilisation Method on the Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Elderflower ( Sambucus nigra L.) Extract. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052365. [PMID: 36903609 PMCID: PMC10005409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Elderflower extracts are known to be a source of valuable substances that show a wide spectrum of biological activity, including antibacterial and antiviral properties, which demonstrate a degree of effectiveness against SARS CoV-2. In this work, the influence of fresh inflorescence stabilisation methods (freezing, air drying, and lyophilisation) and extraction parameters on the composition and antioxidant properties of the extracts were studied. Wild elderflower plants growing in the Małopolska Region of Poland were studied. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging ability and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. The total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the phytochemical profile of the extracts was analysed using HPLC. The obtained results showed that the best method for the stabilisation of elderflower was lyophilisation, and the determined optimal maceration parameters were 60% methanol as a solvent and a process time of 1-2 days.
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Skowrońska W, Bazylko A. The Potential of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products in the Treatment of Burns and Sunburn-A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020633. [PMID: 36839954 PMCID: PMC9958865 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating burns remains a challenge for modern medicine, especially in developing countries that cannot afford expensive, advanced therapies. This review article summarises clinical and animal model studies of botanical preparations and their mixtures in treating burn wounds and sunburn. Articles available in electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar, published in English in 2010-2022, were considered. In the described clinical trials, it was shown that some herbal preparations have better effectiveness in treating burn wounds, including shortening the healing time and reducing inflammation, than the conventional treatment used hitherto. These herbal preparations contained extracts from Albizia julibrissin, Alkanna tinctoria, Aloe vera, Arnebia euchroma, Betula pendula and Betula pubescens, Centella asiatica, Hippophaë rhamnoides, Juglans regia, Lawsonia inermis, and mixtures of Matricaria chamomilla and Rosa canina. Research on animal models shows that many extracts may potentially benefit the treatment of burn wounds and sunburn. Due to the diverse mechanism of action, antibacterial activity, the safety of use and cost-effectiveness, herbal preparations can compete with conventional treatment. The growing interest in alternative medicine and herbal medicine encourages further research. Not only single preparations but also their mixtures should be taken into account because the research conducted so far often suggests a synergistic effect of the ingredients.
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Maksimova V, Drakalska Sersemova E, Vasileva M. Potential use of Sambucus nigra ointments for skin treatment in ethnomedicine in Republic of North Macedonia. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2022. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Maksimova
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Krste Misirkov bb, 2000 Shtip, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Elena Drakalska Sersemova
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Krste Misirkov bb, 2000 Shtip, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Mirela Vasileva
- Clinical Hospital-Stip, Ljuben Ivanov bb, 2000 Shtip, Republic of North Macedonia
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12
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Lei L, Yuan X, Fu K, Chen Y, Lu Y, Shou N, Wu D, Chen X, Shi J, Zhang M, Chen Z, Shi Z. Pseudotargeted metabolomics revealed the adaptive mechanism of Draba oreades Schrenk at high altitude. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1052640. [PMID: 36570906 PMCID: PMC9784223 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1052640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Strong ultraviolet radiation and low temperature environment on Gangshika Mountain, located in the eastern part of the Qilian Mountains in Qinghai Province, can force plants to produce some special secondary metabolites for resisting severe environmental stress. However, the adaptive mechanism of Draba oreades Schrenk at high altitude are still unclear. In the current study, Draba oreades Schrenk from the Gangshika Mountain at altitudes of 3800 m, 4000 m and 4200 m were collected for comprehensive metabolic evaluation using pseudotargeted metabolomics method. Through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, we found that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism related to the biosynthesis of flavonoids were up-regulated in the high-altitude group, which may enhance the environmental adaptability to strong ultraviolet intensity and low temperature stress in high altitude areas. By TopFc20 distribution diagram, the content of flavonoids gradually increased with the elevation of altitude, mainly including apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, hesperidin, kaempferol and their derivatives. Based on the random forest model, 10 important metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers. L-phenylalanine, L-histidine, naringenin-7-O-Rutinoside-4'-O-glucoside and apigenin related to the flavonoids biosynthesis and plant disease resistance were increased with the elevation of altitude. This study provided important insights for the adaptive mechanism of Draba oreades Schrenk at high altitude by pseudotargeted metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lei
- Clinical Psychology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defect Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Xuefeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yijun Lu
- Clinical Psychology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defect Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Na Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Metabolomics Detection Department, Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Minjuan Zhang
- Metabolomics Detection Department, Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Zunji Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Solar A, Medic A, Slatnar A, Mikulic-Petkovsek M, Botta R, Rovira M, Sarraquigne JP, Silva AP, Veberic R, Stampar F, Hudina M, Bacchetta L. The Effects of the Cultivar and Environment on the Phenolic Contents of Hazelnut Kernels. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3051. [PMID: 36432780 PMCID: PMC9695389 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Different climatic conditions are known to affect the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. Therefore, the phenolic contents in new growing areas could affect the quality and flavor of hazelnuts. The aim of this study was to determine the variability of the phenolic contents of the kernels in different commercial hazelnut cultivars depending on their growing area. Five cultivars ('Tonda Gentile delle Langhe', 'Merveille de Bollwiller', 'Pauetet', 'Tonda di Giffoni', and 'Barcelona' (syn. 'Fertile de Coutard')) grown in different European collection orchards were included in the study. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds. Thirteen phenols were identified in the hazelnut kernels, including 7 flavanols, 2 hydroxybenzoic acids, 3 flavonols, and one dihydrochalcone. Catechin and procyanidin dimers were the main phenolic compounds found in the hazelnut kernels. The highest contents of catechin and total flavanols were determined in cultivars cultivated in Spain and northern Italy, and the lowest in Slovenia and France. Flavanols were the major phenolic groups independent of the place of cultivation, as they accounted for more than 50% of all phenolic compounds identified. The flavanols were followed by hydroxybenzoic acids, flavonols, and dihydrochalcones. Higher contents of flavanols and flavonols were found in kernels from areas characterized by higher natural irradiation, which stimulates their accumulation. The contents of hydroxybenzoic acids correlated with altitude, which stimulated phenolic acid synthesis. A negative correlation was observed between the dihydrochalcone content and annual rainfall, probably due to hydric stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Solar
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aljaz Medic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Slatnar
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roberto Botta
- DISAFA—Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Universita’ degli Studi di Torino (UNITO), Grugliasco, 10095 Torino, Italy
| | - Mercè Rovira
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | | | - Ana Paula Silva
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Robert Veberic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franci Stampar
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Hudina
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Loretta Bacchetta
- Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente (ENEA), 00196 Roma, Italy
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14
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Bioactive Compounds from Elderberry: Extraction, Health Benefits, and Food Applications. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10112288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderberries are appreciated for their antioxidant properties. Sambucus nigra L. is an extremely abundant plant in the wild flora of Romania, but it is underutilized. Elderberry is used in modern and traditional medicine due to the complex chemical composition of the fruit. The content of phenolic compounds is high (516–8974 mg/100 g DW), of which the most abundant are anthocyanins. Phenolic compounds are known for their beneficial effects on the body. Numerous studies have demonstrated the antioxidant capacity, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties of the fruit. It is considered that most of the therapeutic properties of elderberries can be correlated with the antioxidant activity they have. S. nigra fruits are also used in the food industry. Some studies have shown that the therapeutic properties of elderberries can also be found in the products obtained from them. Therefore, this review aimed to describe the chemical composition of elderberries and products obtained from them, the positive effects on the body, and the methods by which the bioactive compounds can be extracted from the fruits and analyzed. This manuscript is useful for extraction optimization and characterization in order to valorize new functional foods, food supplements, and also in new pharmaceutical products.
