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Chen L, Zhang Z, Matsumoto C, Gao Y. High-Throughput Proteomics Enabled by a Fully Automated Dual-Trap and Dual-Column LC-MS. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9761-9766. [PMID: 38887087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
This Technical Note describes a dual-column liquid chromatography system coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for high-throughput bottom-up proteomic analysis. This system made full use of two 2-position 10-port valves and a binary pump with an integrated loading pump of a commercial LC instrument to provide successive operation of two parallel subsystems. Each subsystem consisted of a set of trap columns and an analytical column. A T-junction union was used to split the mobile phase from the loading pump into two parts. This allowed one set of columns to be washed and equilibrated, followed by the injection of the next sample, while the previous sample was eluting and being analyzed on the other set of columns, thereby greatly increasing the analysis throughput. This approach showed high reproducibility for the analysis of HeLa tryptic digests with average relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 1.75%, 6.90%, and 5.19% for the identification number of proteins, peptides, and peptide-spectrum matches (PSMs), respectively, across 10 consecutive runs. The capacity for peptide and protein identification, as well as proteome depth, of the dual-column LC system was comparable to a conventional single-column system. Due to its simple equipment requirements and set up process, this method should be highly accessible for other laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Cory Matsumoto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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Ovbude ST, Sharmeen S, Kyei I, Olupathage H, Jones J, Bell RJ, Powers R, Hage DS. Applications of chromatographic methods in metabolomics: A review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1239:124124. [PMID: 38640794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Chromatography is a robust and reliable separation method that can use various stationary phases to separate complex mixtures commonly seen in metabolomics. This review examines the types of chromatography and stationary phases that have been used in targeted or untargeted metabolomics with methods such as mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. General considerations for sample pretreatment and separations in metabolomics are considered, along with the various supports and separation formats for chromatography that have been used in such work. The types of liquid chromatography (LC) that have been most extensively used in metabolomics will be examined, such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography. In addition, other forms of LC that have been used in more limited applications for metabolomics (e.g., ion-exchange, size-exclusion, and affinity methods) will be discussed to illustrate how these techniques may be utilized for new and future research in this field. Multidimensional LC methods are also discussed, as well as the use of gas chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography in metabolomics. In addition, the roles of chromatography in NMR- vs. MS-based metabolomics are considered. Applications are given within the field of metabolomics for each type of chromatography, along with potential advantages or limitations of these separation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan T Ovbude
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Sadia Sharmeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Isaac Kyei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Harshana Olupathage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Jacob Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Richard J Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA; Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
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Lawlor K, Clausen J, Johnston A, Edge A, Wolff K, Castrignanò E, Couchman L. A review of analytical parameters in 'rapid' liquid chromatographic methods for bioanalysis: Can we do better? J Chromatogr A 2024; 1721:464803. [PMID: 38547680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Rapid bioanalysis is beneficial to many applications. However, how 'rapid' a method is, or could be, is often an unanswered question. In this statistical review, the authors have assessed multiple pre-analytical (i.e. sample preparation), and analytical method parameters specifically for liquid chromatography to assist researchers in developing and validating 'rapid' bioanalytical methods. We restricted the search to urine and plasma matrices only. Data were extracted from over 2,000 recent studies and evaluated to assess how these parameters affected the 'on-instrument' analysis time. In addition to methods using ultra-violet (UV) detection, there were a large number of mass spectrometric (MS) methods, allowing additional review of the differences between high- and low-resolution MS on analysis time. We observed that most (N = 922, 70 %) methods used 5 or 10 cm columns, and that whilst uptake of ultra-high performance (U)HPLC columns was good, the use of sub-5 cm columns and/or flow rates in excess of 1 mL/min was incredibly rare (N = 25, 3 %). The detector of choice for quantitative (U)HPLC-MS remains the triple quadrupole, although a number of groups report the use of high-resolution MS for such methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lawlor
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK; Analytical Services International, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - J Clausen
- Analytical Services International, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - A Johnston
- Analytical Services International, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - A Edge
- Avantor Sciences, The Markham Centre, Station Road, Theale, Reading, RG7 4PE
| | - K Wolff
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK; Drug Control Centre, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - E Castrignanò
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK; Drug Control Centre, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - L Couchman
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK; Analytical Services International, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
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Westerbeek E, Gelin P, Olthuis W, Eijkel J, De Malsche W. C-Term Reduction in 3 μm Open-Tubular High-Aspect-Ratio Channels in AC-EOF Vortex Chromatography Operation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4889-4895. [PMID: 36881563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The performance of liquid chromatography operation in open-tubular channels, the ideal chromatographic column format, is limited by slow mass transport between the mobile and stationary phase. We recently introduced a lateral mixing methodology ("vortex chromatography") to reduce Taylor-Aris dispersion by employing (small) AC-EOF (alternating current electroosmotic flow) fields oriented perpendicular to the conventionally applied, axially oriented pressure gradient, resulting in the reduction of the C-term by a factor of 3, studied in 40 × 20 μm2 (aspect ratio (AR) = 2) channels under unretained conditions. In the present contribution, a further increased performance gain for channel dimensions relevant for chromatographic applications is demonstrated. The impact of the applied voltage and salt concentration is studied for 3 × 20 and 5 × 20 μm2 channels in ARs of up to 6.7, revealing a C-term reduction potential of a factor of up to 5 for large molecules (dextran) under unretained conditions. The decrease in κaris in a 5 μm channel (reduction of 80%) was larger than the decrease in a 3 μm channel (reduction of 44%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Westerbeek
- μFlow group, Chemical Engineering Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Bios Group, Twente University, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Gelin
- μFlow group, Chemical Engineering Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wouter Olthuis
- Bios Group, Twente University, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Eijkel
- Bios Group, Twente University, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Wim De Malsche
- μFlow group, Chemical Engineering Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Zhang YY, Wang J, Li L, Wu CY, Chu CC, Guo HL, Li T, Chen F, Zhou L, Hu YH. A rapid and sensitive LC-ESI-MS/MS method for determining vincristine in micro-volumes of plasma for pediatric cancer patients. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1178-1187. [PMID: 36799360 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01787c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vincristine is a natural vinca alkaloid drug, which is widely used in pediatric cancer treatment with dose-dependent neurotoxicity. Thus far, little is known about the association between neurotoxicity and plasma vincristine concentration, which markedly varies among individuals. Routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can be seen as a reliable strategy to improve efficacy and reduce side effects. Therefore, a rapid, sensitive, and reproducible method is critical for the clinical implementation of TDM. In this study, micro-volume (50 μL) human plasma samples were prepared by a simple one-step protein precipitation method with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation of vincristine and its internal standard vincristine-d3 from background noise was achieved on a Kinetex C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with a gradient elution program at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min-1 in 4 min. The mass spectrometric detection was performed in electrospray ionization multiple reaction monitoring mode using the ion transitions of 825.4 → 765.1 for vincristine, and 828.2 → 768.2 for vincristine-d3, respectively. As a result, no matrix effect was observed. The lower limit of quantification was 0.5 ng mL-1 with a precision of 14.6% and an accuracy of 97.4%. The calibration curve was linear from 0.5 to 100 ng mL-1 (r2 > 0.99, n = 8). The intra- and inter-batch precision and accuracy, recovery, and stability of the new method were all within the acceptable criteria. The method was successfully applied to monitor the vincristine concentration for six pediatric cancer patients. Arguably, such proactive TDM of vincristine may be helpful to manage the treatment for these cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Li Li
