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Chen Z, Lin H, Wang F, Adade SYSS, Peng T, Chen Q. Discrimination of toxigenic and non-toxigenic Aspergillus flavus in wheat based on nanocomposite colorimetric sensor array. Food Chem 2024; 430:137048. [PMID: 37544158 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel method was developed for the early detection of wheat infected with Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) using a nanocomposite colorimetric sensors array (CSA). LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) on day seven, demonstrating mycotoxin variabilities in infected wheat. HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis detected 2-methylbutyral, a gas exclusively associated with toxigenic A. flavus. The CSA was modified using three nanoparticles of MOF and successfully used to detect the wheat infected with A. flavus. Discrimination of different types of infected wheat samples was achieved using the RGB difference map and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) model. Additionally, the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) model accurately predicted the presence of toxigenic A. flavus at various stages of infection. These findings highlight the promising capabilities of nanocomposite CSA for early-stage detection of A. flavus infection in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Hao Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
| | - Fuyun Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | | | - Tingting Peng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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2
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Jardim T, Domingues MRM, Alves E. An overview on lipids in nuts and oily fruits: oil content, lipid composition, health effects, lipidomic fingerprinting and new biotechnological applications of their by-products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-29. [PMID: 37178132 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2208666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tree nuts and oily fruits are used as a diet complement and are highly consumed worldwide. The production and consumption of these foods have been increasing, and an enormous global market value is forecasted for 2023. Besides their high nutritional value and lipid content, they provide health benefits to fat metabolism, heart, skin, and brain. The industrial by-products of these oily foods represent promising raw materials for many industries. However, the lipidomic analysis of nuts and oily fruits is still in its early stages. State-of-the-art analytical approaches for the lipid profiling and fingerprinting of nuts and oily fruits have been developed using high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry for the accurate identification and structural characterization at the molecular species level. It is expected to bring a new understanding of these everyday foods' nutritional and functional value. This review comprises the oil content and lipid composition of various nuts and oily fruits, particularly those mostly consumed worldwide and having recognized beneficial health effects, biological activities associated with the lipids from different oily foodstuffs, analytical methodologies to analyze lipids in nuts and oily fruits, and the potential biotechnological applications of their industrial by-products for a lipid-based commercial valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Jardim
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário M Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eliana Alves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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3
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Vrkoslav V, Horká P, Jindřich J, Buděšínský M, Cvačka J. Silver Ion High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Tool for Analyzing Cuticular Hydrocarbons. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093794. [PMID: 37175204 PMCID: PMC10179885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic hydrocarbons (HCs) are usually analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. However, analyzing long-chain HCs by GC is difficult because of their low volatility and the risk of decomposition at high temperatures. MALDI cannot distinguish between isomeric HCs. An alternative approach based on silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography (Ag-HPLC) is shown here. The separation of HC standards and cuticular HCs was accomplished using two ChromSpher Lipids columns connected in series. A gradient elution of the analytes was optimized using mobile phases prepared from hexane (or isooctane) and acetonitrile, 2-propanol, or toluene. HCs were detected by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). Good separation of the analytes according to the number of double bonds, cis/trans geometry, and position of double bonds was achieved. The retention times increased with the number of double bonds, and trans isomers eluted ahead of cis isomers. The mobile phase significantly affected the mass spectra of HCs. Depending on the mobile phase composition, deprotonated molecules, molecular ions, protonated molecules, and various solvent-related adducts of HCs were observed. The optimized Ag-HPLC/APCI-MS was applied for characterizing cuticular HCs from a flesh fly, Neobellieria bullata, and cockroach, Periplaneta americana. The method made it possible to detect a significantly higher number of HCs than previously reported for GC or MALDI-MS. Unsaturated HCs were frequently detected as isomers differing by double-bond position(s). Minor HCs with trans double bonds were found beside the prevailing cis isomers. Ag-HPLC/APCI-MS has great potential to become a new tool in chemical ecology for studying cuticular HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Horká
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Jindřich
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Lee J, Wang M, Zhao J, Ali Z, Hawwal MF, Khan IA. Chemical Characterization and Quality Assessment of Copaiba Oil-Resin Using GC/MS and SFC/MS. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1619. [PMID: 37111842 PMCID: PMC10144763 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the popularity of copaiba oil-resin has increased worldwide due to its medicinal value and wide applications in industry. Despite its popularity, the oil has not been standardized by industry or regulatory agencies. Product adulteration in order to maximize profits has become a problem. To address these issues, the current study describes the chemical and chemometric characterization of forty copaiba oil-resin samples by GC/MS. The results demonstrated, with the exception of commercial samples, that all sample groups contained six characteristic compounds (β-caryophyllene, α-copaene, trans-α-bergamotene, α-humulene, γ-muurolene, and β-bisabolene) in varying concentrations. Furthermore, compositional patterns were observed in individual groups which corresponded to sample origin. Within the commercial group, two samples did not contain or contained only one of the characteristic compounds. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinct groups which largely corresponded to sample origin. Moreover, commercial samples were detected by PCA as outliers, and formed a group far removed from the other samples. These samples were further subjected to analysis using a SFC/MS method. Product adulteration with soybean oil was clearly detected, with each individual triglyceride in soybean oil being unambiguously identified. By combining these analytical techniques, the overall quality of copaiba oil-resin can be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lee
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mohammed F. Hawwal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 4545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Deniz Şirinyıldız D, Yıldırım Vardin A, Yorulmaz A. The influence of microwave roasting on bioactive components and chemical parameters of cold pressed fig seed oil. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2023. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.1011212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The effect of microwave roasting process on the compositional parameters and bioactive contents of fig seed oil were investigated. Fig seeds were ground and roasted in a microwave oven at 350, 460 and 600 Watt for 5 and 10 minutes and the roasted seeds were processed to obtain oil. The results showed that peroxide, K232 and K270 values were adversely affected by roasting. Fig seed oil was a prosperous source of γ-tocopherol and significant losses were observed due to microwave pre-treatment. The major fatty acids in fig seed oil were linolenic, linoleic and oleic acids; whereas the major triacylglycerols were LnLO, LnLnL, LnLnLn and LnLnO, according to fatty acid profile. The most abundant sterol in the fig seed oil samples was β-sitosterol with 3235.90 to 3625.62 mg/kg, followed by Δ5- and Δ7-avenasterols. The principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchial clustering served to differentiate between intense and mild microwave-treated oils as well as the unroasted samples.
