1
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Frankowski KJ, Patnaik S, Wang C, Southall N, Dutta D, De S, Li D, Dextras C, Lin YH, Bryant-Connah M, Davis D, Wang F, Wachsmuth LM, Shah P, Williams J, Kabir M, Zhu E, Baljinnyam B, Wang A, Xu X, Norton J, Ferrer M, Titus S, Simeonov A, Zheng W, Mathews Griner LA, Jadhav A, Aubé J, Henderson MJ, Rudloff U, Schoenen FJ, Huang S, Marugan JJ. Discovery and Optimization of Pyrrolopyrimidine Derivatives as Selective Disruptors of the Perinucleolar Compartment, a Marker of Tumor Progression toward Metastasis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8303-8331. [PMID: 35696646 PMCID: PMC10024865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The perinucleolar compartment (PNC) is a dynamic subnuclear body found at the periphery of the nucleolus. The PNC is enriched with RNA transcripts and RNA-binding proteins, reflecting different states of genome organization. PNC prevalence positively correlates with cancer progression and metastatic capacity, making it a useful marker for metastatic cancer progression. A high-throughput, high-content assay was developed to identify novel small molecules that selectively reduce PNC prevalence in cancer cells. We identified and further optimized a pyrrolopyrimidine series able to reduce PNC prevalence in PC3M cancer cells at submicromolar concentrations without affecting cell viability. Structure-activity relationship exploration of the structural elements necessary for activity resulted in the discovery of several potent compounds. Analysis of in vitro drug-like properties led to the discovery of the bioavailable analogue, metarrestin, which has shown potent antimetastatic activity with improved survival in rodent models and is currently being evaluated in a first-in-human phase 1 clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Frankowski
- KU Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States.,Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Noel Southall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Dipannita Dutta
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Soumitta De
- Rare Tumor Initiative, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Dandan Li
- Rare Tumor Initiative, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Christopher Dextras
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Yi-Han Lin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Marthe Bryant-Connah
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Danielle Davis
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Feijun Wang
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Leah M Wachsmuth
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Pranav Shah
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Jordan Williams
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Md Kabir
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Edward Zhu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Bolormaa Baljinnyam
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Amy Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - John Norton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Marc Ferrer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Steve Titus
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Lesley A Mathews Griner
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- KU Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States.,Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mark J Henderson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Udo Rudloff
- Rare Tumor Initiative, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Frank J Schoenen
- KU Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Sui Huang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Juan J Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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2
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Lee CY, Yang SF, Wang PH, Su CW, Hsu HF, Tsai HT, Hsiao YH. Antimetastatic effects of Terminalia catappa leaf extracts on cervical cancer through the inhibition of matrix metalloprotein-9 and MAPK pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:60-66. [PMID: 30259628 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Terminalia catappa leaf extracts (TCE) have been widely investigated, including its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activity, as well as its antimetastatic effects on several types of human cancer. However, no study has examined the antimetastatic potential of TCE in cervical cancer cells. This study aimed to elucidate the potential antimetastatic properties of ethanol extracts of Terminalia catappa in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treated human cervical cancer cells and investigate the signaling pathway of this process. We demonstrated that TCE elicited very low cytotoxicity and significantly inhibited cellular migration and invasion in human HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cells. Moreover, the gelatin zymography, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and real-time PCR analysis revealed that the activity and mRNA level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were inhibited by TCE in a concentration-dependent manner. The Western blot results demonstrated that the highest concentration of TCE (100 μg/ml) reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) by 46% in the HeLa cell lines. In conclusion, it was revealed that TCE exerted antimetastatic effects on cervical cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of MMP-9 through the ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yuan Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wen Su
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Fen Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ting Tsai
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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3
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Anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx attenuate in vitro and in vivo melanoma cancer metastasis. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Abstract
The concept that progression of cancer is regulated by interactions of cancer cells with their microenvironment was postulated by Stephen Paget over a century ago. Contemporary tumour microenvironment (TME) research focuses on the identification of tumour-interacting microenvironmental constituents, such as resident or infiltrating non-tumour cells, soluble factors and extracellular matrix components, and the large variety of mechanisms by which these constituents regulate and shape the malignant phenotype of tumour cells. In this Timeline article, we review the developmental phases of the TME paradigm since its initial description. While illuminating controversies, we discuss the importance of interactions between various microenvironmental components and tumour cells and provide an overview and assessment of therapeutic opportunities and modalities by which the TME can be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Maman