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15
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Waswa EN, Li J, Mkala EM, Wanga VO, Mutinda ES, Nanjala C, Odago WO, Katumo DM, Gichua MK, Gituru RW, Hu GW, Wang QF. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the genus Sambucus L. (Viburnaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115102. [PMID: 35288288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Sambucus L. (Viburnaceae) consists of about 29 recognized species distributed in all regions of the world except the extremely cold and desert areas. Some species have been used as traditional medicines to treat various disorders such as bone fractures, rheumatism, diabetes, respiratory and pulmonary disorders, skin diseases, inflammatory ailments, diarrhea, and others. However, the currently available data on traditional and pharmacological uses have not been comprehensively reviewed. STUDY AIM The present review is designed to provide information on the ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry, toxicity, and the known biological properties of Sambucus, to understand their connotations and provide a scientific basis and gaps for further research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information was obtained from different bibliographic databases, Google Scholar, Springer Link, Web of Science, PubMed, and Science Direct along with other literature sources such as dissertation before August 2021. The scientific names were validated using The Plant List and World Flora Online websites. RESULTS Twelve Sambucus species were found to be frequently mentioned in ethnomedical uses recorded in China, Korea, Turkey, Iran, and other countries. Traditionally, they have been used as remedies to numerous health complications among others, bone fractures and rheumatism, diabetes, wounds, inflammatory diseases, diarrhea, menstrual pains, respiratory and pulmonary complaints, skin disorders, headaches, snakebites, and urinary tract infections. To date, only eleven species have been studied for their chemical compounds and a total of 425 bioactive constituents, including phenolic compounds, terpenoids, fatty acids, cyanogenic glycosides, phytosterols, lectins, organic acids, alkaloid, coumarin, anthraquinone, and others have been reported. The crude extracts and the isolated chemical constituents exhibited diverse outstanding pharmacological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, analgesic, anti-giardial, immunomodulatory, scolicidal, anti-ulcerogenic, antiradical, bone-protective, anti-glycemic, antiosteoporotic, hypolipidemic, anti-glycation, and wound-healing properties. CONCLUSION This study summarized and scrutinized the data on traditional uses, pharmacological activities, phytochemicals, and toxicity of Sambucus species, which indicate they have interesting chemical compounds with diverse biological activities. Many traditional uses of some species from this genus have now been confirmed by pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, bone-protective, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. However, the currently available data has several gaps in understanding the traditional uses of all Sambucus species. Thus, we strongly recommend further investigations into the scientific connotations between traditional medicinal uses and pharmacological activities, mode of action of the isolated bioactive constituents, and toxicity of other Sambucus species to unravel their efficacy and therapeutic potential for safe clinical application. The current extensive study avails valuable information on therapeutic use of Sambucus species and paves way for further investigations of other useful species, as well as drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Nyongesa Waswa
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Elijah Mbandi Mkala
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Vincent Okelo Wanga
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Elizabeth Syowai Mutinda
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Consolata Nanjala
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wyclif Ochieng Odago
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Daniel Mutavi Katumo
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Moses Kirega Gichua
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Robert Wahiti Gituru
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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16
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Waswa EN, Li J, Mkala EM, Wanga VO, Mutinda ES, Nanjala C, Odago WO, Katumo DM, Gichua MK, Gituru RW, Hu GW, Wang QF. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the genus Sambucus L. (Viburnaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115102. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
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17
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Liu D, He XQ, Wu DT, Li HB, Feng YB, Zou L, Gan RY. Elderberry ( Sambucus nigra L.): Bioactive Compounds, Health Functions, and Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4202-4220. [PMID: 35348337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) is rich in many bioactive compounds and exhibits diverse health functions, of which an understanding can be helpful for its better utilization in the food industry. This review mainly summarizes recent studies about the bioactive compounds and health functions of elderberry, highlighting the potential mechanism of action. In addition, the applications of elderberry in foods are also discussed. Elderberry contains diversely bioactive ingredients, such as (poly)phenolic compounds and terpenoid compounds. Recent studies report that some food processing methods can affect the content of bioactive compounds in elderberry. Additionally, elderberry exhibits various health functions in vitro and in vivo, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-influenza, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, cardiovascular protective, and neuroprotective activities, and their potential molecular mechanisms are associated with regulating some key signaling pathways and molecular targets. Up to now, there have been limited clinical trials supporting the health benefits of elderberry. Overall, elderberry is a promising dietary source of bioactive ingredients and has the potential to be developed into functional foods or nutraceuticals for preventing and treating certain chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610213, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qin He
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610213, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Bin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610213, People's Republic of China
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18
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Mocanu ML, Amariei S. Elderberries—A Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antiviral Action. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060740. [PMID: 35336621 PMCID: PMC8948669 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the current context, when more and more unknown pathogens appear, healthy eating and supplementing it with natural products play an increasingly important role in maintaining the health of the body. The European black elder (Sambucus nigra), found in abundance in the spontaneous flora, can provide us, as a raw material, elderberries, which have been known for thousands of years as having nutritional and healing properties. The phytotherapeutic principles found in elderberry fruits give them antiviral, antibacterial and antidiabetic properties, antitumor potential, antioxidant, antidepressant and immune boosting properties, as well as a certain impacts on obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. Polyphenols and lectins give elderberry fruits the ability to inhibit coronaviruses, which is a topic of great interest in our times. This article summarizes the existing data regarding the chemical composition, active principles and biopharmaceutical properties of elderberries, as well as their use.