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6
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Hájek M, Hájek T, Kocián D, Frolich K, Peller A. Epoxidation of Methyl Esters as Valuable Biomolecules: Monitoring of Reaction. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062819. [PMID: 36985791 PMCID: PMC10053758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper is focused on the epoxidation of methyl esters prepared from oil crops with various profiles of higher fatty acids, especially unsaturated, which are mainly contained in the non-edible linseed and Camelina sativa oil (second generation). The novelty consists in the separation and identification of all products with oxirane ring formed through a reaction and in the determination of time course. Through the epoxidation, many intermediates and final products were formed, i.e., epoxides with different number and/or different position of oxirane rings in carbon chain. For the determination, three main methods (infrared spectroscopy, high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry) were applied. Only gas chromatography enables the separation of individual epoxides, which were identified on the base of the mass spectra, molecule ion and time course of products. The determination of intermediates enables: (i) control of the epoxidation process, (ii) determination of the mixture of epoxides in detail and so the calculation of selectivity of each product. Therefore, the epoxidation will be more environmentally friendly especially for advanced applications of non-edible oil crops containing high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hájek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hájek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - David Kocián
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Frolich
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - András Peller
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
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7
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Indelicato S, Di Stefano V, Avellone G, Piazzese D, Vazzana M, Mauro M, Arizza V, Bongiorno D. HPLC/HRMS and GC/MS for Triacylglycerols Characterization of Tuna Fish Oils Obtained from Green Extraction. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061193. [PMID: 36981119 PMCID: PMC10048091 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fish oil is one of the most common lipidic substances that is consumed as a dietary supplement. The high omega-3 fatty acid content in fish oil is responsible for its numerous health benefits. Fish species such as mackerel, herring, tuna, and salmon are particularly rich in these lipids, which contain two essential omega-3 fatty acids, known as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Objectives: Due to the scarcity of information in the literature, this study aimed to conduct a qualitative and quantitative characterization of triglycerides (TAGs) in crude tuna fish oil using HPLC/HRMS. Fatty acid (FA) determination was also performed using GC/MS. The tuna fish oils analyzed were produced using a green, low-temperature process from the remnants of fish production, avoiding the use of any extraction solvents. Results: The analyses led to the tentative identification and semi-quantitation of 81 TAGs. In silico saponification and comparison with fatty acid methyl ester results helped to confirm the identified TAGs and their quantities. The study found that the produced oil is rich in EPA, DHA, and erucic acid, while the negligible isomerization of fatty acids to trans-derivatives was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Indelicato
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Avellone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Piazzese
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DISTEM), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - David Bongiorno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09123891900
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8
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Wei H, Yang D, Mao J, Zhang Q, Cheng L, Yang X, Li P. Accurate quantification of TAGs to identify adulteration of edible oils by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112544. [PMID: 36869531 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Edible oils play important roles in biological functions, and triacylglycerols (TAGs) in edible oils are complex mixtures. This makes accurate TAGs quantitation quite difficult that bring economically motivated food adulteration. Herein, we demonstrated a strategy for accurate quantification of TAGs in edible oils, which could be applied in identification of olive oil adulteration. The results showed that the proposed strategy could significantly improve the accuracy of TAG content determination, reduce the relative error of fatty acids (FAs) content determination, and present a wider accurate quantitative range than that of gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Most important, this strategy coupled with principal component analysis could be used to identify adulteration of high-priced olive oil with cheaper soybean oils, rapeseed oils or camellia oils at a lower concentration of 2%. These findings indicated that the proposed strategy could be regarded as a potential method for edible oils quality and authenticity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailian Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jin Mao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianglong Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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9
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Detection of wheat toxigenic Aspergillus flavus based on nano-composite colorimetric sensing technology. Food Chem 2023; 405:134803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Fast Triacylglycerol Fingerprinting in Edible Oils by Subcritical Solvent Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has witnessed a resurge of interest in the last decade, motivated by substantial progress in hardware capabilities and the development of specifically tailored packing materials. Meanwhile, the technique has been transitioning to the use of mobile phases in which an organic co-solvent is mixed to carbon dioxide under subcritical conditions (subFC). The use of a mobile phase modifier will also affect the selectivity, and extend the range of SFC-amenable compounds, including lipids. In this research, a subFC method was developed for the separation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in edible oils of vegetable origin, namely borage, corn, hazelnut, olive, palm, peanut, and soybean oil. For all the samples investigated, elution of the TAG species was achieved within 8 min, the only exception being borage oil (14 min run), characterized by TAGs spanning in a wide range of partition number (PN 36–56), as constituted by fatty acids differing for alkyl chain lengths (CN 14–24), and degree of unsaturation (DB 0–9). The coupling to mass spectrometry (MS) detection allowed for the average parameters of fatty acid composition to be derived in the oil TAG constituents. A total of 121 TAGs were identified by subFC-MS, with reduced analysis time and solvent consumption (1.5 mL per analysis) compared to common chromatographic approaches. Key features of the method developed hereby are low toxicity, costs, and environmental impact. Notably, the achieved separations were conducted at room temperature, which is beneficial in terms of column life.
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Acute Oral Toxicity and Genotoxicity Test and Evaluation of Cinnamomum camphora Seed Kernel Oil. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020293. [PMID: 36673385 PMCID: PMC9857420 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel oil (CCSKO) is one of the important natural medium chain triglycerides (MCT) resources, with more than 95.00% of medium chain fatty acids found in the world, and has various physiological effects. However, CCSKO has not been generally recognized as a safe oil or new food resource yet. The acute oral toxicity test and a standard battery of genotoxicity tests (mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, Ames test, and in vitro mammalian cell TK gene mutation test) of CCSKO as a new edible plant oil were used in the study. The results of the acute oral toxicity test showed that CCSKO was preliminary non-toxic, with an LD50 value higher than 21.5 g/kg body weight. In the mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, there was no concentration-response relationship between the dose of CCSKO and micronucleus value in polychromatic erythrocytes compared to the negative control group. No genotoxicity was observed in the Ames test in the presence or absence of S9 at 5000 μg/mL. In vitro mammalian cell TK gene mutation test showed that CCSKO did not induce in vitro mammalian cell TK gene mutation in the presence or absence of S9 at 5000 μg/mL. These results indicated that CCSKO is a non-toxic natural medium-chain oil.
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12
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Gros Q, Wolniaczyk M, Duval J, West C, Horie S, Toyota Y, Funada Y, Lesellier E. Comparison of the triglyceride composition of vegetable samples with ultra-high efficiency / low-pressure supercritical fluid chromatography – mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry: an innovative one-run method for the comprehensive assessment of chocolate quality and authenticity. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6825-6840. [PMID: 35970969 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
To assess chocolate quality and authenticity comprehensively, a combination of various analytical procedures is involved, thereby making the process time-consuming and costly. Thus, we investigated the potential of ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-QTOF-MS) as an alternative to "classic" methods. By combining hexane and aqueous extracts from sequential extraction, a single 8-min analytical run enabled us (i) to determine cocoa butter equivalents (CBEs) and milk fat content based on the detection of selected triacylglycerols, (ii) to calculate dry non-fat cocoa solids based on determined theobromine and caffeine content, and (iii) to profile contained sugars. To obtain the most comprehensive information about sample composition, the MS method comprised a full MS scan for non-target screening and several time-scheduled targeted MS/MS functions ("parallel reaction monitoring") optimized according to the possible concentration ranges of the analytes. For 40 different chocolate samples, our results and those obtained by using standard methods (LC-UV for non-fat cocoa solids, and GC-FID for CBEs) were in good agreement. Compared to the conventional approach for chocolate quality and authenticity control, the presented SFC-MS method is a fast, cost-effective, and efficient alternative, and only samples suspicious for the presence of CBE should be referred to the standard GC-FID method for exact CBE quantification. In the study, also some challenges offered by SFC-MS have been addressed.
