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Cost-Effective Potentiometric Platforms Modified with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Based on Imprinted Receptors for Fluvoxamine Assessment. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030673. [PMID: 32192200 PMCID: PMC7183319 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, efficient and reliable analytical method was developed and used for the determination of the fluvoxamine drug (FLV) in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. The method is based on the cost-effective screen-printed platform for the potential transduction of the drug. Host-tailored molecular imprinting polymer (MIP) was integrated with the potentiometric platform as a recognition receptor, in which FLV, acrylamide (AAm), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and acetonitrile were used as a template, functional monomer, cross-linker, and solvent, respectively. MIP particles were dispersed in plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and the membrane was drop-casted on carbon screen-printed electrode. The MIP, in addition to non-imprinted polymers (NIP), was characterized and the binding experiment revealed high affinity and adsorption capacity of MIP towards FLV. The proposed sensor displayed near-Nernstian cationic slope of 55.0 ± 0.8 mV/decade (r2 = 0.999) with a low detection limit of 4.8 × 10−6 mol/L over a wide pH range (3.0–8.5). The electrochemical features of the proposed sensors including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronopotentiometry measurements (CP) in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a solid contact transducer were also investigated. The applications of the proposed sensor for the determination of FLV in different dosage forms with recovery values (98.8%–101.9%) and (97.4%–101.1%), respectively compared with the reference HPLC method with acceptedFandt-student tests values at the 95% confidence level.
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2
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Elashery SE, Attia NF, Omar M, Tayea HM. Cost-effective and green synthesized electroactive nanocomposite for high selective potentiometric determination of clomipramine hydrochloride. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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3
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Issa YM, Mohamed SH, Elfeky SAH. Solubilities and solubility products of clomipramine hydrochloride ion-associates with tetraphenylborate and silicotungstate. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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4
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Khalil MM, Issa YM, Mohamed AG. Construction and Performance Characterization of Ion-Selective Electrodes for Potentiometric Determination of Paroxetine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Biological Fluids. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Karageorgou E, Samanidou V. Youden test application in robustness assays during method validation. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1353:131-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Lisowska-Kuźmicz M, Kantor-Boruta M, Jończyk A, Jarończyk M, Ocios-Bębenek A, Mazurek AP, Chilmonczyk Z, Jarosz M. New validated HPLC methodology for the determination of (-)-trans-paroxetine and its enantiomer in pharmaceutical formulations with use of ovomucoid chiral stationary phase. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:3697-702. [PMID: 24408298 PMCID: PMC4026622 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new chromatographic method for the enantioseparation and the determination of (−)-trans-paroxetine and (+)-trans-paroxetine has been developed with the aid of amylose ovomucoid-based chiral stationary phase. The method is faster and five times more sensitive than procedures recommended previously: limit of detection and limit of quantification are 5 and 16 ng/mL, respectively [modified (Ferretti et al. in J Chromatogr B 710:157–164, 1998): 20 and 60 ng/mL]. It was carefully validated and applied for the determination of (−)-trans-paroxetine and (+)-trans-paroxetine in Parogen (Mc Dermott Laboratories Ltd.) and Xetanor (Actavis) coated tablets. ᅟ ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Jończyk
- National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska St, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Aleksander P. Mazurek
- National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska St, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Jarosz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego St, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Ravinder S, Bapuji AT, Mukkanti K, Reddy DC. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF OLANZAPINE AND FLUOXETINE IN HUMAN PLASMA BY LC-MS/MS AND ITS APPLICATION TO PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.723098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreedasyam Ravinder
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , APL-Research Center, Bachupally, Quthubullapur Mandal , Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , India
- b Institute of Science and Technology , JNT University, Kukatpally , Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Akula Thukaram Bapuji
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , APL-Research Center, Bachupally, Quthubullapur Mandal , Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Khagga Mukkanti
- b Institute of Science and Technology , JNT University, Kukatpally , Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Dendhi Chandrapal Reddy
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , APL-Research Center, Bachupally, Quthubullapur Mandal , Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , India