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19
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Ungur RA, Borda IM, Codea RA, Ciortea VM, Năsui BA, Muste S, Sarpataky O, Filip M, Irsay L, Crăciun EC, Căinap S, Jivănescu DB, Pop AL, Singurean VE, Crișan M, Groza OB, Martiș (Petruț) GS. A Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Sambucus nigra L. Reduced Lipid Peroxidation in a Rat Experimental Model of Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:772. [PMID: 35160718 PMCID: PMC8837157 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The use of gentamicin (GM) is limited due to its nephrotoxicity mediated by oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of a flavonoid-rich extract of Sambucus nigra L. elderflower (SN) to inhibit lipoperoxidation in GM-induced nephrotoxicity. The HPLC analysis of the SN extract recorded high contents of rutin (463.2 ± 0.0 mg mL-1), epicatechin (9.0 ± 1.1 µg mL-1), and ferulic (1.5 ± 0.3 µg mL-1) and caffeic acid (3.6 ± 0.1 µg mL-1). Thirty-two Wistar male rats were randomized into four groups: a control group (C) (no treatment), GM group (100 mg kg-1 bw day-1 GM), GM+SN group (100 mg kg-1 bw day-1 GM and 1 mL SN extract day-1), and SN group (1 mL SN extract day-1). Lipid peroxidation, evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzymes activity-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)-were recorded in renal tissue after ten days of experimental treatment. The MDA level was significantly higher in the GM group compared to the control group (p < 0.0001), and was significantly reduced by SN in the GM+SN group compared to the GM group (p = 0.021). SN extract failed to improve SOD, CAT, and GPX activity in the GM+SN group compared to the GM group (p > 0.05), and its action was most probably due to the ability of flavonoids (rutin, epicatechin) and ferulic and caffeic acids to inhibit synthesis and neutralize reactive species, to reduce the redox-active iron pool, and to inhibit lipid peroxidation. In this study, we propose an innovative method for counteracting GM nephrotoxicity with a high efficiency and low cost, but with the disadvantage of the multifactorial environmental variability of the content of SN extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Ana Ungur
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.U.); (V.M.C.); (L.I.)
| | - Ileana Monica Borda
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.U.); (V.M.C.); (L.I.)
| | - Răzvan Andrei Codea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Viorela Mihaela Ciortea
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.U.); (V.M.C.); (L.I.)
| | - Bogdana Adriana Năsui
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Sevastița Muste
- Food Engineering Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 64 Calea Floresti, 400509 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.); (G.S.M.)
| | - Orsolya Sarpataky
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Miuța Filip
- Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babeş-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Laszlo Irsay
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.U.); (V.M.C.); (L.I.)
| | - Elena Cristina Crăciun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Simona Căinap
- Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Delia Bunea Jivănescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Anca Lucia Pop
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Food Safety, Nutrition, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Victoria Emilia Singurean
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.E.S.); (M.C.); (O.B.G.)
| | - Maria Crișan
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.E.S.); (M.C.); (O.B.G.)
| | - Oana Bianca Groza
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.E.S.); (M.C.); (O.B.G.)
| | - Georgiana Smaranda Martiș (Petruț)
- Food Engineering Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 64 Calea Floresti, 400509 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.); (G.S.M.)
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20
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Rodríguez Madrera R, Suárez Valles B. Analysis of Cyanogenic Compounds Derived from Mandelonitrile by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in Rosaceae and Sambucus Families. Molecules 2021; 26:7563. [PMID: 34946645 PMCID: PMC8705553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An analytical method for extraction and quantitative determination of amygdalin, prunasin, and sambunigrin in plant material is described. The method is based on extraction with high-power ultrasound (UAE), with acidified water as solvent and quantification by HPLC-DAD. The best extraction conditions were: 80% sonication amplitude, 55 s extraction time, 70% duty cycle, 0.1 g sample mass, and 10 mL acidified water (0.1% perchloric acid). Once developed, the method was validated in terms of accuracy and precision. Good linearity was obtained, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.999 and the quantification limits ranged from 2.2 μg/g (amygdalin) to 9.6 μg/g (sambunigrin). The accuracy (recovery study) ranged between 90 and 104% and the reproducibility of the method was always <2.3% (RSD). Special attention should be paid to the ratio sample/solvent in samples with potential β-glucosidase activity to avoid degradation of the cyanogenic glycosides (CNGs). The proposed method was used to evaluate the content of CNGs in kernels of Prunus genera, apple seeds, apple pomace, and different plant materials of Sambucus nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rodríguez Madrera
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain;
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21
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Latos-Brozio M, Masek A, Chrzescijanska E, Podsędek A, Kajszczak D. Characteristics of the Polyphenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Cone Extracts from Conifers Determined Using Electrochemical and Spectrophotometric Methods. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111723. [PMID: 34829594 PMCID: PMC8615251 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the polyphenolic profile of cone extracts of Douglas fir, Scots pine and Korean fir, and to study their antioxidant activity. The mechanism of electro-oxidation of polyphenols (such as procyanidins and catechins) from cone extracts was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), as well as spectrophotometric methods-ABTS (2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ) and CUPRAC (CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity). The scientific novelty of the research is the comprehensive analysis of cone extracts in terms of antioxidant properties. Due to the high polyphenol content, the extracts showed significant ability to reduce oxidative reactions, as well as the ability to scavenge free radicals and transition metal ions. Douglas fir, Scots pine and Korean fir cone extracts can potentially be used as natural stabilizers, preservatives and antimicrobial substances in the food industry and in medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Latos-Brozio
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.L.-B.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Masek
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.L.-B.); (A.M.)
| | - Ewa Chrzescijanska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Podsędek
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; (A.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Dominika Kajszczak
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; (A.P.); (D.K.)
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22
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Matłok N, Kapusta I, Piechowiak T, Zardzewiały M, Gorzelany J, Balawejder M. Characterisation of Some Phytochemicals Extracted from Black Elder ( Sambucus nigra L.) Flowers Subjected to Ozone Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:5548. [PMID: 34577018 PMCID: PMC8469933 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderflowers are a well-known source of bioactive compounds. The amount of isolated bioactive compounds may be increased by applying various abiotic and biotic factors. Gaseous ozone (10 and 100 ppm) was used in the process of preparing flowers. Next, the flowers were treated with sugar syrup to extract bioactive compounds. It was shown that this treatment, including the influence of extraction temperature, significantly affects the contents of polyphenols (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods) and vitamin C, as well as the antioxidant potential (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC method)), the profile of volatile substances (head space-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME methods)) and the colour of the syrup (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* methods). The findings show that an increased dose of ozone and higher extraction temperature applied in the process of syrup production resulted in higher contents and different compositions of bioactive compounds. The highest contents of bioactive compounds were identified in syrup obtained from raw material treated with ozone for 15 min (concentration = 10 ppm) and extraction with sugar syrup at a temperature of 60 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Matłok
- Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering, University of Rzeszow, St. Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Rzeszów University, St. Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Piechowiak
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Collegium of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, St. Ćwiklińskiej 1a, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Miłosz Zardzewiały
- Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering, University of Rzeszow, St. Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Józef Gorzelany
- Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering, University of Rzeszow, St. Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Maciej Balawejder
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Collegium of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, St. Ćwiklińskiej 1a, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.P.); (M.B.)