- The Scientific Research Department, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chen-Chao Chu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong-Li Guo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Solid Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Solid Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Ya-Hui Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Kondra S, Pawar AKM, Bapuji AT, Shankar PDS. Development of a rapid and validated stability-indicating UPLC-PDA method for concurrent quantification of impurity profiling and an assay of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol sulfate in inhalation dosage form. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2023; 81:300-314. [PMID: 36126754 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the proposed work was to develop a rapid and new reverse phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-UPLC) method for the simultaneous quantification of related impurities of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol sulfate in the combined inhalation dosage form. Herein, the chromatographic separation was achieved on Acquity BEH C18 (100mm×2.1mm, 1.7μm) column by following gradient elution of solvent A as 2mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 0.025% of 1-pentane sulphonic acid sodium salt (pH 3.0 buffer) and solvent B as pH 3.0 buffer, acetonitrile and methanol in the ratio of (32:50:18, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3mL/min. The samples were detected and quantified at 220nm. To prove the stability-indicating potential of the method, forced degradation studies were performed using acidic, basic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions. After sufficient exposure, the resultant solutions were injected and found that all degradants and impurities formed during stress studies were well separated from each other and from the main peak compounds. The performance of the method was validated according to the present ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The method has good linearity (r≥0.999) and consistent recoveries were obtained with a range of 91.3-108.8% for all compounds. The % RSD obtained for the precision experiments was less than 5% and also there is a good sensitivity (LOQ≤0.5μg/mL) for all compounds. The intended method proved its applicability and that it can be beneficial to pharmaceutical industries for quick quantification of related impurities and assay in quality control department for analysis of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol sulfate inhalation dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kondra
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-3, Andhra Pradesh, India; Aurobindo Pharma Limited, Bachupally, R.R District, Hyderabad-90, India
| | - A K M Pawar
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-3, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - A T Bapuji
- Aurobindo Pharma Limited, Bachupally, R.R District, Hyderabad-90, India
| | - P D S Shankar
- Aurobindo Pharma Limited, Bachupally, R.R District, Hyderabad-90, India
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Battista N, Fanti F, Sergi M. LC-MS/MS Analysis of AEA and 2-AG. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2576:41-47. [PMID: 36152176 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2728-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
LC-MS/MS is a powerful analytical technique that provides unequivocal identification and reliable quantification of the analytes, using Selected Reaction Monitoring or Multi Reaction Monitoring acquisition mode.Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are the most abundant endocannabinoids (eCBs), which play a major role in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. Analysis of those compounds by means of LC-MS/MS allows the detection of very low concentrations in biological samples. Here, we describe how to determine AEA and 2-AG levels in tiny samples of tissues and plasma through LC-MS/MS, by using very quick and easy-to-perform extraction procedures, with reduced solvent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Battista
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Federico Fanti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Manuel Sergi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.
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Xia H, Dai Y, Zhao C, Zhang H, Shi Y, Lou H. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies for chemical analysis of Euodiae fructus: A review. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:5-29. [PMID: 36442477 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Euodiae fructus, also known as Evodiae fructus, is a popular Chinese herbal medicine derived from the dried, nearly ripe fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Juss.) T. G. Hartley. The main bioactive constituents of Euodiae fructus are alkaloids, limonoids, flavonoids, and anthraquinones. The contents of these compounds vary greatly between different plant species, geographic locations, and harvest times, which thus affect the therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVES We aimed to summarize the chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies applied for chemical analysis and quality evaluation of Euodiae fructus. Moreover, we aimed to emphasize the diverse soft ionization techniques and mass analyzers of LC-MS methods for assessment of Euodiae fructus. METHODOLOGY A literature study was carried out by retrieving articles published between January 1988 and December 2021 from well-known databases, including PubMed, ASC, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, J·STAGE, Thieme, Taylor & Francis, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, and CNKI. The chemical analysis methods were described in several categories in accordance with the used analytical techniques, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and counter-current chromatography (CCC). RESULTS This review systematically summarizes the achievements in chemical analysis and quality evaluation of Euodiae fructus published in over three decades, covering the various chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies applied for identification and quantification of phytochemical constituents. CONCLUSION The summary serves as an important basis for future phytochemical research and implementation of quality control methods in order to ensure the efficacy and safety of Euodiae fructus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Disciplines on Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of SATCM, the Key Unit for Research of Technique and Principle of Honey-Processing and Carbonizing of SATCM, Shandong Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Standard Research, Taishan Scholar-Distinguished Experts Position, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanpeng Dai
- Key Disciplines on Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of SATCM, the Key Unit for Research of Technique and Principle of Honey-Processing and Carbonizing of SATCM, Shandong Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Standard Research, Taishan Scholar-Distinguished Experts Position, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chengxin Zhao
- The People's Republic of China Taian Customs, Taian, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Key Disciplines on Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of SATCM, the Key Unit for Research of Technique and Principle of Honey-Processing and Carbonizing of SATCM, Shandong Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Standard Research, Taishan Scholar-Distinguished Experts Position, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Educational of Minister, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Mishra AK, Sudalaimuthuasari N, Hazzouri KM, Saeed EE, Shah I, Amiri KMA. Tapping into Plant-Microbiome Interactions through the Lens of Multi-Omics Techniques. Cells 2022; 11:3254. [PMID: 36291121 PMCID: PMC9600287 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the pivotal role of root exudates in the rhizosphere, especially the interactions between plants and microbes and between plants and plants. Root exudates determine soil nutrient mobilization, plant nutritional status, and the communication of plant roots with microbes. Root exudates contain diverse specialized signaling metabolites (primary and secondary). The spatial behavior of these metabolites around the root zone strongly influences rhizosphere microorganisms through an intimate compatible interaction, thereby regulating complex biological and ecological mechanisms. In this context, we reviewed the current understanding of the biological phenomenon of allelopathy, which is mediated by phytotoxic compounds (called allelochemicals) released by plants into the soil that affect the growth, survival, development, ecological infestation, and intensification of other plant species and microbes in natural communities or agricultural systems. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS), such as metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, have opened the possibility of better understanding the effects of secreted metabolites on the composition and activity of root-associated microbial communities. Nevertheless, understanding the role of secretory metabolites in microbiome manipulation can assist in designing next-generation microbial inoculants for targeted disease mitigation and improved plant growth using the synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) tool. Besides a discussion on different approaches, we highlighted the advantages of conjugation of metabolomic approaches with genetic design (metabolite-based genome-wide association studies) in dissecting metabolome diversity and understanding the genetic components of metabolite accumulation. Recent advances in the field of metabolomics have expedited comprehensive and rapid profiling and discovery of novel bioactive compounds in root exudates. In this context, we discussed the expanding array of metabolomics platforms for metabolome profiling and their integration with multivariate data analysis, which is crucial to explore the biosynthesis pathway, as well as the regulation of associated pathways at the gene, transcript, and protein levels, and finally their role in determining and shaping the rhizomicrobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Mishra