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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5
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Muramatsu M, Gao L, Peresie J, Balderman B, Akakura S, Gelman IH. SSeCKS/AKAP12 scaffolding functions suppress B16F10-induced peritoneal metastasis by attenuating CXCL9/10 secretion by resident fibroblasts. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70281-70298. [PMID: 29050279 PMCID: PMC5642554 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SSeCKS/Gravin/AKAP12 (SSeCKS) is a kinase scaffolding protein known to suppress metastasis by attenuating tumor-intrinsic PKC- and Src-mediated signaling pathways [1]. In addition to downregulation in metastatic cells, in silico analyses identified SSeCKS downregulation in prostate or breast cancer-derived stroma, suggesting a microenvironmental cell role in controlling malignancy. Although orthotopic B16F10 and SM1WT1[BrafV600E] mouse melanoma tumors grew similarly in syngeneic WT or SSeCKS-null (KO) mice, KO hosts exhibited 5- to 10-fold higher levels of peritoneal metastasis, and this enhancement could be adoptively transferred by pre-injecting naïve WT mice with peritoneal fluid (PF), but not non-adherent peritoneal cells (PC), from naïve KO mice. B16F10 and SM1WT1 cells showed increased chemotaxis to KO-PF compared to WT-PF, corresponding to increased PF levels of multiple inflammatory mediators, including the Cxcr3 ligands, Cxcl9 and 10. Cxcr3 knockdown abrogated enhanced chemotaxis to KO-PF and peritoneal metastasis in KO hosts. Conditioned media from KO peritoneal membrane fibroblasts (PMF), but not from KO-PC, induced increased B16F10 chemotaxis over controls, which could be blocked with Cxcl10 neutralizing antibody. KO-PMF exhibited increased levels of the senescence markers, SA-β-galactosidase, p21waf1 and p16ink4a, and enhanced Cxcl10 secretion induced by inflammatory mediators, lipopolysaccharide, TNFα, IFNα and IFNγ. SSeCKS scaffolding-site mutants and small molecule kinase inhibitors were used to show that the loss of SSeCKS-regulated PKC, PKA and PI3K/Akt pathways are responsible for the enhanced Cxcl10 secretion. These data mark the first description of a role for stromal SSeCKS/AKAP12 in suppressing metastasis, specifically by attenuating signaling pathways that promote secretion of tumor chemoattractants in the peritoneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Muramatsu
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Lingqiu Gao
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo 14263, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Peresie
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo 14263, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Balderman
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo 14263, NY, USA
| | - Shin Akakura
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine 92618, CA, USA
| | - Irwin H Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo 14263, NY, USA
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6
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Du W, Zhu J, Chen Y, Zeng Y, Shen D, Zhang N, Ning W, Liu Z, Huang JA. Variant SNPs at the microRNA complementary site in the B7‑H1 3'‑untranslated region increase the risk of non‑small cell lung cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2682-2690. [PMID: 28677815 PMCID: PMC5547930 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNA-binding sites located in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of target genes can have an effect on the interaction of microRNA-mediated regulation, which results in changes in the expression levels of target genes ultimately associated with cancer risk and patient prognosis. However, the role of SNPs at the 3′-UTR of B7-H1 in the susceptibility of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, SNPs with a minor allele frequency >10%, which were located at the microRNA complementary site in the PD-L1 3′-UTR, were selected via bioinformatic prediction using Ensembl and miRanda 2010. A total of three SNPs were selected, s2297136, rs4143815 and rs4742098, in the 3′-UTR of B7-H1. The rs2297136 and rs4742098 SNPs exhibited significant differences between 320 patients with NSCLC and 199 healthy individuals, respectively (P<0.001 and P=0.007). For the rs2297136 SNP, the AG genotype was significantly associated with evaluation of the risk of NSCLC, compared the AA genotype [odds ratio (OR)=2.287; 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=1.558–3.358]. Similarly, for the rs4742098 SNP, the AG genotype differed from the AA genotype on evaluation of the risk of NSCLC (OR=1.599; 95% CI=1.027–2.488). Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that rs2297136 and rs4742098 in the B7-H1 3′-UTR contributed to the occurrence of NSCLC through disrupting the interaction between miR-296-5p, miR-138 and B7-H1 mRNA. These results indicated that genetic polymorphisms affecting the expression of B7-H1 modified cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jianjie Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yanbin Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Dan Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Ning
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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7
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Gong WY, Zhao ZX, Liu BJ, Lu LW, Dong JC. Exploring the chemopreventive properties and perspectives of baicalin and its aglycone baicalein in solid tumors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 126:844-852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been estimated to be the sixth most common cancer worldwide. The distant metastasis plays a critical role in the management and prognosis in oral cancer patients. Regarding the distant metastasis from the oral cancer, the hypopharynx is the most common primary site, followed by the base of tongue and anterior tongue. The present review article analyzes the characteristics of the distant metastases from the oral cavity from 1937 to 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soussan Irani
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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9