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23
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The Influence of Locality on Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Bud Extracts. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071608. [PMID: 34359478 PMCID: PMC8306517 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemmotherapy represents the most recent therapeutic technique that uses the properties of extracts from fresh meristematic plant tissues, mainly buds and sprouts, by macerating them in ethanol and glycerol. The harvesting time and the location can significantly affect the chemical composition of the buds. Therefore, this work aimed to point out the possible variability in the phenolic content and the antioxidant potential of extracts prepared from commonly grown trees in the Czech Republic. Extracts from buds collected during autumn and spring in three different localities were analysed using UHPLC-MS (ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography) for the phenols profile. Five tests assays were used for the evaluation of the extract antioxidant potential. The sampling time positively affected the content of total phenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. The increased levels of total phenols and flavonoids in localities with high and medium pollution may be the result of the higher levels of NO and SO2, the main air pollutants. However, surprisingly, the content of phenolic acid showed the highest values in the area with the lowest pollution. The results of antioxidant tests did not completely correlate with the levels of phenolic metabolites, which may be due to the involvement of other active molecules (e.g., ascorbate, tocopherol, or proline) in the antioxidant machinery.
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24
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Effects of elderflower extract enriched with polyphenols on antioxidant defense of salmon leukocytes. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Boroduske A, Jekabsons K, Riekstina U, Muceniece R, Rostoks N, Nakurte I. Wild Sambucus nigra L. from north-east edge of the species range: A valuable germplasm with inhibitory capacity against SARS-CoV2 S-protein RBD and hACE2 binding in vitro. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2021; 165:113438. [PMID: 33753964 PMCID: PMC7969829 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Berries and flowers of Sambucus nigra L. tree are well known for their ability to mitigate symptoms of upper respiratory disorders related to reported antiviral properties. Industrial application and commercial cultivation of S. nigra is largely limited to a few widely grown cultivars. Restricted genetic diversity of cultivated S. nigra can be disadvantageous if new industrial applications are discovered. In this study wild S. nigra populations located on the north-east edge of the species natural range were explored by assessing genetic origin, berry and flower anti-oxidative potential, and berry rutin content. Best performing wild S. nigra extracts were selected for an assessment of previously unreported biological activity- inhibitory capacity against SARS-CoV2 S1 protein receptor binding domain (RBD) binding to recombinant human angiotensin -converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in vitro based on competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker-based genetic characterization suggested that explored wild S. nigra populations result from wild gene pool expanding northwards with admixture of historically introduced cultivated S. nigra. Average values of total phenolic content, anti-radical activity, and total flavonoids content of wild S. nigra populations did not exceed those of cv. 'Haschberg'. Concentration-dependent inhibition of ACE2-SARS-CoV2 S-protein RBD binding was demonstrated in vitro for elderberry fruits and flowers extracts (IC50 of 1.66 mg DW ml-1 and 0.532 mg DW ml-1, respectively). Wild elderberry fruit extract exhibited higher inhibitory capacity than the extract from berries of cv 'Haschberg'. This study validates the requirement for S. nigra wild germplasm bioprospecting and opens up directions for further research of new anti-SARS-CoV2 industrial applications of S. nigra.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2
- Antiviral
- DW, dry weight
- ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
- Elderberry flower
- Elderberry fruit
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, the half maximal inhibitory concentration
- ISSR, inter-simple sequence repeat
- PVPP, polyvinylpyrrolidone
- Phytochemistry
- SARS-CoV2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- Sambucus nigra L.
- TEAC, trolox equivalent anti-radical capacity
- TFC, total flavonoid content
- TPCC, total phenolic content
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Affiliation(s)
- Anete Boroduske
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str.1, Riga, LV - 1004, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Jekabsons
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str.3, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Una Riekstina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str.3, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Ruta Muceniece
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str.3, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Nils Rostoks
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str.1, Riga, LV - 1004, Latvia
| | - Ilva Nakurte
- Institute for Environmental Solutions, "Lidlauks", Priekulu parish, Priekulu county, LV-4126, Latvia
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26
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Imenšek N, Sem V, Kolar M, Ivančič A, Kristl J. The Distribution of Minerals in Crucial Plant Parts of Various Elderberry ( Sambucus spp.) Interspecific Hybrids. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040653. [PMID: 33808171 PMCID: PMC8065488 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In view of growing requirements of the food industry regarding elderberries (genus Sambucus), a need to increase their productivity and improve their chemical composition has emerged. With this purpose in mind, numerous elderberry interspecific hybrids have been created. In the present work, the content of minerals in their crucial plant parts was studied. It was also investigated whether superior genotypes regarding the mineral composition of berries and inflorescences could be predicted at early stages of plant development. The results showed that elderberry leaves contained the highest amounts of Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Sr, while K and P were predominant in fruit stalks. Fe and Al prevailed in roots and Cu in bark. Although berries showed lower mineral content compared to other plant parts, their mineral content is not negligible and could be comparable to other commonly consumed berries. Genotypes with a favorable mineral content of inflorescences and berries could be predicted on the basis of known mineral composition of their shoots and leaves. The study also indicates that S. nigra genotypes and the majority of interspecific hybrids analyzed are suitable for further genetic breeding or cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Imenšek
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia; (V.S.); (A.I.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-2-320-90-42; Fax: +386-2-616-11-58
| | - Vilma Sem
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia; (V.S.); (A.I.); (J.K.)
| | - Mitja Kolar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Anton Ivančič
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia; (V.S.); (A.I.); (J.K.)
| | - Janja Kristl
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia; (V.S.); (A.I.); (J.K.)