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naganeeswaran Sudalaimuthuasari
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled M. Hazzouri
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Esam Eldin Saeed
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iltaf Shah
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry), College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled M. A. Amiri
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Zhao YT, Dai HR, Li Y, Zhang YY, Guo HL, Ding XS, Hu YH, Chen F. Comparison of LC-MS/MS and EMIT methods for the precise determination of blood sirolimus in children with vascular anomalies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:925018. [PMID: 36147342 PMCID: PMC9486013 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.925018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirolimus (SRL) is a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor. The whole blood concentration of SRL is routinely monitored to tailor dosage and prevent toxicity. Currently, the enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) is often applied to perform therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of SRL, but the cross-reactivity with various metabolites is of great concern. A more specific method is required, such as liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). However, no study on the method comparison of the EMIT and LC-MS/MS for the measurement of whole blood SRL concentration in children with vascular anomalies has been reported. This study developed a simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for the determination of SRL. Meanwhile, consistency between LC-MS/MS and the EMIT was evaluated by linear regression and Bland–Altman analysis. Whole blood samples were deproteinized with methanol for erythrocyte lysis, and the resulting solution was injected into the LC-MS/MS system using the positive electrospray ionization mode. The multiple reaction monitoring transitions of m/z 931.7 → 864.6 and m/z 934.7 → 864.6 were used for SRL and SRL-d3 as the internal standards, respectively. The analytes were separated on a C18 column with a gradient mobile phase (0.1 mM formic acid and 0.05 mM ammonium acetate in methanol/ultrapure water). Blood samples collected from children with vascular anomalies undergoing SRL therapy were tested by EMIT and by LC-MS/MS. The linear range of LC-MS/MS was 0.500–50.0 ng/ml and that of the EMIT was 3.50–30.0 ng/ml. A significant positive correlation between the two assays was established with a regression equation described as [EMIT] = 1.281 × [LC−MS/MS] + 2.450 (r = 0.8361). Bland–Altman plots showed a mean concentration overestimation of 4.7 ng/ml [95% CI: (−3.1, 12.6)] and a positive bias of 63.1% [95% CI: (−36.1, 162.3)] generated by the EMIT more than that of by LC-MS/MS. In conclusion, the two methods were closely correlated, indicating that switching between the two methods is feasible. Considering the overestimation nature of the EMIT assay, switching from the EMIT to the LC-MS/MS method deserves close attention and necessary re-evaluation for the target therapeutic reference range, may be required when methods are switched within the same clinical laboratory or results are compared between different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Tao Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-Ran Dai
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Li Guo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan-Sheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Hui Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ya-Hui Hu, ; Feng Chen,
| | - Feng Chen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ya-Hui Hu, ; Feng Chen,
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Predicting skin permeability of pharmaceutical and cosmetic compounds using retention on octadecyl, cholesterol-bonded and immobilized artificial membrane columns. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Ali A, Alharthi S, Al-Shaalan NH, Santali EY. Development of Narrow-Bore C18 Column for Fast Separation of Peptides and Proteins in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132576. [PMID: 35808622 PMCID: PMC9268927 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Separation with high efficiency and good resolution is constantly in demand in the pharmaceutical industry. The fast and efficient separation of complex samples such as peptides and proteins is a challenging task. To achieve high efficiency with good resolution, chromatographers are moving towards small particles packed into narrow-bore columns. Silica monolith particles (sub-2 µm) were derivatized with chlorodimethyl octadecyl silane (C18) and packed into stainless steel columns (100 mm × 1.8 mm i.d) by a slurry-packing method. The developed columns were used for the separation of peptides and proteins. A separation efficiency (N) of 40,000 plates/column (400,000 plates/m) was achieved for the mixture of five peptides. Similarly, the fast separation of the peptides was carried out using a high flow rate, and the separation of the five peptides was achieved in one minute with high efficiency (N ≅ 240,000 plates/m). The limit of detection (DL) and the limit of quantification (QL) for each analyte were determined by developing a linear regression curve with relatively very low concentrations of the target compound. The average values of the QL for the peptide and proteins were 0.55 ng and 0.48 ng, respectively, using short C18 column (1.8 mm × 100 mm) UV (at 214 nm). The fast analysis of peptides and proteins with such high efficiency and good resolution has not been reported in the literature yet. Owing to high efficiency, these home-made columns could be used as an alternative to the expensive commercial columns for peptide and protein separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur 22062, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +92-3471214422
| | - Sarah Alharthi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nora Hamad Al-Shaalan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eman Y. Santali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
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SAKITA R, KISHI H, IIGUNI Y, KITAGAWA S, OHTANI H. Fundamental Study for Increasing Multiplicity of Frequency Division Multiplex HPLC-MS. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2022. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2022.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren SAKITA
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
| | - Hiroka KISHI
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
| | - Yoshinori IIGUNI
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
| | - Shinya KITAGAWA
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
| | - Hajime OHTANI
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
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14
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Approaches to Formaldehyde Measurement: From Liquid Biological Samples to Cells and Organisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126642. [PMID: 35743083 PMCID: PMC9224381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is the simplest aldehyde present both in the environment and in living organisms. FA is an extremely reactive compound capable of protein crosslinking and DNA damage. For a long time, FA was considered a “biochemical waste” and a by-product of normal cellular metabolism, but in recent decades the picture has changed. As a result, the need arose for novel instruments and approaches to monitor and measure not only environmental FA in water, cosmetics, and household products, but also in food, beverages and biological samples including cells and even organisms. Despite numerous protocols being developed for in vitro and in cellulo FA assessment, many of them have remained at the “proof-of-concept” stage. We analyze the suitability of different methods developed for non-biological objects, and present an overview of the recently developed approaches, including chemically-synthesized probes and genetically encoded FA-sensors for in cellulo and in vivo FA monitoring. We also discuss the prospects of classical methods such as chromatography and spectrophotometry, and how they have been adapted in response to the demand for precise, selective and highly sensitive evaluation of FA concentration fluctuations in biological samples. The main objectives of this review is to summarize data on the main approaches for FA content measurement in liquid biological samples, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of each method; to report the progress in development of novel molecules suitable for application in living systems; and, finally, to discuss genetically encoded FA-sensors based on existing natural biological FA-responsive elements.