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Dan LA, Werdyani S, Xu J, Shestopaloff K, Hyde A, Dicks E, Younghusband B, Green J, Parfrey P, Xu W, Savas S. No associations of a set of SNPs in the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) genes with survival of colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2221-31. [PMID: 27334288 PMCID: PMC5055182 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations of genetic variations within select genes functioning in angiogenesis, lymph‐angiogenesis, and metastasis pathways and the risk of outcome in colorectal cancer patients. We followed a two‐stage analysis: First, 381 polymorphisms from 30 genes (eight Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and 22 Matrix Metalloproteinase [MMP] genes) were investigated in the discovery cohort (n = 505). Then, 16 polymorphisms with the lowest P‐value in this analysis were investigated in a separate replication cohort (n = 247). Genotypes were obtained using the Illumina® HumanOmni‐1‐Quad (discovery cohort) and Sequenom MassArray® (replication cohort) platforms. The primary outcome measure was overall survival (OS). Kaplan–Meier, univariate and multivariable Cox regression methods were used to test the associations between genotypes and OS. Four SNPs (rs12365082, rs11225389, rs11225388, and rs2846707) had the univariate analysis P < 0.05 in both the discovery and replication cohorts. These SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium with each other to varying extent and are located in the MMP8 and MMP27 genes. In the multivariable analysis adjusting for age, stage, and microsatellite instability status, three of these SNPs (rs12365082, rs11225389, rs11225388) were independent predictors of OS (P < 0.05) in the discovery cohort. However, the same analysis in the replication cohort did not yield statistically significant results. Overall, while the genetic variations in the VEGF and MMP genes are attractive candidates as prognostic markers, our study showed no evidence of associations of a large set of SNPs in these genes and overall survival of colorectal cancer patients in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia A Dan
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Salem Werdyani
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Jingxiong Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Angela Hyde
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Dicks
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Ban Younghusband
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Jane Green
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Patrick Parfrey
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sevtap Savas
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. .,Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
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10
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LI RONGHUI, SUN YINGYAN, JIANG AIYING, WU YAN, LI CHENGWEI, JIN MINGCHUN, YAN HAIRUN, JIN HONG. Knockdown of ephrin receptor A7 suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of A549 human lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3190-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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11
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Kim EK, Tang Y, Cha KS, Choi H, Lee CB, Yoon JH, Kim SB, Kim JS, Kim JM, Han WC, Choi SJ, Lee S, Choi EJ, Kim SH. Artemisia asiatica Nakai Attenuates the Expression of Proinflammatory Mediators in Stimulated Macrophages Through Modulation of Nuclear Factor-κB and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways. J Med Food 2015; 18:921-8. [PMID: 26061361 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory effects and potential mechanism of action of Artemisia asiatica Nakai (A. asiatica Nakai) extract in activated murine macrophages. A. asiatica Nakai extract showed dose-dependent suppression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 activity. It also showed dose-dependent inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus and as an inhibitor of NF-κB-alpha phosphorylation. The extract's inhibitory effects were found to be mediated through NF-κB inhibition and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 in LPS-stimulated J774A.1 murine macrophages, suggesting a potential mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activity of A. asiatica Nakai. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the anti-inflammatory effects of A. asiatica Nakai on J774A.1 murine macrophages; these results may help develop functional foods possessing an anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Kim
- 1 Division of Food Bio Science, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University , Chungju, Korea.,2 Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University , Chungju, Korea
| | - Yujiao Tang
- 1 Division of Food Bio Science, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University , Chungju, Korea.,2 Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University , Chungju, Korea
| | - Kwang-Suk Cha
- 3 Division of Sport Science, College of Science and Technology, Konkuk University , Chungju, Korea
| | - Heeri Choi
- 3 Division of Sport Science, College of Science and Technology, Konkuk University , Chungju, Korea
| | - Chun Bok Lee
- 4 Department of Korean Food and Culinary Arts, Youngsan University , Busan, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Yoon
- 5 Institute for Natural Science Research, Hannam University , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Bae Kim
- 6 Division of Sports Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jong-Shik Kim
- 7 Department of Sports Industry & Welfare, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Jong Moon Kim
- 8 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital , Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Weon Cheol Han
- 9 Department Pathology, Sanbon Medical Center, Wonkwang University , Sanbon, Korea
| | - Suck-Jun Choi
- 10 Department of Medical Non-Commissioned Officer, Wonkwang Health Science University , Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- 11 Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Choi
- 3 Division of Sport Science, College of Science and Technology, Konkuk University , Chungju, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- 12 Laboratory of Immunotoxicology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea
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12