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27
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Appenteng MK, Krueger R, Johnson MC, Ingold H, Bell R, Thomas AL, Greenlief CM. Cyanogenic Glycoside Analysis in American Elderberry. Molecules 2021; 26:1384. [PMID: 33806603 PMCID: PMC7961730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanogenic glycosides (CNGs) are naturally occurring plant molecules (nitrogenous plant secondary metabolites) which consist of an aglycone and a sugar moiety. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is released from these compounds following enzymatic hydrolysis causing potential toxicity issues. The presence of CNGs in American elderberry (AE) fruit, Sambucus nigra (subsp. canadensis), is uncertain. A sensitive, reproducible and robust LC-MS/MS method was developed and optimized for accurate identification and quantification of the intact glycoside. A complimentary picrate paper test method was modified to determine the total cyanogenic potential (TCP). TCP analysis was performed using a camera-phone and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. A method validation was conducted and the developed methods were successfully applied to the assessment of TCP and quantification of intact CNGs in different tissues of AE samples. Results showed no quantifiable trace of CNGs in commercial AE juice. Levels of CNGs found in various fruit tissues of AE cultivars studied ranged from between 0.12 and 6.38 µg/g. In pressed juice samples, the concentration range measured was 0.29-2.36 µg/mL and in seeds the levels were 0.12-2.38 µg/g. TCP was highest in the stems and green berries. Concentration levels in all tissues were generally low and at a level that poses no threat to consumers of fresh and processed AE products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Appenteng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.K.A.); (R.K.); (M.C.J.); (H.I.)
| | - Ritter Krueger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.K.A.); (R.K.); (M.C.J.); (H.I.)
| | - Mitch C. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.K.A.); (R.K.); (M.C.J.); (H.I.)
| | - Harrison Ingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.K.A.); (R.K.); (M.C.J.); (H.I.)
| | - Richard Bell
- Department of Chemistry, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA;
| | - Andrew L. Thomas
- Division of Plant Sciences, Southwest Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - C. Michael Greenlief
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.K.A.); (R.K.); (M.C.J.); (H.I.)
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28
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Kalemba-Drożdż M, Kwiecień I, Szewczyk A, Cierniak A, Grzywacz-Kisielewska A. Fermented Vinegars from Apple Peels, Raspberries, Rosehips, Lavender, Mint, and Rose Petals: The Composition, Antioxidant Power, and Genoprotective Abilities in Comparison to Acetic Macerates, Decoctions, and Tinctures. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111121. [PMID: 33202797 PMCID: PMC7697089 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetic fermentation is a method for processing plant material which has been known since antiquity. Balsamic and apple cider vinegars are investigated as antibacterial, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic remedies. However, there is little information about vinegars fermented from aromatic herbs and edible plants. The aim of this study was to compare extracts used for culinary and medicinal purposes according to their composition, antioxidant power, and genoprotective properties. Fermented vinegars, acetic macerates, decoctions, and tinctures in 70% ethanol from raspberries, apple peels, rosehips, lavender, mint, and rose petals were prepared. Polyphenols, ascorbate, carotenoid concentrations, and antioxidant power were analyzed. The polyphenols were identified using HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). The genoprotective properties were measured using a comet assay on lymphocytes. Fermented vinegars were poorest in phytochemicals in comparison to tinctures, decoctions, or acetic macerates, although they contained the highest concentration of metal ions. The antioxidant abilities were correlated to the phenolic content of extract. None of the extracts induced DNA damages into lymphocytes. The rosehip and rose petal extracts revealed the highest genoprotective abilities, while mint and apple fermented vinegars and decoctions had the lowest. Fermented vinegars are not a rich source of phytochemicals and they show weak genoprotective abilities, but, in increasing demand for antioxidants, any form of phytochemical sources is an added-value in diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kalemba-Drożdż
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Gustaw Herling-Grudziński St. 1, 30-705 Krakow, Poland; (A.C.); (A.G.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-122-524-506
| | - Inga Kwiecień
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (I.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (I.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Cierniak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Gustaw Herling-Grudziński St. 1, 30-705 Krakow, Poland; (A.C.); (A.G.-K.)
| | - Agata Grzywacz-Kisielewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Gustaw Herling-Grudziński St. 1, 30-705 Krakow, Poland; (A.C.); (A.G.-K.)
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29
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Boyarskih IG, Syso AI, Siromlya TI. Variability of Chemical Elements and Biologically Active Polyphenols in Lonicera caerulea subsp. Altaica (Caprifoliaceae) Plant Organs Along an Altitudinal Gradient. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425519060039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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30
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Sari EF, Prayogo GP, Loo YT, Zhang P, McCullough MJ, Cirillo N. Distinct phenolic, alkaloid and antioxidant profile in betel quids from four regions of Indonesia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16254. [PMID: 33004929 PMCID: PMC7529777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) is a chewing mixed package that mainly contains areca nut (AN), betel leaf (Leaf) or betel stem inflorescence (SI), and slaked lime, and is consumed with or without tobacco BQ chewing is common in South East Asia and has been strongly associated with malignant and potentially malignant diseases of the oral cavity. Alkaloids such as arecoline are often accounted for the carcinogenic potential of BQ, however the chemical composition of BQ has not been studied in detail. In the current study, we investigated the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (by mean of ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP), radical scavenging activity (DPPH test), polyphenolic profile and arecoline content in different components of BQ, namely AN, Leaf or SI, Husk, and blended BQ (BQ mix, containing AN, Leaf or SI and slaked lime). Samples were imported from 4 major regions of Indonesia, namely: Banda Aceh (BA), North Sumatra (NS), West Kalimantan (WK) and West Papua (WP). The highest TPC, FRAP, and DPPH values were detected in AN samples compared to other BQ components, while samples from WP region were of higher values compared to the other regions. High performance liquid chromatography—Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis showed that Husk contains the widest range of polyphenols, including hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, flavonols and stilbenes. Catechin and epicatechin were the main polyphenols detected in BQ, and they were present at the highest concentrations in WP–AN sample. Arecoline was detected in all AN and BQ mix samples and was significantly correlated with catechin and epicatechin, and significantly negatively correlated with p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Notably, arecoline concentration changed significantly when AN was blended in BQ mixtures. The current study is the first to extensively characterise the chemical composition of BQ and provides insight for a better understanding of the interactions of BQ alkaloids and phenolics in the development of oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fitriana Sari
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia. .,Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Sumedang KM 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia. .,Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, 3550, Australia.