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15
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Merciai F, Musella S, Sommella E, Bertamino A, D'Ursi AM, Campiglia P. Development and application of a fast ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-trapped ion mobility mass spectrometry method for untargeted lipidomics. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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A New LC-MS Method for Evaluating the Efficacy of Pesticide Residue Removal from Fruit Surfaces by Washing Agents. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern agriculture uses pesticides to improve the quality and quantity of crops. However, pesticide residues can remain on agricultural products, posing very serious risks to human health and life. It is recommended to wash fruits and vegetables before consumption. To assess the removal efficacy of pesticide residue, a sensitive and reliable method based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed and optimized for the simultaneous determination of four pesticide residues (acetamiprid, boscalid, pyraclostrobin, and pendimethalin). Isotope-labeled standards were used to validate the method in terms of recovery, linearity, matrix effects, precision, and sensitivity. The mean recovery values for both low-quality control (LQC) and high-quality control (HQC) transitions were in the range of 89–105%, and the intra-day precision was less than 13.7%. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.003 mg/kg and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The proposed method is suitable for evaluating the quality of detergents for removing pesticide residues from fruit surfaces.
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17
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Ouimet JA, Xu J, Flores‐Hansen C, Phillip WA, Boudouris BW. Design Considerations for Next‐Generation Polymer Sorbents: From Polymer Chemistry to Device Configurations. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Aubuchon Ouimet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46566 United States
| | - Jialing Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46566 United States
| | - Carsten Flores‐Hansen
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States
| | - William A. Phillip
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46566 United States
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States
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18
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Process Development for the Instant Quantification of Lycopene from Agricultural Produces Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (SFC-DAD). Foods 2022; 11:foods11040522. [PMID: 35205996 PMCID: PMC8871322 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A quick, simple, and reliable isocratic ultra-performance supercritical fluid chromatography-photodiode array detector (UPSFC-DAD) method was developed and validated to determine lycopene in different horticultural products. The effects of stationary phase, co-solvent, pressure, temperature, flow rate, and mobile phase additive on the separation of lycopene were evaluated. The developed method involved BEH-2EP—2.1 × 150 mm, 5 µm as the stationary phase, and CO2/MeOH 85:15 (v/v) with formic acid as the additive at 0.10% as the mobile phase. The column temperature was maintained at 45 °C, ABPR at 1800 psi, and the mobile phase’s flow rate was maintained at 1 mL/min. Under the optimized conditions, lycopene was successfully separated within 0.722 ± 0.001 min. The standard curve assayed over a range of 10 to 100 µg/mL resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.998. The mean recoveries between 97.38% and 102.67% at different spiking levels with RSD < 2.5% were achieved. The intra and inter-day precision expressed as relative standard deviations (RSD) were found to range from 1.27% to 3.28% and from 1.57% to 4.18%, respectively. Robustness in terms of retention time (tR) and RSD were found to be 0.93 ± 0.23 min and less <2.80%, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.14 µg/mL and 0.37 µg/mL, respectively. This method was successfully applied to determine lycopene extracted from papaya, grapefruit, and bitter melon.
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19
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Sharma KS, Sahoo J. Development and validation by statistical treatment of stability indicating RP-HPLC method for quantification of Orlistat in Orlistat-loaded solid dispersion. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Most of the analytical methods reported for the estimation of Orlistat were complex, expensive, and deficient in reproducibility with no or very less informative regarding various statistical methods and equations used for the validation purpose. This study provides a fast, accurate, descriptive, and precise isocratic reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method using Waters Spherisorb 5 μm Octadecyl-silica-2 (250 × 4.6 mm) column, for the estimation of Orlistat in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations with minimized drug extraction steps. The drug was detected in an analytical column with mobile phase comprising a mixture of methanol, acetonitrile, and 2% phosphoric acid in the ratio of 85:14:1 v/v/v at flow rate of 1 ml/min with elution monitoring at 215.0 nm.
Results
The retention time for Orlistat was found to be 5.9 min with sharp and proper peak. The linearity was covered over the concentration range of 1.00–10.00 μg/ml (r2 = 0.9997) with a limit of detection and limit of quantitation 0.06 and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively. The developed analytical technique was found to be validated for all the parameters within the acceptance criteria of ICH guidelines. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) recoveries of Orlistat were 99.87 ± 0.45.
Conclusion
The optimized method was well precise, accurate, sensitive, stability indicating, and tested with all statistical parameters. Thus, the method can be conveniently used in quality control and routine analysis of Orlistat containing solid dispersions and other formulations. The main advantage of the developed method was its high specificity for the estimation of Orlistat in presence of various degradation products resulting from stress conditions and formulation excipients.