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Shirako Y, Taya Y, Sato K, Chiba T, Imai K, Shimazu Y, Aoba T, Soeno Y. Heterogeneous tumor stromal microenvironments of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells in tongue and nodal metastatic lesions in a xenograft mouse model. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 44:656-68. [PMID: 25765182 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma exhibits a poor prognosis, caused by aggressive progression and early-stage metastasis to cervical lymph nodes. Here, we developed a xenograft mouse model to explore the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment that may govern local invasion and nodal metastasis of tumor cells. METHODS We transplanted five oral carcinoma cell lines into the tongues of nude mice and determined tongue tumor growth and micrometastatic dissemination by serially sectioning the tongue and lymph node lesions in combination with immunohistochemistry and computer-assisted image analysis. Our morphometric analysis enabled a quantitative assessment of blood and lymphatic endothelial densities in the intratumoral and host stromal regions. RESULTS All cell lines tested were tumorigenic in mouse tongue. The metastatic lesion-derived carcinoma cell lines (OSC19, OSC20, and HSC2) yielded a 100% nodal metastasis rate, whereas the primary tumor-derived cell lines (KOSC2 and HO-1-u-1) showed <40% metastatic potential. Immunohistochemistry showed that the individual cell lines gave rise to heterogeneous tumor architecture and phenotypes and that their micrometastatic lesions assimilated the immunophenotypic properties of the corresponding tongue tumors. Notably, OSC19 and OSC20 cells shared similar aggressive tumorigenicity in both the tongue and lymph node environments but displayed markedly diverse immunophenotypes and gene expression profiles. CONCLUSIONS Our model facilitated comparing the tumor microenvironments in tongue and lymph node lesions. The results support that tumorigenicity and tumor architecture in the host tongue environment depend on the origin and properties of the carcinoma cell lines and that metastatic progression may take place through heterogeneous tumor-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Shirako
- Department of Pathology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Taya
- Department of Pathology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Sato
- Department of Pathology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashige Chiba
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Imai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shimazu
- Department of Pathology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Food and Life Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takaaki Aoba
- Department of Pathology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuichi Soeno
- Department of Pathology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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MI CHUNLIU, SHI HUI, MA JUAN, HAN LIZHUO, LEE JUNGJOON, JIN XUEJUN. Celastrol induces the apoptosis of breast cancer cells and inhibits their invasion via downregulation of MMP-9. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2527-32. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Herszényi L, Barabás L, Hritz I, István G, Tulassay Z. Impact of proteolytic enzymes in colorectal cancer development and progression. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13246-13257. [PMID: 25309062 PMCID: PMC4188883 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i37.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor invasion and metastasis is a highly complicated, multi-step phenomenon. In the complex event of tumor progression, tumor cells interact with basement membrane and extracellular matrix components. Proteolytic enzymes (proteinases) are involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix, but also in cancer invasion and metastasis. The four categories of proteinases (cysteine-, serine-, aspartic-, and metalloproteinases) are named and classified according to the essential catalytic component in their active site. We and others have shown that proteolytic enzymes play a major role not only in colorectal cancer (CRC) invasion and metastasis, but also in malignant transformation of precancerous lesions into cancer. Tissue and serum-plasma antigen concentrations of proteinases might be of great value in identifying patients with poor prognosis in CRC. Our results, in concordance with others indicate the potential tumor marker impact of proteinases for the early diagnosis of CRC. In addition, proteinases may also serve as potential target molecules for therapeutic agents.
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Papadaki MA, Kallergi G, Zafeiriou Z, Manouras L, Theodoropoulos PA, Mavroudis D, Georgoulias V, Agelaki S. Co-expression of putative stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers on single circulating tumour cells from patients with early and metastatic breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:651. [PMID: 25182808 PMCID: PMC4161777 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood (PB) of patients with breast cancer predicts poor clinical outcome. Cancer cells with stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features display enhanced malignant and metastatic potential. A new methodology was developed in order to investigate the co-expression of a stemness and an EMT marker (ALDH1 and TWIST, respectively) on single CTCs of patients with early and metastatic breast cancer. Methods Triple immunofluorescence using anti-pancytokeratin (A45-B/B3), anti-ALDH1 and anti-TWIST antibodies was performed in cytospins prepared from hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and SKBR-3, MCF-7 and MDA.MB.231 breast cancer cell lines. Evaluation of ALDH1 expression levels (high, low or absent) and TWIST subcellular localization (nuclear, cytoplasmic or absent) was performed using the ARIOL system. Cytospins prepared from peripheral blood of patients with early (n = 80) and metastatic (n = 50) breast cancer were analyzed for CTC detection (based on pan-cytokeratin expression and cytomorphological criteria) and characterized according to ALDH1 and TWIST. Results CTCs were detected in 13 (16%) and 25 (50%) patients with early and metastatic disease, respectively. High ALDH1 expression (ALDH1high) and nuclear TWIST localization (TWISTnuc) on CTCs was confirmed in more patients with metastatic than early breast cancer (80% vs. 30.8%, respectively; p = 0.009). In early disease, ALDH1low/neg CTCs (p = 0.006) and TWISTcyt/neg CTCs (p = 0.040) were mainly observed. Regarding co-expression of these markers, ALDH1high/TWISTnuc CTCs were more frequently evident in the metastatic setting (76% vs. 15.4% of patients, p = 0.001; 61.5% vs. 12.9% of total CTCs), whereas in early disease ALDH1low/neg/TWISTcyt/neg CTCs were mainly detected (61.5% vs. 20% of patients, p = 0.078; 41.9% vs. 7.7% of total CTCs). Conclusions A new assay is provided for the evaluation of ALDH1 and TWIST co-expression at the single CTC-level in patients with breast cancer. A differential expression pattern for these markers was observed both in early and metastatic disease. CTCs expressing high ALDH1, along with nuclear TWIST were more frequently detected in patients with metastatic breast cancer, suggesting that these cells may prevail during disease progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-651) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Galatea Kallergi