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Česla P, Hájek T, Urban J, Holčapek M. Liquid chromatography at the university of pardubice: a tribute to Professor Pavel Jandera. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3214-3231. [PMID: 35932491 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pavel Jandera was a world-leading analytical chemist who devoted his entire professional life to research in the field of high-performance liquid chromatography. During all his scientific career, he worked at the Department of Analytical Chemistry at the University of Pardubice, Czech Republic. His greatest contribution to the field of liquid chromatography was the introduction of a comprehensive theory of liquid chromatography with programmed elution conditions. He was also involved in the research of gradient elution techniques in preparative chromatography, modeling of retention and selectivity in various phase systems, preparation of organic monolithic microcolumns and, last but not least, in the development of theory and practical applications of two-dimensional liquid chromatography, mainly in the comprehensive form. In this review article, we have tried to capture the highlights of his scientific career and provide the readers with a detailed overview of Pavel Jandera's contribution to the evolution of separation sciences. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Česla
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, CZ-53210, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hájek
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, CZ-53210, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Urban
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-62500, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holčapek
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, CZ-53210, Czech Republic
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15
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Bouza M, García-Martínez J, Gilbert-López B, Moreno-González D, Rocío-Bautista P, Parras-Guijarro D, Sánchez-Vizcaino A, Brandt S, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A, Franzke J. Liquid Chromatography-Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the analysis of neutral lipids of archaeological interest. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3105-3114. [PMID: 35801641 PMCID: PMC9544991 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharge ionization has gained attention in the last few years due to its versatility and the vast array of molecules that can be ionized. In this study, we report on the assessment of liquid chromatography coupled to dielectric barrier discharge ionization with mass spectrometry for neutral lipid analysis. A set of different neutral lipid subclasses (triacylglycerides, diacylglycerides, and sterols) were selected for the study. The main species detected from our ionization source were [M‐H2O+H]+, [M+H]+ or [M‐R‐H2O+H]+, attributed to sterol dehydration, protonation or the fragmentation of an acyl chain accompanied by a water loss of the glycerolipids, respectively. In terms of sensitivity, the dielectric barrier discharge displayed overall improved abundances and comparable or better limits of quantitation than atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for both acylglycerols and sterols. As a case study, different archaeological samples with variable content in neutral lipids, particularly triacylglycerides, were studied. The identification was carried out by combining accurate mass and the tentative formula associated with the exact mass, retention time matching with standards, and additional structural information from in‐source fragmentation. The high degree of unsaturation and the presence of sterols revealed the potential vegetal origin of the material stored in the analyzed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Bouza
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, 23071, Spain
| | - Julio García-Martínez
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, 23071, Spain
| | - Bienvenida Gilbert-López
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, 23071, Spain.,University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, 23071, Spain
| | - David Moreno-González
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, 23071, Spain
| | - Priscilla Rocío-Bautista
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, 23071, Spain
| | - David Parras-Guijarro
- University Research Institute for Iberian Archaeology, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, 23071, Spain
| | - Alberto Sánchez-Vizcaino
- University Research Institute for Iberian Archaeology, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, 23071, Spain
| | - Sebastian Brandt
- ISAS-Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Juan F García-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, 23071, Spain.,University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, 23071, Spain.,University Research Institute for Iberian Archaeology, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, 23071, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina-Díaz
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, 23071, Spain.,University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, 23071, Spain
| | - Joachim Franzke
- ISAS-Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
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16
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Walnut (Juglans regia L.) oil chemical composition depending on variety, locality, extraction process and storage conditions: A comprehensive review. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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17
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Oteri M, Rigano F, Micalizzi G, Casale M, Malegori C, Dugo P, Mondello L. Comparison of lipid profile of Italian Extra Virgin Olive Oils by using rapid chromatographic approaches. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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18
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Holm HC, Fredricks HF, Bent SM, Lowenstein DP, Ossolinski JE, Becker KW, Johnson WM, Schrage K, Van Mooy BAS. Global ocean lipidomes show a universal relationship between temperature and lipid unsaturation. Science 2022; 376:1487-1491. [PMID: 35737766 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn7455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Global-scale surveys of plankton communities using "omics" techniques have revolutionized our understanding of the ocean. Lipidomics has demonstrated the potential to add further essential insights on ocean ecosystem function but has yet to be applied on a global scale. We analyzed 930 lipid samples across the global ocean using a uniform high-resolution accurate-mass mass spectrometry analytical workflow, revealing previously unknown characteristics of ocean planktonic lipidomes. Focusing on 10 molecularly diverse glycerolipid classes, we identified 1151 distinct lipid species, finding that fatty acid unsaturation (i.e., number of carbon-carbon double bonds) is fundamentally constrained by temperature. We predict substantial declines in the essential fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid over the next century, which are likely to have serious deleterious effects on economically critical fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C Holm
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Helen F Fredricks
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Shavonna M Bent
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel P Lowenstein
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Justin E Ossolinski
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Kevin W Becker
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Winifred M Johnson
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kharis Schrage
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Benjamin A S Van Mooy
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
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19
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Arena P, Rigano F, Guarnaccia P, Dugo P, Mondello L, Trovato E. Elucidation of the Lipid Composition of Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Products by Means of Gas Chromatography and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Detection. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103358. [PMID: 35630832 PMCID: PMC9145225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The growing demand in natural matrices that represent a source of dietary and nutraceutical molecules has led to an increasing interest in Cannabis sativa, considered to be a multipurpose, sustainable crop. Particularly, the considerable content in essential fatty acids (FAs) makes its derived-products useful food ingredients in the formulation of dietary supplements. In this research, the FA and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of hempseed oils and flours were investigated using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and flame ionization detection as well as liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS), respectively. Furthermore, a recently introduced linear retention index (LRI) approach in LC was successfully employed as a useful tool for the reliable identification of TAG species. A total of 30 FAs and 62 glycerolipids were positively identified in the investigated samples. Relative quantitative analyses confirmed linoleic acid as the most abundant component (50-55%). A favorable omega6/omega3 ratio was also measured in hemp-derived products, with the α-linolenic acid around 12-14%. Whereas, γ-linolenic acid was found to be higher than 1.70%. These results confirm the great value of Cannabis sativa as a source of valuable lipids, and the further improvement of the LRI system paves the way for the automatization of the identification process in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Arena
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (P.A.); (P.D.); (L.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (P.A.); (P.D.); (L.M.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paolo Guarnaccia
- Department of Agriculture, Food Science and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, 95127 Catania, Italy;
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (P.A.); (P.D.); (L.M.); (E.T.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (P.A.); (P.D.); (L.M.); (E.T.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Trovato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (P.A.); (P.D.); (L.M.); (E.T.)
