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Zhu J, Song T, Li Z, Zheng W, Liu Y, Li H, Wang S, Tang J, Feng S, Wang L, Lu X, Yuan F, Zhu Z. Integration of bioinformatics and multi-layered experimental validation reveals novel functions of acetylation-related genes in intervertebral disc degeneration. Gene 2024; 933:148974. [PMID: 39349110 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms underlying intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) remain poorly understood. The purpose of this work is to elucidate key molecules and investigate the roles of acetylation-related RNAs and their associated pathways in IDD. METHOD Datasets GSE70362 and GSE124272 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and combined to investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with acetylation in IDD patients compared to healthy controls. Critical genes were pinpointed by integrating GO, KEGG and PPI networks. Furthermore, CIBERSORTx analysis was used to investigate the differences in immune cell infiltration between different groups and the biological processes (BP), cellular components (CC) and molecular functions (MF) were calculated by GSEA and GSVA. In addition, The single-cell database GSE165722 was incorporated to validate the specific expression patterns of hub genes in cells and identify distinct cell subtypes. This provides a theoretical basis for a more in-depth understanding of the roles played by critical cell subtypes in the process of IDD. Subsequently, tissues from IVD with varying degrees of degeneration were collected to corroborate the key DEGs using western blot, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS By integrating various datasets and references, we identified a total of 1620 acetylation-related genes. These genes were subjected to a combined analysis with the DEGs from the databases included in this study, resulting in the discovery of 358 acetylation-related differentially expressed genes (ARDEGs). A comparative analysis with differentially expressed genes obtained from three databases yielded 19 ARDEGs. The PPI network highlighted the top 10 genes (IL1B, LAMP1, PPIA, SOD2, LAMP2, FBL, MBP, SELL, IRF1 and KHDRBS1) based on their protein interaction relationships. CIBERSORTx immune infiltration analysis revealed a moderate positive correlation between the gene IL1β and Mast.cells.activated, as well as a similar correlation between the gene IRF1 and Mast.cells.activated. Single-cell dataset was used to identify cell types and illustrate the distribution of hub genes in different cell types. The two cell types with the highest AUCell scores (Neutrophils and Monocytes) were further explored, leading to the subdivision of Neutrophils into two new cell subtypes: S100A9-type Neutrophils and MARCKS-type Neutrophils. Monocytes were labeled as HLA-DRA9-type Monocytes and IGHG3-type Monocytes. Finally, molecular biology techniques were employed to validate the expression of the top 10 hub genes. Among them, four genes (IL1β, SOD2, LAMP2, and IRF1) were confirmed at the gene level, while two (IL1β and SOD2) were validated at the protein level. CONCLUSION In this study, we carried out a thorough analysis across three databases to identify and compare ARDEGs between IDD patients and healthy individuals. Furthermore, we validated a subset of these genes using molecular biology techniques on clinical samples. The identification of these differently expressed genes has the potential to offer new insights for diagnosing and treating IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223003, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tongqu Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinlong Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhengya Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Schoberleitner I, Faserl K, Tripp CH, Pechriggl EJ, Sigl S, Brunner A, Zelger B, Hermann-Kleiter N, Baier L, Steinkellner T, Sarg B, Egle D, Brunner C, Wolfram D. Silicone implant surface microtopography modulates inflammation and tissue repair in capsular fibrosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342895. [PMID: 38566997 PMCID: PMC10985323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive fibrous capsule formation around silicone mammary implants (SMI) involves immune reactions to silicone. Capsular fibrosis, a common SMI complication linked to host responses, worsens with specific implant topographies. Our study with 10 patients investigated intra- and inter-individually, reduced surface roughness effects on disease progression, wound responses, chronic inflammation, and capsular composition. The results illuminate the significant impact of surface roughness on acute inflammatory responses, fibrinogen accumulation, and the subsequent fibrotic cascade. The reduction of surface roughness to an average roughness of 4 μm emerges as a promising approach for mitigating detrimental immune reactions, promoting healthy wound healing, and curbing excessive fibrosis. The identified proteins adhering to rougher surfaces shed light on potential mediators of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic processes, further emphasizing the need for meticulous consideration of surface design. The composition of the implant capsule and the discovery of intracapsular HSP60 expression highlight the intricate web of stress responses and immune activation that can impact long-term tissue outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Schoberleitner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Faserl
- Protein Core Facility, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph H. Tripp
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Judith Pechriggl
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephan Sigl
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Brunner
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- INNPATH GmbH, Tirol Kliniken, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Zelger
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natascha Hermann-Kleiter
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Department for Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leoni Baier
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Theresia Steinkellner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Sarg
- Protein Core Facility, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Egle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christine Brunner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dolores Wolfram