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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16
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Klemm C, Dommisch H, Göke F, Kreppel M, Jepsen S, Rolf F, Dommisch K, Perner S, Standop J. Expression profiles for 14-3-3 zeta and CCL20 in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:335-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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High MMP-21 expression in metastatic lymph nodes predicts unfavorable overall survival for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients with lymphatic metastasis. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2644-50. [PMID: 24700287 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the clinical significance of lymph node metastatic (LNM) foci in predicting the overall survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients with LNM. MMP-21 was screened based on the LNM animal model of OSCC. Then four proteins, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-21, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-3 were examined by immunohistochemistry in 63 OSCC specimens, including the primary tumors (PTs) and the corresponding LNM foci. The expression levels between the PTs and LNM foci were compared by Wilcoxon paired test. Relationships between expression of the four proteins and patient overall survival were assessed by Kaplan-Meier based on the median of the labeling index. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the relative hazard factors. MMP-21 and VEGF-C expression levels were higher in the LNM foci than levels in the PTs. Results showed that MMP-2 and VEGF-C expression levels in the PTs and MMP-2, MMP-21 and VEGF-C expression in the LNM foci correlated with the overall survival of the OSCC patients with lymphatic metastasis. MMP-21 expression level in the LNM foci was the most reliable predictor among all the tested factors. These results suggest that high MMP-21 expression in LNM foci can be used to predict survival in OSCC patients with LNM. Characteristics of LNM foci may be more reliable than PT characteristics in predicting the overall survival of OSCC patients with lymphatic metastasis.
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Marzese DM, Scolyer RA, Huynh JL, Huang SK, Hirose H, Chong KK, Kiyohara E, Wang J, Kawas NP, Donovan NC, Hata K, Wilmott JS, Murali R, Buckland ME, Shivalingam B, Thompson JF, Morton DL, Kelly DF, Hoon DS. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation landscape of melanoma progression to brain metastasis reveals aberrations on homeobox D cluster associated with prognosis. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:226-38. [PMID: 24014427 PMCID: PMC3857956 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) represents a frequent complication of cutaneous melanoma. Despite aggressive multi-modality therapy, patients with MBM often have a survival rate of <1 year. Alteration in DNA methylation is a major hallmark of tumor progression and metastasis; however, it remains largely unexplored in MBM. In this study, we generated a comprehensive DNA methylation landscape through the use of genome-wide copy number, DNA methylation and gene expression data integrative analysis of melanoma progression to MBM. A progressive genome-wide demethylation in low CpG density and an increase in methylation level of CpG islands according to melanoma progression were observed. MBM-specific partially methylated domains (PMDs) affecting key brain developmental processes were identified. Differentially methylated CpG sites between MBM and lymph node metastasis (LNM) from patients with good prognosis were identified. Among the most significantly affected genes were the HOX family members. DNA methylation of HOXD9 gene promoter affected transcript and protein expression and was significantly higher in MBM than that in early stages. A MBM-specific PMD was identified in this region. Low methylation level of this region was associated with active HOXD9 expression, open chromatin and histone modifications associated with active transcription. Demethylating agent induced HOXD9 expression in melanoma cell lines. The clinical relevance of this finding was verified in an independent large cohort of melanomas (n = 145). Patients with HOXD9 hypermethylation in LNM had poorer disease-free and overall survival. This epigenome-wide study identified novel methylated genes with functional and clinical implications for MBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard A. Scolyer
- Departments of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology and Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rajmohan Murali
- Department of Pathology
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065USA
| | | | | | - John F. Thompson
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Donald L. Morton
- Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), 2200 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Daniel F. Kelly
- Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), 2200 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
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Hsin CH, Wu BC, Chuang CY, Yang SF, Hsieh YH, Ho HY, Lin HP, Chen MK, Lin CW. Selaginella tamariscina extract suppresses TPA-induced invasion and metastasis through inhibition of MMP-9 in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma HONE-1 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:234. [PMID: 24053256 PMCID: PMC3850717 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is known for its high incidence of neck lymph node metastasis, which represents poor prognosis. The present study aimed to examine the anti-metastatic properties of Selaginella tamariscina extract (STE) in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma HONE-1 cells in vitro. Methods Cell viability was examined by MTT assay, whereas cell motility was measured by invasive, migration and would healing assays. Real-time PCR, and promoter assays confirmed the inhibitory effects of STE on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA level in HONE-1 cells. Results The STE inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced HONE-1 cell migration and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. By zymographic and Western blot analyses, STE was shown to inhibit the activities and expression of MMP-9. Treatment of STE on TPA-induced HONE-1 cells inhibited MMP-9 expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation without affecting JNK and p38 phosphorylation. Conclusions STE inhibits MMP-9 expression and HONE-1 cell metastasis. Its inhibitory effects may involve the Src/FAK/ERK 1/2 pathway. STE may have the potential of being an anti-metastatic agent against NPC.
