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Kip Ç, Erkakan D, Gökaltun A, Çelebi B, Tuncel A. Synthesis of a reactive polymethacrylate capillary monolith and its use as a starting material for the preparation of a stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1396:86-97. [PMID: 25900740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate), poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) capillary monolith was proposed as a reactive starting material with tailoring flexibility for the preparation of monolithic stationary phases. The reactive capillary monolith was synthesized by free radical copolymerization of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA-Cl) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA). The mean pore size, the specific surface area and the permeability of poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monoliths were controlled by adjusting porogen/monomer volume ratio, porogen composition and polymerization temperature. The porogen/monomer volume ratio was found as the most effective factor controlling the porous properties of poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monolith. Triethanolamine (TEA-OH) functionalized polymethacrylate monoliths were prepared by using the reactive chloropropyl group of poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monolith via one-pot and simple post-functionalization process. Poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monolith reacted with TEA-OH was evaluated as a stationary phase in nano-hydrophilic interaction chromatography (nano-HILIC). Nucleotides, nucleosides and benzoic acid derivatives were satisfactorily separated with the plate heights up to 20μm. TEA-OH attached-poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monolith showed a reproducible and stable retention behaviour in nano-HILIC runs. However, a decrease in the column performance (i.e. an increase in the plate height) was observed with the increasing retention factor. Hence "retention-dependent column efficiency" behaviour was shown for HILIC mode using the chromatographic data collected with the polymer based monolith synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Kip
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Damla Erkakan
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Gökaltun
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Çelebi
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Tuncel
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Division of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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2
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Preparation and evaluation of a novel monolithic column containing double octadecyl chains for reverse-phase micro high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1345:174-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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3
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Separation of intact proteins by using polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane based hybrid monolithic capillary columns. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1317:138-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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4
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Xiong X, Yang Z, Li Y, Xiao L, Jiang L, Chen Y, Ma M, Chen B. Preparation of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-based perfluorinated monolithic column. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1304:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Aguiar VS, Bottoli CBG. Development and characterization of hydrophobic organic monolithic columns for use in capillary electrochromatography. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Koeck R, Bakry R, Tessadri R, Bonn GK. Monolithic poly(N-vinylcarbazole-co-1,4-divinylbenzene) capillary columns for the separation of biomolecules. Analyst 2013; 138:5089-98. [PMID: 23799449 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00377a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monolithic capillary columns were prepared by thermally initiated free radical copolymerization of N-vinylcarbazole (NVC) and 1,4-divinylbenzene (DVB) within the confines of 200 and 100 μm i.d. fused silica capillaries. The reaction was carried out under the influence of inert micro-(toluene) and macroporogen (1-decanol) and α,α'-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a free radical initiator. The material proved high mechanical stability applying water and acetonitrile as mobile phases. The morphological and porous properties were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen sorption (BET) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The homogeneity of the copolymerization process was confirmed by elemental analysis and monomer conversion measurements. The newly developed NVC/DVB monolithic supports showed high separation efficiency towards biomolecules, applying reversed-phase (RP) and ion-pair reversed-phase (IP-RP) separation modes, which is exemplified by the separations of peptides, proteins and oligonucleotides. Furthermore the maximum loading capacity was evaluated. The chromatographic performance under isocratic elution was determined in terms of theoretical plate number and plate height, where up to 41,000 plates per column and a minimum plate height value of 1.7 μm were achieved, applying oligonucleotide separations. In gradient elution mode, peak capacities of 96 and 127 were achieved within a gradient time window of 60 min for protein and oligonucleotide separations, respectively. The material proved to have high permeability, good repeatability of the fabrication process and high surface areas in the range of 120-160 m(2) g(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Koeck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Aqel A, ALOthman ZA, Yusuf K, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed AY, Alwarthan AA. Preparation and Evaluation of Benzyl Methacrylate Monoliths for Capillary Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:201-10. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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8
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Xiong X, Yang Z, Huang Y, Jiang L, Chen Y, Shen Y, Chen B. Organic-inorganic hybrid fluorous monolithic capillary column for selective solid-phase microextraction of perfluorinated persistent organic pollutants. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:923-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research; Ministry of Education; Hunan Normal University; Changsha; China