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Zhou J, Wang J, Li J, Zhu Z, He Z, Li J, Tang T, Chen H, Du Y, Li Z, Gao M, Zhou Z, Xi Y. Repetitive strikes loading organ culture model to investigate the biological and biomechanical responses of the intervertebral disc. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1314. [PMID: 38249719 PMCID: PMC10797252 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Disc degeneration is associated with repetitive violent injuries. This study aims to explore the impact of repetitive strikes loading on the biology and biomechanics of intervertebral discs (IVDs) using an organ culture model. Methods IVDs from the bovine tail were isolated and cultured in a bioreactor, with exposure to various loading conditions. The control group was subjected to physiological loading, while the model group was exposed to either one strike loading (compression at 38% of IVD height) or repetitive one strike loading (compression at 38% of IVD height). Disc height and dynamic compressive stiffness were measured after overnight swelling and loading. Furthermore, histological morphology, cell viability, and gene expression were analyzed on Day 32. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and nitric oxide (NO) release in conditioned medium were also analyzed. Results The repetitive one strike group exhibited early disc degeneration, characterized by decreased dynamic compression stiffness, the presence of annulus fibrosus clefts, and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Additionally, this group demonstrated significantly higher levels of cell death (p < 0.05) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Furthermore, upregulation of MMP1, MMP13, and ADAMTS5 was observed in both nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) tissues of the repetitive one strike group (p < 0.05). The one strike group exhibited annulus fibrosus clefts but showed no gene expression changes compared to the control group. Conclusions This study shows that repetitive violent injuries lead to the degeneration of a healthy bovine IVDs, thereby providing new insights into early-stage disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Zhou
- Department of Spinal SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zhengya Zhu
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Junhong Li
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Tao Tang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Hongkun Chen
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yukun Du
- Department of Spinal SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute DavosDavosSwitzerland
| | - Manman Gao
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Sport Medicine, Inst Translat MedThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti‐aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Health Sciences CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yongming Xi
- Department of Spinal SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
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Liu L, Sun H, Zhang Y, Liu C, Zhuang Y, Liu M, Ai X, Long D, Huang B, Li C, Zhou Y, Dong S, Feng C. Dynamics of N6-methyladenosine modification during aging and their potential roles in the degeneration of intervertebral disc. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1316. [PMID: 38283178 PMCID: PMC10810761 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) dynamics in the progression of intervertebral disc (IVD) aging remain largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the distribution and pattern of m6A modification in nucleus pulpous (NP) tissues of rats at different ages. Methods Histological staining and MRI were performed to evaluate the degeneration of IVD. The expression of m6A modifiers was analyzed using qRT-PCR and western blot. Subsequently, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation next generation sequencing and RNA-seq were conducted to identify differences in m6A methylome and transcriptome of NP tissues. Results Compared to 2-month-old rats, we found significant changes in the global m6A level and the expression of Mettl3 and FTO in NP tissues from 20-month-old rats. During the progression of NP aging, there were 1126 persistently differentially m6A peaks within 931 genes, and 51 persistently differentially expressed genes. GO and KEGG analyses showed that these m6A peaks and m6A modified genes were mainly engaged in the biological processes and pathways of intervertebral disc degermation (IDD), such as extracellular matrix metabolism, angiogenesis, inflammatory response, mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways. Meanwhile, conjoint analyses and Venn diagram revealed a total of 405 aging related genes contained significant methylation and expression levels in 20-month-old rats in contrast to 2-month-old and 10-month-old rats. Moreover, it was found that four aging related genes with hypermethylated modification including BUB1, CA12, Adamts1, and Adamts4 depicted differentially expressed at protein level, of which BUB1 and CA12 were decreased, while Adamts1 and Adamts4 were increased during the progression of NP aging. Conclusion Collectively, this study elucidated the distribution and pattern of m6A modification during the aging of IVD. Furthermore, the m6A modified genes were involved in the IDD related biological processes and pathways. These findings may provide novel insights into the mechanisms and therapies of IDD from the perspective of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libangxi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of OrthopaedicsAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yong Zhuang
- Department of OrthopaedicsAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Xuezheng Ai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dan Long
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical EngineeringArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined InjuryArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chencheng Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical EngineeringArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Vernengo A, Bumann H, Kluser N, Soubrier A, Šećerović A, Gewiess J, Jansen JU, Neidlinger-Wilke C, Wilke HJ, Grad S. Chemonucleolysis combined with dynamic loading for inducing degeneration in bovine caudal intervertebral discs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1178938. [PMID: 37711456 PMCID: PMC10499327 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1178938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemonucleolysis has become an established method of producing whole organ culture models of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. However, the field needs more side-by-side comparisons of the degenerative effects of the major enzymes used in chemonucleolysis towards gaining a greater understanding of how these organ culture models mimic the wide spectrum of characteristics observed in human degeneration. In the current work we induced chemonucleolysis in bovine coccygeal IVDs with 100 µL of papain (65 U/mL), chondroitinase ABC (chABC, 5 U/mL), or collagenase II (col'ase, 0.5 U/mL). Each enzyme was applied in a concentration projected to produce moderate levels of degeneration. After 7 days of culture with daily dynamic physiological loading (0.02-0.2 MPa, 0.2 Hz, 2 h), the cellular, biochemical and histological properties of the IVDs were evaluated in comparison to a PBS-injected control. Papain and collagenase, but not chABC, produced macroscopic voids in the tissues. Compared to day 0 intact IVDs, papain induced the greatest magnitude glycosaminoglycan (GAG) loss compared to chABC and col'ase. Papain also induced the greatest height loss (3%), compared to 0.7%, 1.2% and 0.4% for chABC, col'ase, and PBS, respectively. Cell viability in the region adjacent to papain and PBS-injection remained at nearly 100% over the 7-day culture period, whereas it was reduced to 60%-70% by chABC and col'ase. Generally, enzyme treatment tended to downregulate gene expression for major ECM markers, type I collagen (COL1), type II collagen (COL2), and aggrecan (ACAN) in the tissue adjacent to injection. However, chABC treatment induced an increase in COL2 gene expression, which was significant compared to the papain treated group. In general, papain and col'ase treatment tended to recapitulate aspects of advanced IVD degeneration, whereas chABC treatment captured aspects of early-stage degeneration. Chemonucleolysis of whole bovine IVDs is a useful tool providing researchers with a robust spectrum of degenerative changes and can be utilized for examination of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jan Gewiess
