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Liu X, Liang W, Zeng H, Jiang Y, Li Y, Zhang M. 3D printed cartridge for high-speed capillary electrophoresis with sheath liquid thermostatting and contactless conductivity detection. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1264:341235. [PMID: 37230716 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The high-speed capillary electrophoresis (HSCE) method is a technique that utilizes a high electric field strength applied through a short capillary to reduce the time required for sample separation. However, the increased electric field strength may result in pronounced Joule heating effects. To address this, we describe a 3D-printed cartridge with integrated contactless conductivity detection (C4D) head and a sheath liquid channel. The C4D electrodes and Faraday shield layers are fabricated by casting Wood's metal in chambers inside the cartridge. Effective thermostatting of the short capillary is achieved by flowing Fluorinert liquid, which provides better heat dissipation compared to airflow. A HSCE device is created by using the cartridge and a modified slotted-vial array sample-introduction approach. Analytes are introduced through electrokinetic injection. With the help of sheath liquid thermostatting, background electrolyte concentration can be increased to several hundred mM, resulting in improved sample stacking and peak resolutions. Additionally, the baseline signal is flattened. Typical cations such as NH4+, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Li+, and Ca2+ can be separated within 22 s with an applied field strength of 1200 V/cm. The limit of detection ranges from 2.5 to 4.6 μM with a relative standard deviation of migration times of 1.1-1.2% (n = 17). The method has been applied to detect cations in drinking water and black tea leaching for drink safety testing, and to identify explosive anions in paper swabs. Samples can be directly injected without the need for dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Wenshan Liang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
| | - Yiyu Jiang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
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2
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Luong J, Hua Y, Gras R, Yang X, Yang P. Post-column reaction with a 3D-printed two-stage microreactor and flame ionization detection for carbon compound independent response in fast gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460460. [PMID: 31445802 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fast gas chromatography that leverages the high chromatographic efficiency of narrow bore capillary column technology and temperature programming was successfully integrated with a third-generation low void-volume, 3D-printed two-stage microreactor. Effective management of extra-column effect and the capability to perform post-column backflushing were achieved with the incorporation of a recently commercialized, electronically controlled pneumatic switching device and a deactivated metal three-way microdevice. With this configuration, narrow bore capillary columns having internal diameters between 0.10 and 0.15 mm can be employed to produce chromatographic peaks in the domain of fast gas chromatography, with peak widths at half-height ranging from 0.42 s to 0.92 s for probe compounds having k over a range from 1.7 for toluene to 60 with the last analyte (nC44) eluted in less than 12 min. The carbon independent response capability of the 3D-printed microreactor affords unique and advantaged differentiators, for instance, conducting measurement of the target analytes using one single carbon-containing compound for calibration with an acceptable accuracy of ±10%, achieving a higher degree of accuracy by eliminating the need for multi-level and multi-compound calibration, and improving sensitivity for compounds that are not efficiently ionized by flame ionization detection. Using this platform, repeatability of retention times for 14 probe compounds was less than 0.1% RSD (n = 10), and less than 1.0% RSD (n = 10) for area counts. The utility of the analytical approach was illustrated with relevant, challenging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Luong
- Dow Chemical Canada ULC, Highway 15, Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta T8L 2P4, Canada; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75 Hobart 7001 Australia.