| | - Zihui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research; Ministry of Education; Hunan Normal University; Changsha; China
| | - Yongbin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research; Ministry of Education; Hunan Normal University; Changsha; China
| | - Linbo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research; Ministry of Education; Hunan Normal University; Changsha; China
| | - Yingzhuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research; Ministry of Education; Hunan Normal University; Changsha; China
| | - Yao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research; Ministry of Education; Hunan Normal University; Changsha; China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research; Ministry of Education; Hunan Normal University; Changsha; China
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Chen Z, Wang J, Chen D, Fan G, Wu Y. Sodium desoxycholate-assisted capillary electrochromatography with methacrylate ester-based monolithic column on fast separation and determination of coumarin analogs in Angelica dahurica extract. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2884-91. [PMID: 22930555 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive CEC method with methacrylate ester-based monolithic column has been developed for separation and determination of five coumarins (byakangelicin, oxypeucedanin hydrate, xanthotoxol, 5-hydroxy-8-methoxypsoralen and bergapten) in Angelica dahurica extract. Surfactant sodium desoxycholate (SDC) was introduced into the mobile phase as the pseudostationary to dynamically increase the selectivity of analytes instead of increasing the hydrophobicity of stationary phase. In addition, other factors, pH of phosphate buffer, ACN content and applied voltage, for instance, have also an obvious effect on the resolution but little on the retention time. Satisfactory separation of these five coumarins was achieved within 6 min under a 30:70 v/v ACN-buffer containing 20 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH(2) PO(4) ) and 0.25 mM SDC at pH 2.51. The RSDs of intraday and interday for relative peak areas were less than 3.0% and 4.7%, respectively; and the recoveries were between 87.5% and 95.0%. The LODs were lower than 0.15 μg/mL and the LOQs were lower than 0.30 μg/mL, respectively, while calibration curves showed a good linearity (r(2) > 0.9979). Finally, five target coumarins from the crude extracts of A. dahurica were separated, purified, and concentrated by D-101 macroporous resin, and were successfully separated and quantitatively determined within 6 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. cz04101103@ hotmail.com
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Preparation and evaluation of hydrophilic C18 monolithic sorbents for enhanced polar compound retention in liquid chromatography and solid phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8608-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Preparation and Evaluation of Long Chain Alkyl Methacrylate Monoliths for Capillary Chromatography. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Li Y, Tolley HD, Lee ML. Size-exclusion separation of proteins using a biocompatible polymeric monolithic capillary column with mesoporosity. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:8181-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Wu M, Wu R, Li R, Qin H, Dong J, Zhang Z, Zou H. Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane as a Cross-linker for Preparation of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Monolithic Columns. Anal Chem 2010; 82:5447-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1003147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minghuo Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ren’an Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruibing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongqiang Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenbin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanfa Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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A simple method for preparation of macroporous polydimethylsiloxane membrane for microfluidic chip-based isoelectric focusing applications. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 662:200-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Trojer L, Bisjak CP, Wieder W, Bonn GK. High capacity organic monoliths for the simultaneous application to biopolymer chromatography and the separation of small molecules. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6303-9. [PMID: 19632682 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A method for controlling the mesoporous structure of monolithic organic copolymers is presented by systematic variation in polymerisation time, employing poly(p-methylstyrene-co-1,2-(p-vinylphenyl)ethane) (MS/BVPE) as a representative styrene system. Decreasing the time of polymerisation introduces a considerable fraction of mesopores (up to 20% of the total pore volume), while keeping the support permeability reasonable high ( approximately 1.3x10(-14)m(2)). Monolith structures, prepared in such a manner, enable efficient (typically around 70,000plates/m) and fast separation of low-molecular-weight compounds, whereas their performance towards biopolymers is comparable to column supports, fabricated according to typically used protocols (polymerisation time >12h and thus monomer conversion >98%). The polymerisation time is hence a valuable tool to tailor the fraction of support flow-channels, macropores as well as mesopores, which is shown dramatically to influence the chromatographic separation characteristics of the respective column. This way, the preferred applicability of organic (styrene) monolithic copolymers can be extended to the separation of small molecules beyond biopolymer chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Trojer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 52a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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16
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Izaak TI, Vodyankina OV. Macroporous monolithic materials: synthesis, properties and application. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2009. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2009v078n01abeh003892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Wu R, Hu L, Wang F, Ye M, Zou H. Recent development of monolithic stationary phases with emphasis on microscale chromatographic separation. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:369-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Kubáň P, Hauser PC. High-performance liquid chromatography with contactless conductivity detection for the determination of peptides and proteins using a monolithic capillary column. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1176:185-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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19