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jan Ulrich Jansen
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Joachim Wilke
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sibylle Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Tang T, He Z, Zhu Z, Wang F, Chen H, Zhang F, Zhou J, Wang J, Li B, Liu X, Zhou Z, Liu S. Identification of novel gene signatures and immune cell infiltration in intervertebral disc degeneration using bioinformatics analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1169718. [PMID: 37520321 PMCID: PMC10380950 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1169718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the leading cause of lower back pain, and an overall understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to IDD is still lacking. The purpose of this study was to explore gene signatures and immune cell infiltration related to IDD via bioinformatics analysis. Methods: A total of five expression profiles of mRNA and non-coding RNA were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The potentially involved lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed by miRNet, circBank, STRING, and the Cytoscape database. Gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes Analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Set Variation Analysis, Immune Infiltration Analysis, and Drug-Gene Interaction were used to analyse the top 20 hub genes. RT-qPCR was conducted to confirm the 12 differential expressions of genes both in the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus tissues Results: There were 346 differentially expressed mRNAs, 12 differentially expressed miRNAs, 883 differentially expressed lncRNAs, and 916 differentially expressed circRNAs in the GEO database. Functional and enrichment analyses revealed hub genes associated with platelet activation, immune responses, focal adhesion, and PI3K-Akt signalling. The apoptotic pathway, the reactive oxygen species pathway, and oxidative phosphorylation play an essential role in IDD. Immune infiltration analysis demonstrated that the Treg cells had significant infiltration, and three levels of immune cells, including dendritic cells, Th2 cells, and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, were inhibited in IDD. Drug-gene interaction analysis showed that COL1A1 and COL1A2 were targeted by collagenase clostridium histolyticum, ocriplasmin, and PDGFRA was targeted by 66 drugs or molecular compounds. Finally, 24 cases of IDD tissues and 12 cases of normal disc tissues were collected, and the results of RT-qPCR were consistent with the bioinformatics results. Conclusion: Our data indicated that the 20 hub genes and immune cell infiltration were involved in the pathological process of IDD. In addition, the PDGFRA and two potential drugs were found to be significant in IDD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengya Zhu
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuan Wang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongkun Chen
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fu Zhang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baoliang Li
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xizhe Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Basatvat S, Bach FC, Barcellona MN, Binch AL, Buckley CT, Bueno B, Chahine NO, Chee A, Creemers LB, Dudli S, Fearing B, Ferguson SJ, Gansau J, Gantenbein B, Gawri R, Glaeser JD, Grad S, Guerrero J, Haglund L, Hernandez PA, Hoyland JA, Huang C, Iatridis JC, Illien‐Junger S, Jing L, Kraus P, Laagland LT, Lang G, Leung V, Li Z, Lufkin T, van Maanen JC, McDonnell EE, Panebianco CJ, Presciutti SM, Rao S, Richardson SM, Romereim S, Schmitz TC, Schol J, Setton L, Sheyn D, Snuggs JW, Sun Y, Tan X, Tryfonidou MA, Vo N, Wang D, Williams B, Williams R, Yoon ST, Le Maitre CL. Harmonization and standardization of nucleus pulposus cell extraction and culture methods. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1238. [PMID: 36994456 PMCID: PMC10041384 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro studies using nucleus pulposus (NP) cells are commonly used to investigate disc cell biology and pathogenesis, or to aid in the development of new therapies. However, lab-to-lab variability jeopardizes the much-needed progress in the field. Here, an international group of spine scientists collaborated to standardize extraction and expansion techniques for NP cells to reduce variability, improve comparability between labs and improve utilization of funding and resources. Methods The most commonly applied methods for NP cell extraction, expansion, and re-differentiation were identified using a questionnaire to research groups worldwide. NP cell extraction methods from rat, rabbit, pig, dog, cow, and human NP tissue were experimentally assessed. Expansion and re-differentiation media and techniques were also investigated. Results Recommended protocols are provided for extraction, expansion, and re-differentiation of NP cells from common species utilized for NP cell culture. Conclusions This international, multilab and multispecies study identified cell extraction methods for greater cell yield and fewer gene expression changes by applying species-specific pronase usage, 60-100 U/ml collagenase for shorter durations. Recommendations for NP cell expansion, passage number, and many factors driving successful cell culture in different species are also addressed to support harmonization, rigor, and cross-lab comparisons on NP cells worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frances C. Bach
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marcos N. Barcellona
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublinIreland
| | - Abbie L. Binch
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Conor T. Buckley
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublinIreland
| | - Brian Bueno
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Nadeen O. Chahine
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ana Chee
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Laura B. Creemers
