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Yang H, Huang X, Yang M, Zhang X, Tang F, Gao B, Gong M, Liang Y, Liu Y, Qian X, Li H. Advanced analytical techniques for authenticity identification and quality evaluation in Essential oils: A review. Food Chem 2024; 451:139340. [PMID: 38678649 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Essential oils (EO), secondary metabolites of plants are fragrant oily liquids with antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and antioxidant effects. They are widely applied in food, medicine, cosmetics, and other fields. However, the quality of EOs remain uncertain owing to their high volatility and susceptibility to oxidation, influenced by factors such as the harvesting season, extraction, and separation techniques. Additionally, the huge economic value of EOs has led to a market marked by widespread and varied adulteration, making the assessment of their quality challenging. Therefore, developing simple, quick, and effective identification techniques for EOs is essential. This review comprehensively summarizes the techniques for assessing EO quality and identifying adulteration. It covers sensory evaluation, physical and chemical property evaluation, and chemical composition analysis, which are widely used and of great significance for the quality evaluation and adulteration detection of EOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Jiangxi Guxiangjinyun Great Health Industry Co. Ltd, Nanchang 330096, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Jiangxi Guxiangjinyun Great Health Industry Co. Ltd, Nanchang 330096, China; College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Fangrui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Jiangxi Guxiangjinyun Great Health Industry Co. Ltd, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Mengya Gong
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xingyi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Jiangxi Guxiangjinyun Great Health Industry Co. Ltd, Nanchang 330096, China.
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Wang Y, Huang J, Lin X, Su W, Zhu P, Yang N, Adams E. Recent progress in the extraction of terpenoids from essential oils and separation of the enantiomers by GC-MS. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465118. [PMID: 38936162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Terpenoids possess significant physiological activities and are rich in essential oils. Some terpenoids have chiral centers and could form enantiomers with distinct physiological activities. Therefore, the extraction and separation of terpenoids enantiomers are very important and have attracted extensive attention in recent years. Meanwhile, the specific distribution and enantiomer excess results (the excess of one enantiomer over the other in a mixture of enantiomers) could be used as quality markers for illegitimate adulteration, origin identification, and exploring component variations and functional interrelations across different plant tissues. In this study, an overview of the progress in the extraction of terpenoids from essential oils and the separation of their enantiomers over the past two decades has been made. Extraction methods were retrieved by the resultant network visualization findings. The results showed that the predominant methods are hydrodistillation, solvent-free microwave extraction, headspace solid-phase microextraction and supercritical fluid extraction methods. GC-MS combined with chiral chromatography columns is commonly used for the separation of enantiomers, while 2D GC is found to have stronger resolution ability. Finally, some prospects for future research directions in the extraction and separation identification of essential oils are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jinchun Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xinyue Lin
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Weike Su
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Peixi Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Ni Yang
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Adams
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, O&N2, PB 923 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Khatri PK, Paolini M, Larcher R, Ziller L, Alina Magdas D, Marincas O, Roncone A, Bontempo L. Validation of gas chromatographic methods for lavender essential oil authentication based on volatile organic compounds and stable isotope ratios. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bureš MS, Maslov Bandić L, Vlahoviček-Kahlina K. Determination of Bioactive Components in Mandarin Fruits: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1489-1514. [PMID: 35157545 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2035209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, there has been a continuous rise in the consumption of fresh easy-to-peel mandarins. However, the majority of the knowledge comes from other citrus fruit, like orange, while there are relatively few studies about mandarins and no comprehensive research on literature data about them. One of the most important steps in the analytical process is sample preparation. Its value is evident in analyzing the samples with complex matrices, such as in mandarin fruit. In addition, mandarin contains hundreds to thousands of various compounds and metabolites, some of them present in extremely low concentrations, that interfere with the detection of one another. Hence, mandarin samples are commonly pretreated by extraction to facilitate analysis of bioactive compounds, improve accuracy and quantification levels. There is an abundance of extraction techniques available, depending on the group of compounds of interest. Finally, modern analytical techniques, have been applied to cope with numerous bioactive compounds in mandarins. Considering all the above, this review aims to (i) list the most valuable procedures of sample preparation, (ii) highlight the most important techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from mandarin fruit, and (iii) summarize current trends in the identification and determination of bioactive compounds in mandarin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luna Maslov Bandić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Kouba M, Fašmon Durjava M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Westendorf J, Manini P, Pizzo F, Dusemund B. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of expressed mandarin oil from the fruit peels of Citrus reticulata Blanco for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl). EFSA J 2021; 19:e06625. [PMID: 34136001 PMCID: PMC8190682 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of expressed mandarin oil from the fruit peels of Citrus reticulata Blanco, when used as a sensory additive (flavouring) in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the essential oil under assessment is safe up to the maximum proposed use levels in complete feed of 15 mg/kg for poultry, 33 mg/kg for pigs, 30 mg/kg for ruminants, 40 mg/kg for horse, and 15 mg/kg for salmon and rabbit. The presence of perillaldehyde was identified as a source of potential concern. However, in target species fed citrus by-products as part of daily feed the use of the expressed mandarin oil in feed was not expected to increase the exposure to perillaldehyde to a relevant extent (< 4%). For companion animals and ornamental fish not normally exposed to citrus by-products, no conclusion can be drawn. The FEEDAP Panel considered that the use in water for drinking is safe provided that the total daily intake of the additive does not exceed the daily amount that is considered safe when consumed via feed. No concerns for consumer safety were identified following the use of the additive up to the maximum proposed use level in feed. The essential oil under assessment should be considered as irritant to skin, eyes and the respiratory tract, and as a skin sensitiser. The use of the additive in animal feed under the proposed conditions of use was not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Expressed mandarin oil was recognised to flavour food. Since its function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.
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Russo M, Rigano F, Arigò A, Dugo P, Mondello L. Coumarins, Psoralens and Polymethoxyflavones in Cold-pressed Citrus Essential Oils: a Review. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2020.1857855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Russo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Adriana Arigò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Differentiation of Essential Oils Using Nanofluidic Protein Post-Translational Modification Profiling. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132383. [PMID: 31252611 PMCID: PMC6651569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods for the authentication of essential oils focus on analyzing their chemical composition. This study describes the use of nanofluidic protein post-translational modification (PTM) profiling to differentiate essential oils by analyzing their biochemical effects. Protein PTM profiling was used to measure the effects of four essential oils, copaiba, mandarin, Melissa, and turmeric, on the phosphorylation of MEK1, MEK2, and ERK1/2 in the MAPK signaling pathway; Akt and 4EBP1 in the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway; and STAT3 in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in cultured HepG2 cells. The gain or loss of the phosphorylation of these proteins served as direct read-outs for the positive or negative regulatory effects of essential oils on their respective signaling pathways. Furthermore, protein PTM profiling and GC-MS were employed side-by-side to assess the quality of the essential oils. In general, protein PTM profiling data concurred with GC-MS data on the identification of adulterated mandarin, Melissa, and turmeric essential oils. Most interestingly, protein PTM profiling data identified the differences in biochemical effects between copaiba essential oils, which were indistinguishable with GC-MS data on their chemical composition. Taken together, nanofluidic protein PTM profiling represents a robust method for the assessment of the quality and therapeutic potential of essential oils.
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Schipilliti L, Bonaccorsi IL, Mondello L. Evaluation of the carbon isotope ratios of selected volatiles determined in several citrus authentic petitgrain oils. Bigarade (C. aurantium) petitgrain oil’s first case report. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2018.1556745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Schipilliti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ivana L. Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Fast authentication of tea tree oil through spectroscopy. Talanta 2018; 189:404-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Balog J, Perenyi D, Guallar-Hoyas C, Egri A, Pringle SD, Stead S, Chevallier OP, Elliott CT, Takats Z. Identification of the Species of Origin for Meat Products by Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4793-4800. [PMID: 27167240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly abundant food fraud cases have brought food authenticity and safety into major focus. This study presents a fast and effective way to identify meat products using rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS). The experimental setup was demonstrated to be able to record a mass spectrometric profile of meat specimens in a time frame of <5 s. A multivariate statistical algorithm was developed and successfully tested for the identification of animal tissue with different anatomical origin, breed, and species with 100% accuracy at species and 97% accuracy at breed level. Detection of the presence of meat originating from a different species (horse, cattle, and venison) has also been demonstrated with high accuracy using mixed patties with a 5% detection limit. REIMS technology was found to be a promising tool in food safety applications providing a reliable and simple method for the rapid characterization of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Balog
- Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
- Waters Research Center , 7 Zahony Street, Budapest 1031, Hungary
| | - Dora Perenyi
- Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Guallar-Hoyas
- Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Attila Egri
- Waters Research Center , 7 Zahony Street, Budapest 1031, Hungary
| | - Steven D Pringle
- Waters Corporation , Altricham Road, SK9 4AX Wilmslow, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Stead
- Waters Corporation , Altricham Road, SK9 4AX Wilmslow, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier P Chevallier
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , 18-30 Malone Road, BT9 5BN Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Chris T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , 18-30 Malone Road, BT9 5BN Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