| | - Yujuan Hua
- Dow Chemical Canada ULC, Highway 15, Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta T8L 2P4, Canada
| | - Ronda Gras
- Dow Chemical Canada ULC, Highway 15, Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta T8L 2P4, Canada; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75 Hobart 7001 Australia
| | - Xiuhan Yang
- Dow Chemical China Investment Co., Ltd., No. 936 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peilin Yang
- Dow Chemical USA, Analytical Science, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
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3
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Giocastro B, Piparo M, Tranchida PQ, Mondello L. Cryogenic modulation fast GC × GC-MS using a 10 m microbore column combination: Concept, method optimization, and application. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1112-1117. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Giocastro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Biologiche; Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali; University of Messina, Polo Annunziata; Messina Italy
| | - Marco Piparo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Biologiche; Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali; University of Messina, Polo Annunziata; Messina Italy
| | - Peter Q. Tranchida
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Biologiche; Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali; University of Messina, Polo Annunziata; Messina Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Biologiche; Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali; University of Messina, Polo Annunziata; Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali; University of Messina, Polo Annunziata; Messina Italy
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition; Department of Medicine; University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
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4
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Miniaturization of the QuEChERS Method in the Fast Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Vegetables. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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5
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Donato P, Inferrera V, Sciarrone D, Mondello L. Supercritical fluid chromatography for lipid analysis in foodstuffs. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:361-382. [PMID: 27696781 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The task of lipid analysis has always challenged separation scientists, and new techniques in chromatography were often developed for the separation of lipids; however, no single technique or methodology is yet capable of affording a comprehensive screening of all lipid species and classes. This review acquaints the role of supercritical fluid chromatography within the field of lipid analysis, from the early developed capillary separations based on pure CO2 , to the most recent techniques employing packed columns under subcritical conditions, including the niche multidimensional techniques using supercritical fluids in at least one of the separation dimensions. A short history of supercritical fluid chromatography will be introduced first, from its early popularity in the late 1980s, to the sudden fall and oblivion until the last decade, experiencing a regain of interest within the chromatographic community. Afterwards, the subject of lipid nomenclature and classification will be briefly dealt with, before discussing the main applications of supercritical fluid chromatography for food analysis, according to the specific class of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Donato
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Veronica Inferrera
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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6
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Schafer W, Wang H, Welch CJ. Multiple-injection high-throughput gas chromatography analysis. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2978-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wes Schafer
- Process and Analytical Chemistry; Merck Research Laboratories; Rahway NJ USA
| | - Heather Wang
- Process and Analytical Chemistry; Merck Research Laboratories; Rahway NJ USA
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7
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Armenta S, de la Guardia M. Green chromatography for the analysis of foods of animal origin. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Bajer T, Ligor M, Ligor T, Buszewski B. Design of the extraction process for terpenes and other volatiles from allspice by solid-phase microextraction and hydrodistillation. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:769-75. [PMID: 26632088 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Methods for the separation and determination of terpenes (mono- and sesqui-) and phenylpropanoids such as eugenol and methyleugenol from samples of allspice berries have been developed. Chromatographic analyses of isolated groups of compounds were carried out by means of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. A comparison of various types of solid-phase microextraction fibers was performed. The highest yields of terpenes were extracted by polydimethylsiloxane and divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fibers (almost the same for these two fibers), approximately twice as much as by Carbowax/divinylbenzene fiber. The highest amounts of monoterpenes were extracted by divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber, and the highest amounts of sesquiterpenes were extracted by polydimethylsiloxane fiber. Moreover, the effect of water addition on extraction yields as well as time and temperature of extraction were tested. Aroma profiles of extracts obtained by solid-phase microextraction and essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of allspice berries were compared. The aroma profile of the divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber extract was similar to the aroma profile of essential oil. Particular characteristics of volatile allspice matters were presented. The linear retention indices for each compound were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Bajer
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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9