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Wen Y, Feng YQ. Preparation and evaluation of hydroxylated poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic capillary for in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1160:90-8. [PMID: 17559862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2006] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A hydroxylated poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) (GMA-co-EDMA) monolithic capillary was prepared and investigated for in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The polymer monolith was synthesized by in-situ polymerization of GMA and EDMA in the presence of dodecanol and toluene as the mixed porogenic solvents. After polymerization, glycidyl groups were hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid to produce diol groups at the surface of the porous monolith. To investigate the extraction mechanism, several groups of model analytes (including neutral, acidic and basic) were selected to perform extractions. The resulting monolith showed high extraction selectivity towards polar compounds, which resulted from the enhancement of dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding interactions relative to hydrophobic interactions. The equilibrium extraction time profiles were also monitored for those model compounds to assess the extraction capacity of the monolithic capillary. Moreover, the hydroxylated poly(GMA-co-EDMA) monolithic capillary exhibited satisfactory reproducibility and stability. Finally, the in-tube SPME-HPLC method, based on the developed monolithic capillary as the extraction media, was successfully applied to the determination of five polar organic contaminants in lake water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Chambers SD, Glenn KM, Lucy CA. Developments in ion chromatography using monolithic columns. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:1628-45. [PMID: 17623445 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this review is on current status and on-going developments in ion chromatography (IC) using monolithic phases. The use and potential of both silica and polymeric monoliths in IC is discussed, with silica monoliths achieving efficiencies upwards of 10(5) plates/m for inorganic ions in a few minutes or less. Ion exchange capacity can be introduced onto the monolithic columns through the addition of ion interaction reagents to the eluent, coating of the monolith with ionic surfactants or polyelectrolyte latexes, and covalent bonding. The majority of the studies to date have used surfactant-coated columns, but the stability of surfactant coatings limits this approach. Applications of monolithic IC columns to the separation of inorganic anions and cations are tabulated. Finally, a discussion on the recent commercialization of monolithic IC columns and the use of monolithic phases for IC peripherals such as preconcentrator columns, microextractors and suppressors is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D Chambers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Altun Z, G. Blomberg L, Abdel‐Rehim M. Increasing Sample Preparation Throughput Using Monolithic Methacrylate Polymer as Packing Material for 96‐Tip Robotic Device. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070600674919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Altun
- a Department of Chemistry , Karlstad University , Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Lars G. Blomberg
- a Department of Chemistry , Karlstad University , Karlstad, Sweden
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Jiang Z, Smith NW, Ferguson PD, Taylor MR. Preparation and characterization of long alkyl chain methacrylate-based monolithic column for capillary chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:39-45. [PMID: 17049377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Revised: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the fabrication of long alkyl chain methacrylate monolithic materials for using as stationary phases in capillary liquid chromatography. Following deactivation of the capillary surface with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (gamma-MAPS), monoliths were formed by co-polymerisation of stearyl methacrylate (SMA) with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) in the presence of the initiator AIBN and a mixture of porogens including iso-amyl alcohol and 1,4-butanediol. The monoliths were prepared in 100 microm i.d. capillaries and the composition of the polymerisation mixtures were optimised in terms of the ratio of SMA/EDMA, the porogen composition and ratio of porogen to monomers. As the porogen weight fraction decreased, the microglobules became smaller and as expected, the total porosity decreased. In order to determine the usability of such materials, the column permeability K was measured by pumping water through the columns at different linear flow rates. Good results were obtained when these capillaries were used to separate mixtures of weak acids, neutral and basic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjin Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, King's College London, SE1 9NH, UK
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Abstract
Considerable effort has been invested in the development of integrated microfluidic devices for fast and highly efficient proteomic studies. Among various fabrication techniques for the preparation of analytical components (separation columns, reactors, extractors, valves, etc.) in integrated microchips, in situ fabrication of monolithic media is receiving increasing attention. This is mainly due to the ease and simplicity of preparation of monolithic media and the availability of various precursors and chemistries. In addition, UV-initiated photopolymerization technique enables the incorporation of multiple analytical components into specified parts of a single microchip using photomasks. This review summarizes preparation methods for monolithic media and their application as microfluidic analytical components in microchips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Won Ro
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Courtois J, Byström E, Irgum K. Novel monolithic materials using poly(ethylene glycol) as porogen for protein separation. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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