- Department of OrthopedicsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Stefan Dudli
- Center for Experimental RheumatologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Bailey Fearing
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryAtrium Health Musculoskeletal InstituteCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Jennifer Gansau
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Benjamin Gantenbein
- Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department for Orthopedics and Traumatology, Insel University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Rahul Gawri
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Regenerative Orthopaedics and Innovation LaboratoryMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | | | | | - Julien Guerrero
- Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & BioengineeringUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Paula A. Hernandez
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Judith A. Hoyland
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Charles Huang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFloridaUSA
| | - James C. Iatridis
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Liufang Jing
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Petra Kraus
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
- Department of BiologyClarkson UniversityPotsdamNew YorkUSA
| | - Lisanne T. Laagland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Gernot Lang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of MedicineAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University of FreiburgFreiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Victor Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics & TraumatologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute DavosDavosSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Lufkin
- Department of BiologyClarkson UniversityPotsdamNew YorkUSA
| | - Josette C. van Maanen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Emily E. McDonnell
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublinIreland
| | - Chris J. Panebianco
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Sanjna Rao
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Sarah Romereim
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryAtrium Health Musculoskeletal InstituteCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Tara C. Schmitz
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Jordy Schol
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryTokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
| | - Lori Setton
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedic SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Joseph W. Snuggs
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Y. Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics & TraumatologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Xiaohong Tan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Nam Vo
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Brandon Williams
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Rebecca Williams
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - S. Tim Yoon
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldSouth YorkshireUK
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8
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Zhu Z, He Z, Tang T, Wang F, Chen H, Li B, Chen G, Wang J, Tian W, Chen D, Wu X, Liu X, Zhou Z, Liu S. Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis Revealed Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Related Genes Underlying Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1372483. [PMID: 36267810 PMCID: PMC9578809 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1372483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). We aim to explore the pathways and key genes that cause mitochondrial dysfunction during IDD and to further reveal the pathogenesis of IDD based on bioinformatic analyses. Methods Datasets GSE70362 and GSE124272 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of mitochondrial dysfunction between IDD patients and healthy controls were screened by package limma package. Critical genes were identified by adopting gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. We collected both degenerated and normal disc tissues obtained surgically, and we performed western blot and qPCR to verify the key DEGs identified in intervertebral disc tissues. Results In total, 40 cases of IDD and 24 healthy controls were included. We identified 152 DEGs, including 67 upregulated genes and 85 downregulated genes. Four genes related to mitochondrial dysfunction (SOX9, FLVCR1, NR5A1 and UCHL1) were screened out. Of them, SOX9, FLVCR1, and UCHL1 were down-regulated in peripheral blood and intervertebral disc tissues of IDD patients, while NR5A1 was up-regulated. The analysis of immune infiltration showed the concentrations of mast cells activated were significantly the highest in IDD patients. Compared with the control group, the level of T cells CD4 memory resting was the lowest in the patients. In addition, 24 cases of IDD tissues and 12 cases of normal disc tissues were obtained to verify the results of bioinformatics analysis. Both western blot and qPCR results were consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion We identified four genes (SOX9, FLVCR1, NR5A1 and UCHL1) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction that play an important role in the progress of disc degeneration. The identification of these differential genes may provide new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengya Zhu
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fuan Wang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hongkun Chen
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Baoliang Li
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Xinbao Wu
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Xizhe Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Bhadouria N, Berman AG, Wallace JM, Holguin N. Raloxifene Stimulates Estrogen Signaling to Protect Against Age- and Sex-Related Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Mice. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:924918. [PMID: 36032728 PMCID: PMC9404526 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.924918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen agonist raloxifene is an FDA-approved treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, which may also be a promising prophylactic for painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Here, we hypothesized that 1) aging and biological sex contribute to IVD degeneration by reducing estrogen signaling and that 2) raloxifene stimulates estrogen signaling to protect against age- and sex-related IVD degeneration in mice. 2.5-month-old (male and female) and 22.5-month-old (female) C57Bl/6J mice were subcutaneously injected with raloxifene hydrochloride 5x/week for 6 weeks (n = 7-9/grp). Next, female mice were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham operated at 4 months of age and tissues harvested at 6 months (n = 5-6/grp). Advanced aging and OVX increased IVD degeneration score, weakened IVD strength, reduced estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) protein expression, and increased neurotransmitter substance P (SP) expression. Similar to aging and compared with male IVDs, female IVDs were more degenerated, mechanically less viscoelastic, and expressed less ER-α protein, but unlike the effect induced by aging or OVX, IVD mechanical force was greater in females than in males. Therapeutically, systemic injection of raloxifene promoted ER-α protein to quell these dysregulations by enlarging IVD height, alleviating IVD degeneration score, increasing the strength and viscoelastic properties of the IVD, and reducing IVD cell expression of SP in young-adult and old female mice. Transcriptionally, injection of raloxifene upregulated the gene expression of ER-α and extracellular matrix-related anabolism in young-adult and old IVD. In vertebra, advanced aging and OVX reduced trabecular BV/TV, whereas injection of raloxifene increased trabecular BV/TV in young-adult and old female mice, but not in young-adult male mice. In vertebra, advanced aging, OVX, and biological sex (females > males) increased the number of SP-expressing osteocytes, whereas injection of raloxifene reduced the number of SP-expressing osteocytes in young-adult female and male mice and old female mice. Overall, injection of estrogen agonist raloxifene in mice normalized dysregulation of IVD structure, IVD mechanics, and pain-related SP expression in IVD cells and osteocytes induced by aging and biological sex. These data suggest that, in addition to bone loss, raloxifene may relieve painful IVD degeneration in postmenopausal women induced by advanced age, biological sex, and estrogen depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neharika Bhadouria
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States,Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Alycia G. Berman
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States,Indiana Center of Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nilsson Holguin
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States,Indiana Center of Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States,Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Nilsson Holguin,
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10
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Li K, Zhang P, Zhu Y, Alini M, Grad S, Li Z. Establishment of an Ex Vivo Inflammatory Osteoarthritis Model With Human Osteochondral Explants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:787020. [PMID: 34993189 PMCID: PMC8724558 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.787020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease without clear pathophysiological mechanism and effective drugs for treatment. Although various animal models exist, the translation of the outcome into clinics remains difficult due to species differences. In this study, an ex vivo inflammatory OA model was induced using different concentrations of interleukin one beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) on explants from the human femoral head. In the inflammatory OA groups, the gene expression levels of cartilage catabolism (matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3)), and inflammation (interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8)) markers were significantly upregulated, while the anabolic genes (collagen 2 (COL2), aggrecan (ACAN), and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4)) were downregulated compared to the control group. The release of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) and nitric oxide (NO) in the conditioned medium was also upregulated in inflammatory OA groups. The Safranin O/Fast Green staining showed loss of proteoglycan in the superficial zone cartilage after cytokine treatment. The results indicated that an ex vivo inflammation and degeneration model was successfully established using osteochondral explants from the human femoral head. This model can be used to elucidate the in-depth mechanism of inflammatory OA and to screen new drugs for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Penghui Zhang
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
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11
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A new method for preparing single-cell nuclear suspension of frozen spinal cord tissue. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 370:109490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Programmed NP Cell Death Induced by Mitochondrial ROS in a One-Strike Loading Disc Degeneration Organ Culture Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5608133. [PMID: 34512867 PMCID: PMC8426058 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5608133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles in mechanical stress-induced lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD). However, the detailed underlying pathological mechanism needs further investigation. In this study, we utilized a one-strike loading disc degeneration organ culture model to explore the responses of intervertebral discs (IVDs) to mechanical stress. IVDs were subjected to a strain of 40% of the disc height for one second and then cultured under physiological loading. Mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ) or other inhibitors were injected into the IVDs. IVDs subjected to only physiological loading culture were used as controls. Mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly depressed immediately after mechanical stress (P < 0.01). The percentage of ROS-positive cells significantly increased in the first 12 hours after mechanical stress and then declined to a low level by 48 hours. Pretreatment with MitoQ or rotenone significantly decreased the proportion of ROS-positive cells (P < 0.01). Nucleus pulposus (NP) cell viability was sharply reduced at 12 hours after mechanical stress and reached a stable status by 48 hours. While the levels of necroptosis- and apoptosis-related markers were significantly increased at 12 hours after mechanical stress, no significant changes were observed at day 7. Pretreatment with MitoQ increased NP cell viability and alleviated the marker changes by 12 hours after mechanical stress. Elevated mitochondrial ROS levels were also related to extracellular matrix (ECM) degeneration signs, including catabolic marker upregulation, anabolic marker downregulation, increased glycosaminoglycan (GAG) loss, IVD dynamic compressive stiffness reduction, and morphological degradation changes at the early time points after mechanical stress. Pretreatment with MitoQ alleviated some of these degenerative changes by 12 hours after mechanical stress. These changes were eliminated by day 7. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that mitochondrial ROS act as important regulators of programmed NP cell death and ECM degeneration in IVDs at early time points after mechanical stress.