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20
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Optimized Identification of Triacylglycerols in Milk by HPLC-HRMS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis work has developed an optimized workflow for the targeted analysis of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in milk by liquid chromatography coupled with a Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer. First, the effects of resolution (17,500; 35,000; 70,000; 140,000) and automatic gain control target (AGC, from 2×104, 2×105, 1×106, and 3×106) have been optimized with the goal to minimize the injection time, maximize the number of scans, and minimize the mass error. Then, the flow rate of the liquid chromatography system was also optimized by maximizing the number of theoretical plates. The resulting optimized parameters consisted of a flow rate of 200 μL/min, mass resolution of 35,000, and AGC target of 2×105. Such optimal conditions were applied for targeted TAG analysis of milk fat extracts. Up to 14 target triglycerides in milk fat were identified performing a data-dependent HPLC-HRMS-MS2 experiment (t-SIM-ddMS2). The findings reported here can be helpful for MS-based lipidomic workflows and targeted milk lipid analysis.
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21
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Gazlay W, Evans JJ. The impact of the complexing agent on the sensitivity of collision-induced dissociation spectra to fatty acid position for a set of XYZ-type triglycerides. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9226. [PMID: 34820920 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The development of an automated platform for the positional analysis of triglycerides (TAGs) based on electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) continues to be pursued. This work evaluates the positional sensitivities of the collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra of a representative set of XYZ triglycerides using sodium, lithium, and ammonium salts as complexing agents. METHODS A set of triglycerides were synthesized and analyzed via ESI-MS/MS using an ion trap mass spectrometer. Using three different complexing agents, the product ion spectra of the corresponding precursor ions for twelve XYZ TAGs were collected, where X, Y, and Z represent C16:0 , C18:1(c-9) , C18:2(cc-9,12) , and C20:4(cccc-5,8,11,14) fatty acid chains. These data were then used to prepare ternary plots for four positional isomer systems to evaluate the positional sensitivity differences among the three different complexing agents. RESULTS The positional sensitivities for each of the four positional isomer systems were robust for the sodium and lithium adducts. The CID data for the sodium and lithium TAGs demonstrated an unfavorable loss of the fatty acid in the center position and showed a higher sensitivity to fatty acid position, when compared with the CID data for ammonium adducts, especially for the arachidonic acid containing triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS The data shows that that the relative abundances of the DAG product ions for the XYZ-type TAGs when using sodium and lithium complexing agent adducts are sensitive to fatty acid position and are consistent for the diverse array of TAGs studied in this work. This suggests that using sodium or lithium as the complexing agent may be advantageous for the development of an automated platform for the positional analysis of complex TAG mixtures based on ESI-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Gazlay
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason J Evans
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Regio- and Stereospecific Analysis of Triacylglycerols—A Brief Overview of the Challenges and the Achievements. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The efforts to reveal, in detail, the molecular and intramolecular structures of one of the main lipid classes, namely, triacyl-sn-glycerols, which are now known to affect their specific and important role in all living organisms, are briefly overviewed. Some milestones of significance in the gradual but continuous development and improvement of the analytical methodology to identify the triacylglycerol regio- and stereoisomers in complex lipid samples are traced throughout the years: the use of chromatography based on different separation principles; the improvements in the chromatographic technique; the development and use of different detection techniques; the attempts to simplify and automatize the analysis without losing the accuracy of identification. The spectacular recent achievements of two- and multidimensional methods used as tools in lipidomics are presented.
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23
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KITAZAWA K, YAMAGUCHI K. Rapid Forensic Identification of Vegetable Oils and Blended Oils by Waveform Pattern Analysis of Triacylgrycerols Using LC-MS/Evaporative Light Scattering Detector. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2021. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.70.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya KITAZAWA
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department
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24
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Causevic A, Olofsson K, Adlercreutz P, Grey C. Non-aqueous reversed phase liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection for quantitative lipid analysis with improved accuracy. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462374. [PMID: 34246965 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a great need for efficient analysis of the composition of vegetable oils and fats, since it affects the physical and technical properties. However, due to the complex nature of these kind of samples, it is often difficult and costly. In the present study, we developed a Non-Aqueous Reversed-Phase HPLC method that can be used to separate and quantify different free fatty acids, fatty acid esters, monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides and triacylglycerides, including regioisomers such as SOS/SSO and 1,2- and 1,3-diolein. Two 25 cm Nucleodur C18 Isis columns in series, sub-ambient column temperature and a mobile phase gradient composed of acetonitrile, acetic acid, isopropanol and heptane were used for the separation. The lipids were detected and quantified using a charged aerosol detector and it was found that the peak shape highly affected the detector response as well as the response uniformity, even when inverse gradient compensation was employed. Thus, calibration and determination of response factors were necessary for reliable quantification. A correlation between response factors and peak width at half peak height was found and used for quantification of non-calibrated components. A quantification approach was suggested including an appropriate selection of calibrated components, depending on sample composition and the accuracy required. It was shown in a complex oil sample that the reduced calibration approach, using only 6 instead of 33 calibrated components, resulted in virtually the same composition, but yielded a more accurate result compared to using relative area that neglects response factors. The method validation showed good reproducibility and accuracy, making it an excellent tool for extensive analysis of complex lipid mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Causevic
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Division of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; AAK AB, Skrivaregatan 9, 215 32 Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | - Patrick Adlercreutz
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Division of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl Grey
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Division of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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25
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Pattern-Type Separation of Triacylglycerols by Silver Thiolate×Non-Aqueous Reversed Phase Comprehensive Liquid Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8060088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs), as the main components of edible oils and animal fats, are responsible for the nutritional value, organoleptic features and technological properties of foods; each lipid matrix shows a unique TAG profile which can serve as fingerprint to ensure the quality and authenticity of food products. The high complexity of many foodstuffs often makes untargeted elucidation of TAG components a challenging task; thus, more efficient separation techniques may be mandatory. In this research, the TAG profile of a borage (Borago officinalis) seed oil was obtained by two-dimensional comprehensive liquid chromatography (LC×LC), by the coupling of silver thiolate and octadecylsilica monodisperse materials. A total 94 TAG compounds were identified by ion trap-time of flight detection, using atmospheric pressure ionization, with the degree of unsaturation varying from 0 to 9, and partition values ranging from 36 to 56. The group-type separation afforded by this analytical approach may be useful to quickly fingerprint TAG components of oil samples.