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Khan MN, Jan MR, Shah J, Lee SH. A validated silver-nanoparticle-enhanced chemiluminescence method for the determination of citalopram in pharmaceutical preparations and human plasma. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 29:266-74. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem Khan
- Department of Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
- Institute of Chemical Sciences; University of Peshawar; Pakistan
| | | | - Jasmin Shah
- Institute of Chemical Sciences; University of Peshawar; Pakistan
| | - Sang Hak Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
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9
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Khan MN, Shah J, Jan MR, Lee SH. A Validated Spectrofluorimetric Method for the Determination of Citalopram in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Preparations Based on the Measurement of the Silver Nanoparticles-Enhanced Fluorescence of Citalopram/Terbium Complexes. J Fluoresc 2012; 23:161-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-012-1129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Das R, Agrawal Y. Simultaneous Monitoring of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Human Urine, Plasma and Oral Fluid by Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:146-54. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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11
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Aranas AT, Guidote AM, Haddad PR, Quirino JP. Sweeping–micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the simultaneous analysis of tricyclic antidepressant and β-blocker drugs in wastewater. Talanta 2011; 85:86-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Unceta N, Goicolea MA, Barrio RJ. Analytical procedures for the determination of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant citalopram and its metabolites. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:238-57. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Acedo-Valenzuela MI, Galeano-Díaz T, Rodríguez AS, Martínez RC, Álvarez JD. Development of a non-aqueous electrophoresis method for the simultaneous determination of tricyclic antidepressants in human serum. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1052-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Trefi S, Gilard V, Balayssac S, Malet-Martino M, Martino R. Quality assessment of fluoxetine and fluvoxamine pharmaceutical formulations purchased in different countries or via the Internet by 19F and 2D DOSY 1H NMR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 46:707-22. [PMID: 18206329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 11/18/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple and selective (19)F NMR method has been validated for the quantitation of fluoxetine (FLX) and fluvoxamine (FLV) in methanol solutions and in human plasma and urine. The regression equations for FLX and FLV showed a good linearity in the range of 1.4-620 microg mL(-1) (3.3 x 10(-6)-1.8 x 10(-3) mol L(-1)) with a limit of detection of approximately 0.5 microg mL(-1) (1.3 x 10(-6) mol L(-1)) and a limit of quantification of approximately 2 microg mL(-1) (4.6 x 10(-6) mol L(-1)). The precision of the assay depends on the concentrations and is comprised between 1.5 and 9.5% for a range of concentrations between 1.2 x 10(-3) and 3.2 x 10(-6) mol L(-1). The accuracy evaluated through recovery studies ranged from approximately 96 to 103% in methanol solutions and in urine, and from approximately 93 to 104% in plasma, with standard deviations <7.5%. The low sensitivity of the method precludes its use for the assay of these antidepressants in biofluids at least at therapeutic doses as the ranges of FLX and FLV plasma levels are 0.15-0.5 microg mL(-1) and 0.15-0.25 microg mL(-1), respectively. The method was applied successfully to the determination of FLX and FLV contents in pharmaceutical samples (brand-named and generic) purchased in several countries or via the Internet. All the commercial formulations contain the active ingredient in the range 94-103% of stated concentration. A "signature" of the formulations (solid and liquid) was obtained with 2D Diffusion-Ordered SpectroscopY (DOSY) (1)H NMR which allowed the characterisation of the active ingredient and excipients present in the formulations studied. Finally, the DOSY separation of FLX and FLV whose molecular weights are very close was obtained by using beta-cyclodextrin as host-guest complexing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Trefi
- Groupe de RMN Biomédicale, Laboratoire SPCMIB (UMR CNRS 5068), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
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15
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Lu CC, Jong YJ, Ferrance J, Ko WK, Wu SM. On-line sample stacking and short-end injection CE for the determination of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in plasma: Method development and validation using experimental designs. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3290-5. [PMID: 17696212 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A short-end injection CE method combining field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) is presented for the analysis of fluoxetine (FL) and norfluoxetine in plasma. In this study, FASS enhanced the sensitivity about 1100-fold, while short-end injection reduced the analysis time to less than 4 min. Parameters involved in the separations were investigated using a central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology to optimize the separation conditions in a total of only 32 runs. Samples injected into the capillary for 99.9 s at a voltage of -5 kV were stacked in a water plug (0.5 psi, 9 s). Baseline resolution of FL and its major metabolite was achieved using a BGE formulation consisting of phosphate-triethanolamine at low pH, and a separation voltage of -10 kV. Five percent methanol was added as organic modifier to enhance selectivity and resolution. The linear range was between 10 and 500 ng/mL (r >0.9946), covering the expected plasma therapeutic ranges. The LOD in plasma were 4 ng/mL (S/N = 3), a value comparable to that obtained using LC-MS, showing the success of the on-line stacking technique. Our method was also successfully validated in quantification and pharmacokinetic studies with three volunteer plasma samples and could be applied to pharmacogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chia Lu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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16