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13
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Cui S, Zhou Z, Chen X, Wei F, Richards RG, Alini M, Grad S, Li Z. Transcriptional profiling of intervertebral disc in a post-traumatic early degeneration organ culture model. JOR Spine 2021; 4:e1146. [PMID: 34611583 PMCID: PMC8479529 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of this study is to characterize transcriptome changes and gene regulation networks in an organ culture system that mimics early post-traumatic intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. METHODS To mimic a traumatic insult, bovine caudal IVDs underwent one strike loading. The control group was cultured under physiological loading. At 24 hours after one strike or physiological loading, RNA was extracted from nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) tissue. High throughput next generation RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the one strike loading group and the control group. Gene Ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed to analyze DEGs and pathways. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was analyzed with cytoscape software. DEGs were verified using qRT-PCR. Degenerated human IVD tissue was collected for immunofluorescence staining to verify the expression of DEGs in human disc tissue. RESULTS One strike loading resulted in significant gene expression changes compared with physiological loading. In total 253 DEGs were found in NP tissue and 208 DEGs in AF tissue. Many of the highly dysregulated genes have known functions in disc degeneration and extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. ACTB, ACTG, PFN1, MYL12B in NP tissue and FGF1, SPP1 in AF tissue were verified by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence imaging. The identified DEGs were involved in focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-AKT, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways. Three clusters of PPI networks were identified. GO enrichment revealed that these DEGs were mainly involved in inflammatory response, the ECM and growth factor signaling and protein folding biological process. CONCLUSION Our study revealed different DEGs, pathways, biological process and PPI networks involved in post-traumatic IVD degeneration. These findings will advance the understanding of the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration, and help to identify novel biomarkers for the disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangbin Cui
- AO Research Institute DavosDavosSwitzerland
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Xu Chen
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Fuxin Wei
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - R. Geoff Richards
- AO Research Institute DavosDavosSwitzerland
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | | | | | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute DavosDavosSwitzerland
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14
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Lee NN, Salzer E, Bach FC, Bonilla AF, Cook JL, Gazit Z, Grad S, Ito K, Smith LJ, Vernengo A, Wilke H, Engiles JB, Tryfonidou MA. A comprehensive tool box for large animal studies of intervertebral disc degeneration. JOR Spine 2021; 4:e1162. [PMID: 34337336 PMCID: PMC8313180 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies involving large animal models aim to recapitulate the clinical situation as much as possible and bridge the gap from benchtop to bedside. To date, studies investigating intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and regeneration in large animal models have utilized a wide spectrum of methodologies for outcome evaluation. This paper aims to consolidate available knowledge, expertise, and experience in large animal preclinical models of IVD degeneration to create a comprehensive tool box of anatomical and functional outcomes. Herein, we present a Large Animal IVD Scoring Algorithm based on three scales: macroscopic (gross morphology, imaging, and biomechanics), microscopic (histological, biochemical, and biomolecular analyses), and clinical (neurologic state, mobility, and pain). The proposed algorithm encompasses a stepwise evaluation on all three scales, including spinal pain assessment, and relevant structural and functional components of IVD health and disease. This comprehensive tool box was designed for four commonly used preclinical large animal models (dog, pig, goat, and sheep) in order to facilitate standardization and applicability. Furthermore, it is intended to facilitate comparison across studies while discerning relevant differences between species within the context of outcomes with the goal to enhance veterinary clinical relevance as well. Current major challenges in pre-clinical large animal models for IVD regeneration are highlighted and insights into future directions that may improve the understanding of the underlying pathologies are discussed. As such, the IVD research community can deepen its exploration of the molecular, cellular, structural, and biomechanical changes that occur with IVD degeneration and regeneration, paving the path for clinically relevant therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi N. Lee
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative OrthopaedicsUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Elias Salzer
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Frances C. Bach
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Andres F. Bonilla
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityColoradoUSA
| | - James L. Cook
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative OrthopaedicsUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Zulma Gazit
- Department of SurgeryCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Lachlan J. Smith
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Andrea Vernengo
- AO Research Institute DavosDavosSwitzerland
- Department of Chemical EngineeringRowan UniversityGlassboroNew JerseyUSA
| | - Hans‐Joachim Wilke
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and BiomechanicsUniversity Hospital UlmUlmGermany
| | - Julie B. Engiles
- Department of Pathobiology, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaKennett SquarePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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15
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A Hyaluronan and Platelet-Rich Plasma Hydrogel for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery in the Intervertebral Disc: An Organ Culture Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062963. [PMID: 33803999 PMCID: PMC7999916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present pilot study was to evaluate the effect of a hydrogel composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a carrier for human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration using a disc organ culture model. HA was mixed with batroxobin (BTX) and PRP to form a hydrogel encapsulating 1 × 106 or 2 × 106 hMSCs. Bovine IVDs were nucleotomized and filled with hMSCs suspended in ~200 μL of the PRP/HA/BTX hydrogel. IVDs collected at day 0 and nucleotomized IVDs with no hMSCs and/or hydrogel alone were used as controls. hMSCs encapsulated in the hydrogel were also cultured in well plates to evaluate the effect of the IVD environment on hMSCs. After 1 week, tissue structure, scaffold integration, hMSC viability and gene expression of matrix and nucleus pulposus (NP) cell markers were assessed. Histological analysis showed a better preservation of the viability of the IVD tissue adjacent to the gel in the presence of hMSCs (~70%) compared to the hydrogel without hMSCs. Furthermore, disc morphology was maintained, and the hydrogel showed signs of integration with the surrounding tissues. At the gene expression level, the hydrogel loaded with hMSCs preserved the normal metabolism of the tissue. The IVD environment promoted hMSC differentiation towards a NP cell phenotype by increasing cytokeratin-19 (KRT19) gene expression. This study demonstrated that the hydrogel composed of HA/PRP/BTX represents a valid carrier for hMSCs being able to maintain a good cell viability while stimulating cell activity and NP marker expression.