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Circulating tumor cells in head and neck cancer: clinical impact in diagnosis and follow-up. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 271:15-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Herszényi L, Hritz I, Lakatos G, Varga MZ, Tulassay Z. The behavior of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:13240-63. [PMID: 23202950 PMCID: PMC3497324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131013240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the degradation of extracellular matrix components crucial for tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. MMPs are controlled by natural inhibitors called tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We and others have demonstrated that MMPs and TIMPs are especially important in the process of tumor invasion, progression and the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). It has been proposed that MMPs and TIMPs might play a part not only in tumor invasion and initiation of metastasis but also in carcinogenesis from colorectal adenomas. Several recent studies demonstrated that high preoperative serum or plasma MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 antigen levels are strong predictive factors for poor prognosis in patients with CRC and their determination might be useful for identification of patients with higher risk for cancer recurrence. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 have significant potential tumor marker impact in CRC. Their diagnostic sensitivity is consistently higher than those of conventional biomarkers. The pharmacological targeting of CRC by the development of a new generation of selective inhibitors of MMPs, that is highly specific for certain MMPs, is a promising and challenging area for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Herszényi
- Second Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Szentkirályi str. 46, H-1088, Hungary; E-Mails: (I.H.); (G.L.); (M.Z.V.); (Z.T.)
| | - István Hritz
- Second Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Szentkirályi str. 46, H-1088, Hungary; E-Mails: (I.H.); (G.L.); (M.Z.V.); (Z.T.)
- First Department of Medicine, Fejér County Szent György Hospital, Székesfehérvár, H-8000, Hungary
| | - Gábor Lakatos
- Second Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Szentkirályi str. 46, H-1088, Hungary; E-Mails: (I.H.); (G.L.); (M.Z.V.); (Z.T.)
- Department of Oncology, Szent László Hospital, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Mária Zsófia Varga
- Second Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Szentkirályi str. 46, H-1088, Hungary; E-Mails: (I.H.); (G.L.); (M.Z.V.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- Second Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Szentkirályi str. 46, H-1088, Hungary; E-Mails: (I.H.); (G.L.); (M.Z.V.); (Z.T.)
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Abstract
The aetiology of melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer, is complex, involving both genetic and environmental components. Over the past decade, many genetic alterations affecting melanoma development have been identified and more recently a new epigenetic level of regulation has increasingly been explored. MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated epigenetic regulation of tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes has been shown to play a central role in melanomagenesis. Over the past few years, many studies combining miRNA expression arrays and quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR assays have identified different miRNAs deregulated during melanoma progression. Several groups have focused their efforts on understanding the functional role of these different miRNAs in melanoma, identifying their direct targets and elucidating their mechanisms of regulation. This review summarizes the present knowledge of miRNA dysregulation in melanoma. On the basis of the current literature, we present a network of miRNA interactions involved in melanoma progression. Some of these key miRNAs may have utility as diagnostic markers or in targeted treatments.
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Herszényi L, Lakatos G, Hritz I, Varga MZ, Cierny G, Tulassay Z. The role of inflammation and proteinases in tumor progression. Dig Dis 2012; 30:249-54. [PMID: 22722549 DOI: 10.1159/000336914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an important risk factor for the development of cancers. The link between chronic inflammation and the risk of developing cancer is now well established. At least 20% of all cancers arise in association with infection and chronic inflammation. Inflammation and cancer are linked both along intrinsic (driven by genetic events causing malignancy) and extrinsic (driven by inflammatory conditions predisposing to tumor) pathways. Proteinases are key contributors to the breakdown and reconstitution of extracellular matrix components in physiological processes and pathological conditions, including destructive diseases and tumor progression. Matrix metalloproteinases are especially essential in the complex process of coregulation between cellular components of the tumor environment, and they are considered as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in many types and stages of cancer. Although the link between chronic inflammation, proteinases and risk of developing cancer is now well established, several open questions remain. The most exciting challenge is to find the best approach to target cancer-associated inflammation in patients with cancer. With respect to matrix metalloproteinases, the development of a new generation of selective inhibitors is a promising area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Herszényi