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Skibiński R, Misztal G. Determination of Citalopram in Tablets by HPLC, Densitometric HPTLC, and Videodensitometric HPTLC Methods. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200041345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Skibiński
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Medical University of Lublin , 6 Chodźki Str, 20‐093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Genowefa Misztal
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Medical University of Lublin , 6 Chodźki Str, 20‐093, Lublin, Poland
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17
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Menegola J, Steppe M, Schapoval EES. Dissolution test for citalopram in tablets and comparison of in vitro dissolution profiles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 67:524-30. [PMID: 17398084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A dissolution test for tablets containing 20 mg of citalopram was developed and validated using a reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method and this dissolution test was applied to compare dissolution profiles. The sink conditions, filters, stability of the drug and specificity on different dissolution media were tested to choose a discriminatory dissolution method which uses USP apparatus 1 with baskets rotating at 50 rpm, 900 ml of deaerated 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) as the dissolution medium. The quantitation method was also adapted and validated. The parameters of difference factor, similar factor, according to current FDA guidelines, and dissolution efficiency were employed to compare dissolution profiles. The dissolution test developed and validated was adequate for its purposes and could be applied for quality control of citalopram tablets, since there is no monograph to citalopram in tablets, this work can be used to help pharmocopoeias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Menegola
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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18
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Nouws HPA, Delerue-Matos C, Barros AA, Rodrigues JA. Electroanalytical determination of paroxetine in pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 42:341-6. [PMID: 16765014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2005] [Revised: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Electroanalytical methods based on square-wave adsorptive-stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV) and flow-injection analysis with SWAdSV detection (FIA-SWAdSV) were developed for the determination of paroxetine (PRX). The methods were based on the reduction of PRX at a mercury drop electrode at -1.55V versus Ag/AgCl, in a borate buffer of pH 8.8, and the possibility of accumulating the compound at the electrode surface. Because the presence of dissolved oxygen did not interfere significantly with the analysis, it was also possible to determine PRX using FIA-SWAdSV. This method enables analysis of up to 120 samples per hour at reduced costs. Both methods developed were validated and successfully applied to the quantification of PRX in pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri P A Nouws
- REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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19
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Şatana E, Uysal ÜD, Göğer N, Tunçel M. Capillary Electrophoretic Determination of Citalopram in Pharmaceutical Tablets and Serum. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Nouws HPA, Delerue‐Matos C, Barros AA. Electrochemical Determination of Citalopram by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry–Determination in Pharmaceutical Products. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600721712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Altria K, Marsh A, Sänger-van de Griend C. Capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of small-molecule pharmaceuticals. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2263-82. [PMID: 16786477 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the application of CE to the analysis of small-molecule pharmaceuticals. The areas of pharmaceutical analysis covered are enantiomer separation, the analysis of small molecules such as amino acids or drug counter-ions, pharmaceutical assay, determination of related substances and physicochemical measurements such as log P and pK(a) of compounds. The different electrophoretic modes available and their advantages for pharmaceutical analysis are described. Recent applications of CE for each subject area are tabulated with electrolyte details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Altria