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Vistuba JP, Piovezan M, Pizzolatti MG, Rebelo AM, Azevedo MS, Vitali L, Costa ACO, Amadeu Micke G. Increasing the instrumental throughput of gas chromatography method using multiple injections in a single experimental run: Application in determination of friedelan-3-ol and friedelin in Maytenus ilicifolia. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1274:159-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Bojko B, Cudjoe E, Gómez-Ríos GA, Gorynski K, Jiang R, Reyes-Garcés N, Risticevic S, Silva ÉA, Togunde O, Vuckovic D, Pawliszyn J. SPME – Quo vadis? Anal Chim Acta 2012; 750:132-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Matisová E, Hrouzková S. Analysis of endocrine disrupting pesticides by capillary GC with mass spectrometric detection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:3166-96. [PMID: 23202677 PMCID: PMC3499860 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9093166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals, among them many pesticides, alter the normal functioning of the endocrine system of both wildlife and humans at very low concentration levels. Therefore, the importance of method development for their analysis in food and the environment is increasing. This also covers contributions in the field of ultra-trace analysis of multicomponent mixtures of organic pollutants in complex matrices. With this fact conventional capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and fast CGC with mass spectrometric detection (MS) has acquired a real importance in the analysis of endocrine disrupting pesticide (EDP) residues. This paper provides an overview of GC methods, including sample preparation steps, for analysis of EDPs in a variety of matrices at ultra-trace concentration levels. Emphasis is put on separation method, mode of MS detection and ionization and obtained limits of detection and quantification. Analysis time is one of the most important aspects that should be considered in the choice of analytical methods for routine analysis. Therefore, the benefits of developed fast GC methods are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Matisová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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12
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Wilson RB, Hoggard JC, Synovec RE. Fast, High Peak Capacity Separations in Gas Chromatography–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4167-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300481k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B. Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington—Seattle, Washington 98195-1700,
United States
| | - Jamin C. Hoggard
- Department
of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington—Seattle, Washington 98195-1700,
United States
| | - Robert E. Synovec
- Department
of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington—Seattle, Washington 98195-1700,
United States
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13
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Application of GC–TOFMS for Pesticide Residue Analysis in Grapes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53810-9.00005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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14
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Tranchida PQ, Zoccali M, Purcaro G, Moret S, Conte L, Beccaria M, Dugo P, Mondello L. A rapid multidimensional liquid–gas chromatography method for the analysis of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons in vegetable oils. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7476-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Botitsi HV, Garbis SD, Economou A, Tsipi DF. Current mass spectrometry strategies for the analysis of pesticides and their metabolites in food and water matrices. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:907-939. [PMID: 24737632 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of pesticides and their metabolites in food and water matrices continues to be an active research area closely related to food safety and environmental issues. This review discusses the most widely applied mass spectrometric (MS) approaches to pesticide residues analysis over the last few years. The main techniques for sample preparation remain solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction. The QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) approach is being increasingly used for the development of multi-class pesticide residues methods in various sample matrices. MS detectors-triple quadrupole (QqQ), ion-trap (IT), quadrupole linear ion trap (QqLIT), time-of-flight (TOF), and quadrupole time-of-flight (QqTOF)-have been established as powerful analytical tools sharing a primary role in the detection/quantification and/or identification/confirmation of pesticides and their metabolites. Recent developments in analytical instrumentation have enabled coupling of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and fast gas chromatography (GC) with MS detectors, and faster analysis for a greater number of pesticides. The newly developed "ambient-ionization" MS techniques (e.g., desorption electrospray ionization, DESI, and direct analysis in real time, DART) hyphenated with high-resolution MS platforms without liquid chromatography separation, and sometimes with minimum pre-treatment, have shown potential for pesticide residue screening. The recently introduced Orbitrap mass spectrometers can provide high resolving power and mass accuracy, to tackle complex analytical problems involved in pesticide residue analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen V Botitsi
- General Chemical State Laboratory, Pesticide Residues Laboratory, 16 An. Tsocha Street, Athens 115 21, Greece