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26
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Ouzir M, Bernoussi SE, Tabyaoui M, Taghzouti K. Almond oil: A comprehensive review of chemical composition, extraction methods, preservation conditions, potential health benefits, and safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3344-3387. [PMID: 34056853 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Almond oil, a rich source of macronutrients and micronutrients, is extracted for food flavorings and the cosmetics industry. In recent years, the need for high-quality and high-quantity production of almond oil for human consumption has been increased. The present review examines the chemical composition of almond oil, storage conditions, and clinical evidence supporting the health benefits of almond oil. From the reviewed studies, it appears that almond oil contains a significant proportion of poly and monounsaturated fatty acids, with oleic acid as the main compound, and an important amount of tocopherol and phytosterol content. Some variations in almond oil composition can be found depending on the kernel's origin and the extraction system used. Some new technologies such as ultrasonic-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, subcritical fluid extraction, and salt-assisted aqueous extraction have emerged as the most promising extraction techniques that allow eco-friendly and effective recovery of almond oil. This safe oil was reported by several clinical studies to have potential roles in cardiovascular risk management, glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress reduction, neuroprotection, and many dermatologic and cosmetic applications. However, the anticarcinogenic and fertility benefits of almond oil have yet to be experimentally verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Ouzir
- Group of Research in Physiology and Physiopathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.,Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, ISPITS Beni Mellal, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Sara El Bernoussi
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment (LMNE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Tabyaoui
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment (LMNE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Taghzouti
- Group of Research in Physiology and Physiopathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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27
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Analysis of mono-, di-, triacylglycerols, and fatty acids in food emulsifiers by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMono- and diacylglycerols (MG/DG) of fatty acids (FA), known as emulsifiers of the type E 471, are food additives used to adjust techno-functional properties of various foodstuffs. These emulsifiers, however, are not defined single compounds but comprise, in addition to MG and DG, other constituents such as FA, triacylglycerols (TG), and glycerol. Although the emulsifiers’ compositions affect techno-functional properties of the food, knowledge of the composition is scarcely available, and the emulsifiers and their dosage are generally chosen empirically. Thus, a simple and rather inexpensive method for the simultaneous determination of FA, 1-MG, 2-MG, 1,2-DG, 1,3-DG, and TG by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry including a straightforward quantitation strategy has been developed. Reversed-phase chromatography with gradient elution offered adequate separation of 29 considered analytes within 21 peaks, while mass-selective detection provided their unequivocal identification. The quantitation strategy based on calibration just with the C16:0 representatives of each lipid class and a corresponding response factor system has proven to provide reliable results. The determined concentrations of different mixtures comprising varying compositions and concentrations of C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1 components of each lipid class deviated < 20% (n = 351) from the respective target concentrations. Limits of decision were determined to 0.3–0.8 mg/L and limits of quantitation to 0.8–1.7 mg/L, expressed as C16:0 representatives. Application of the method to various E 471 emulsifiers provided detailed data on their chemical compositions, and calculated FA compositions matched very well those determined by common methods such as gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.
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28
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de Castro Reis LV, Leão KM, Speranza P, Ribeiro APB, Macedo GA, Macedo JA. Evaluation of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Produced with Interesterified Buriti Oil. Food Technol Biotechnol 2020; 58:284-295. [PMID: 33281484 PMCID: PMC7709454 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.58.03.20.6195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background Extracted from the pulp of an Amazonian fruit, buriti oil is rich in micronutrients with antioxidant properties and high biological value. The few studies available indicate that this oil could be used in a wide range of applications; however, there are no studies that work on the improvement in the characteristics of this oil for commercial application. The enzymatic interesterification is one of the tools available to improve the properties of oils and fats and our recent studies have demonstrated that the lipase could specifically act on buriti oil to produce structured lipids rich in oleic acid, while preserving most of the minor compounds present in this oil. Still looking for ways to expand the applicability of this raw oil, in this work, we are interested in studying the behaviour of this structured oil in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). Experimental approach The NLCs were produced with interesterified buriti oil and the stability, droplet size, electrical charge, microstructure, polymorphism and antioxidant activity of the samples were evaluated by ORAC and FRAP methods. Results and conclusions The results showed that the interesterification formed more unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs), and NLCs prepared with interesterified buriti oil had smaller droplets than NLCs with crude buriti oil. Particles remained stable throughout the storage period and NLCs exhibited complex polymorphism with the presence of three crystalline forms. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value was approx. 23% higher in nanolipid carries with structured lipids than in the nanolipid carriers with crude buriti oil, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value 16% higher, demonstrating the influence of interesterification on the antioxidant activity of nanocarriers. Thus, NLCs prepared with interesterified buriti oil had small droplets, high stability and antioxidant capacity, and have a potential for nutritional and biological applications. Novelty and scientific contribution This research showed that interesterification positively influenced the physicochemical properties of NLCs, producing the oil rich in oleic acid, high stability and antioxidant capacity. Therefore, it may be interesting to use these nanocarriers to obtain efficient carrier systems for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Viana de Castro Reis
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato St. 80, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Karina Magna Leão
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato St. 80, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Paula Speranza
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato St. 80, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Badan Ribeiro
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Department of Food Technology, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato St. 80, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Alves Macedo
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato St. 80, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alves Macedo
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato St. 80, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
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29
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Wei N, Wang M, Adams SJ, Yu P, Avula B, Wang YH, Pan K, Wang Y, Khan IA. Comparative study and quality evaluation regarding morphology characters, volatile constituents, and triglycerides in seeds of five species used in traditional Chinese medicine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 194:113801. [PMID: 33323300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Volatile compounds (VCs) and triglycerides (TGs) are the primary groups of constituents in the fruits of five well-known species used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), viz. Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. (AO), Alpinia katsumadai Hayata (AK), Amomum villosum Lour. (FAL), Amomum villosum Lour. var. xanthioides T. L. Wu et Senjen (FALX), and Amomum longiligulare T. L. Wu (FALO). The fruits of these species are morphologically similar and commonly used in both foods and TCM. Each species is purportedly endowed with different medicinal properties. Efficient and environmentally friendly methods are desirable for the quality control of these species. The current study attempted to establish both comprehensive profiles and quality standards for the five TCM species. External morphology characters were provided to distinguish 18 fruit samples belonging to the five species, which were collected from different geographical regions of China. The VCs of each sample were analyzed by SPME GC/Q-ToF. The identification of marker compounds from each species allowed for the differentiation of the fruits from the five plants. Characterization and quantification of 21 TGs were achieved using SFC/MS with an analysis time of less than 15 min. The complex TGs were unambiguously identified using the MS detection with correct attribution of the acyl group to the sn-2 position. Moreover, the quantification of TGs was improved by using reference standards whenever possible or a single standard strategy to determine multiple TGs. The validity of the proposed SFC/MS method was assessed by analyzing fatty acids from the hydrolysis and transesterification products of the same sample set using GC/MS. The quantification results from both TGs and fatty acids were consistent, and were further substantiated by chemometric analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study utilizing the morphology, VCs, and TGs for quality evaluation purpose of these five TCM species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wei
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA; School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Haikou, 571199, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University, MS, 38677, USA.