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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Himmelsbach M, Buchberger W, Klampfl CW. Determination of antidepressants in surface and waste water samples by capillary electrophoresis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection after preconcentration using off-line solid-phase extraction. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:1220-6. [PMID: 16440399 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A method for the quantitative determination of seven major antidepressants in surface waters and sewage treatment plant effluents by CE using ESI-MS is presented. Calibration curves for the selected analytes were prepared in Milli-Q purified water and Danube river water extract covering a concentration range of at least one order of magnitude. LODs achieved were between 6 and 13 microg/L for Trazodone and 39 and 53 microg/L for Sertraline in the Milli-Q purified water and Danube river water matrix, respectively. For sample preparation eight different SPE materials were investigated. Best results were obtained for a resin based on hydrophilic divinylbenzene (recoveries from Milli-Q purified water 93-96%; from Danube river water 85-99%). Finally, a series of eight sewage treatment plant effluents were investigated with respect to their content in the selected antidepressants. Six of these samples were tested positive for antidepressants, in particular Venlafaxine, Citalopram and Trazodone in concentrations between 36 and 322 ng/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Himmelsbach
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
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Raza A. Development and Application of Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Citalopram Hydrobromide in Dosage Forms. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:432-4. [PMID: 16595940 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Study was carried out to develop two simple, fast, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (A and B) for the determination of citalopram hydrobromide in commercial tablet formulations. In method A, UV spectrophotometer determined the contents of citalopram hydrobromide in tablets at 240 nm in methanol solvent. The linear range was 5-40 microg ml-1 with molar absorptivity 1.4x10(4) l mol-1 cm-1. While the method B based on the reaction of citalopram base as n-electron donor with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone as pi-acceptors to give highly colored complex species that absorb maximally at 590 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration limit of 10-250 microg ml-1 with molar absorptivity 3.3x10(3) l mol-1 cm-1 for citalopram hydrobromide. The limits of detection and limit of quantification was calculated and found to be 5.2 microg ml-1 and 17.4 microg ml-1 respectively. The proposed methods were found to be rapid, accurate, precise and sensitive for the determination of citalopram hydrobromide in commercial tablet formulations with out interferences from common additives encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Raza
- Analytical Laboratory, Bio Fine Pharmaceuticals (Pvt.) Ltd., Multan, Pakistan.
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Alarfaj N, Razeq SA, Sultan M. Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Paroxetine Hydrochloride in Its Formulations and Human Plasma. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:564-6. [PMID: 16595967 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive spectrofluorimetric procedure for the determination of paroxetine-HCl in pharmaceutical formulations and human plasma has been described. The native fluorescence of the drug has been studied under different conditions. Maximum fluorescence intensity was obtained in methanol at 340 nm using 290 nm for excitation. Different surfactants showed negative effect on the fluorescence intensity of paroxetine-HCl. Regression analysis of Beer's plot showed good correlation (r=0.9999) between fluorescence intensity and concentration over the range of 0.05-0.40 microg ml-1 with lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.015 microg ml-1. The drug was successfully determined in its tablets with average % recovery of 98.00+/-0.99% which was in accordance with those given by a compendial method. The method was also applied to the determination of paroxetine-HCl in spiked human plasma with average recovery of 77.70+/-1.06%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Alarfaj
- Women Student-Medical Studies and Sciences Sections, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Himmelsbach M, Klampfl CW, Buchberger W. Development of an analytical method for the determination of antidepressants in water samples by capillary electrophoresis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:1735-41. [PMID: 16224968 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A method for the quantitative determination of major antidepressants in aqueous matrices by CE using ESI-MS is presented. Several aqueous, nonaquoeus, and mixed aqueous/organic solvent BGEs including inorganic and organic acids were investigated with respect to their suitability for the separation of the selected analytes. Finally, due to the necessity to employ MS detection if the developed method should be suitable also for environmental samples, only MS-compatible electrolytes were taken into account. Based on this fact optimum results were obtained with a system consisting of 1.5 M formic acid and 50 mM ammonium formate in ACN/water (85/15). Linear calibration plots could be obtained for all solutes over a concentration range of almost two orders of magnitude, and the LODs achieved were in the range of 3-6 microg/L for trazodone and 39-43 microg/L for sertraline with the TOF instrument and the single quadrupole instrument in the SIM mode, respectively. This fact allowed the assumption that the presented method can be regarded as suitable for the determination of antidepressants even in the trace amounts commonly present in environmental samples. Spiking of river water and sewage plant effluent extracts with the selected solutes showed that no interferences from the matrix usually found in such samples can be expected. Finally the quantitative determination of the seven antidepressants in environmental samples was used to benchmark the performance of CZE coupled to a single quadrupole MS and a TOF-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Himmelsbach