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Koesukwiwat U, Lehotay SJ, Leepipatpiboon N. Fast, low-pressure gas chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of 150 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7039-50. [PMID: 21871625 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We developed and evaluated a new method of low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LP-GC/MS-MS) using a triple quadrupole instrument for fast analysis of 150 relevant pesticides in four representative fruits and vegetables. This LP-GC (vacuum outlet) approach entails coupling a 10 m, 0.53 mm i.d., 1 μm film analytical column between the MS transfer line and a 3 m, 0.15 mm i.d. capillary at the inlet. The MS creates a vacuum in the 10 m analytical column, which reduces the viscosity of the He carrier gas and thereby shifts the optimal flow rate to greater velocity. By taking advantage of the H(2)-like properties of He under vacuum, the short analytical column, a rapid oven temperature ramp rate, and the high selectivity and sensitivity of MS/MS, 150 pesticides were separated in <6.5 min. The 2.5 ms dwell time and 1 ms interscan delay of the MS/MS instrument were critical for achieving >8 data points across the 2-3 s wide peaks. To keep dwell and cycle times constant across all peaks, each segment consisted of 30 analytes (60 transitions). For assessment, we injected extracts of spiked broccoli, cantaloupe, lemon, and sweet potato from the updated QuEChERS sample preparation method. Average recoveries (n=72) were 70-120% for 144 of the pesticides, and reproducibilities were <20% RSD for all but 4 analytes. Also, detection limits were <5 ng/g for all but a few pesticides, depending on the matrix. In addition to high quality performance, the method gave excellent reliability and high sample throughput, including easy peak integration to obtain rapid results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urairat Koesukwiwat
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
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Cunha S, Almeida C, Mendes E, Fernandes J. Simultaneous determination of bisphenol A and bisphenol B in beverages and powdered infant formula by dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction and heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:513-26. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.542551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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de la Guardia M, Armenta S. Multianalyte Determination Versus One-at-a-Time Methodologies. GREEN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53709-6.00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Pasikanti KK, Norasmara J, Cai S, Mahendran R, Esuvaranathan K, Ho PC, Chan ECY. Metabolic footprinting of tumorigenic and nontumorigenic uroepithelial cells using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:1285-93. [PMID: 20686754 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS) were employed for the metabolic footprinting of a pair of immortalized human uroepithelial cells namely HUC-1 (nontumorigenic) and HUC T-2 (tumorigenic). Both HUC-1 and HUC T-2 cell lines were cultivated in 1 mL of Ham's F-12 media. Subsequent to 48 h of incubation, 200 microL of cell culture supernatant was protein-precipitated using 1.7 mL of methanol and an aliquot of 1.5 mL of the mixture was separated, dried, trimethylsilyl-derivatized, and analyzed using GC-MS and GCxGC-TOFMS. Metabolic profiles were analyzed using multivariate data analysis techniques to evaluate the changes of the metabolomes. Both GC-MS and GCxGC-TOFMS analyses showed distinct differences in metabolic phenotypes of the normal and tumorigenic human bladder cells (partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of GCxGC-TOFMS data; two latent variables, R (2) X = 0.418, R (2) Y = 0.977 and Q (2) (cumulative) = 0.852). Twenty metabolites were identified as being statistically different between the two cell types. These metabolites revealed that several key metabolic pathways were perturbed in tumorigenic urothelial cells as compared to the normal cells. Application of GCxGC-TOFMS offered several advantages compared to classical one-dimensional GC-MS which include enhanced chromatographic resolution (without increase in analytical run time), increase in sensitivity, improved identification of metabolites, and also separation of reagent artifacts from the metabolite peaks. Our results reinforced the advantages of GCxGC-TOFMS and the role of metabolomics in characterizing bladder cancer biology using in vitro cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Kumar Pasikanti
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
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20
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Protocol for the development of automated high-throughput SPME–GC methods for the analysis of volatile and semivolatile constituents in wine samples. Nat Protoc 2010; 5:162-76. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Multidimensional chromatography in food analysis. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7110-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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22
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Tranchida PQ, Purcaro G, Conte L, Dugo P, Dugo G, Mondello L. Optimized Use of a 50 μm Internal Diameter Secondary Column in a Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography System. Anal Chem 2009; 81:8529-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901461y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Quinto Tranchida
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, I-98168, Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2, 33100, Udine, Italy, and Campus-Biomedico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, I-98168, Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2, 33100, Udine, Italy, and Campus-Biomedico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Lanfranco Conte
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, I-98168, Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2, 33100, Udine, Italy, and Campus-Biomedico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, I-98168, Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2, 33100, Udine, Italy, and Campus-Biomedico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, I-98168, Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2, 33100, Udine, Italy, and Campus-Biomedico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, I-98168, Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2, 33100, Udine, Italy, and Campus-Biomedico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
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Recent developments in solid-phase microextraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:781-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dömötörová M, Matisová E. Fast gas chromatography for pesticide residues analysis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1207:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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High-speed, low-pressure gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for essential oil analysis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1200:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2008] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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