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Vaiopoulos AG, Kostakis ID, Koutsilieris M, Papavassiliou AG. Colorectal cancer stem cells. Stem Cells 2012; 30:363-71. [PMID: 22232074 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and lethal cancers worldwide. It is a multistep process that requires the accumulation of genetic/epigenetic aberrations. There are several issues concerning colorectal carcinogenesis that remain unanswered, such as the cell of origin and the type of cells that propagate the tumor after its initiation. There are two models of carcinogenesis: the stochastic and the cancer stem cell (CSC) model. According to the stochastic model, any kind of cell is capable of initiating and promoting cancer development, whereas the CSC model suggests that tumors are hierarchically organized and only CSCs possess cancer-promoting potential. Moreover, various molecular pathways, such as Wingless/Int (Wnt) and Notch, as well as the complex crosstalk network between microenvironment and CSCs, are involved in CRC. Identification of CSCs remains controversial due to the lack of widely accepted specific molecular markers. CSCs are responsible for tumor relapse, because conventional drugs fail to eliminate the CSC reservoir. Therefore, the design of CSC-targeted interventions is a rational target, which will enhance responsiveness to traditional therapeutic strategies and reduce local recurrence and metastasis. This review discusses the implications of the newly introduced CSC model in CRC, the markers used up to now for CSC identification, and its potential implications in the design of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Huynh KT, Hoon DSB. Epigenetics of regional lymph node metastasis in solid tumors. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 29:747-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Liao YF, Rao YK, Tzeng YM. Aqueous extract of Anisomeles indica and its purified compound exerts anti-metastatic activity through inhibition of NF-κB/AP-1-dependent MMP-9 activation in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2930-6. [PMID: 22634262 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Anisomeles indica popularly known in Taiwan as 'yu-chen-tsao' has been traditionally used as an anticancer and anti-inflammatory agent; however, little is known about its anti-metastatic potential. Therefore, we attempted in this study to examine the anti-metastatic potential of A. indica aqueous extract (AI), its isolated compounds apigenin, ovatodiolide, β-sitosterol and acteoside in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. Among the test agents, crude extract AI and pure compound apigenin potently suppressed the TPA-induced MCF-7 cells migration and invasion. In addition, AI and apigenin time- and dose-dependently down regulated the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 enzymatic activities and its mRNA expression. Furthermore, AI and apigenin also down regulated the nuclear factor (NF)-κB subunit p65, and activator protein (AP)-1 subunit c-Fos proteins expression in nucleus and, transcriptional activity of NF-κB and AP-1. This is the first report on the anti-metastatic potential of A. indica that suppressed the cancer cell invasion through the inhibition of MMP-9 enzyme via NF-κB/AP-1 signaling. Taken together, our data indicate that A. indica can be considered as a source of new anti-metastatic agent for food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fan Liao
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan, ROC
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Jiao Y, Sun KK, Zhao L, Xu JY, Wang LL, Fan SJ. Suppression of human lung cancer cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro by the transducer of ErbB-2.1 (TOB1). Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:250-60. [PMID: 22158108 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of the transducer of ErbB-2.1 (TOB1) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of human lung cancer cells in vitro. METHODS Human lung cancer cell lines (95-D, A549, NCI-H1299, NCI-H1975, NCI-H661, NCI-H446, NCI-H1395, and Calu-3) and the normal human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell line were tested. The expression levels of TOB1 in the cells were determined with Western blot and RT-PCR analyses. TOB1-overexpressing cell line 95-D/TOB1 was constructed using lipofectamine-induced TOB1 recombinant plasmid transfection and selective G418 cell culture. The A549 cells were transcend-transfected with TOB1-siRNA. MTT assay, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis were used to examine the effects of TOB1 on cancer cell proliferation and wound healing. Transwell invasive assay was performed to evaluate the effects of TOB1 on cancer cell migration and invasion. The activity of MMP2 and MMP9 was measured using gelatin zymography assay. RESULTS The expression levels of TOB1 in the 8 human lung cancer cell lines were significantly lower than that in HBE cells. TOB1 overexpression inhibited the proliferation of 95-D cells, whereas TOB1 knockdown with TOB1-siRNA promoted the growth of A549 cells. Decreased cell migration and invasion were detected in 95-D/TOB1 cells, and the suppression of TOB1 enhanced the metastasis in A549 cells. TOB1 overexpression not only increased the expression of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), an important tumor suppressor, but also regulated the downstream effectors in the PI3K/PTEN signaling pathway, including Akt, ERK1/2, etc. In contrast, decreased expression of TOB1 oppositely regulated the expression of these factors. TOB1 also regulates the gelatinase activity of MMP2 and MMP9 in lung cancer cells. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that the PI3K/PTEN pathway, which is essential for carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis, may be one of the possible signaling pathways for regulation of proliferation and metastasis of human lung cancer cells by TOB1 in vitro.
