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Abstract
During the last decade, there has been a continuous rise in the consumption of fresh easy-to-peel mandarins. However, the majority of the knowledge comes from other citrus fruit, like orange, while there are relatively few studies about mandarins and no comprehensive research on literature data about them. One of the most important steps in the analytical process is sample preparation. Its value is evident in analyzing the samples with complex matrices, such as in mandarin fruit. In addition, mandarin contains hundreds to thousands of various compounds and metabolites, some of them present in extremely low concentrations, that interfere with the detection of one another. Hence, mandarin samples are commonly pretreated by extraction to facilitate analysis of bioactive compounds, improve accuracy and quantification levels. There is an abundance of extraction techniques available, depending on the group of compounds of interest. Finally, modern analytical techniques, have been applied to cope with numerous bioactive compounds in mandarins. Considering all the above, this review aims to (i) list the most valuable procedures of sample preparation, (ii) highlight the most important techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from mandarin fruit, and (iii) summarize current trends in the identification and determination of bioactive compounds in mandarin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luna Maslov Bandić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Stankov V, Stankov MN, Cvetnić M, Sigurnjak Bureš M, Ukić Š, Kučić Grgić D, Lončarić Božić A, Kušić H, Bolanča T. Environmental aspects of UV-C-based processes for the treatment of oxytetracycline in water. Environ Pollut 2021; 277:116797. [PMID: 33647807 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on oxytetracycline (OTC) degradation by direct photolysis (UV-C) and photobased advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (UV-C/H2O2 and UV-C/S2O82-). OTC degradation pathways were revealed by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS analyses. The evolution/degradation profiles of 12 detected byproducts were correlated with changes in biodegradability and toxicity toward Vibrio fischeri recorded during the treatment. Both photobased AOPs yielded higher OTC degradation and mineralization rates than direct photolysis. The OTC degradation pathway was found to be rather specific regarding the main reactive species (HO• or SO4•-)/mechanism, yielding different patterns in toxicity changes, while biodegradability profiles were less affected. Biodegradability was correlated with the observed degradation and mineralization kinetics. The recorded toxicity changes indicate that byproducts formed by initial OTC degradation are more toxic than the parent pollutant. The prolonged treatment resulted in the formation of byproducts that contributed to a decrease in toxicity and an increase in biodegradability, as particularly emphasized in the case of UV-C/S2O82-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Stankov
- Sample Control D.o.o., Franje Puškarića 18, 10250, Lučko, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Novak Stankov
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matija Cvetnić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Sigurnjak Bureš
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Šime Ukić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dajana Kučić Grgić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Lončarić Božić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kušić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tomislav Bolanča
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia; University North, Trg Dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, Koprivnica, 48000, Croatia
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Prevarić V, Cvetnić M, Ukić Š, Bolanča T, Milković M, Bule K, Markić M, Kučić Grgić D, Miloloža M, Sigurnjak Bureš M. The Problem of Phthalate Occurrence in Aquatic Environment. CHEM BIOCHEM ENG Q 2021. [DOI: 10.15255/cabeq.2021.1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review has four major objectives: I) to present the problem of phthalate pollution, II) to highlight common techniques for quantification of phthalate compounds in <br />
water, III) to summarize current trends in determination of phthalates toxicity and point <br />
out the major adverse effects, and IV) to discuss and critically compare modern approaches in purification of phthalate-polluted water samples and thus reveal the further <br />
perspectives. Phthalates are organic compounds that are used extensively as additives in <br />
plastics and personal care products. They have high leaching potential and, therefore, <br />
they have been detected in various environments, including aquatic environments. Concentrations of phthalates in water are generally low, so their determination usually requires preconcentration. However, phthalates are compounds with very high hazardous <br />
potential. Related toxicity studies have been focused mainly on long-term exposures, and <br />
the results have shown that phthalates mainly affect the endocrine and reproductive systems. Therefore, phthalates have become a global concern. Their removal from the environment not only ensures environmental protection, but the protection of human health as well. Among various presented approaches for phthalates removal, anaerobic biodegradation has shown the highest potential for further developments because it is a promising technology for using wastewater as a source of green energy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matija Cvetnić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb
| | - Šime Ukić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology
| | - Tomislav Bolanča
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology
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