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Schipilliti L, Bonaccorsi I, Cotroneo A, Dugo P, Mondello L. Carbon isotope ratios of selected volatiles in Citrus sinensis and in orange-flavoured food. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2944-2950. [PMID: 25475589 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twenty genuine samples of industrially cold-pressed sweet orange essential oils, were analysed by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry to determine the values of the carbon isotope ratios (δ(13)C(VPDB)) of selected volatiles and assess the corresponding range of authenticity. Successively, four commercial orange-flavoured products were analysed under identical conditions to evaluate the authenticity of the orange flavour. The samples were extracted by solid-phase microextraction under optimised conditions. The evaluation was performed by using an internal standard procedure to neglect the contribution due to the original environment to the isotopic abundance of (13)C. The composition of the volatile fraction of the essential oils and of the flavoured products was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with linear retention indices, and by gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector. RESULTS The δ(13)C(VPDB) values of seven secondary metabolites determined here were successfully used to characterise genuine orange essential oil. These values were used to evaluate the quality of orange-flavoured products, revealing the presence of compounds of different origin, not compatible with the values of genuine orange secondary metabolites. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the range of authenticity of δ(13)C(VPDB) of seven different secondary metabolites in sweet orange genuine essential oil, useful for evaluating the genuineness of orange flavour. In accord with a previous study on different essential oils, the values determined here can be successfully applied for the evaluation of a large number of flavoured food stuffs and correlated with their origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Schipilliti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Ivana Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Cotroneo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (C.I.R.), University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Roma, Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., A start-up of the University of Messina, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (C.I.R.), University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Roma, Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., A start-up of the University of Messina, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Fan H, Wu Q, Simon JE, Lou SN, Ho CT. Authenticity analysis of citrus essential oils by HPLC-UV-MS on oxygenated heterocyclic components. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:30-39. [PMID: 28911443 PMCID: PMC9351747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus essential oils are widely applied in food industry as the backbone of citrus flavors. Unfortunately, due to relatively simple chemical composition and tremendous price differences among citrus species, adulteration has been plaguing the industry since its inception. Skilled blenders are capable of making blends that are almost indistinguishable from authentic oils through conventional gas chromatography analysis. A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for compositional study of nonvolatile constituents in essential oils from major citrus species. The nonvolatile oxygenated heterocyclic components identified in citrus oils were proved to be more effective as markers in adulteration detection than the volatile components. Authors are hoping such an analysis procedure can be served as a routine quality control test for authenticity evaluation in citrus essential oils.
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Georgiou CA, Danezis GP. Elemental and Isotopic Mass Spectrometry. ADVANCED MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63340-8.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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van Leeuwen KA, Prenzler PD, Ryan D, Camin F. Gas Chromatography-Combustion-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry for Traceability and Authenticity in Foods and Beverages. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katryna A. van Leeuwen
- Dept. of Food Quality and Nutrition; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM); Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN) Italy
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences; EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation; Charles Sturt Univ; Wagga Wagga NSW 2678 Australia
| | - Paul D. Prenzler
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences; EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation; Charles Sturt Univ; Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia
| | - Danielle Ryan
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences; EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation; Charles Sturt Univ; Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia
| | - Federica Camin
- Dept. of Food Quality and Nutrition; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM); Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN) Italy
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Aprotosoaie AC, Hăncianu M, Costache II, Miron A. Linalool: a review on a key odorant molecule with valuable biological properties. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Aprotosoaie
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”; Iasi Romania
| | - Monica Hăncianu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”; Iasi Romania
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; “Sf. Spiridon” University Hospital Iasi; Romania
| | - Anca Miron
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”; Iasi Romania