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Greenberg ES, Chong KK, Huynh KT, Tanaka R, Hoon DSB. Epigenetic biomarkers in skin cancer. Cancer Lett 2012; 342:170-7. [PMID: 22289720 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic aberrations have been associated with cutaneous melanoma tumorigenesis and progression including dysregulated DNA gene promoter region methylation, histone modification, and microRNA. Several of these major epigenetic aberrations have been developed into biomarkers. Epigenetic biomarkers can be detected in tissue and in blood as circulating DNA in melanoma patients. There is strong evidence that biomarkers in cutaneous melanoma will have an important role as companions to therapeutics and overall patient management. Important progress has been made in epigenetic melanoma biomarker development and verification of clinical utility, and this review discusses some of the key current developments and existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward S Greenberg
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
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Drzewiecka H, Jagodzinski PP. Trichostatin A reduced phospholipase C gamma-1 transcript and protein contents in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2011; 66:1-5. [PMID: 22257695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has recently been demonstrated that phospholipase C gamma-1 (PLCγ1) activation may contribute to breast carcinoma cell motility and their metastasis. Employing MCF-7 breast cancer cells, we showed the effect of trichostatin A (TSA) on the cellular contents of the PLCγ1 molecule. Using reverse transcription, real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, we demonstrated that TSA reduced the PLCγ1 transcript and protein levels in MCF-7 cells. We also found that TSA decreased the half-life of the PLCγ1 transcript from approximately 7hours to 5hours. Moreover, we observed that protein synthesis appears to be essential in the TSA reduction of PLCγ1 mRNA stability. Since PLCγ1 activation is considered a key factor in the initiation of events that increase malignant cell motility, our observations may support the validity of TSA in anticancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Drzewiecka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781 Poznań, Poland
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Adenovirus-mediated siRNA targeting Bcl-xL inhibits proliferation, reduces invasion and enhances radiosensitivity of human colorectal cancer cells. World J Surg Oncol 2011; 9:117. [PMID: 21970601 PMCID: PMC3198948 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-9-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bcl-xL, an important member of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family, plays critical roles in tumor progression and development. Previously, we have reported that overexpression of Bcl-xL was correlated with prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of Bcl-xL expression with invasion and radiosensitivity of human CRC cells. Methods RT-PCR and Western blot assays were performed to determine the expression of Bcl-xL mRNA and protein in CRC cells and normal human intestinal epithelial cell line. Then, adenovirus-mediated RNA interference technique was employed to inhibit the expression of Bcl-xL gene in CRC cells. The proliferation of CRC cells was analyzed by MTT and colony formation assay. The migration and invasion of CRC cells was determined by wound-healing and tranwell invasion assays. Additionally, the in vitro and in vivo radiosensitivity of CRC cells was determined by clonogenic cell survival assay and murine xnograft model, respectively. Results The levels of Bcl-xL mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in human CRC cells than in normal human intestinal epithelial cell line. Ad/shBcl-xL could significantly reduce the expression of Bcl-xL protein in CRC cells. Also, we showed that adenovirus-mediated siRNA targeting Bcl-xL could significantly inhibit proliferation and colony formation of CRC cells. Ad/shBcl-xL could significantly suppress migration and invasion of CRC cells. Moreover, Ad/shBcl-xL could enhance in vitro and in vivo radiosensitivity of CRC cells by increasing caspase-dependent apoptosis. Conclusions Targeting Bcl-xL will be a promising strategy to inhibit the metastatic potential and reverse the radioresistance of human CRC.
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Harring TR, Nguyen NTN, Goss JA, O'Mahony CA. Treatment of liver metastases in patients with neuroendocrine tumors: a comprehensive review. Int J Hepatol 2011; 2011:154541. [PMID: 22013537 PMCID: PMC3195553 DOI: 10.4061/2011/154541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with Neuroendocrine Tumors (NET) often are also diagnosed with Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases (NLM) during the course of their disease. NLM can cause significant morbidity and mortality, oftentimes much more than compared to patients with NET. Treatment options have been limited in the past, focusing on surgical resections, for which only a minority of patients are candidates. However, developments of new treatment modalities have progressed rapidly and patients with NLM now have significantly more options, including surgical-directed therapies; liver-directed therapies; and nonsurgical, non-liver-directed therapies. This review provides information about the roles of hepatic resection, orthotopic liver resection, radiofrequency ablation, hepatic artery embolization and hepatic artery chemoembolization, hepatic artery radioembolization and selective internal radiation therapy, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, systemic chemotherapy, biotherapies including somatostatin analogs and interferon-α, vascular endothelial growth factor and mTOR targets, and microRNA-regulated pathways. Given these new options, the clinician can tailor therapy specific to the patient diagnosed with NLM, thereby giving the patient the best possible chance of prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa R. Harring
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite No. 404D, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - N. Thao N. Nguyen
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite No. 404D, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John A. Goss
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite No. 404D, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Division of Abdominal Transplantation, The Liver Center, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1709 Dryden Street, Suite No. 1500, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christine A. O'Mahony
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite No. 404D, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Division of Abdominal Transplantation, The Liver Center, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1709 Dryden Street, Suite No. 1500, Houston, TX 77030, USA,*Christine A. O'Mahony:
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