| | - Sebastian J Adams
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ping Yu
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA; School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Kun Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Haikou, 571199, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Haikou, 571199, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
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30
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Akil E, Pereira ADS, El-Bacha T, Amaral PF, Torres AG. Efficient production of bioactive structured lipids by fast acidolysis catalyzed by Yarrowia lipolytica lipase, free and immobilized in chitosan-alginate beads, in solvent-free medium. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:910-918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Synthesis and enantiospecific analysis of enantiostructured triacylglycerols containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 231:104937. [PMID: 32603657 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The stereospecific structure of triacylglycerols (TAGs) affects the bioavailability of fatty acids. Lack of enantiopure reference compounds and effective enantiospecific methods have hindered the stereospecific analysis of individual TAGs. Twelve novel enantiostructured AAB-type TAGs were synthesized containing one of the three n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid: α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in sn-1 or sn-3 position. These compounds formed six enantiomer pairs, which were separated with recycling high-performance liquid chromatography using chiral columns and UV detection. The chromatographic retention behavior of the enantiomers and the stereospecific elution order were studied. The enantiomer with an n-3 PUFA in the sn-1 position eluted faster than the enantiomer with the n-3 PUFA in the sn-3 position, regardless of the carbon chain length and number of double bonds of the PUFA. TAG enantiomers containing DHA exhibited highly different retention on the chiral column and were separated after the first column, whereas recycling was needed to separate the enantiomer pairs containing ALA or EPA. The system using two identical columns and one mobile phase, without sample derivatization, proved to be very effective also for peak purity assessment, confirming the enantiopurity of the synthesized structured TAGs being higher than 98 % (96 % ee).
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32
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Moreira DKT, de Pádua Gandra RL, Zuin JC, Ract JNR, Ribeiro APB, Macedo JA, Gambero A, Akil E, Torres AG, Macedo GA. Synthesis and characterization of structured lipid rich in behenic acid by enzymatic interesterification. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liu Z, Li C, Pryce J, Rochfort S. Comprehensive Characterization of Bovine Milk Lipids: Triglycerides. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:12573-12582. [PMID: 32548441 PMCID: PMC7271359 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive survey on triglycerides (TAGs) of bovine milk was conducted by a combination of exhaustive liquid chromatography (LC) separation, high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) detection, and automated lipid molecular feature extraction. A total of 220 groups (a series of species having the same chemical formula and mass) and 3454 molecular species of TAGs were identified based on the accurate mass of the parent ion as well as MS2 information. Sixty-five different fatty acids (FAs) were found across these TAG species; C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1 were the most frequent FAs, whereas C11:3, C11:4, C27:0, C27:1, C28:0, and C28:1 were rare FAs in TAG molecules. The number of species identified represents only a small portion of total TAG molecules that can be theoretically synthesized from 65 FAs. Each TAG group contains on average 15-16 isomeric species (species with different FA composition), but positional isomers do not seem to be widespread. As the isomeric species cannot be completely resolved chromatographically, quantification of TAG was conducted at the group level. The most abundant TAG groups in bovine milk include TAG 34:0, TAG 36:0, TAG 38:1, TAG 38:0, and TAG 40:1. This study provides the most comprehensive milk TAG inventory so far that can be used as a reference for studying milk lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Liu
- Agriculture
Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Cheng Li
- Agriculture
Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School
of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Jennie Pryce
- Agriculture
Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School
of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Simone Rochfort
- Agriculture
Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School
of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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Lange M, Fedorova M. Evaluation of lipid quantification accuracy using HILIC and RPLC MS on the example of NIST® SRM® 1950 metabolites in human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3573-3584. [PMID: 32240327 PMCID: PMC7220885 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Lipidomics analysis for large-scale studies aiming at the identification and quantification of natural lipidomes is often performed using LC-MS-based data acquisition. However, the choice of suitable LC-MS method for accurate lipid quantification remains a matter of debate. Here, we performed the systematic comparison between two HRAM-MS-based quantification workflows based on HILIC and RPLC MS by quantifying 191 lipids from five lipid classes in human blood plasma using deuterated standards in the "one ISTD-per-lipid class" approach. Lipid quantification was performed considering all necessary isotopic corrections, and obtained correction factors are illustrated. Concentrations of lipids in NIST® SRM® 1950 human blood plasma determined by the two methods were comparable for most of the studied lipid species except for highly unsaturated phosphatidylcholines (PC). A comparison of lipid concentrations to consensus values determined in a previously published multi-laboratory study illustrated possible "overestimation" of concentrations for these highly unsaturated lipids by HILIC MS. We evaluated the influence of lipid loading amounts as well as the difference between quantified lipid and internal standard concentrations on the HILIC MS quantification results. We conclude that both HILIC and RPLC HRAM-MS workflows can be equally used for accurate lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and sphingomyelin (SM) lipid quantification, despite significant differences in the concentration of highly unsaturated PC lipids which need to be addressed by establishing response factors to account for the differences in degree of lipid unsaturation. Graphical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Lange
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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35
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Vrkoslav V, Rumlová B, Strmeň T, Cvačka J. Temperature-programmed capillary high-performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry for analysis of fatty acid methyl esters. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2579-2588. [PMID: 32277790 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new capillary high-performance liquid chromatography method with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry was developed for the analysis of fatty acid methyl esters and long-chain alcohols. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a Zorbax SB-C18 HPLC column (0.3 × 150 mm, 3.5 μm) with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and formic acid and delivered isocratically at a flow rate of 10 μL/min. The column temperature was programmed simply, using a common column oven. Good reproducibility of the temperature profile and retention times were achieved. The temperature programming during the isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography run had a similar effect as a solvent gradient; it reduced retention times of later eluting analytes and improved their detection limits. Two atmospheric pressure chemical ionization sources of the mass spectrometry detector were compared: an enclosed conventional ion source and an in-house made ion source with a glass microchip nebulizer. The enclosed source provided better detectability of saturated fatty acid methyl esters and made it possible to determine the double bond positions using acetonitrile-related adducts, while the open chip-based source provided better analytical figures of merit for unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters. Temperature-programmed capillary high-performance liquid chromatography is a promising method for analyzing neutral lipids in lipidomics and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Rumlová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Timotej Strmeň