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20
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Development of a Simple High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Based Method to Quantify Synergistic Compounds and Their Composition in Dried Leaf Extracts of Piper Sarmentosum Roxb. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8090152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing demand to enhance pharmaceutical and food safety using synergistic compounds from Piper sarmentosum Roxb., such as polyphenols and water-soluble vitamins. However, information on standardized analytical methods to identify and quantify these compounds of interest is limited. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD)-based method was developed to simultaneously detect and quantify the amounts of tannin, flavonoid, cinnamic acid, essential oil, and vitamins extracted from P. sarmentosum leaves using methanol, chloroform, and hexane. Commercially and non-commercially-cultivated P. sarmentosum leaves were subjected to seven different drying treatments (shade; sun; air oven at 40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C, and 100 °C; and freeze-drying) for three consecutive months. Most compounds were detected most efficiently at a detection wavelength of 272 nm. The developed method displayed good detection limits (LOD, 0.026–0.789 µg/mL; LOQ, 0.078–2.392 µg/mL), linearity (R2 > 0.999), precision (%RSD, <1.00), and excellent accuracy (96–102%). All P. sarmentosum leaf extracts were simultaneously tested and analytically compared without time-consuming fractionation. Methanolic plant extracts showed better peak area and retention time splits compared to chloroformic and hexanoic extracts. Differences in synergistic compound composition were dependent on the type of drying treatment but not on cultivation site and time of sampling. Flavonoid was identified as the dominant phytochemical component in P. sarmentosum leaves, followed by the essential oil, cinnamic acid, ascorbic acid, and tannin. Overall, we present a simple and reproducible chromatographic method that can be applied to identify different plant compounds.
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21
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The impact of decreased LC-MS/MS run times on small molecule bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:409-413. [PMID: 33719532 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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22
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Huang Y, Song Y, Chen F, Jiang Z, Che Z, Yang X, Chen X. Simultaneous determination of eight biogenic amines in the traditional Chinese condiment Pixian Douban using UHPLC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2021; 353:129423. [PMID: 33711706 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed to simultaneously determine eight biogenic amines (BAs) in Pixian Douban. Under optimal conditions, the linear ranges of determination were 5-1000 μg/L (that of spermine was 8-1000 μg/L). Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9955 to 0.9987. The limits of detection were 0.11-5.5 μg/L. The matrix effect and analytical performance of the present method were evaluated, and the eight BAs were analyzed by this method in 19 samples, indicating the potential pollution of BAs in chili oil Pixian Douban.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Processing, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal Processing, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China.
| | - Yaning Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Zhenju Jiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Academic Administration, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Zhenming Che
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Xianggui Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Processing, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal Processing, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China.
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Advancements in the preparation and application of monolithic silica columns for efficient separation in liquid chromatography. Talanta 2021; 224:121777. [PMID: 33379011 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fast and efficient separation remains a big challenge in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The need for higher efficiency and resolution in separation is constantly in demand. To achieve that, columns developed are rapidly moving towards having smaller particle sizes and internal diameters (i.d.). However, these parameters will lead to high back-pressure in the system and will burden the pumps of the HPLC instrument. To address this limitation, monolithic columns, especially silica-based monolithic columns have been introduced. These columns are being widely investigated for fast and efficient separation of a wide range of molecules. The present article describes the current methods developed to enhance the column efficiency of particle packed columns and how silica monolithic columns can act as an alternative in overcoming the low permeability of particle packed columns. The fundamental processes behind the fabrication of the monolith including the starting materials and the silica sol-gel process will be discussed. Different monolith derivatization and end-capping processes will be further elaborated and followed by highlights of the performance such monolithic columns in key applications in different fields with various types of matrices.
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Werres T, Schmidt TC, Teutenberg T. The influence of injection volume on efficiency of microbore liquid chromatography columns for gradient and isocratic elution. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461965. [PMID: 33611125 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The injection volume and the associated column volume overload is one of the most common issues in miniaturized chromatography. The injection volume should not exceed 10% of the effective column volume. A further reduction of the injection volume leads to an increase in chromatographic efficiency. However, the signal intensity must be above a certain threshold to generate a chromatographic peak that can be detected. Therefore, the injection volume has to be optimized to reach the ideal balance between chromatographic efficiency and sensitivity. This study examined the general influence of the injection volume for both isocratic and gradient elution, depending on the retention factor and peak standard deviation. For this purpose, substances of different polarity were selected to represent a broad elution spectrum. Besides the model analyte naphthalene, these were mainly pharmaceuticals. For all measurements a microbore column with an ID of 300 µm and packed with 1.9 μm fully porous particles was used. For isocratic elution, the injection volume was varied between 4 and 16% of the effective column volume. The retention factors were adjusted between 2 and 10. For gradient elution, the injection volume was varied between 4 and 160% of the effective column volume. The observed effects were further investigated using the gradient kinetic plot theory. In isocratic elution, a loss in plate height up to 50% was observed for components that elute near the void time. A significant reduction of the chromatographic efficiency was noticed up to a retention factor of 4. In gradient elution, a reduction in peak capacity could only be observed if the injection volume exceeded 40% of the effective column volume. For some substances, only a slight loss in peak capacity was noticed even with a volume overload of 160%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Werres
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V., IUTA (Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Teutenberg
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V., IUTA (Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany.
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Chiral chromatography method screening strategies: Past, present and future. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461878. [PMID: 33477025 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Method screening is an integral part of chromatographic method development for the separation of racemates. Due to the highly complex retention mechanism of a chiral stationary-phase, it is often difficult, if not impossible, to device predefined method-development steps that can be successfully applied to a wide group of molecules. The standard approach is to evaluate or screen a series of stationary and mobile-phase combinations to increase the chances of detecting a suitable separation condition. Such a process is often the rate-limiting step for high-throughput analyses and purification workflows. To address the problem, several solutions and strategies have been proposed over the years for reduction of net method-screening time. Some of the strategies have been adopted in practice while others remained confined in the literature. The main objective of this review is to revisit, critically discuss and compile the solutions published over the last two decades. We expect that making the diverse set of solutions available in a single document will help assessing the adequacy of existing screening protocols in laboratories conducting chiral separation.