| | - Grace Puspita Prayogo
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Yit Tao Loo
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Michael John McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
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31
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Bartak M, Lange A, Słonska A, Cymerys J. Antiviral and healing potential of Sambucus nigra extracts. BIONATURA 2020. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2020.05.03.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the application of alternative methods instead of clinical treatment creates a new possibility to prevent the development of diseases. Medicinal plants such as Sambucus nigra have been well known due to their extraordinary properties. The similarity to synthetic substances makes it potentially dependable; however, a high concentration of cyanogenic glycosides may exert detrimental consequences. It has been documented that Sambucus nigra extracts are used against both human and animal viruses, like influenza A and B viruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), dengue virus (DENV-2), human herpesvirus type 1 (HSV-1) and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63). Such reports are notably valuable especially considering the widespread usage of commercial drugs, which could be ineffective. This review provides insight on recent research on the health properties of plant Sambucus nigra as an antiviral medication that may help propose new therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Bartak
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Lange
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Słonska
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Cymerys
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Abstract
Common cold and flu are caused by common respiratory viral pathogens, which results in hospitalization and death in the world. Among the viral infections, influenza viruses have worldwide spread with major effects on health of societies. Change in antigenic structures of influenza viruses is associated with the lack of effective treatments. Therefore, the use of herbal medicine as alternative choice can be used for management of flu and cold. The flowers of Sambucus nigra or black elders have been approved by commission E for cold, and flu. Although, elders are used in different herbal formulates, but there is no comprehensive study. The subject of this review article was to summarize the efficacy of black elder in treatment of cold and flu. For preparing this manuscript, the electronic resources, books, and thesis were searched by key words of Sambucus, elder, cold, flu, and viral infections. The results of investigations exhibited that there are four clinical trials for elder berries, which it reduced the cold duration and severity (fever, pain, congestion, cough), while there is no clinical trial for elder flower on common cold and flu in spite of its approval by commission E. So, evaluating the efficacy of elder flowers in comparison with its berries and standard treatment on patients with viral respiratory infections should be the subject of large clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddese Mahboubi
- Medicinal Plants Research Department, Research and Development, TabibDaru Pharmaceutical Company, Kashan, Iran
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33
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Romero N, Areche C, Cubides-Cárdenas J, Escobar N, García-Beltrán O, Simirgiotis MJ, Céspedes Á. In Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, and Pithecellobium dulce: Fingerprint Analysis of Extracts by UHPLC-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133002. [PMID: 32630065 PMCID: PMC7412154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the anthelmintic activity (AA) of ethanolic extracts obtained from Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, and Pithecellobium dulce was evaluated using the third-stage-larval (L3) exsheathment inhibition test (LEIT) and egg hatch test (EHT) on Haemonchus contortus. Extracts were tested at concentrations of 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.5, 5.0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/mL. The larval exsheathment inhibition (LEI) results showed that G. sepium achieved the highest average inhibition of 91.2%, compared with 44.6% for P. dulce and 41.0% for L. leucocephala at a concentration of 40 mg/mL; the corresponding IC50 values were 22.4, 41.7, and 43.3 mg/mL, respectively. The rates of egg hatching inhibition (EHI) at a concentration of 5 mg/mL were 99.5% for G. sepium, 64.2% for P. dulce, and 54% for L. leucocephala; the corresponding IC50 values were 1.9 mg/mL for G. sepium, 3.9 mg/mL for P. dulce, and 4.3 mg/mL for L. leucocephala. The species extracts studied here were also analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS), resulting in the compounds' identification associated with AA. Glycosylated flavonoids and methoxyphenols were observed in all three species: fatty acids in G. sepium and P. dulce; phenylpropanoids, anthraquinone glycosides, amino acids and glycosylated phenolic acids in G. sepium; and flavonoids in L. leucocephala. Comparatively, G. sepium presented a greater diversity of compounds potentially active against the control of gastrointestinal nematodes, which was associated with the results obtained in the applied tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Romero
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué 730001, Colombia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Nuñoa, Santiago 7800024, Chile;
| | - Jaime Cubides-Cárdenas
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación en Salud y Bienestar Animal, Laboratorio de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Agrosavia, Mosquera 250047, Colombia;
| | - Natalia Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cundinamarca, Fusagasugá 252212, Colombia;
| | - Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué 730002, Colombia;
| | | | - Ángel Céspedes
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué 730001, Colombia;
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Weissman S, Lo A, Patel R, Mehta TI, Singh V, Aziz M, Belyayeva A, Cherian J, Amrutiya V, Atoot A, Hassan A, Sotiriadis J, Atoot A, Tabibian JH. An Unusual Culprit of Drug-Induced Pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:1549-1552. [PMID: 31571105 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05864-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simcha Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, 7600 River Road, North Bergen, NJ, 07047, USA.
| | - Abraham Lo
- Department of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, 7600 River Road, North Bergen, NJ, 07047, USA
| | - Rutwik Patel
- Department of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, 7600 River Road, North Bergen, NJ, 07047, USA
| | - Tej I Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Vivek Singh
- Department of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, 7600 River Road, North Bergen, NJ, 07047, USA
| | - Muhammed Aziz
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Anna Belyayeva
- Department of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, 7600 River Road, North Bergen, NJ, 07047, USA
| | - Jeffin Cherian
- Department of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, 7600 River Road, North Bergen, NJ, 07047, USA
| | - Viralkumar Amrutiya
- Department of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, 7600 River Road, North Bergen, NJ, 07047, USA
| | - Ali Atoot
- Department of Anesthesia, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Ammar Hassan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ, USA
| | - John Sotiriadis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ, USA
| | - Adam Atoot
- Department of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, 7600 River Road, North Bergen, NJ, 07047, USA
| | - James H Tabibian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, USA
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Mariychuk R, Porubská J, Ostafin M, Čaplovičová M, Eliašová A. Green synthesis of stable nanocolloids of monodisperse silver and gold nanoparticles using natural polyphenols from fruits of Sambucus nigra L. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bresciani L, Angelino D, Vivas EI, Kerby RL, García-Viguera C, Del Rio D, Rey FE, Mena P. Differential Catabolism of an Anthocyanin-Rich Elderberry Extract by Three Gut Microbiota Bacterial Species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1837-1843. [PMID: 30969770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Elderberries are good sources of anthocyanins, which are poorly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract but extensively transformed into phenolic metabolites at the colonic level. Because different gut microbiota strains have different metabolism, the catabolism of anthocyanins may lead to interindividual differences in metabolite production. In this work, an anthocyanin-rich elderberry extract was incubated with three single gut microbial strains (Enterobacter cancerogenous, Bifidobacterium dentium, and Dorea longicatena) up to 4 days, to assess differences in their phenolic metabolism. All of the strains degraded the elderberry anthocyanins, but the metabolic pathways followed were different. Although some metabolites were common for all of the strains, a wide disparity was observed in the kind and amount of several phenolic metabolites produced by each species. These in vitro preliminary results may be of help in the interpretation of the bioavailability of anthocyanins and give a clue to understand interindividual variability in metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eugenio I Vivas
- Department of Bacteriology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Robert L Kerby
- Department of Bacteriology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Cristina García-Viguera
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology , Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada de Segura (CEBAS)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia , Spain
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Microbiome Research Hub , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Federico E Rey
- Department of Bacteriology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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Młynarczyk K, Walkowiak-Tomczak D, Staniek H, Kidoń M, Łysiak GP. The Content of Selected Minerals, Bioactive Compounds, and the Antioxidant Properties of the Flowers and Fruit of Selected Cultivars and Wildly Growing Plants of Sambucus nigra L. Molecules 2020; 25:E876. [PMID: 32079214 PMCID: PMC7070723 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the mineral content and bioactive properties of flowers and fruit coming from wild elderberry plants with those of flowers and fruit harvested from elderberry cultivars grown in an orchard. Elderberry fruit and flowers were analyzed for the content of selected minerals, phenolic compounds, and anthocyanins, as well as for antioxidant activity. Mineral content was determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry method, while antioxidant activity and the content of polyphenols and anthocyanins were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Flowers were found to contain more total ash and much higher content of most of minerals, except magnesium which was present in high concentrations in fruit. Fruit showed significantly higher antioxidant activity than flowers, whereas the total phenolic content varied depending on the growing location or cultivar. The material obtained from selected cultivars growing in an orchard had higher antioxidant activity and polyphenol and anthocyanin content than the material obtained from wild plants. Fruit of the "Haschberg" cultivar and flowers of the "Sampo" cultivar had the best bioactive properties of the studied samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Młynarczyk
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (K.M.); (D.W.-T.); (M.K.)