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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36
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Lieb VM, Kleiber C, Metwali EM, Kadasa NM, Almaghrabi OA, Steingass CB, Carle R. Fatty acids and triacylglycerols in the seed oils of Saudi Arabian date (
Phoenix dactylifera
L.) palms. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika M. Lieb
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis University of Hohenheim Garbenstrasse 25 70599 Stuttgart Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences Chair Food Biofunctionality University of Hohenheim Garbenstrasse 28 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Caroline Kleiber
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis University of Hohenheim Garbenstrasse 25 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Ehab M.R. Metwali
- Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Jeddah Jeddah 21959 Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif M.S. Kadasa
- Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Jeddah Jeddah 21959 Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A. Almaghrabi
- Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Jeddah Jeddah 21959 Saudi Arabia
| | - Christof B. Steingass
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis University of Hohenheim Garbenstrasse 25 70599 Stuttgart Germany
- Department of Beverage Research Chair Analysis and Technology of Plant‐based Foods Geisenheim University Von‐Lade‐Strasse 1 65366 Geisenheim Germany
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis University of Hohenheim Garbenstrasse 25 70599 Stuttgart Germany
- Biological Science Department Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80257 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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37
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Wang M, Yu P, Chittiboyina AG, Chen D, Zhao J, Avula B, Wang YH, Khan IA. Characterization, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) Oils. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061453. [PMID: 32213805 PMCID: PMC7145317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Avocado oil is prized for its high nutritional value due to the substantial amounts of triglycerides (TGs) and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) present. While avocado oil is traditionally extracted from mature fruit flesh, alternative sources such as avocado seed oil have recently increased in popularity. Unfortunately, sufficient evidence is not available to support the claimed health benefit and safe use of such oils. To address potential quality issues and identify possible adulteration, authenticated avocado oils extracted from the fruit peel, pulp and seed by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), as well as commercial avocado pulp and seed oils sold in US market were analyzed for TGs and FAs in the present study. Characterization and quantification of TGs were conducted using UHPLC/ESI-MS. Thirteen TGs containing saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in avocado oils were unambiguously identified. Compared to traditional analytical methods, which are based only on the relative areas of chromatographic peaks neglecting the differences in the relative response of individual TG, our method improved the quantification of TGs by using the reference standards whenever possible or the reference standards with the same equivalent carbon number (ECN). To verify the precision and accuracy of the UHPLC/ESI-MS method, the hydrolysis and transesterification products of avocado oil were analyzed for fatty acid methyl esters using a GC/MS method. The concentrations of individual FA were calculated, and the results agreed with the UHPLC/ESI-MS method. Although chemical profiles of avocado oils from pulp and peel are very similar, a significant difference was observed for the seed oil. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on TG and FA compositional data allowed correct identification of individual avocado oil and detection of possible adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (M.W.); (A.G.C.); (J.Z.); (B.A.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Amar G. Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (M.W.); (A.G.C.); (J.Z.); (B.A.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Dilu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (M.W.); (A.G.C.); (J.Z.); (B.A.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (M.W.); (A.G.C.); (J.Z.); (B.A.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (M.W.); (A.G.C.); (J.Z.); (B.A.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (M.W.); (A.G.C.); (J.Z.); (B.A.); (Y.-H.W.)
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-662-915-7821
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38
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Green HS, Li X, De Pra M, Lovejoy KS, Steiner F, Acworth IN, Wang SC. A rapid method for the detection of extra virgin olive oil adulteration using UHPLC-CAD profiling of triacylglycerols and PCA. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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39
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Coordinated transformation of the gut microbiome and lipidome of bowhead whales provides novel insights into digestion. ISME JOURNAL 2019; 14:688-701. [PMID: 31787747 PMCID: PMC7031289 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whale digestion plays an integral role in many ocean ecosystems. By digesting enormous quantities of lipid-rich prey, whales support their energy intensive lifestyle, but also excrete nutrients important to ocean biogeochemical cycles. Nevertheless, whale digestion is poorly understood. Gastrointestinal microorganisms play a significant role in vertebrate digestion, but few studies have examined them in whales. To investigate digestion of lipids, and the potential contribution of microbes to lipid digestion in whales, we characterized lipid composition (lipidomes) and bacterial communities (microbiotas) in 126 digesta samples collected throughout the gastrointestinal tracts of 38 bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) harvested by Alaskan Eskimos. Lipidomes and microbiotas were strongly correlated throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Lipidomes and microbiotas were most variable in the small intestine and most similar in the large intestine, where microbiota richness was greatest. Our results suggest digestion of wax esters, the primary lipids in B. mysticetus prey representing more than 80% of total dietary lipids, occurred in the mid- to distal small intestine and was correlated with specific microorganisms. Because wax esters are difficult to digest by other marine vertebrates and constitute a large reservoir of carbon in the ocean, our results further elucidate the essential roles that whales and their gastrointestinal microbiotas play in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients in high-latitude seas.
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40
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Microwave assisted high performance liquid chromatography for the separation of triacylglycerols in vegetable oils using an evaporative light scattering detector. Food Chem 2019; 300:125203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Golijan J, Milinčić DD, Petronijević R, Pešić MB, Barać MB, Sečanski M, Lekić S, Kostić AŽ. The fatty acid and triacylglycerol profiles of conventionally and organically produced grains of maize, spelt and buckwheat. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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42
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Wolrab D, Jirásko R, Chocholoušková M, Peterka O, Holčapek M. Oncolipidomics: Mass spectrometric quantitation of lipids in cancer research. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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43
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Haque Akanda MJ, M.R. N, F.S. A, Shaarani S, Mamat H, Lee JS, J. N, A.H. M, Selamat J, Khan F, Matanjun P, Islam Sarker MZ. Hard Fats Improve the Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Seed Fats for Applications in Confectionery Products. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1657443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Norazlina M.R.
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Azzatul F.S.
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Sharifudin Shaarani
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Hasmadi Mamat
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Jau Shya Lee
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Norliza J.
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Mansoor A.H.