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16
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Zhou Z, Cui S, Du J, Richards RG, Alini M, Grad S, Li Z. One strike loading organ culture model to investigate the post-traumatic disc degenerative condition. J Orthop Translat 2020; 26:141-150. [PMID: 33437633 PMCID: PMC7773974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute trauma on intervertebral discs (IVDs) is thought to be one of the risk factors for IVD degeneration. The pathophysiology of IVD degeneration induced by single high impact mechanical injury is not very well understood. The aim of this study was using a post-traumatic IVD model in a whole organ culture system to analyze the biological and biomechanical consequences of the single high-impact loading event on the cultured IVDs. Methods Isolated healthy bovine IVDs were loaded with a physiological loading protocol in the control group or with injurious loading (compression at 50% of IVD height) in the one strike loading (OSL) group. After another 1 day (short term) or 8 days (long term) of whole organ culture within a bioreactor, the samples were collected to analyze the cell viability, histological morphology and gene expression. The conditioned medium was collected daily to analyze the release of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and nitric oxide (NO). Results The OSL IVD injury group showed signs of early degeneration including reduction of dynamic compressive stiffness, annulus fibrosus (AF) fissures and extracellular matrix degradation. Compared to the control group, the OSL model group showed more severe cell death (P < 0.01) and higher GAG release in the culture medium (P < 0.05). The MMP and ADAMTS families were up-regulated in both nucleus pulposus (NP) and AF tissues from the OSL model group (P < 0.05). The OSL injury model induced a traumatic degenerative cascade in the whole organ cultured IVD. Conclusions The present study shows a single hyperphysiological mechanical compression applied to healthy bovine IVDs caused significant drop of cell viability, altered the mRNA expression in the IVD, and increased ECM degradation. The OSL IVD model could provide new insights into the mechanism of mechanical injury induced early IVD degeneration. The translational potential of this article This model has a high potential for investigation of the degeneration mechanism in post-traumatic IVD disease, identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets, as well as screening of treatment therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Zhou
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangbin Cui
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Du
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - R Geoff Richards
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
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17
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Du J, Pfannkuche JJ, Lang G, Häckel S, Creemers LB, Alini M, Grad S, Li Z. Proinflammatory intervertebral disc cell and organ culture models induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha. JOR Spine 2020; 3:e1104. [PMID: 33015577 PMCID: PMC7524256 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) has shown markedly higher expression in degenerated human disc tissue compared with healthy controls. Anti-inflammatory treatment targeting TNF-α has shown to alleviate discogenic pain in patients with low back pain. Therefore, in vitro and ex vivo inflammatory models utilizing TNF-α provide relevant experimental conditions for drug development in disc degeneration research. The current method article addressed several specific questions related to the model establishment. (a) The effects of bovine and human recombinant TNF-α on bovine nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were compared. (b) The required dose for an inflammatory IVD organ culture model with intradiscal TNF-α injection was studied. (c) The effect of TNF-α blocking at different stages of inflammation was evaluated. Outcomes revealed that bovine and human recombinant TNF-α induced equivalent inflammatory effects in bovine NP cells. A bovine whole IVD inflammatory model was established by intradiscal injection of 100 ng TNF-α/ cm3 disc volume, as indicated by increased nitric oxide, glycosaminoglycan, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) release in culture media, and upregulation of MMP3, ADAMTS4, IL-8, IL-6, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in NP tissue. However, results in human NP cells showed that the time point of anti-inflammatory treatment was crucial to achieve significant effects. Furthermore, anticatabolic therapy in conjunction with TNF-α inhibition would be required to slow down the pathologic cascade of disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Du
- AO Research Institute Davos Davos Switzerland
- Department of Orthopedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Judith-J Pfannkuche
- AO Research Institute Davos Davos Switzerland
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery Medical Centre-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Gernot Lang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery Medical Centre-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Sonja Häckel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Laura B Creemers
- Department of Orthopedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos Davos Switzerland
| | | | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos Davos Switzerland
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18
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Li Z, Gehlen Y, Heizmann F, Grad S, Alini M, Richards RG, Kubosch D, Südkamp N, Izadpanah K, Kubosch EJ, Lang G. Preclinical ex-vivo Testing of Anti-inflammatory Drugs in a Bovine Intervertebral Degenerative Disc Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:583. [PMID: 32587853 PMCID: PMC7298127 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Discogenic low back pain (LBP) is a main cause of disability and inflammation is presumed to be a major driver of symptomatic intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Anti-inflammatory agents are currently under investigation as they demonstrated to alleviate symptoms in patients having IDD. However, their underlying anti-inflammatory and regenerative activity is poorly explored. The present study sought to investigate the potential of Etanercept and Tofacitinib for maintaining disc homeostasis in a preclinical intervertebral disc (IVD) organ culture model within IVD bioreactors allowing for dynamic loading and nutrient exchange. Bovine caudal IVDs were cultured in a bioreactor system for 4 days to simulate physiological or degenerative conditions: (1) Phy—physiological loading (0.02–0.2 MPa; 0.2 Hz; 2 h/day) and high