| | - Dorota Walkowiak-Tomczak
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (K.M.); (D.W.-T.); (M.K.)
| | - Halina Staniek
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Marcin Kidoń
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (K.M.); (D.W.-T.); (M.K.)
| | - Grzegorz P. Łysiak
- Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery Production, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
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Kitrytė V, Laurinavičienė A, Syrpas M, Pukalskas A, Venskutonis PR. Modeling and optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction for isolation of valuable lipophilic constituents from elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) pomace. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Phytochemical assessment of plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars selected in Serbia. Food Chem 2019; 299:125113. [PMID: 31310913 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess content of primary and secondary metabolites of 18 plum cultivars selected in Serbia. Autochthonous cultivar 'Crvena Ranka' exhibited the highest level of total sugars (174.3 g/kg FW) while cultivar 'Mildora' had the highest sugars/acids ratio (17.2). Cultivar 'Nada' also contained high sugars/acid ratio as well as a high level of glucose and total sugars. Compared to the other cultivars, 'Nada' had a higher content of anthocyanins (27.14 mg/100 g FW), 'Crvena Ranka' neochlorogenic acid (23.21 mg/100 g FW) and flavanols (86.15 mg/100 g FW) but also the highest antioxidant activity. The PCA analysis confirmed that 'Nada' and 'Crvena Ranka' demonstrated better results in terms of sugars and antioxidant activity than the standard cultivars grown in Serbia and can be recommended for increased plum growing for fresh consumption, processing and in the breeding of plum with enhanced nutritional content.
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Hawkins J, Baker C, Cherry L, Dunne E. Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials. Complement Ther Med 2018; 42:361-365. [PMID: 30670267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper respiratory symptoms are often treated with over the counter drugs, antibiotics, and antiviral medications. Due to concerns about safety and efficacy, there is a demand for an alternative solution. Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) has been used to treat cold and flu symptoms, but there are no large-scale studies or meta-analyses. This meta-analysis quantifies the effects of elderberry supplementation and evaluates moderators including vaccination status and the underlying pathology. This analysis included a total of 180 participants and evaluates moderators such as vaccination status and cause of the upper respiratory symptoms. Supplementation with elderberry was found to substantially reduce upper respiratory symptoms. The quantitative synthesis of the effects yielded a large mean effect size. These findings present an alternative to antibiotic misuse for upper respiratory symptoms due to viral infections, and a potentially safer alternative to prescription drugs for routine cases of the common cold and influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Hawkins
- Franklin Institute of Wellness, 504 Autumn Springs Court, Franklin, TN, 37067, United States.
| | - Colby Baker
- Franklin Institute of Wellness, 504 Autumn Springs Court, Franklin, TN, 37067, United States
| | - Lindsey Cherry
- Franklin Institute of Wellness, 504 Autumn Springs Court, Franklin, TN, 37067, United States
| | - Elizabeth Dunne
- Franklin Institute of Wellness, 504 Autumn Springs Court, Franklin, TN, 37067, United States
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Foutami IJ, Mariager T, Rinnan R, Barnes CJ, Rønsted N. Hundred Fifty Years of Herbarium Collections Provide a Reliable Resource of Volatile Terpenoid Profiles Showing Strong Species Effect in Four Medicinal Species of Salvia Across the Mediterranean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1877. [PMID: 30619429 PMCID: PMC6305373 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Herbarium samples are increasingly being recognized for their potential in answering a wide range of research questions. However, the suitability of herbarium samples for chemical analysis is largely unexplored as they are thought to be too degraded. The aim of this study was to explore terpenoid profiles across time and geographic space for four medicinal species of Salvia across the Mediterranean to assess the suitability of using herbarium specimens in chemical analyses. Herbarium samples of Salvia aethiopis, S. multicaulis, S. officinalis, and S. sclarea collected over 150 years across the Mediterranean were compared to modern samples using both targeted and untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of terpene profiles. There was no effect of collection year on chemical composition, although the total concentration of the 20 assessed standards and two individual standards significantly decreased over time. Instead, chemical profiles were defined by species, with strong species effects identified on both the targeted and untargeted chemical composition. Geographic variation was a factor in regulating the untargeted chemical compositions, suggesting some underlying environmental effects. However, there was no effect of sample altitude on either the targeted or untargeted chemical compositions. Chemical composition of four Salvia species are predominantly defined by species, and there was a substantially smaller effect of year of sampling. Given these results herbarium collections may well represent a considerably underused resource for chemical analyses that can benefit biodiversity and other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Jafari Foutami
- Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Trine Mariager
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nina Rønsted
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Santin M, Neugart S, Castagna A, Barilari M, Sarrocco S, Vannacci G, Schreiner M, Ranieri A. UV-B Pre-treatment Alters Phenolics Response to Monilinia fructicola Infection in a Structure-Dependent Way in Peach Skin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1598. [PMID: 30459788 PMCID: PMC6233700 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds represent a large class of secondary metabolites, involved in multiple functions not only in plant life cycle, but also in fruit during post-harvest. phenolics play a key role in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses, thus their accumulation is regulated by the presence of environmental stimuli. The present work aimed to investigate how different pre-UV-B-exposures can modulate the phenolic response of peach fruit infected with Monilinia fructicola. Through HPLC-DAD-MSn, several procyanidins, phenolic acids, flavonols, and anthocyanins were detected. Both UV-B radiation and fungal infection were able to stimulate the accumulation of phenolics, dependent on the chemical structure. Regarding UV-B exposure, inoculated with sterile water, 3 h of UV-B radiation highest concentration of phenolics was found, especially flavonols and cyanidin-3-glucoside far from the wound. However, wounding decreased the phenolics in the region nearby. When peaches were pre-treated with 1 h of UV-B radiation, the fungus had an additive effect in phenolic accumulation far from the infection, while it had a subtractive effect with 3 h of UV-B radiation, especially for flavonols. Canonical discriminant analysis and Pearson correlation revealed that all phenolic compounds, except procyanidin dimer, were highly regulated by UV-B radiation, with particularly strong correlation for quercetin and kaempferol glycosides, while phenolics correlated with the fungus infection were quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, kaempferol-3-galactoside and isorhamnetin-3-glucoside. Modulation of pathogen-induced phenolics also far from inoculation site might suggest a migration of signaling molecules from the infected area to healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Loyola University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Barilari
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sarrocco