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Firoz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Patracia Matanjun
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Md Zaidul Islam Sarker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University, Kuantan Campus, Kuantan, Malaysia
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44
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Frick AA, Weyermann C. An untargeted lipidomic approach for qualitative determination of latent fingermark glycerides using UPLC-IMS-QToF-MS E. Analyst 2019; 144:3590-3600. [PMID: 31065642 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00521h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
More detailed fundamental information is required about latent fingermark composition in order to better understand fingermark properties and their impact on detection efficiency, and the physical and chemical changes that occur with time following deposition. The composition of the glyceride fraction of latent fingermark lipids in particular is relatively under-investigated due in part to their high structural variability and the limitations of the analytical methods most frequently utilised to investigate fingermark composition. Here, we present an ultra performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-IMS-QToF-MSE) method to characterise glycerides in charged latent fingermarks using data-independent acquisition. Di- and triglycerides were identified in fingermark samples from a population of 10 donors, through a combination of in silico fragmentation and monitoring for fatty acid neutral losses. 23 diglycerides and 85 families of triglycerides were identified, with significant diversity in chain length and unsaturation. 21 of the most abundant triglyceride families were found to be common to most or all donors, presenting potential targets for further studies to monitor chemical and physical changes in latent fingermarks over time. Differences in relative peak intensities may be indicative of inter- and intra-donor variability. While this study represents a promising step to obtaining more in-depth information about fingermark composition, it also highlights the complex nature of these traces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Frick
- École des Sciences Criminelles, Université de Lausanne, Batochime, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Céline Weyermann
- École des Sciences Criminelles, Université de Lausanne, Batochime, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Gardner MS, Kuklenyik Z, Lehtikoski A, Carter KA, McWilliams LG, Kusovschi J, Bierbaum K, Jones JI, Rees J, Reis G, Pirkle JL, Barr JR. Development and application of a high throughput one-pot extraction protocol for quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis of phospholipids in serum and lipoprotein fractions in normolipidemic and dyslipidemic subjects. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1118-1119:137-147. [PMID: 31035135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Progress toward better diagnosis and treatment of lipid metabolism-related diseases requires high throughput approaches for multiplexed quantitative analysis of structurally diverse lipids, including phospholipids (PLs). This work demonstrates a simplified "one-pot" phospholipid extraction protocol, as an alternative to conventional liquid-liquid extraction. Performed in a 96-well format, the extraction was coupled with high throughput UPLC and multiplexed tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection, allowing non-targeted quantification of phosphatidylcholines (PC), sphingomyelins (SM), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), and phosphatidylinositols (PI). Using 50 μL aliquots of serum samples from 110 individuals, lipoproteins were fractionated by size, and analyzed for phospholipids and non-polar lipids including free cholesterol (FC), cholesteryl esters (CEs) and triglycerides (TGs). Analysis of serum samples with wide range of Total-TG levels showed significant differences in PL composition. The correlations of molar ratios in lipoprotein size fractions, SM/PL with FC/PL, PE/PL with TG/CE, and PE/PL with PI/PL, demonstrate the applicability of the method for quantitative composition analysis of high, low and very-low density lipoproteins (HDL, LDL and VLDL), and characterization of lipid metabolism related disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Gardner
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA, United States
| | - Zsuzsanna Kuklenyik
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA, United States
| | - Antony Lehtikoski
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA, United States
| | - Kayla A Carter
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA, United States
| | - Lisa G McWilliams
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer Kusovschi
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA, United States
| | - Kevin Bierbaum
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA, United States
| | - Jeffrey I Jones
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA, United States
| | - Jon Rees
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA, United States
| | - Gregory Reis
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA, United States
| | - James L Pirkle
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA, United States
| | - John R Barr
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA, United States.
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Kim HS, Moon BC, Yang S, Song JH, Mi Chun J, Kwon BI, Lee AY. Determination of fatty acids in the seeds of Lepidium apetalum Willdenow, Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl, and Draba nemorosa L. by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a charged aerosol detector. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1571509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Seon Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyu Yang
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Song
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Mi Chun
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-In Kwon
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Korea
| | - A Yeong Lee
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si, Republic of Korea
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Kılıç B, Özer CO. Potential use of interesterified palm kernel oil to replace animal fat in frankfurters. Meat Sci 2019; 148:206-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Carvalho AG, Silva KA, Silva LO, Costa AM, Akil E, Coelho MA, Torres AG. Jussara berry (Euterpe edulis M.) oil-in-water emulsions are highly stable: the role of natural antioxidants in the fruit oil. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:90-99. [PMID: 29797322 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antioxidants help prevent lipid oxidation, and therefore are critical to maintain sensory quality and chemical characteristics of edible oils. Jussara berry (Euterpe edulis M.) oil is a source of minor compounds with potential antioxidant activity. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of such compounds on the effectiveness to prevent or delay oxidation of oil present in oil-in-water emulsions, and how the emulsions' physical stability would be affected. RESULTS Jussara berry oil extracted by ethanol extraction, its stripped variations (partially stripped, highly stripped and highly stripped with added butylhydroxytoluene), and expeller-pressed oil were used to prepare oil-in-water emulsions. Jussara berry oils were analyzed before emulsions preparation to ensure their initial quality and composition, and oil-in-water emulsions were analyzed regarding their oxidative and physical stability. Ethanol extracted oil emulsion presented higher oxidative stability than highly stripped oil emulsion with added synthetic antioxidant butylahydroxytoluene (oxidative stability index 45% lower, after 60 days, and reached undetectable levels after 90 days). All emulsions remained physically stable for up to 120 days of storage. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that natural antioxidants in jussara berry oil protect emulsions from oxidation while keeping physical stability unchanged. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ga Carvalho
- Laboratory of Food Science and Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kelly A Silva
- BIOSE (Biological System Engineering), School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laís O Silva
- Laboratory of Food Science and Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Mm Costa
- Laboratory of Food Science and Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emília Akil
- Laboratory of Food Science and Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Az Coelho
- BIOSE (Biological System Engineering), School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratory of Food Science and Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Costa A, Silva L, Torres A. Chemical composition of commercial cold-pressed pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed oil from Turkey and Israel, and the use of bioactive compounds for samples’ origin preliminary discrimination. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Becker KW, Collins JR, Durham BP, Groussman RD, White AE, Fredricks HF, Ossolinski JE, Repeta DJ, Carini P, Armbrust EV, Van Mooy BAS. Daily changes in phytoplankton lipidomes reveal mechanisms of energy storage in the open ocean. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5179. [PMID: 30518752 PMCID: PMC6281602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunlight is the dominant control on phytoplankton biosynthetic activity, and darkness deprives them of their primary external energy source. Changes in the biochemical composition of phytoplankton communities over diel light cycles and attendant consequences for carbon and energy flux in environments remain poorly elucidated. Here we use lipidomic data from the North Pacific subtropical gyre to show that biosynthesis of energy-rich triacylglycerols (TAGs) by eukaryotic nanophytoplankton during the day and their subsequent consumption at night drives a large and previously uncharacterized daily carbon cycle. Diel oscillations in TAG concentration comprise 23 ± 11% of primary production by eukaryotic nanophytoplankton representing a global flux of about 2.4 Pg C yr−1. Metatranscriptomic analyses of genes required for TAG biosynthesis indicate that haptophytes and dinoflagellates are active members in TAG production. Estimates suggest that these organisms could contain as much as 40% more calories at sunset than at sunrise due to TAG production. Day-night cycles in the biochemical composition of phytoplankton remain poorly understood. Here, Becker et al. use lipidomic and transcriptomic data from the North Pacific subtropical gyre to describe a daily cycle of production and consumption of energy-rich lipids by eukaryotic phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Becker
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - James R Collins
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.,School of Oceanography and eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Bryndan P Durham
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ryan D Groussman
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Angelicque E White
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Helen F Fredricks
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Justin E Ossolinski
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Daniel J Repeta
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Paul Carini
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | | | - Benjamin A S Van Mooy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.
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