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BULUT M, AKPOLAT H, TUNÇTÜRK Y, ALWAZEER D, TÜRKHAN A. Kekik, Nane, Uçkun, Üzüm Çekirdeği ve Yeşil Çay Çöpü Lifinde Optimum Etanolik Ekstraksiyon Şartlarının ve Fenolik Profillerinin Belirlenmesi. ULUSLARARASI TARIM VE YABAN HAYATI BILIMLERI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.24180/ijaws.783503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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27
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Abstract
The hyphenation of Ultra-Performance Liquid performance (UPLC) with mass spectrometry
(MS) has emerged as a powerful tool in analytical research due to its advanced sensitivity,
resolution and speed. Its advanced instrumentation, specialized columns, separation at ultra-high
pressure and sophisticated software are the distinguishing features as compared to the traditional
separating techniques. It has a wide range of applications in various fields such as analysis of food
stuffs, drug metabolites, beverages, toxicology, soil samples and micronutrient analysis. In the present
compilation, authors have highlighted the applicability of UPLC-MS in the analysis of food stuffs and
drug metabolites along with the various optimized analytical conditions and obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Semwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy (ISFCP), Moga 142001, India
| | - Raghav Dogra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy (ISFCP), Moga 142001, India
| | - Kritika Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy (ISFCP), Moga 142001, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy (ISFCP), Moga 142001, India
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Jørgenrud B, Skadberg E, de Carvalho Ponce J, Furuhaugen H, Berg T. Determination of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 and 33 compounds from eight different drug classes in whole blood by LC-MS/MS. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 107:106939. [PMID: 33257303 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most bioanalytical LC-MS/MS methods are developed for determination of single drugs or classes of drugs, but a multi-compound LC-MS/MS method that can replace several methods could reduce both analysis time and costs. The aim of this study was to develop a high-throughput LC-MS/MS method for determination of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 (PEth 16:0/18:1) and 33 other compounds from eight different drug classes in whole blood. METHODS Whole-blood samples were prepared by 96-well supported liquid extraction (SLE). Chromatographic separations were performed on a biphenyl core shell column with a mobile phase consisting of 10 mM ammonium formate, pH 3.1 and methanol. Each extract was analyzed twice by LC-MS/MS, injecting 0.4 μL and 2 μL, in order to obtain narrow and symmetrical peaks and good sensitivity for all compounds. Stable isotope-labeled internal standards were used for 31 of the 34 compounds. RESULTS A 96-well SLE reversed phase LC-MS/MS method for determination of PEth 16:0/18:1 and 33 other compounds from eight different drug classes was developed and validated. By using an organic solvent mixture of isopropanol/ methyl tert-butyl ether (1:5, v:v), all compounds, including the polar and ampholytic compounds pregabalin, gabapentin and benzoylecgonine, was extracted by 96-well SLE. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION For the first time an LC-MS/MS method for the determination of alcohol biomarker PEth 16:0/18:1 and drugs and metabolites from several different drug classes was developed and validated. The developed LC-MS/MS method can be used for high-throughput analyses and sensitive determinations of the 34 compounds in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte Jørgenrud
- Section of Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eline Skadberg
- Section of Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Julio de Carvalho Ponce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Av Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Brazil
| | - Håvard Furuhaugen
- Section of Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Berg
- Section of Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.
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Sharma T, Jain A, Saini S, Katare OP, Singh B. Implementation of analytical quality‐by‐design and green analytical chemistry approaches for the development of robust and ecofriendly UHPLC analytical method for quantification of chrysin. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teenu Sharma
- UGC Centre of Advanced Studies University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University Chandigarh India
| | - Atul Jain
- UGC‐Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles & Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences) Panjab University Chandigarh India
| | - Sumant Saini
- UGC Centre of Advanced Studies University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University Chandigarh India
| | - OP Katare
- UGC Centre of Advanced Studies University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University Chandigarh India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- UGC Centre of Advanced Studies University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University Chandigarh India
- UGC‐Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles & Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences) Panjab University Chandigarh India
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30
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Skrdla PJ. Modelling sub-micron particle slip flow in liquid chromatography. Talanta 2020; 208:120400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Khanal DD, Thakur N, Wahab MF, Armstrong DW. Enhancing the selectivity of polar hydrophilic analytes with a low concentration of barium ions in the mobile phase using geopolymers and silica supports. Talanta 2020; 207:120339. [PMID: 31594594 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Charged analytes such as organic sulfonic acids, sulfates, carboxylates, and phosphates are often analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). In many cases, these analytes do not show any selectivity and elute near the dead time using the conventional acetonitrile-ammonium acetate buffers. In this work, we introduce a powerful selectivity enhancing technique by using a trace amount of Ba2+ ion in the mobile phase as a general approach for HILIC with UV-Vis detection. Silica and a newly developed material called geopolymers are used as stationary phases. Geopolymers are X-ray amorphous aluminosilicate inorganic polymers with cation exchange properties. Barium exchanged geopolymers (Ba-NM-GP) are synthesized from metakaolin based geopolymer. Thorough characterization of Ba-NM-GP is reported using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer and laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer for the determination of their shape, size, porosity, surface area and particle size distribution respectively. It is demonstrated that in the absence of Ba2+, baseline separations of sulfonates, carboxylates, and phosphates is not possible, whereas, in the presence of Ba2+ in the mobile phase, these analytes are easily separated. Barium perchlorate is suggested as an additive for it is UV transparent, and it has practically an unlimited solubility in acetonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga D Khanal
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Texas, 76019, USA
| | - Nimisha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Texas, 76019, USA
| | - M Farooq Wahab
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Texas, 76019, USA
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Texas, 76019, USA.
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32
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Anand S, Srivastava P. Optimization Strategies for Purification of Mycophenolic Acid Produced by Penicillium brevicompactum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:867-880. [PMID: 31907779 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03204-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The microbial fermentation of Penicillium brevicompactum produces secondary metabolite mycophenolic acid (MPA), which exhibits antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor activity. It is also a potent, selective, non-competitive, and reversible inhibitor of the human inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). This study is an attempt to optimize the MPA production through a fermentation process using Penicillium brevicompactum and its further purification process optimization. In the batch fermentation process, the maximum concentration of MPA (1.84 g/L) was attained in a 3.7 L stirred tank reactor. Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD) was employed as a statistical tool to investigate the effect of pH, the volume of eluent and flow rate of the mobile phase on MPA purification process. Under optimum conditions, the experimental yield was observed to be 84.12%, which matched well with the predictive yield of 84.42%. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the fermented product was carried out to confirm the presence of mycophenolic acid. The MPA purification was done by using column chromatography technique. The purification of broth involved mycophenolic acid extraction by selecting different solvents on the basis of polarity and the extraction efficiency of solvent. Various solid support materials were used for MPA purification in column chromatography. The MPA recovery through alumina column was observed to be 84.12% under the optimum conditions, which was maximum elution as compared with other support materials. The optimized purification process yielded pure MPA crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Anand
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Pradeep Srivastava