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Castro-Puyana M, Herrero M. Metabolomics approaches based on mass spectrometry for food safety, quality and traceability. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Murata A, Engelhardt UH, Fleischmann P, Yamada K, Yoshida N, Juchelka D, Hilkert A, Ohnishi T, Watanabe N, Winterhalter P. Purification and gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry of aroma compounds from green tea products and comparison to bulk analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11321-11325. [PMID: 24206364 DOI: 10.1021/jf403605a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A method for carbon isotope ratio (δ(13)C) analysis was developed for compound-specific isotope analysis of tea volatiles, and the values were compared with the δ(13)C value from bulk isotope analyses. The δ(13)C value of 2-phenylethanol liberated via enzymatic hydrolysis of the 2-phenylethyl β-primeveroside standard was examined first. Isotope fractionations for 2-phenylethyl β-primeveroside from preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were also analyzed. The enzymatic treatment and the preparative HPLC process did not cause carbon isotope fractionations, substantiating the strategies available for δ(13)C analysis of volatile compounds. On the basis of the gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry data from 2-phenylethanol, it was possible to derive the conditions for enzyme treatment and preparative HPLC of the glycoconjugates of 2-phenylethanol, (Z)-3-hexenol, and benzyl alcohol isolated from green tea leaves. Larger variations in δ(13)C were found for individual volatile compounds compared with bulk analytical data from the leaves, indicating the potential to utilize this strategy in assigning the geographical origin of green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariaki Murata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Pellati F, Orlandini G, van Leeuwen KA, Anesin G, Bertelli D, Paolini M, Benvenuti S, Camin F. Gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry, flame ionization detection and elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry for characterizing and detecting the authenticity of commercial essential oils of Rosa damascena Mill. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:591-602. [PMID: 23413218 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The essential oil of Rosa damascena Mill. is known for its fine perfumery application, use in cosmetic preparations and for several pharmacological activities. Due to its high value, it can be easily adulterated with flavors or cheaper oils. This study is aimed at a detailed phytochemical characterization of commercial samples of R. damascena essential oil and at their authenticity assessment. METHODS Nineteen commercial samples of R. damascena essential oil of different geographic origin and an additional authentic one, directly extracted by hydro-distillation from fresh flowers, were considered. GC/MS and GC/FID techniques were applied for the phytochemical analysis of the samples. EA/IRMS (Elemental Analyzer/Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry) and GC/C (Combustion)/IRMS were used to determine the δ(13)C composition of bulk samples and of some specific components. RESULTS Citronellol (28.7-55.3%), geraniol (13.5-27.3%) and nonadecane (2.6-18.9%) were the main constituents of Bulgarian and Turkish essential oils, while those from Iran were characterized by a high level of aliphatic hydrocarbons (nonadecane: 3.7-23.2%). The δ(13)C values of bulk samples were between -28.1 and -26.9‰, typical for C3 plants. The δ(13)C values of specific components were in the usual range for natural aromatic substances from C3 plants, except for geranyl acetate, which displayed higher values (up to -18‰). These unusual δ(13)C values were explained by the addition of a natural cheaper oil from a C4 plant (Cymbopogon martinii, palmarosa), which was found to occur in most of the essential oils. CONCLUSION GC/C/IRMS, in combination with GC/MS and GC/FID, can be considered as an effective and reliable tool for the authenticity control of R. damascena essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Schipilliti L, Bonaccorsi I, Cotroneo A, Dugo P, Mondello L. Evaluation of gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) for the quality assessment of citrus liqueurs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:1661-1670. [PMID: 23101544 DOI: 10.1021/jf3028073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Citrus liqueurs are alcoholic beverages obtained by maceration. The European Parliament protects these alcoholic beverages, forbidding the addition of nature-identical flavoring substances. However, for economical and technological reasons, producers often add natural and/or synthetic flavors to the alcoholic syrup, obtaining artificial spirit drinks. The aim of this study is to investigate the authenticity of Italian liqueurs, of lemon, bergamot, and mandarin (locally known as "limoncello", "bargamino", and "mandarinetto"), comparing the carbon isotope ratios with values determined in genuine cold-pressed peel oils. Authenticity assessment was performed using headspace-solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Additional analyses were performed by direct enantioselective gas chromatography to determine the enantiomeric distribution of selected chiral volatiles and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the qualitative analyses of the samples. The method allowed confirmation of genuineness. Enantioselective gas chromatography analyses confirmed the results, demonstrating the reliability of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Schipilliti
- Diaprtimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
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Determination of petitgrain oils landmark parameters by using gas chromatography–combustion–isotope ratio mass spectrometry and enantioselective multidimensional gas chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:679-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Schipilliti L, Dugo P, Bonaccorsi I, Mondello L. Authenticity control on lemon essential oils employing Gas Chromatography–Combustion-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (GC–C-IRMS). Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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24