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vannacci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Confortin TC, Todero I, Luft L, Soares JF, Mazutti MA, Zabot GL, Tres MV. Importance of Lupinus albescens in agricultural and food-related areas: A review. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:448. [PMID: 30333950 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to assist readers in understanding the importance of Lupinus albescens to nature, farmers, and scientists. L. albescens is mostly found in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and in "Campanha, Litoral and Missões" regions of State of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Therefore, this review presents information and discussion on this plant that can encourage novel studies in a near future for exploring evermore the biological and physicochemical properties of L. albescens. The plant presents adaptive characteristics of soils with low content of nutrients, being an important plant for the recovering of degraded areas. In the last few years, there was an increase in scientific interest for exploring its chemical composition and biological activities. All plant matrices (i.e., roots, leaves, seeds, and stalks) are rich in antioxidant and antifungal compounds, especially stigmasterol. For example, the extracts obtained from the roots are reported with more than 50 wt% stigmasterol and 25 wt% ergosterol. Furthermore, the extracts present remarkable fungicide effects, especially against Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium verticillioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tássia Carla Confortin
- 1Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, 97105-900 Brazil
- 3Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Presidente Vargas, 1958, Cachoeira do Sul, 96506-302 Brazil
| | - Izelmar Todero
- 1Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Luciana Luft
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira Soares
- 1Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Mazutti
- 1Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, 97105-900 Brazil
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Giovani Leone Zabot
- 3Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Presidente Vargas, 1958, Cachoeira do Sul, 96506-302 Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Tres
- 3Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Presidente Vargas, 1958, Cachoeira do Sul, 96506-302 Brazil
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Cvetanović A, Zengin G, Zeković Z, Švarc-Gajić J, Ražić S, Damjanović A, Mašković P, Mitić M. Comparative in vitro studies of the biological potential and chemical composition of stems, leaves and berries Aronia melanocarpa's extracts obtained by subcritical water extraction. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:458-466. [PMID: 30248480 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of functional products as well as natural-based products requires non-toxic but effective extraction techniques. In this study, subcritical water extraction was used for the extraction of different aronia parts in order to explore their potential. Stems, leaves and berries of Aronia melanocarpa were extracted under the following conditions: temperature 130 °C; pressure 35 bar; time 20 min. The total phenols and flavonoid contents of the produced extracts were evaluated by conventional spectrophotometric methods. Additionally, the main phenolic compounds were also identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The biological potential of the extracts was evaluated by determining their antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS and lipid peroxidation assays), antimicrobial, enzyme inhibitory (cholinesterase and elastase) and cytotoxic effects (HeLa, A-549, LS-174T, MRC-5 cell lines). The results indicate that leaves and berries extracts exhibited stronger antioxidant action when compared with stems. The strongest cholinesterase and elastase inhibitory activity was also found in berries extract. Similarly, the extracts obtained from leaves and berries showed considerable cytotoxic effects against tested cell lines. A moderate antimicrobial effects was observed too. Demonstrated biological potential of all three aronia parts can trace a new road map for developing newly designed functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Zoran Zeković
- Faculty of Technology, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Slavica Ražić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Damjanović
- Laboratory for Biological Response Modifiers, Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle Mašković
- Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cara Dušana 34, 32000, Čačak, Serbia
| | - Milan Mitić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
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Senica M, Bavec M, Stampar F, Mikulic-Petkovsek M. Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea subsp. edulis (Turcz. ex Herder) Hultén.) berries and changes in their ingredients across different locations. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:3333-3342. [PMID: 29240233 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in organic blue honeysuckle berries has increased in recent years. They are rich in various health-promoting compounds which are sensitive to different environmental factors and are modified during the growing season. RESULTS Honeysuckle berries from different locations differed significantly in their contents of primary and secondary metabolites. The location Ogulin, with the highest altitude and consequently high UV radiation, had the highest phenolic content (259.85 mg per 100 g). Additionally, Vukovski Vrh, with the lowest temperature, had the highest ascorbic acid content (36.83 mg per 100 g), while Šmartno pri Litiji and Višnja Gora, with the highest precipitation, had the highest organic acid contents (885.85 and 850.01 mg per 100 g respectively). A combination of stressful environmental conditions of temperature, water source and light intensity led to the highest saponin content in Višnja Gora (695 mg per 100 g), the highest tannin content in Dolnje Impolje (134 mg per 100 g) and the highest sugar content (2585.45 mg per 100 g) in Vučetinac. CONCLUSION The contents of bioactive substances were influenced by various environmental factors such as temperature, UV radiation, altitude, light intensity and fruit ripening stage. Different compounds respond distinctly to different environmental factors. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Senica
- Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Bavec
- Chair for Organic Farming, Field Crops, Vegetables and Ornamentals, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Hoče, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Franci Stampar
- Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Młynarczyk K, Walkowiak-Tomczak D, Łysiak GP. Bioactive properties of Sambucus nigra L. as a functional ingredient for food and pharmaceutical industry. J Funct Foods 2017; 40:377-390. [PMID: 32362939 PMCID: PMC7185606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
European black elderberry naturally occurs in most of Europe and has been introduced into various parts of the world for fruit and flower production. Elderberry is rich in nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fatty acids, organic acids, minerals, vitamins and essential oils. Elderberry also contains cyanogenic glycosides which are potentially toxic. Polyphenols, known for their free radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity, are the most important group of bioactive compounds present in elderberry in relatively high concentration. The high antioxidant activity of elderberry fruit and flowers is associated with their therapeutic properties. Elderberry has for a long time been used in folk medicine as a diaphoretic, antipyretic and diuretic agent. In recent years it was also found to have antibacterial, antiviral antidepressant and antitumour and hypoglycemic properties, and to reduce body fat and lipid concentration. Due to its health-promoting and sensory properties, elderberry is used primarily in food and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Młynarczyk
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Walkowiak-Tomczak
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Grzegorz P Łysiak
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ul. Wojska Polskiego 28, Poznan 60-637, Poland
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