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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33
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Mejía-Carmona K, Soares da Silva Burato J, Borsatto JVB, de Toffoli AL, Lanças FM. Miniaturization of liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Thakur N, Wahab MF, Khanal DD, Armstrong DW. Synthetic aluminosilicate based geopolymers – Second generation geopolymer HPLC stationary phases. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1081:209-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Jeong SH, Jang JH, Cho HY, Lee YB. Simultaneous determination of diethyl phthalate and its major metabolite, monoethyl phthalate, in rat plasma, urine, and various tissues collected from a toxicokinetic study by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 173:108-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Kishi H, Kumazaki T, Kitagawa S, Ohtani H. Frequency division multiplex HPLC-MS for simultaneous analyses. Analyst 2019; 144:2922-2928. [PMID: 30912777 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex high-performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), in which multiple HPLCs and one MS are hyphenated, is an approach for high throughput analysis in HPLC-MS. A general multiplex HPLC-MS method employs a column-switching technology, and only one HPLC is connected to one MS at a time. In the present study, we propose a novel multiplex HPLC-MS system for simultaneous HPLC-MS analyses. In this study, multiple HPLCs are hyphenated with one MS without a column-switching mechanism, and a mixed-chromatogram is observed by the MS. Here, we employ a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technique used in communication engineering to extract any chromatogram from the mixed-chromatogram. When a modulator (chopper or ion-gate type) is set between each ion source and the MS, each modulator blocks each sample stream with an individual frequency. In theory, each chromatogram can be extracted from the mixed-chromatogram via a signal processing based on a Fourier transform (FT), frequency-based signal extraction, and reversed FT. In the actual experiment, two HPLCs are hyphenated with one MS (2HPLC-1MS). The use of chopper type modulators leads to the extraction and restoration of each chromatogram from the mixed-chromatogram. However, each restored-chromatogram involves signal interference. On the other hand, the ion-gate modulation system successfully resulted in restored-chromatograms without interference. The potential of the novel multiplex HPLC-MS system based on FDM is confirmed with respect to the simultaneous and continuous analyses of plural samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroka Kishi
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kumazaki
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Shinya Kitagawa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Hajime Ohtani
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
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37
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Ibrahim D, Ghanem A. On the Enantioselective HPLC Separation Ability of Sub-2 µm Columns: Chiralpak ® IG-U and ID-U. Molecules 2019; 24:E1287. [PMID: 30986997 PMCID: PMC6480392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica with a particle size of 3-5 µm has been widely used as selector backbone material in 10-25 cm HPLC chiral columns. Yet, with the availability of 1.6 µm particles, shorter, high-efficiency columns practical for minute chiral separations are possible to fabricate. Herein, we investigate the use of two recently commercialized sub-2 µm columns with different substituents. Thus, Chiralpak® IG-U and ID-U were used in HPLC for the fast enantioseparation of a set of drugs. Chiralpak® IG-U [amylose tris (3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate)] has two substituents on the phenyl ring, namely, a withdrawing chlorine group in the third position and a donating group in the fifth position. Chiralpak® ID-U [amylose tris (3-chlorophenylcarbamate)] has only one substituent on the phenyl ring, namely a withdrawing chlorine group. Their applications in three liquid chromatography modes, namely, normal phase, polar organic mode, and reversed phase, were demonstrated. Both columns have similar column parameters (50 mm length, 3 mm internal diameter, and 1.6 µm particle size) with the chiral stationary phase as the only variable. Improved chromatographic enantioresolution was obtained with Chiralpak® ID-U. Amino acids partially separated were reported for the first time under an amylose-based sub-2-micron column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ibrahim
- Chirality Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Ashraf Ghanem
- Chirality Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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38
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Salmean C, Dimartino S. 3D-Printed Stationary Phases with Ordered Morphology: State of the Art and Future Development in Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Li J, Xu L, Shi ZG. Waxberry-like hierarchically porous ethyl-bridged hybrid silica microsphere: A substrate for enzyme catalysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1587:79-87. [PMID: 30527847 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the ethyl-bridged hybrid silica microsphere with hierarchically meso-macroporous structure was initially synthesized through a method combining dispersion polymerization with sol-gel transition and phase separation. The flow-through macropores rendered the microsphere a rough surface like a waxberry, and thus the material was named as waxberry-like ethyl-bridged hybrid silica sphere (WEHS). WEHS was characteristic of appropriate alkali-stability, which was highly difficult for the pure silica. Additionally, WEHS possessed hierarchical meso- and macropores, which added additional value for faster mass transfer than the conventional fully porous silica materials. Taking the advantages of WEHS, it was successfully applied as the substrate to immobilize lipase; the prepared immobilized lipase exhibited high catalytic activity and favorable reusability under alkaline conditions, which was significant in pitch control of neutral-alkaline papermaking industry. Moreover, as the high-performance liquid chromatographic stationary phase matrix, WEHS made the separation under alkaline mobile phase into a reality for the silica-based materials. Besides, an ultra-fast and efficient separation in minutes was achieved with lower consumption of solvents and saving analytical time, which is highly desired in modern analysis. In general, WEHS was a novel and promising candidate in the myriads of silica-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Xu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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40
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da Silveira TFF, Godoy HT. Non-Anthocyanin Phenolic Compounds in Açaí (Euterpe oleraceaMart.) Juice by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (UHPLC-DAD): A Multivariate Optimization. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 57:139-148. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Teixeira Godoy
- Department of Food Science. Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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41
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Liang Y, Zhou T. Recent advances of online coupling of sample preparation techniques with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:226-242. [PMID: 30136406 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ultra high performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography techniques are favored because of their high efficiency and fast analysis speed. Although many sample preparation techniques have been coupled with common liquid chromatography online, the online coupling of sample preparation with the two popular chromatography techniques have gained increasing attention owing to the increasing requirements of efficiency and sensitivity. In this review, we have discussed and summarized the recent advances of the online coupling of sample preparation with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography techniques. The main sample preparation techniques that have been coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography online are solid-phase extraction and in-tube solid-phase microextraction, while solid-phase extraction and supercritical fluid extraction are the main techniques that have been coupled with supercritical fluid chromatography online. Especially, the strategies for online coupling of sample preparation with chromatography techniques were summarized. Typical applications and growing trends of the online coupling techniques were also discussed in detail. With the increasing demands of improving the efficiency, throughput, and analytical capability toward complex samples of the analysis methods, online coupling of sample preparation with chromatography techniques will acquire further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Liang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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42