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Russo M, Torre G, Carnovale C, Bonaccorsi I, Mondello L, Dugo P. A new HPLC method developed for the analysis of oxygen heterocyclic compounds inCitrusessential oils. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2012.659523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Herrero M, Simó C, García-Cañas V, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A. Foodomics: MS-based strategies in modern food science and nutrition. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:49-69. [PMID: 21374694 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Modern research in food science and nutrition is moving from classical methodologies to advanced analytical strategies in which MS-based techniques play a crucial role. In this context, Foodomics has been recently defined as a new discipline that studies food and nutrition domains through the application of advanced omics technologies in which MS techniques are considered indispensable. Applications of Foodomics include the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and/or metabolomic study of foods for compound profiling, authenticity, and/or biomarker-detection related to food quality or safety; the development of new transgenic foods, food contaminants, and whole toxicity studies; new investigations on food bioactivity, food effects on human health, etc. This review work does not intend to provide an exhaustive revision of the many works published so far on food analysis using MS techniques. The aim of the present work is to provide an overview of the different MS-based strategies that have been (or can be) applied in the new field of Foodomics, discussing their advantages and drawbacks. Besides, some ideas about the foreseen development and applications of MS-techniques in this new discipline are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Herrero
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Dugo G, Bonaccorsi I, Sciarrone D, Costa R, Dugo P, Mondello L, Santi L, Fakhry HA. Characterization of Oils from the Fruits, Leaves and Flowers of the Bitter Orange Tree. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2011.9700446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Dugo
- a Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico , Università di Messina , V.le Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Ivana Bonaccorsi
- a Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico , Università di Messina , V.le Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- a Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico , Università di Messina , V.le Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Costa
- a Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico , Università di Messina , V.le Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- a Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico , Università di Messina , V.le Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- a Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico , Università di Messina , V.le Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Santi
- b Dipartimento di Biologia , Università di Roma Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
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Schipilliti L, Dugo G, Santi L, Dugo P, Mondello L. Authentication of Bergamot Essential Oil by Gas Chromatography-Combustion-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (GC-C-IRMS). JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2011.9700447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Schipilliti
- a Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico , Università di Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dugo
- a Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico , Università di Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Santi
- b Dipartimento di Tecnologie, Ingegneria e Scienze dell'Ambiente e delle Foreste , Università della Tuscia , Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- c Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico , Università di Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
- d Campus-Biomedico , Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- c Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico , Università di Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
- d Campus-Biomedico , Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy
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Tranchida PQ, Bonaccorsi I, Dugo P, Mondello L, Dugo G. Analysis of Citrus essential oils: state of the art and future perspectives. A review. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Quinto Tranchida
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facolt di Farmacia; Universit degli Studi di Messina; viale Annunziata; 98168; Messina; Italy
| | - Ivana Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facolt di Farmacia; Universit degli Studi di Messina; viale Annunziata; 98168; Messina; Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facolt di Farmacia; Universit degli Studi di Messina; viale Annunziata; 98168; Messina; Italy
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Bonaccorsi I, Sciarrone D, Schipilliti L, Dugo P, Mondello L, Dugo G. Multidimensional enantio gas chromtography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-combustion-isotopic ratio mass spectrometry for the authenticity assessment of lime essential oils (C. aurantifolia Swingle and C. latifolia Tanaka). J Chromatogr A 2011; 1226:87-95. [PMID: 22088669 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the genuineness assessment of Lime oils (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle and C. latifolia Tanaka), by Multi Dimensional Gas Chromatography (MDGC) to determine the enantiomeric distribution of α-thujene, camphene, β-pinene, sabinene, α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene, limonene, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol and by gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) to determine the isotopic ratios of α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, α-terpineol, neral, geranial, β-caryophyllene, trans-α-bergamotene, germacrene B. To the author's knowledge this is the first attempt to assess the authenticity and differentiate Persian Lime from Key lime oils by GC-C-IRMS. The results of the two analytical approaches were compared. The simultaneous use of the two techniques provides more reliable capability to detect adulteration in Citrus essential oils. In fact, in some circumstance only one of the two techniques allows to discriminate adulterated or contaminated oils. In cases where only small anomalies are detected by the two techniques due to subtle adulterations, their synergic use allows to express judgments. The advantage of both techniques is the low number of components the analyst must evaluate, reducing the complexity of the data necessary to deal with. Moreover, the conventional analytical approach based on the evaluation of the whole volatile fraction can fail to reveal the quality of the oils, if the adulteration is extremely subtle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168-Messina, Italy.