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
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Schaller D, Hilder EF, Haddad PR. Separation of antidepressants by capillary electrophoresis with in-line solid-phase extraction using a novel monolithic adsorbent. Anal Chim Acta 2005; 556:104-11. [PMID: 17723335 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2005] [Revised: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The separation of three selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with fully integrated solid-phase extraction (SPE) is described. Polymeric monolithic SPE modules were prepared in situ within a fused silica capillary from either butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate or 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate-co-butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate. Using a 1cm SPE module placed at the inlet of the capillary, a mixture of sertraline, fluoxetine and fluvoxamine was extracted from aqueous solution by applying a simple pressure rinse. Under pressure-driven conditions, efficient elution was possible from both SPE materials investigated using 50mM phosphate buffer, pH 3.5 in acetonitrile (20/80, v/v). Two different strategies were investigated for the efficient elution and subsequent CE separation. Injection of an aqueous sample plug directly into the non-aqueous elution/separation buffer was found to be unsuitable with poor elution profiles observed in the electrodriven mode. Alternatively, a sample plug equivalent to several capillary volumes could be injected by pressure followed by filling the capillary with the non-aqueous elution/separation buffer from the outlet end using a combination of pressure and electrodriven flow. Using a neutral monolith, efficient elution/separation was not possible due to an unstable electroosmotic flow (EOF), however, by adding the ionisable monomer, 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate to the SPE module to increase and stabilise the EOF, it was possible to achieve efficient elution from the SPE module, followed by baseline separation by CE using a 200 mM acetate buffer, pH 3.5 in acetonitrile (10/90, v/v). With enrichment factors of over 500 achieved for each of the analytes this demonstrates the potential of in-line SPE-CE for the sensitive analysis of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schaller
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia
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Salgado-Petinal C, Lamas JP, Garcia-Jares C, Llompart M, Cela R. Rapid screening of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors in urine samples using solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:1351-9. [PMID: 15986209 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Revised: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper a solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) method is proposed for a rapid analysis of some frequently prescribed selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI)-venlafaxine, fluvoxamine, mirtazapine, fluoxetine, citalopram, and sertraline-in urine samples. The SPME-based method enables simultaneous determination of the target SSRI after simple in-situ derivatization of some of the target compounds. Calibration curves in water and in urine were validated and statistically compared. This revealed the absence of matrix effect and, in consequence, the possibility of quantifying SSRI in urine samples by external water calibration. Intra-day and inter-day precision was satisfactory for all the target compounds (relative standard deviation, RSD, <14%) and the detection limits achieved were <0.4 ng mL(-1) urine. The time required for the SPME step and for GC analysis (30 min each) enables high throughput. The method was applied to real urine samples from different patients being treated with some of these pharmaceuticals. Some SSRI metabolites were also detected and tentatively identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Salgado-Petinal
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentario, Campus Sur, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Nouws HPA, Delerue-Matos C, Barros AA, Rodrigues JA, Santos-Silva A. Electroanalytical study of fluvoxamine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:1662-8. [PMID: 15983767 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Revised: 04/28/2005] [Accepted: 05/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluvoxamine (FVX) can be reduced at a mercury-drop electrode, with a maximum peak current intensity being obtained at a potential of -0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl, in an aqueous electrolyte solution of pH 2. The compound was determined in a pharmaceutical product and in spiked human serum by square-wave adsorptive-stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV) after accumulation at the electrode surface, under batch conditions. Because the presence of dissolved oxygen did not interfere significantly with the analysis, it was also possible to determine FVX in the pharmaceutical product by use of a flow-injection analysis (FIA) system with SWAdSV detection. The methods developed were validated and successfully applied to the quantification of FVX in a pharmaceutical product. Recoveries between 76 and 89% were obtained in serum analysis. The FIA-SWAdSV method enabled analysis of up to 120 samples per hour at reduced cost, implying the possibility of competing with the chromatographic methods usually used for this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri P A Nouws
- REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
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