glucose DMEM medium (4.5 g/L); (2) Deg+Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)—degenerative loading (0.32–0.5 MPa; 5 Hz; 2 h/day) and low glucose DMEM medium (2 g/L), with TNF-α injection. Etanercept was injected intradiscally while Tofacitinib was supplemented into the culture medium. Gene expression in the IVD tissue was measured by RT-qPCR. Release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) into the IVD conditioned medium were analyzed. Cell viability in the IVD was assessed using lactate dehydrogenase and ethidium homodimer-1 staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and collagen type II in the IVD tissue. Etanercept and Tofacitinib downregulated the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), and MMP3 in the nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue and IL-1β, MMP3, Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and Nerve growth factor (NGF) in the annulus fibrosus (AF) tissue. Furthermore, Etanercept significantly reduced the IL-1β positively stained cells in the outer AF and NP regions. Tofacitinib significantly reduced IL-1β and IL-8 positively stained cells in the inner AF region. Both, Etanercept and Tofacitinib reduced the GAG loss to the level under physiological culture condition. Etanercept and Tofacitinib are able to neutralize the proinflammatory and catabolic environment in the IDD organ culture model. However, combined anti-inflammatory and anabolic treatment may be required to constrain accelerated IDD and relieving inflammation-induced back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yannik Gehlen
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Heizmann
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - R Geoff Richards
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Kubosch
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Südkamp
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kaywan Izadpanah
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva Johanna Kubosch
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Lang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Du J, Long R, Nakai T, Sakai D, Benneker L, Zhou G, Li B, Eglin D, Iatridis J, Alini M, Grad S, Li Z. Functional cell phenotype induction with TGF-β1 and collagen-polyurethane scaffold for annulus fibrosus rupture repair. Eur Cell Mater 2020; 39:1-17. [PMID: 31899537 PMCID: PMC7027376 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v039a01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate cell sources, bioactive factors and biomaterials for generation of functional and integrated annulus fibrosus (AF) tissue analogues are still an unmet need. In the present study, the AF cell markers, collagen type I, cluster of differentiation 146 (CD146), mohawk (MKX) and smooth muscle protein 22α (SM22α) were found to be suitable indicators of functional AF cell induction. In vitro 2D culture of human AF cells showed that transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) upregulated the expression of the functional AF markers and increased cell contractility, indicating that TGF-β1-pre-treated AF cells were an appropriate cell source for AF tissue regeneration. Furthermore, a tissue engineered construct, composed of polyurethane (PU) scaffold with a TGF-β1-supplemented collagen type I hydrogel and human AF cells, was evaluated with in vitro 3D culture and ex vivo preclinical bioreactor-loaded organ culture models. The collagen type I hydrogel helped maintaining the AF functional phenotype. TGF-β1 supplement within the collagen I hydrogel further promoted cell proliferation and matrix production of AF cells within in vitro 3D culture. In the ex vivo IVD organ culture model with physiologically relevant mechanical loading, TGF-β1 supplement in the transplanted constructs induced the functional AF cell phenotype and enhanced collagen matrix synthesis. In conclusion, TGF-β1-containing collagen-PU constructs can induce the functional cell phenotype of human AF cells in vitro and in situ. This combined cellular, biomaterial and bioactive agent therapy has a great potential for AF tissue regeneration and rupture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Du
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - R.G. Long
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - T. Nakai
- Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - D. Sakai
- Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - L.M. Benneker
- Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - G. Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Health Sciences Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - B. Li
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - D. Eglin
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - J.C. Iatridis
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - M. Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - S. Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Z. Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland,Address for correspondence: Zhen Li, PhD, AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos Platz, Switzerland. Telephone number: +41 814142325
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Wang K, Donnarumma F, Herke SW, Dong C, Herke PF, Murray KK. RNA sampling from tissue sections using infrared laser ablation. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1063:91-98. [PMID: 30967191 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RNA was obtained from discrete locations of frozen rat brain tissue sections through infrared (IR) laser ablation using a 3-μm wavelength in transmission geometry. The ablated plume was captured in a microcentrifuge tube containing RNAse-free buffer and processed using a commercial RNA purification kit. RNA transfer efficiency and integrity were evaluated based on automated electrophoresis in microfluidic chips. Reproducible IR-laser ablation of intact RNA was demonstrated with purified RNA at laser fluences of 3-5 kJ/m2 (72 ± 12% transfer efficiency) and with tissue sections at a laser fluence of 13 kJ/m2 (79 ± 14% transfer efficiency); laser energies were attenuated ∼20% by the soda-lime glass slides used to support the samples. RNA integrity from tissue ablation was >90% of its original RIN value (∼7) and the purified RNA was sufficiently intact for conversion to cDNA and subsequent qPCR assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States
| | - Fabrizio Donnarumma
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States
| | - Scott W Herke
- Genomics Facility, College of Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States
| | - Patrick F Herke
- Genomics Facility, College of Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States
| | - Kermit K Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States.
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