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Headspace-solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometer and to enantioselective gas chromatography for strawberry flavoured food quality control. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7481-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Ragonese C, Sciarrone D, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Dugo G, Mondello L. Evaluation of a Medium-Polarity Ionic Liquid Stationary Phase in the Analysis of Flavor and Fragrance Compounds. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7947-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202012u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ragonese
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
| | - Peter Quinto Tranchida
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
- Università Campus-Biomedico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
- Università Campus-Biomedico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
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Bonaccorsi I, Sciarrone D, Schipilliti L, Trozzi A, Fakhry HA, Dugo G. Composition of Egyptian Nerolì Oil. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bitter orange flower oil (or nerolì) is an essential product, largely used in perfumery. Nerolì is obtained by hydrodistillation or steam distillation, from the flowers of bitter orange ( Citrus aurantium L.). Since a long time nerolì production is limited and its cost on the market is considerably high. The annual production in Tunisia and Morocco is ca. 1500 Kg, representing more than 90% of the worldwide production. A small amount of nerolì is also produced in Egypt, Spain and Comorros (not exceeding 150 kg totally). Due to the high cost, the producers and the users have tried to obtain less expensive products, with odor characters close to that of nerolì oil to be used as substitute and sometimes as adulterants of the genuine oil. In this study are investigated five samples of Egyptian nerolì oils produced in 2008 and 2009, in the same industrial plant, declared genuine by the producer. For all the samples the composition was determined by GC/FID and by GC/MS-LRI; the samples were also analyzed by esGC to determine the enantiomeric distribution of twelve volatiles and by GC-C-IRMS for the determination of the δ 13CVPDB values of some mono and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, alcohols and esters. The analytical procedures allowed to quantitatively determining 86 components. In particular the variation of the composition seems to be dependent on the period of production. In fact, the amount of linalool decreases from March to April while linalyl acetate presents an opposite trend, increasing in the same period. The RSD determined for the δ 13CVPDB are very small (max. 3.89%), ensuring the authenticity of all samples. The results are also discussed in function of the limits provided by the European Pharmacopoeia (EP) (2004), AFNOR (1995) and ISO (2002) regulations for genuine nerolì oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Università di Messina, V.le Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Università di Messina, V.le Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Luisa Schipilliti
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Università di Messina, V.le Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Trozzi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-biologico, Università di Messina, V.le Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Università di Messina, V.le Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Dugo P, Bonaccorsi I, Ragonese C, Russo M, Donato P, Santi L, Mondello L. Analytical characterization of mandarin (Citrus deliciosa Ten.) essential oil. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sciarrone D, Costa R, Ragonese C, Tranchida PQ, Tedone L, Santi L, Dugo P, Dugo G, Joulain D, Mondello L. Application of a multidimensional gas chromatography system with simultaneous mass spectrometric and flame ionization detection to the analysis of sandalwood oil. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:137-42. [PMID: 21112592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The production and trade of Indian sandalwood oil is strictly regulated, due to the impoverishment of the plantations; for such a reason, Australian sandalwood oil has been evaluated as a possible substitute of the Indian type. International directives report, for both the genuine essential oils, specific ranges for the sesquiterpene alcohols (santalols). In the present investigation, a multidimensional gas chromatographic system (MDGC), equipped with simultaneous flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection (FID/MS), has been successfully applied to the analysis of a series of sandalwood oils of different origin. A detailed description of the system utilized is reported. Three santalol isomers, (Z)-α-trans-bergamotol, (E,E)-farnesol, (Z)-nuciferol, epi-α-bisabolol and (Z)-lanceol have been quantified. LoD (MS) and LoQ (FID) values were determined for (E,E)-farnesol, used as representative of the oxygenated sesquiterpenic group, showing levels equal to 0.002% and 0.003%, respectively. A great advantage of the instrumental configuration herein discussed, is represented by the fact that identification and quantitation of target analytes are carried out in one step, without the need to perform two separate analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Dugo P, Ragonese C, Russo M, Sciarrone D, Santi L, Cotroneo A, Mondello L. Sicilian lemon oil: Composition of volatile and oxygen heterocyclic fractions and enantiomeric distribution of volatile components. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3374-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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