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Rampler E, Schoeny H, Mitic BM, El Abiead Y, Schwaiger M, Koellensperger G. Simultaneous non-polar and polar lipid analysis by on-line combination of HILIC, RP and high resolution MS. Analyst 2018; 143:1250-1258. [PMID: 29431763 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01984j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the chemical diversity of lipids and their biological relevance, suitable methods for lipid profiling and quantification are demanded to reduce sample complexity and analysis times. In this work, we present a novel on-line chromatographic method coupling hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) dedicated to class-specific separation of polar lipid to reversed-phase chromatography (RP) for non-polar lipid analysis. More specifically, the void volume of the HILIC separation-consisting of non-polar lipids- is transferred to the orthogonal RP column enabling the on-line combination of HILIC with RP without any dilution in the second dimension. In this setup the orthogonal HILIC and RP separations were performed in parallel and the effluents of both columns were combined prior to high-resolution MS detection, offering the full separation space in one analytical run. Rapid separation for both polar and non-polar lipids within only 15 min (including reequilibration time) was enabled using sub-2 μm particles and UHPLC. The method proved to be robust with excellent retention time stability (RSDs < 1%) and LODs in the fmol to pmol (absolute on column) range even in the presence of complex biological matrix such as human plasma. The presented high-resolution LC-MS/MS method leads to class-specific separation of polar lipids and separation of non-polar lipids which is lost in conventional HILIC separations. HILIC-RP-MS is a promising tool for targeted and untargeted lipidomics workflows as three interesting features are combined namely (1) the decreased run time of state of the art shotgun MS methods, (2) the elevated linear dynamic range inherent to chromatographic separation and (3) increased level of identification by separation of polar and non-polar lipid classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Rampler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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43
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Quantification of 21 antihypertensive drugs in serum using UHPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1089:84-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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44
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Rampler E, Criscuolo A, Zeller M, El Abiead Y, Schoeny H, Hermann G, Sokol E, Cook K, Peake DA, Delanghe B, Koellensperger G. A Novel Lipidomics Workflow for Improved Human Plasma Identification and Quantification Using RPLC-MSn Methods and Isotope Dilution Strategies. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6494-6501. [PMID: 29708737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid identification and quantification are essential objectives in comprehensive lipidomics studies challenged by the high number of lipids, their chemical diversity, and their dynamic range. In this work, we developed a tailored method for profiling and quantification combining (1) isotope dilution, (2) enhanced isomer separation by C30 fused-core reversed-phase material, and (3) parallel Orbitrap and ion trap detection by the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribid mass spectrometer. The combination of parallelizable ion analysis without time loss together with different fragmentation techniques (HCD/CID) and an inclusion list led to higher quality in lipid identifications exemplified in human plasma and yeast samples. Moreover, we used lipidome isotope-labeling of yeast (LILY)-a fast and efficient in vivo labeling strategy in Pichia pastoris-to produce (nonradioactive) isotopically labeled eukaryotic lipid standards in yeast. We integrated the 13C lipids in the LC-MS workflow to enable relative and absolute compound-specific quantification in yeast and human plasma samples by isotope dilution. Label-free and compound-specific quantification was validated by comparison against a recent international interlaboratory study on human plasma SRM 1950. In this way, we were able to prove that LILY enabled quantification leads to accurate results, even in complex matrices. Excellent analytical figures of merit with enhanced trueness, precision and linearity over 4-5 orders of magnitude were observed applying compound-specific quantification with 13C-labeled lipids. We strongly believe that lipidomics studies will benefit from incorporating isotope dilution and LC-MSn strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Rampler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währingerstrasse 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME) , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,Chemistry Meets Microbiology , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Angela Criscuolo
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen GmbH) , Hanna-Kunath-Str. 11 , 28199 Bremen , Germany.,Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy , Universität Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Martin Zeller
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen GmbH) , Hanna-Kunath-Str. 11 , 28199 Bremen , Germany
| | - Yasin El Abiead
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währingerstrasse 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Harald Schoeny
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währingerstrasse 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Gerrit Hermann
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währingerstrasse 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,ISOtopic solutions , Währingerstrasse 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Elena Sokol
- Thermo Fisher Scientific , 1 Boundary Park , Hemel Hempstead HP2 7GE , United Kingdom
| | - Ken Cook
- Thermo Fisher Scientific , 1 Boundary Park , Hemel Hempstead HP2 7GE , United Kingdom
| | - David A Peake
- Thermo Fisher Scientific , 355 River Oaks Parkway , 95134 San Jose , California United States
| | - Bernard Delanghe
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen GmbH) , Hanna-Kunath-Str. 11 , 28199 Bremen , Germany
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währingerstrasse 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME) , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,Chemistry Meets Microbiology , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
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45
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Parr MK, Schmidt AH. Life cycle management of analytical methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:506-517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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da Silva GS, Canuto KM, Ribeiro PRV, de Brito ES, Nascimento MM, Zocolo GJ, Coutinho JP, de Jesus RM. Chemical profiling of guarana seeds ( Paullinia cupana ) from different geographical origins using UPLC-QTOF-MS combined with chemometrics. Food Res Int 2017; 102:700-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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47
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Ahmad IAH, Hrovat F, Soliven A, Clarke A, Boswell P, Tarara T, Blasko A. A 14 Parameter Study of UHPLC’s for Method Development Transfer and Troubleshooting. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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48
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Allen SA, Rednour S, Shepard S, Pond BB. A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection assay for the quantitative determination of monoamines and respective metabolites in six discrete brain regions of mice. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 28474759 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, and reproducible assay is described for the quantitative determination of the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin, their metabolites, and the internal standard 3,4-dihydroxybenzlyamine hydro-bromide in mouse brain homogenate using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The method was validated in the following brain areas: frontal cortex, striatum, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area. Biogenic amines and relevant metabolites were extracted from discrete brain regions using a simple protein precipitation procedure, and the chromatography was achieved using a C18 column. The method was accurate over the linear range of 0.300-30 ng/mL (r = 0.999) for dopamine and 0.300-15 ng/mL (r = 0.999) for norepinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxybenzlyamine hydro-bromide, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, with detection limits of ~0.125 ng/mL (5 pg on column) for each of these analytes. Accuracy and linearity for serotonin were observed throughout the concentration range of 0.625-30 ng/mL (r = 0.998) with an analytical detection limit of ~0.300 ng/mL (12 pg on column). Relative recoveries for all analytes were approximately ≥90% and the analytical run time was <10 min. The described method utilized minimal sample preparation procedures and was optimized to provide the sensitivity limits required for simultaneous monoamine and metabolite analysis in small, discrete brain tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena A Allen
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephanie Rednour
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Samantha Shepard
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brooks Barnes Pond
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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49
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Heiland JJ, Lotter C, Stein V, Mauritz L, Belder D. Temperature Gradient Elution and Superheated Eluents in Chip-HPLC. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3266-3271. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef J. Heiland
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Lotter
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volkmar Stein
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Straße
18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany
| | - Laura Mauritz
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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50
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Sahu K, Shaharyar M, Siddiqui AA, Sahu S. Establishment of inherent stability on piracetam by UPLC/HPLC and development of a validated stability-indicating method. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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